JP2008200777A - Surface coated cutting tool in which hard coating layer show excellent chipping resistance - Google Patents

Surface coated cutting tool in which hard coating layer show excellent chipping resistance Download PDF

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JP2008200777A
JP2008200777A JP2007037049A JP2007037049A JP2008200777A JP 2008200777 A JP2008200777 A JP 2008200777A JP 2007037049 A JP2007037049 A JP 2007037049A JP 2007037049 A JP2007037049 A JP 2007037049A JP 2008200777 A JP2008200777 A JP 2008200777A
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titanium
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carbonitride
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Tetsuhiko Honma
哲彦 本間
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Mitsubishi Materials Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a surface coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer shows excellent chipping resistance in high speed intermittent cutting. <P>SOLUTION: At least an aluminum oxide layer having a mean layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm and a TiCrCO layer and/or a TiCrCON layer having a mean layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm are alternately laminated on the surface of the base body of the tool as the hard coating layer so as to form the alternately laminated layer having a total mean layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、特に鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などのターニングまたはミーリング加工を、高速断続切削条件で行った場合に、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具(以下、被覆工具という)に関するものである。   The present invention provides a surface-coated cutting tool (hereinafter referred to as a coated tool) that exhibits excellent chipping resistance with a hard coating layer, particularly when turning or milling processing of steel, stainless steel, cast iron, etc. under high-speed interrupted cutting conditions. )).

従来、一般的に、炭化タングステン基(以下、WC基で示す)超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基(以下、TiCN基で示す)サーメットで構成された基体(以下、これらを総称して工具基体という)の表面に、(a)1〜5μmの平均層厚を有する炭化チタン層(以下、TiCで示す)、窒化チタン層(以下、TiNで示す)、炭窒化チタン層(以下、TiCNで示す)、炭酸化チタン層(以下、TiCOで示す)、窒酸化チタン層(以下、TiNOで示す)および炭窒酸化チタン層(以下、TiCNOで示す)のうち1種または2種以上からなるTi化合物層と、(b)0.5〜5μmの平均層厚を有する酸化アルミニウム(以下、Alで示す)層とで構成された硬質被覆層を合計平均層厚で5〜20μm被覆してなる被覆工具が知られており、この被覆工具を、鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄のターニングまたはミーリング加工に用いることが知られている。 Conventionally, a substrate composed of a tungsten carbide group (hereinafter referred to as WC group) cemented carbide or a titanium carbonitride group (hereinafter referred to as TiCN group) cermet (hereinafter collectively referred to as a tool substrate). ) On the surface of (a) a titanium carbide layer (hereinafter referred to as TiC) having an average thickness of 1 to 5 μm, a titanium nitride layer (hereinafter referred to as TiN), and a titanium carbonitride layer (hereinafter referred to as TiCN). Ti compound layer comprising one or more of a carbonic acid titanium layer (hereinafter referred to as TiCO), a titanium nitride oxide layer (hereinafter referred to as TiNO) and a titanium carbonitride oxide layer (hereinafter referred to as TiCNO) And (b) a hard coating layer composed of an aluminum oxide (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 O 3 ) layer having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, and a total average layer thickness of 5 to 20 μm. Coated tools are known Cage, the coated tool steel, it is known to use in turning or milling of stainless steels and cast irons.

また、上記従来被覆工具の耐摩耗性を向上させるために、その硬質被覆層を、Al層とTiCO層、TiNO層および/またはTiCNO層との交互積層(以下、Al−Ti系積層という)構造として形成することも知られている。 Further, in order to improve the wear resistance of the conventional coated tool, the hard coating layer is formed by alternately laminating Al 2 O 3 layers and TiCO layers, TiNO layers and / or TiCNO layers (hereinafter referred to as Al 2 O 3 − It is also known to form as a structure (called a Ti-based laminate).

さらに、上記TiCN層については、通常の化学蒸着装置にて、反応ガスとして有機炭窒化物を含む混合ガスを使用し、700〜950℃の中温温度領域で蒸着することにより、縦長成長結晶組織を有するTiCN層(以下、l−TiCN層で示す)を形成することも知られている。
特開昭54−66912号公報 特開平6−8010号公報 特開平7−328808号公報
Further, for the TiCN layer, by using a mixed gas containing an organic carbonitride as a reaction gas in an ordinary chemical vapor deposition apparatus, vapor deposition is performed in a middle temperature region of 700 to 950 ° C. It is also known to form a TiCN layer (hereinafter, referred to as an l-TiCN layer).
JP 54-66912 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-8010 JP 7-328808 A

近年の切削加工の省力化および省エネ化に対する要求は強く、これに伴い、連続切削はもとより断続切削においても加工条件は一段と高速化の傾向にあるが、上記の従来被覆工具において、これを鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などの通常の加工条件での切削に用いた場合には問題ないが、これを高速断続加工に用いた場合、前記Al−Ti系積層の高温強度が十分でないために、高速断続加工条件下における大きな衝撃的・機械的な負荷に耐えることができず、早期にチッピング(微小欠け)が発生しやすくなり、比較的短時間で使用寿命に至るのが現状である。 In recent years, there has been a strong demand for energy saving and energy saving of cutting work, and with this, the cutting conditions have been on the trend of higher speed not only in continuous cutting but also in interrupted cutting. There is no problem when used for cutting under normal processing conditions such as stainless steel and cast iron, but when this is used for high-speed intermittent processing, the high-temperature strength of the Al 2 O 3 —Ti-based laminate is not sufficient. However, it is difficult to withstand a large impact / mechanical load under high-speed interrupted machining conditions, chipping (minute chipping) is likely to occur at an early stage, and the service life is reached in a relatively short time.

