JP2008179956A - Fresh-water intake equipment - Google Patents

Fresh-water intake equipment Download PDF

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JP2008179956A
JP2008179956A JP2007012977A JP2007012977A JP2008179956A JP 2008179956 A JP2008179956 A JP 2008179956A JP 2007012977 A JP2007012977 A JP 2007012977A JP 2007012977 A JP2007012977 A JP 2007012977A JP 2008179956 A JP2008179956 A JP 2008179956A
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water
fresh
intake device
river
fresh water
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Seiji Kino
清治 城野
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KAIYO KAIHATSU GIJUTSU KENKYUS
KAIYO KAIHATSU GIJUTSU KENKYUSHO KK
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KAIYO KAIHATSU GIJUTSU KENKYUS
KAIYO KAIHATSU GIJUTSU KENKYUSHO KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide fresh-water intake equipment which enables fresh water to be stably taken in even in an estuary making a boundary between a fresh-water layer and a seawater layer indistinct and drastically changing the thickness and concentration of the fresh-water layer enabling intake, when only the fresh water in a surface layer of a river is taken in by utilizing a difference between the specific gravity of seawater and that of the fresh water. <P>SOLUTION: This fresh-water intake equipment 1 takes in only the fresh water in the surface layer of the river by utilizing the difference between the specific gravity of the seawater and that of the fresh water. The fresh-water intake equipment 1 comprises: a surface-layer-water intake device 2 for taking in surface layer water from a water surface to a predetermined depth following the water level of the river R; a salinometer which detects the salinity of the surface layer water taken in by the intake device 2; a three-way valve 4 which discharges the surface layer water taken in by the intake device 2 into only either an water injection pipe 5 for guiding the fresh water to a water storage portion P for storing the fresh water, or a return pipe 6 for returning water containing the salinity to the river R; and a valve control portion for controlling the flow direction of the three-way valve 4 on the basis of the result of detection by the salinometer. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、海水と淡水の比重差を利用して川の表層の淡水のみを取水する淡水取水装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a fresh water intake device that takes in only fresh water on the surface layer of a river using a specific gravity difference between seawater and fresh water.

有明海は潮の干満の差が大きく、大きいときには６ｍ近く水面の高さが上下する。そして、この有明海に流れ込む筑後川などの川の水は、干潮時に淡水よりも比重の重い海水の上に載って沖合まで運ばれ、満潮時には海水の上に載ったまま高い水位で再び川まで戻ってくる。このような有明海沿岸の地域では、従来この高い水位で海水の上に載って戻ってくる淡水を取水する、いわゆるアオ取水が伝統的に行われていた（非特許文献１，２参照。）。   In the Ariake Sea, the difference in tides is large. The water of the Chikugo River and other rivers that flow into the Ariake Sea is carried on the seawater, which is heavier than fresh water at low tide, and is transported offshore. At high tide, the water remains on the seawater and returns to the river again at a high water level. Come. In the area along the coast of Ariake Sea, so-called Ao water intake has been traditionally performed, in which fresh water that has been returned to seawater is returned at this high water level (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

このアオ取水によって取水された水は、農業用水や飲料水等として使用されるため、淡水のみを取水する必要があった。そこで、取水時には塩分濃度の高い水が入り込まないように番人が頃合いを見てクリークのゲートを開閉し、淡水のみを取水するようにしていた。   Since the water taken by this blue water intake is used as agricultural water, drinking water, etc., it was necessary to take only fresh water. Therefore, when taking in water, the guards opened and closed the creek gates to take in only fresh water so that high salinity water would not enter.

従来、河口域において淡水を取水するものとして、例えば特許文献１に記載の淡水導入装置が知られている。この淡水導入装置は、河口域に配設された取水場の取水口よりも上流側の流下する淡水と逆流する海水とが層状に分離されている流域の表層に一端側の入口部を浮体により位置させるとともに他端側の出口部を下流側の取水口に連通させて非透水性の膜体により導水路を形成して設けたものである。この淡水導入装置によれば、浮体によって水位の変化に追従しながら比重の軽い淡水を取水口に導くことができ、浮体および膜体の簡単かつ柔軟な構造によって容易に設置・撤去することができることが記載されている。   Conventionally, as a device for taking fresh water in an estuary area, for example, a fresh water introduction device described in Patent Document 1 is known. This fresh water introduction device has a floating body with an inlet at one end on the surface layer of the basin where fresh water flowing down upstream from the intake of a water intake station arranged in the estuary area and seawater flowing backward are separated into layers. In addition, the outlet portion on the other end side is communicated with the water intake on the downstream side, and a water conduit is formed by a water-impermeable film body. According to this fresh water introduction device, it is possible to guide fresh water having a low specific gravity to the water outlet while following the change of the water level by the floating body, and it can be easily installed and removed by the simple and flexible structure of the floating body and the film body. Is described.