そこで、本発明者等は、上述のような観点から、上記従来被覆工具の硬質被覆層の高速断続切削条件下における耐チッピング性の向上を図るべく、Al−Ti系積層に着目し研究を行った結果、
(a)例えば、上記従来被覆工具の硬質被覆層を構成するAl−Ti系積層のAl層とTiCO層との交互積層は、通常の化学蒸着装置にて、まず、Al層を、
反応ガス組成(容量%):
AlCl:1〜10%、
CO:1〜30%、
HCl:1〜30%、
S:0.01〜1%、
2:残り、
反応雰囲気温度:900〜1050℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:6〜25kPa、
の条件で化学蒸着し、その後、TiCO層を、
反応ガス組成(容量%):
TiCl:0.5〜10%、
CH:0.5〜5%、
CO:0.1〜5%、
2:残り、
反応雰囲気温度:900〜1050℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:6〜25kPa、
の条件(以下、通常条件という)で化学蒸着で形成し、その後、さらにAl層とTiCO層とを積み重ねて積層化を続けていくが、上記TiCO層の化学蒸着条件において、上記の反応ガスにCrClを0.02〜1容量%の割合で添加し、これ以外は通常条件と同一の条件で蒸着を行うと、TiCO層の代わりに、チタンとクロムの炭酸化物層(以下、「Ti−Cr炭酸化物層」で示す)が蒸着形成され、そして、この結果形成されたTi−Cr炭酸化物層は、CrがTiとの合量に占める割合で1〜10原子%の割合で含有され、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層に含有されたCrの作用により、高温強度が一段と向上したものになるので、Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層とを交互に積層した硬質被覆層は、切刃部にきわめて大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷が加わる高速断続切削においても、チッピングの発生が防止され、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性が向上すること。
In view of the above, the present inventors have focused on the Al 2 O 3 —Ti-based lamination in order to improve the chipping resistance of the hard coating layer of the conventional coated tool under high-speed intermittent cutting conditions. As a result of research,
(A) For example, the alternating stack of conventional coating constituting the hard layer of the tool Al 2 O 3 Al 2 O 3 layer of -Ti-based laminate and TiCO layer, in a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus, first, Al 2 O 3 layers,
Reaction gas composition (volume%):
AlCl 3: 1~10%,
CO 2: 1~30%,
HCl: 1-30%
H 2 S: 0.01~1%,
H 2 : Remaining
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 900-1050 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 6-25 kPa,
Chemical vapor deposition under the conditions of
Reaction gas composition (volume%):
TiCl 4: 0.5~10%,
CH 4: 0.5~5%,
CO: 0.1-5%
H 2 : Remaining
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 900-1050 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 6-25 kPa,
Then, the Al 2 O 3 layer and the TiCO layer are further stacked and continued to be laminated. However, under the above-described TiCO layer chemical vapor deposition conditions, When CrCl 3 is added to the reaction gas at a ratio of 0.02 to 1% by volume, and vapor deposition is performed under the same conditions as other normal conditions, instead of the TiCO layer, a titanium and chromium carbonate layer (hereinafter, The “Ti—Cr carbonate layer” is formed by vapor deposition, and the resulting Ti—Cr carbonate layer is formed at a ratio of 1 to 10 atomic% in the proportion of Cr to the total amount of Ti. Since the high temperature strength is further improved by the action of Cr contained in the Ti—Cr carbonate layer, a hard coating layer in which Al 2 O 3 layers and Ti—Cr carbonate layers are alternately laminated Is extremely large on the cutting edge Chipping is prevented even during high-speed interrupted cutting with a heavy impact and mechanical load, and the chipping resistance of the hard coating layer is improved.

(b)また、上記Ti−Cr炭酸化物層にかえて、チタンとクロムの炭窒酸化物層(以下、「Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層」で示す)を、Al層と交互に積層することにより、上記と同様、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性を向上させることもできるが、
上記Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層は、
反応ガス組成(容量%):
TiCl:0.5〜10%、
:5〜30%、
CH:0.5〜5%、
CO:0.1〜5%、
2:残り、
反応雰囲気温度:900〜1050℃、
反応雰囲気圧力:6〜25kPa、
というTiCNO層の化学蒸着条件において、上記の反応ガスにCrClを0.02〜1容量%の割合で添加することにより蒸着形成することができ、そして、上記蒸着条件によって、CrがTiとの合量に占める割合で1〜10原子%含有されるTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層を形成することができ、そして、この結果形成されたTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層は、前記Ti−Cr炭酸化物層と同様に、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性を向上させること。
(B) In place of the Ti—Cr carbonate layer, titanium and chromium carbonitride oxide layers (hereinafter referred to as “Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layers”) are alternately formed with Al 2 O 3 layers. By laminating, it is possible to improve the chipping resistance of the hard coating layer as described above,
The Ti-Cr carbonitride oxide layer is
Reaction gas composition (volume%):
TiCl 4: 0.5~10%,
N 2: 5~30%,
CH 4: 0.5~5%,
CO: 0.1-5%
H 2 : Remaining
Reaction atmosphere temperature: 900-1050 ° C.
Reaction atmosphere pressure: 6-25 kPa,
In the chemical vapor deposition conditions of the TiCNO layer, it is possible to form a vapor deposition by adding CrCl 3 to the above reaction gas in a ratio of 0.02 to 1% by volume. A Ti—Cr oxynitride layer containing 1 to 10 atomic% in a proportion of the total amount can be formed, and the resulting Ti—Cr oxynitride layer is formed of the Ti—Cr To improve the chipping resistance of the hard coating layer as well as the carbonate layer.

(c)上記のごときAl層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層からなる硬質被覆層は、Al層自体が具備する高温硬さと高温安定性に加えて、従来被覆工具のAl−Ti系積層を構成するTiCO層、TiNO層あるいはTiCNO層に比べて、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層やTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層が一段と高い高温強度を有すると同時に、Al層に対する接合強度も大であるので、少なくとも、前記Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層を硬質被覆層として設けてなる本発明の被覆工具は、極めて高い負荷のかかる高速断続加工においても、前記硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮し、長期に亘ってすぐれた性能を発揮するようになること。
以上(a)〜(c)に示される研究結果を得たのである。
(C) As described above, the hard coating layer formed by alternately laminating the Al 2 O 3 layer and the Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or the Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer is a high temperature that the Al 2 O 3 layer itself has. In addition to hardness and high temperature stability, Ti-Cr carbonate layer and Ti-Cr carbonitride oxide compared to TiCO layer, TiNO layer or TiCNO layer that constitute the Al 2 O 3 -Ti-based laminate of conventional coated tools Since the layer has a higher high-temperature strength and at the same time, the bonding strength to the Al 2 O 3 layer is high, at least the Al 2 O 3 layer and the Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide The coated tool according to the present invention, in which alternating lamination with a hard layer is provided as a hard coating layer, exhibits excellent chipping resistance even during high-speed interrupted processing with extremely high load. To be able to demonstrate outstanding performance.
The research results shown in (a) to (c) above were obtained.

この発明は、上記の研究結果に基づいてなされたものであって、
「(1) 炭化タングステン基(WC基)超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基(TiCN基)サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層が被覆された表面被覆切削工具において、硬質被覆層が、少なくとも、一層平均層厚が0.5〜5μmの酸化アルミニウム層(Al層)と、一層平均層厚が0.05〜0.5μmのチタンとクロムの炭酸化物層(Ti−Cr炭酸化物層)および/または炭酸窒化物層(Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層)とが交互に積層された合計平均層厚が2〜15μmの交互積層からなることを特徴とする、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。
(2) 上記(1)記載の表面被覆切削工具において、工具基体表面と上記交互積層との間に、2〜15μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭化チタン層(TiC層)、窒化チタン層(TiN層)、炭窒化チタン層(TiCN層)のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層を介在させたことを特徴とする、上記(1)記載のすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。
(3) 炭化タングステン基(WC基)超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基(TiCN基)サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層が被覆された表面被覆切削工具において、硬質被覆層が、
(a)2〜15μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭化チタン層(TiC層)、窒化チタン層(TiN層)および炭窒化チタン層(TiCN層)のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層、
(b)0.2〜1μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭酸化チタン層(TiCO層)、窒酸化チタン層(TiNO層)および炭窒酸化チタン層(TiCNO層)のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる中間層、
(c)一層平均層厚が0.5〜5μmの酸化アルミニウム層(Al層)と、一層平均層厚が0.05〜0.5μmのチタンとクロムの炭酸化物層(Ti−Cr炭酸化物層)および/または炭酸窒化物層(Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層)とが交互に積層された合計平均層厚が2〜15μmの交互積層からなる上部層、
以上(a)〜(c)により構成されたことを特徴とする、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。」
に特徴を有するものである。
This invention was made based on the above research results,
“(1) In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base composed of a tungsten carbide group (WC group) cemented carbide or a titanium carbonitride group (TiCN group) cermet, And an aluminum oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 layer) having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, and a titanium and chromium carbonate layer (Ti—Cr) having an average layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm. Carbon dioxide layer) and / or carbonitride layers (Ti-Cr carbonitride oxide layer) are alternately laminated, and have a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm. Surface coated cutting tool that demonstrates chipping properties.
(2) In the surface-coated cutting tool described in (1) above, a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm is provided between the tool base surface and the alternate lamination, and a titanium carbide layer (TiC layer), nitriding The above (1), wherein a lower layer composed of one or two or more Ti-based compound layers selected from a titanium layer (TiN layer) and a titanium carbonitride layer (TiCN layer) is interposed. Surface-coated cutting tool that exhibits excellent chipping resistance.
(3) In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base composed of a tungsten carbide group (WC group) cemented carbide or a titanium carbonitride group (TiCN group) cermet,
(A) One or two layers having a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm and selected from a titanium carbide layer (TiC layer), a titanium nitride layer (TiN layer), and a titanium carbonitride layer (TiCN layer) A lower layer composed of a Ti-based compound layer equal to or more than one layer,
(B) has a total average layer thickness of 0.2 to 1 μm, and is selected from a titanium carbonate layer (TiCO layer), a titanium nitride oxide layer (TiNO layer), and a titanium carbonitride oxide layer (TiCNO layer) An intermediate layer composed of one or two or more Ti-based compound layers,
(C) Aluminum oxide layer (Al 2 O 3 layer) having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm, and titanium and chromium carbonate layer (Ti—Cr) having an average layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm. A carbon dioxide layer) and / or a carbonitride layer (Ti-Cr carbonitride oxide layer) alternately laminated and an upper layer composed of alternating layers having a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm,
A surface-coated cutting tool exhibiting excellent chipping resistance, characterized in that it is configured as described above in (a) to (c). "
It has the characteristics.