また、特許文献２には、海、湖沼や河川等の水源の上水を、ごみや汚泥等の異物の混入を抑えつつ採取できるようにするため、水源の表面に浮かべられたフロート部材と、フロート部材によって一端部が保持され、フロート部材よりも下方の位置に吸水口を備えた注水管と、吸水口を取り囲むように、フロート部材から下方へ当該吸水口よりも低い位置まで伸びるストッパー部材とを備えた上水採取装置が記載されている。この上水採取装置では、水源の水位変化にかかわらず、取水口は水面から一定深さに位置することになるので、常に表面近傍の水を吸水口から吸入させることができることが記載されている。   Patent Document 2 discloses a float member floated on the surface of a water source in order to collect water from the water source such as the sea, lakes, and rivers while suppressing contamination of foreign matters such as garbage and sludge, One end portion is held by the float member, a water injection pipe having a water suction port at a position below the float member, and a stopper member that extends downward from the float member to a position lower than the water suction port so as to surround the water suction port; A water collection device is described. In this water sampling device, it is described that the water intake port is located at a certain depth from the water surface regardless of the change in the water level of the water source, so that water near the surface can always be sucked from the water intake port. .

特開平８−２３２３０３号公報JP-A-8-232303 特開２００４−２５０９３６号公報JP 2004-250936 A “アオ取水とは”，［online］，独立行政法人水資源機構筑後川局，［平成１８年１２月２５日検索］，インターネット＜ＵＲＬ：http://www.water.go.jp/chikugo/chikugo/html/river/risui2.htm＞“What is Ao Intake?”, [Online], Water Resources Organization Chikugogawa Bureau, [Search on December 25, 2006], Internet <URL: http://www.water.go.jp/chikugo/ chikugo / html / river / risui2.htm> 富山和子，“有明海とアオ（淡水）の世界”，［online］，ミツカン水の文化センター，［平成１８年１２月２５日検索］，インターネット＜ＵＲＬ：http://www.mizu.gr.jp/kenkyu/toyama3/t_rep3_1.html＞Kazuko Toyama, “World of Ariake Sea and Ao (Freshwater)”, [online], Mitsukan Water Culture Center, [Searched on December 25, 2006], Internet <URL: http://www.mizu.gr.jp /kenkyu/toyama3/t_rep3_1.html>

前述のように、アオ取水では取水時には塩分濃度の高い水が入り込まないように番人が頃合いをみてクリークのゲートを開閉しなければならなかった。しかしながら、潮の満ち引きの量は日によって異なるので、クリークのゲートの開閉は番人の経験に頼る必要がある。また、筑後川のような大河ではない小さな川の河口域では、下げ潮時でも淡水水量が少なく、淡水層と海水層との境界が明確でないので、塩分濃度が時々刻々と変化する。そのため、このような小さな川の河口域では一日のうち全く取水できない時間も長い。   As mentioned above, when taking ao water, the keeper had to open and close the creek gates in a timely manner so that high salinity water would not enter. However, since the amount of tides varies from day to day, opening and closing the creek gates must rely on the experience of the watchman. In addition, in the estuary area of a small river that is not a large river such as the Chikugo River, the amount of fresh water is small even at low tide, and the boundary between the fresh water layer and the sea water layer is not clear, so the salinity concentration changes every moment. For this reason, in such estuaries of small rivers, the time during which no water can be taken at all is long.