この発明の被覆工具の硬質被覆層の構成層について、上記の通りに限定した理由を以下に説明する。
(a)Ti−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層
Ti−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層は、従来被覆工具のAl−Ti系積層におけるTiCO層、TiNO層、TiCNO層に比して、一段と高い高温強度を有するので、硬質被覆層の耐ピッチング性向上に寄与するが、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層、Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層の一層平均層厚が0.05μm未満では、すぐれた高温特性を発揮することができず、また、0.5μmを超えると、隣接するAl層の相対的な存在割合が低下し、交互積層におけるAl層が備える十分な高温安定性を維持することができなくなるので、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層の一層平均層厚を0.05〜0.5μmとした。
また、蒸着形成されるTi−Cr炭酸化物層あるいはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層に含有されるCr含有割合がTiとの合量に占める割合で1原子%未満では高温強度向上の効果が見られず、また10原子%を超えると、隣接するAl層との付着強度が低下しチッピングなどの異常損傷が発生するようになるため、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層あるいはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層における、Tiとの合量に占めるCrの含有割合は1〜10原子%とすることが望ましい。
The reason why the constituent layers of the hard coating layer of the coated tool of the present invention are limited as described above will be described below.
(A) Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or Ti—Cr carbonitride layer Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or Ti—Cr carbonitride layer is an Al 2 O 3 —Ti type of conventional coated tools. Compared to the TiCO layer, TiNO layer, and TiCNO layer in the stack, it has higher high-temperature strength, so it contributes to the improvement of the pitting resistance of the hard coating layer, but the Ti-Cr carbonate layer, Ti-Cr carbonitride oxide If the average layer thickness of the layers is less than 0.05 μm, excellent high temperature characteristics cannot be exhibited, and if it exceeds 0.5 μm, the relative proportion of adjacent Al 2 O 3 layers decreases. Since the sufficient high-temperature stability of the Al 2 O 3 layers in the alternate lamination cannot be maintained, the average layer thickness of the Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or the Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer is set to 0. 05-0.5μ m.
Moreover, if the Cr content in the Ti—Cr carbonate layer or Ti—Cr carbonitride layer formed by vapor deposition is less than 1 atomic% in the total amount with Ti, the effect of improving the high temperature strength is seen. In addition, if it exceeds 10 atomic%, the adhesion strength with the adjacent Al 2 O 3 layer decreases and abnormal damage such as chipping occurs, so the Ti—Cr carbonate layer or Ti—Cr carbonitride. The content ratio of Cr in the total amount of Ti in the oxide layer is preferably 1 to 10 atomic%.

(b)Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層
Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層は、Al層自体がすぐれた高温硬さと高温安定性を具備し、さらに、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層、Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層が一段と高い高温強度を有すると同時に隣接するAl層に対する接合強度も大であることから、上記Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層を備える硬質被覆層はすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮し、また、Al層、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層、Ti−Cr炭窒酸化物層のいずれもが酸化物であるためすぐれた耐酸化性を有するが、交互積層の合計平均層厚が2μm未満では、所望の性能を得ることができず、また合計平均層厚が15μmを超えると、高速断続切削加工ではチッピング等の異常損傷が起きやすくなるため、上記交互積層の合計平均層厚を2〜15μmとした。
なお、Alは、α型結晶構造、κ型結晶構造など種々の結晶構造を有するが、本発明においてはいずれの結晶構造のものであっても所望の性能を得ることができる。
(B) the Al 2 O 3 layer and Ti-Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti-Cr oxycarbonitride alternately stacked the Al 2 O 3 layer between the oxide layer and the Ti-Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti-Cr carbonitride Alternating layers with oxide layers have Al 2 O 3 layers themselves with excellent high temperature hardness and high temperature stability, and Ti—Cr carbonate layers and Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layers have even higher high temperature strength. since the bonding strength is large relative to the Al 2 O 3 layer adjacent at the same time having the alternate lamination of the the Al 2 O 3 layer and Ti-Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti-Cr oxycarbonitride layer The hard coating layer provided has excellent chipping resistance, and the Al 2 O 3 layer, the Ti—Cr carbonate layer, and the Ti—Cr carbonitride layer are all oxides, so they have excellent oxidation resistance. The average average layer thickness of alternating layers If the thickness is less than 2 μm, the desired performance cannot be obtained, and if the total average layer thickness exceeds 15 μm, abnormal damage such as chipping is likely to occur in high-speed intermittent cutting. Was 2 to 15 μm.
Al 2 O 3 has various crystal structures such as an α-type crystal structure and a κ-type crystal structure. In the present invention, any crystal structure can obtain desired performance.

(c)下部層
2〜15μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、TiC層、TiN層、TiCN層のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層は、高い硬さを有するので、工具基体表面と前記Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層からなる交互積層との間に介在させることによって耐摩耗性を向上させることができるが、その合計平均層厚が2μm未満では、耐摩耗性向上効果を期待することはできす、一方、15μmを超えると高速断続切削においてチッピングなどの異常損傷が発生しやすくなることか、その合計平均層厚を2〜15μmとした。
(c) The lower layer has a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm and is composed of one or two or more Ti-based compound layers selected from a TiC layer, a TiN layer, and a TiCN layer. Since it has hardness, wear resistance can be obtained by interposing between the tool substrate surface, the Al 2 O 3 layer, and the alternate lamination of Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or Ti—Cr carbonitride layer. Although it can be improved, if the total average layer thickness is less than 2 μm, the effect of improving wear resistance can be expected. On the other hand, if it exceeds 15 μm, abnormal damage such as chipping is likely to occur in high-speed intermittent cutting. Or the total average layer thickness was made into 2-15 micrometers.

(d)中間層
0.2〜1μmの合計平均層厚を有し、TiCO層、TiNO層およびTiCNO層のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる中間層を、前記下部層と、Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層からなる交互積層との間に介在させると、前記下部層と前記交互積層間での接合強度がより一段と向上し、硬質被覆層全体としての高温強度をさらに高め、その結果として、硬質被覆層の耐チッピング性をさらに向上させる効果があるが、その合計平均層厚が0.2μm未満では、接合強度向上の効果が見られず、また1μmを超えた場合には、中間層それ自体の高温強度が前記下部層、前記交互積層ほど大きくはないため、中間層部分での異常損傷が起きやすくなることから、中間層の合計平均層厚を0.2〜1μmとした。
(D) Intermediate layer An intermediate layer having a total average layer thickness of 0.2 to 1 μm and comprising one or more Ti-based compound layers selected from a TiCO layer, a TiNO layer, and a TiCNO layer, Bonding between the lower layer and the alternate laminate when interposed between the lower layer and the alternate laminate composed of the Al 2 O 3 layer and the Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer The strength is further improved and the high temperature strength of the hard coating layer as a whole is further increased. As a result, the chipping resistance of the hard coating layer is further improved, but if the total average layer thickness is less than 0.2 μm In the case where the effect of improving the bonding strength is not observed, and the thickness exceeds 1 μm, the high temperature strength of the intermediate layer itself is not as great as that of the lower layer and the alternately laminated layer, so that abnormal damage occurs in the intermediate layer portion. To be easy Therefore, the total average layer thickness of the intermediate layer was set to 0.2 to 1 μm.

なお、一般的に、切削後の使用コーナーの識別を容易にする目的で、Al層の上層に金色を有するTiN層を被覆することが知られているが、本発明被覆工具においても、使用コーナー識別の目的でAl層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層からなる交互積層の上層に、TiN層を被覆しても良い。その際のTiN層の平均層厚は0.2〜1μmとすることが好ましい。
また、近年、硬質被覆層を被覆後、物理的な手法、具体的には砥石、ナイロン製等のブラシ、SiC、AlおよびZrO粒子等をメディアとして使用する乾式および湿式ブラスト処理等により、硬質被覆層の表面を平滑化し、耐溶着性を向上させる方法が知られているが、かかる方法を本発明被覆工具に適応することも勿論可能であり、そして、これによって、工具特性の劣化が生じるものでもない。
In general, it is known that a TiN layer having a gold color is coated on the upper layer of the Al 2 O 3 layer for the purpose of facilitating identification of a use corner after cutting. For the purpose of identifying use corners, a TiN layer may be coated on an upper layer of an alternating layer composed of an Al 2 O 3 layer and a Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer. In that case, the average thickness of the TiN layer is preferably 0.2 to 1 μm.
Further, in recent years, after coating a hard coating layer, physical methods, specifically, dry and wet blasting using a grinding stone, a brush made of nylon, etc., SiC, Al 2 O 3 and ZrO 2 particles as media, etc. Thus, there is known a method for smoothing the surface of the hard coating layer and improving the welding resistance, but it is of course possible to apply such a method to the coated tool of the present invention, and this makes it possible to improve the tool characteristics. It does not cause deterioration.

この発明の被覆工具は、その表面に、少なくとも、Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層からなる硬質被覆層を備え(請求項1)、あるいは、この交互積層と工具基体間に炭化チタン層(TiC層)、窒化チタン層(TiN層)、炭窒化チタン層(TiCN層)のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層を備え(請求項2)、あるいは、さらに交互積層と下部層との間に、炭酸化チタン層(TiCO層)、窒酸化チタン層(TiNO層)および炭窒酸化チタン層(TiCNO層)のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる中間層(請求項3)を介在させたので、各種の鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などの通常条件でのターニング、ミーリング加工は勿論のこと、特に、大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などのターニングまたはミーリング加工を高速断続切削条件で行った場合にも、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものである。 The coated tool of the present invention includes at least a hard coating layer comprising an alternating layer of an Al 2 O 3 layer and a Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti—Cr carbonitride layer on the surface (claims). 1) Alternatively, one or two or more layers of Ti selected from a titanium carbide layer (TiC layer), a titanium nitride layer (TiN layer), and a titanium carbonitride layer (TiCN layer) between the alternate lamination and the tool substrate Or a titanium carbonate layer (TiCO layer), a titanium oxynitride layer (TiNO layer), and a titanium carbonitride oxide. Since an intermediate layer (Claim 3) consisting of one or two or more Ti-based compound layers selected from among the layers (TiCNO layers) is interposed, various conditions such as various steel, stainless steel and cast iron Turning, It shows excellent chipping resistance even when turning or milling of steel, stainless steel, cast iron, etc., which are subjected to large impact and mechanical loads, under high-speed interrupted cutting conditions, as well as ring processing. It exhibits excellent cutting performance over a long period of time.

つぎに、この発明の被覆工具を実施例により具体的に説明する。   Next, the coated tool of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples.

原料粉末として、いずれも1〜3μmの平均粒径を有するWC粉末、TiC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、Cr32粉末、TiN粉末およびCo粉末を準備し、これら原料粉末を、表1に示される配合組成に配合し、さらにワックスを加えてアルコール中で10時間ボールミル混合し、減圧乾燥した後、ISO・CNMG120408(超硬基体A〜D)およびISO・SEEN1203AFTN1(超硬基体E、F)の所定形状に98MPaの圧力で圧粉体にプレス成形し、この圧粉体を5Paの真空中、1370〜1470℃の範囲内の所定の温度に1時間保持の条件で真空焼結し、超硬基体A〜DについてはR:0.07mmのホーニング加工を、超硬基体E、Fについては研磨後、切刃部に幅0.15mm、角度20度のチャンフォーホーニング加工することによりWC基超硬合金製の工具基体A〜Fをそれぞれ製造した。 As raw material powders, WC powder, TiC powder, TaC powder, NbC powder, Cr 3 C 2 powder, TiN powder and Co powder all having an average particle diameter of 1 to 3 μm were prepared. After blending to the indicated composition, adding wax, ball mill mixing in alcohol for 10 hours and drying under reduced pressure, ISO · CNMG120408 (Carbide substrate AD) and ISO · SEEN1203AFTN1 (Carbide substrates E and F) The green compact is press-molded into a green compact with a pressure of 98 MPa, and the green compact is vacuum sintered in a vacuum of 5 Pa at a predetermined temperature within a range of 1370 to 1470 ° C. for 1 hour. For hard substrates A to D, R: 0.07 mm honing processing, and for carbide substrates E and F, after polishing, chamfer with a width of 0.15 mm and an angle of 20 degrees at the cutting edge The tool bases A to F made of WC-base cemented carbide were manufactured by performing hohoning.

ついで、これらの工具基体A〜F表面に、まず、表3に示される条件かつ表6に示される目標合計平均層厚となるように下部層を蒸着形成し、或いは更に表4に示される条件かつ表6に示される目標合計平均層厚となるように中間層を蒸着形成した後、通常の化学蒸着装置を用いて、表5に示される条件かつ表7に示される目標一層平均層厚のAl層と、同じく表2にそれぞれ示される条件かつ表7に示される目標一層平均層厚のTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層を蒸着形成し、目標合計平均層厚の交互積層からなる硬質被覆層を有する本発明被覆工具1〜18を製造した。
なお、表6に示されるように、いくつかの本発明被覆工具については、中間層を形成しなかった。
Subsequently, a lower layer is first formed on these tool bases A to F by vapor deposition so as to have the target total average layer thickness shown in Table 3 and the target total average layer thickness shown in Table 6, or the conditions shown in Table 4 below. And after vapor-depositing an intermediate layer so that it may become the target total average layer thickness shown in Table 6, the conditions of Table 5 and the target single layer average layer thickness shown in Table 7 were used using a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus. An Al 2 O 3 layer and a Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer having the same target layer average thickness as shown in Table 2 and the conditions shown in Table 2 are formed by vapor deposition. Inventive coated tools 1-18 having a hard coating layer composed of alternating lamination layers having a total average layer thickness were produced.
As shown in Table 6, the intermediate layer was not formed for some of the coated tools of the present invention.

比較の目的で、工具基体A〜F表面に、まず、表3に示される条件かつ表6に示される目標合計平均層厚となるように下部層を蒸着形成し、或いは更に表4に示される条件かつ表6に示される目標合計平均層厚となるように中間層を蒸着形成した後、通常の化学蒸着装置を用いて、表4に示される条件で、かつ、表8に示される目標合計平均層厚で、Ti−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層の代わりに、TiCO層および/またはTiCNO層を形成し、目標合計平均層厚の交互積層からなる硬質被覆層を有する比較被覆工具1〜18を製造した。(下部層、中間層、Al層の形成条件は、上記本発明被覆工具1〜18と同一の条件とした。)
なお、例えば、特開平6−8010号公報に示されるような層の強度向上を目的として形成した縦長成長結晶組織を有するTiCN層については、表3、6中では「l−TiCN」として示している。
For the purpose of comparison, a lower layer is first formed on the tool bases A to F by vapor deposition so as to have the conditions shown in Table 3 and the target total average layer thickness shown in Table 6, or further shown in Table 4. After the intermediate layer was vapor-deposited under the conditions and the target total average layer thickness shown in Table 6, using a normal chemical vapor deposition apparatus, the conditions shown in Table 4 and the target total shown in Table 8 were used. A hard coating layer having an average layer thickness, in which a TiCO layer and / or a TiCNO layer is formed instead of a Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer, and the target total average layer thickness is alternately laminated. Comparative coated tools 1-18 having (The conditions for forming the lower layer, the intermediate layer, and the Al 2 O 3 layer were the same as those for the above-mentioned coated tools 1 to 18 of the present invention.)
For example, a TiCN layer having a vertically grown crystal structure formed for the purpose of improving the strength of the layer as disclosed in JP-A-6-8010 is shown as “l-TiCN” in Tables 3 and 6. Yes.

さらに、上記の本発明被覆工具1〜18および比較被覆工具1〜18について、これらの硬質被覆層の構成層をオージェ分光分析装置を用いて観察(層の縦断面を観察)したところ、目標組成と実質的に同じ組成を有することが確認され、また、これらの被覆工具の硬質被覆層の構成層の厚さを、走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて測定(同じく縦断面測定)したところ、いずれも目標層厚と実質的に同じ平均層厚(5点測定の平均値)を示した。   Further, for the above-described inventive coated tools 1-18 and comparative coated tools 1-18, the constituent layers of these hard coating layers were observed using an Auger spectroscopic analyzer (observation of the longitudinal section of the layers). And the thickness of the constituent layer of the hard coating layer of these coated tools was measured using a scanning electron microscope (same longitudinal section measurement). The average layer thickness (average value of 5-point measurement) substantially the same as the target layer thickness was shown.

まず、上記の本発明被覆工具1〜12および比較被覆工具1〜12について、次の切削条件AおよびBにより、ターニング加工を実施した。
[切削条件A]
被削材:JIS・S50Cの長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒
切削速度: 360 m/min、
切り込み: 2 mm、
送り量: 0.25 mm/rev.、
切削時間: 8 分、
の条件での炭素鋼の高速湿式断続切削試験(通常の切削速度は、200m/min)。
[切削条件B]
被削材:JIS・SUS304の長さ方向等間隔4本縦溝入り丸棒
切削速度: 320 m/min、
切り込み: 1.5 mm、
送り量: 0.2 mm/rev.、
切削時間: 6 分、
の条件でのステンレス鋼の高速湿式断続切削試験(通常の切削速度は、150m/min)。
First, turning processing was performed on the above-described coated tools 1 to 12 and comparative coated tools 1 to 12 according to the following cutting conditions A and B.
[Cutting conditions A]
Work material: JIS / S50C lengthwise equidistant 4 bars
Cutting speed: 360 m / min,
Incision: 2 mm,
Feed amount: 0.25 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 8 minutes,
High-speed wet intermittent cutting test of carbon steel under the conditions of (normal cutting speed is 200 m / min).
[Cutting conditions B]
Work material: JIS / SUS304 lengthwise equidistant 4 round grooved round bars Cutting speed: 320 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm,
Feed amount: 0.2 mm / rev. ,
Cutting time: 6 minutes,
High-speed wet intermittent cutting test of stainless steel under the conditions of (normal cutting speed is 150 m / min).

また、上記の本発明被覆工具13〜18および比較被覆工具13〜18について、次の切削条件CおよびDにより、ミーリング加工を実施した。
[切削条件C]
被削材:JIS・SCM440のブロック材
切削速度: 350 m/min、
切り込み: 1.5 mm、
一刃送り量: 0.15 mm/刃、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件での合金鋼の高速乾式切削試験(通常の切削速度は、200m/min)。
[切削条件D]
被削材:JIS・FCD650のブロック材
切削速度: 320 m/min、
切り込み: 2 mm、
一刃送り量: 0.12 mm/刃、
切削時間: 10 分、
の条件でのダクタイル鋳鉄の高速湿式切削試験(通常の切削速度は、180m/min)。
そして、上記の各切削試験における切刃の逃げ面摩耗幅を測定し、この測定結果を表8に示した。
In addition, the above-described coated tools 13 to 18 and comparative coated tools 13 to 18 were milled according to the following cutting conditions C and D.
[Cutting conditions C]
Work material: Block material of JIS / SCM440
Cutting speed: 350 m / min,
Cutting depth: 1.5 mm,
Single-blade feed amount: 0.15 mm / tooth,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
High-speed dry cutting test of alloy steel under the conditions of (normal cutting speed is 200 m / min).
[Cutting conditions D]
Work material: Block material of JIS / FCD650
Cutting speed: 320 m / min,
Incision: 2 mm,
Single blade feed amount: 0.12 mm / tooth,
Cutting time: 10 minutes,
High-speed wet cutting test of ductile cast iron under the conditions (normal cutting speed is 180 m / min).
The flank wear width of the cutting edge in each of the above cutting tests was measured, and the measurement results are shown in Table 8.

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表6〜9に示される結果から、本発明被覆工具1〜18は、少なくとも、Al層とTi−Cr炭酸化物層および/またはTi−Cr炭窒酸化物層との交互積層からなる硬質被覆層を有するので、大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷がかかる鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などのターニングまたはミーリング加工を高速断続切削条件で行っても、硬質被覆層がすぐれた耐チッピング性を備えているのに対して、硬質被覆層の交互積層構造が、Al層と従来のTiCO層、TiNO層、TiCNO層で形成された比較被覆工具1〜18においては、高速断続切削の激しい衝撃的な負荷に耐えられず、硬質被覆層にはチッピングが発生し、これが原因で比較的短時間で使用寿命に至ることが明らかである。 From the results shown in Tables 6 to 9, the coated tools 1 to 18 of the present invention consist of at least alternating layers of an Al 2 O 3 layer and a Ti—Cr carbonate layer and / or a Ti—Cr carbonitride oxide layer. Because it has a hard coating layer, the hard coating layer has excellent chipping resistance even when turning or milling processing such as steel, stainless steel and cast iron, which are subject to large impact and mechanical load, under high-speed interrupted cutting conditions. On the other hand, in the comparative coated tools 1 to 18 in which the alternately laminated structure of the hard coating layers is formed of the Al 2 O 3 layer and the conventional TiCO layer, TiNO layer, and TiCNO layer, the severe impact of high-speed intermittent cutting It is apparent that the hard coating layer cannot withstand a typical load, and chipping occurs in the hard coating layer, which leads to a service life in a relatively short time.

上述のように、この発明の被覆工具は、各種の鋼、ステンレス鋼および鋳鉄などの通常の条件でのターニングまたはミーリング加工は勿論のこと、特に、大きな衝撃的・機械的負荷が加わる高速断続切削条件でも、すぐれた耐チッピング性を示し、長期に亘ってすぐれた切削性能を発揮するものであるから、切削装置の高性能化ならびに切削加工の省力化および省エネ化、さらに低コスト化に十分満足に対応できるものである。   As described above, the coated tool of the present invention is not only turning or milling under normal conditions such as various types of steel, stainless steel, and cast iron, but particularly high-speed intermittent cutting in which a large impact / mechanical load is applied. Excellent chipping resistance even under certain conditions, and excellent cutting performance over a long period of time. Satisfying high performance of cutting equipment, labor saving and energy saving of cutting, and cost reduction It can cope with.

Claims (3)

炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層が被覆された表面被覆切削工具において、硬質被覆層として、少なくとも、一層平均層厚が0.5〜5μmの酸化アルミニウム層と、一層平均層厚が0.05〜0.5μmのチタンとクロムの炭酸化物層および/または炭酸窒化物層とが交互に積層された合計平均層厚が2〜15μmの交互積層を備えることを特徴とする、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。   In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base composed of a tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or a titanium carbonitride-based cermet, as the hard coating layer, at least one average layer thickness is 0.5 to A total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm, in which an aluminum oxide layer of 5 μm and titanium and chromium carbonate layers and / or carbonitride layers of 0.05 to 0.5 μm in average layer thickness are alternately laminated. A surface-coated cutting tool exhibiting excellent chipping resistance, characterized by comprising alternating layers. 請求項1記載の表面被覆切削工具において、工具基体表面と上記交互積層との間に、2〜15μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭化チタン層、窒化チタン層、炭窒化チタン層のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層を介在させたことを特徴とする、請求項1記載のすぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。   2. The surface-coated cutting tool according to claim 1, having a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm between the surface of the tool base and the alternate lamination, and comprising a titanium carbide layer, a titanium nitride layer, and a titanium carbonitride layer. 2. The surface-coated cutting tool exhibiting excellent chipping resistance according to claim 1, wherein a lower layer composed of one or two or more Ti-based compound layers selected from the above is interposed. 炭化タングステン基超硬合金または炭窒化チタン基サーメットで構成された工具基体の表面に硬質被覆層が被覆された表面被覆切削工具において、硬質被覆層として、
(a)2〜15μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭化チタン層、窒化チタン層および炭窒化チタン層のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる下部層、
(b)0.2〜1μmの合計平均層厚を有し、かつ、炭酸化チタン層、窒酸化チタン層および炭窒酸化チタン層のうちから選ばれる1層または2層以上のTi系化合物層からなる中間層、
(c)一層平均層厚が0.5〜5μmの酸化アルミニウム層と、一層平均層厚が0.05〜0.5μmのチタンとクロムの炭酸化物層および/または炭酸窒化物層とが交互に積層された合計平均層厚が2〜15μmの交互積層からなる上部層、
以上(a)〜(c)を備えることを特徴とする、すぐれた耐チッピング性を発揮する表面被覆切削工具。
In a surface-coated cutting tool in which a hard coating layer is coated on the surface of a tool base composed of tungsten carbide-based cemented carbide or titanium carbonitride-based cermet,
(A) a lower layer having a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm and comprising one or more Ti-based compound layers selected from a titanium carbide layer, a titanium nitride layer, and a titanium carbonitride layer;
(B) One or two or more Ti-based compound layers having a total average layer thickness of 0.2 to 1 μm and selected from a titanium carbonate layer, a titanium nitride oxide layer, and a titanium carbonitride oxide layer An intermediate layer,
(C) An aluminum oxide layer having an average layer thickness of 0.5 to 5 μm and a titanium and chromium carbonate layer and / or a carbonitride layer having an average layer thickness of 0.05 to 0.5 μm alternately An upper layer composed of alternately laminated layers having a total average layer thickness of 2 to 15 μm,
A surface-coated cutting tool exhibiting excellent chipping resistance, comprising the above (a) to (c).
JP2007037049A 2007-02-16 2007-02-16 Surface coated cutting tool in which hard coating layer show excellent chipping resistance Withdrawn JP2008200777A (en)

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