特許文献１に記載の装置では、取水場の取水口よりも上流側の流下する淡水と逆流する海水とが明確に層状に分離されており、この海水の流れと逆方向の上流側に設けた入口部から取水しているため、単に水面から一定高さの位置の水を取水するだけで淡水を得ることが可能である。しかしながら、上述の有明海沿岸のように干満の差が大きい水域でのアオ取水では、淡水が満潮時に海側から海水とともに同じ方向から上がってくるため、淡水層と海水層との境界が明確ではなく、淡水のみを取水することは難しい。また、上述のように小さな川の河口域においても淡水層と海水層との境界は明確ではないので、同じく特許文献１に記載の装置では淡水のみを取水することは難しい。   In the device described in Patent Document 1, the fresh water flowing down upstream from the intake port of the water intake and the seawater flowing backward are clearly separated into layers, and provided upstream in the direction opposite to the flow of seawater. Since water is taken from the inlet, fresh water can be obtained simply by taking water at a certain height from the water surface. However, in the Ao intake in the water area where the difference in tidal range is large like the above-mentioned Ariake Sea coast, the fresh water rises from the same direction together with the sea water at high tide, so the boundary between the fresh water layer and the sea water layer is not clear. It is difficult to take only fresh water. In addition, since the boundary between the freshwater layer and the seawater layer is not clear even in the estuary area of a small river as described above, it is difficult to take only freshwater with the apparatus described in Patent Document 1.

また、特許文献２に記載の装置でも、単に水源の上水を異物の混入を抑えつつ採取するための構成であるため、淡水と海水とを区別して淡水のみを取水することに関しての記述はなく、上述と同様に淡水層と海水層との境界が明確ではない状況で、淡水のみを取水することは難しい。   Moreover, since the apparatus described in Patent Document 2 is simply configured to collect the water from the water source while suppressing the mixing of foreign matter, there is no description regarding the intake of only fresh water by distinguishing fresh water from seawater. As described above, it is difficult to take only fresh water in a situation where the boundary between the fresh water layer and the sea water layer is not clear.

そこで、本発明においては、海水と淡水の比重差を利用して川の表層の淡水のみを取水するに際し、淡水層と海水層との境界が明確ではなく、取水可能な淡水層の厚みおよび塩分濃度の変化が激しい河口域であっても安定して淡水を取水することが可能な淡水取水装置を提供することを目的とする。   Therefore, in the present invention, when taking only the fresh water of the surface layer of the river using the difference in specific gravity of sea water and fresh water, the boundary between the fresh water layer and the sea water layer is not clear, and the thickness and salinity of the fresh water layer that can be taken An object of the present invention is to provide a fresh water intake device capable of stably taking fresh water even in an estuary where the concentration changes drastically.

本発明の淡水取水装置は、海水と淡水の比重差を利用して川の表層の淡水のみを取水する淡水取水装置であって、川の水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水する表層水取水装置と、表層水取水装置により取水した表層水の塩分を検出する塩分計と、表層水取水装置により取水した表層水を、淡水を貯留する貯水部へ導く注水管または塩分を含む水を川へ戻す戻し管のいずれか一方にのみ流す三方弁と、塩分計の検出結果に基づいて三方弁の流れ方向を制御する弁制御部とを備えるものである。   The fresh water intake device of the present invention is a fresh water intake device that takes in only fresh water on the surface layer of a river using the difference in specific gravity of seawater and fresh water, and follows the water level of the river to obtain surface water from the water surface to a predetermined depth. A surface water intake device that takes water, a salinity meter that detects the salinity of the surface water taken by the surface water intake device, and a water pipe or salt that guides the surface water taken by the surface water intake device to the water reservoir that stores fresh water It comprises a three-way valve that allows only one of the return pipes to return the contained water to the river, and a valve control unit that controls the flow direction of the three-way valve based on the detection result of the salinity meter.

本発明の淡水取水装置によれば、川の水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水し、取水した表層水の塩分が検出されない場合には三方弁により淡水を貯水部へ導き、取水した表層水の塩分が検出された場合には三方弁により塩分を含む水を川へ戻すことができ、淡水のみを取水することができる。   According to the fresh water intake device of the present invention, the surface water from the water surface to the predetermined depth is taken following the water level of the river, and when the salinity of the taken surface water is not detected, the fresh water is guided to the water storage section by the three-way valve. When the salinity of the surface water taken is detected, the water containing the salinity can be returned to the river by the three-way valve, and only fresh water can be taken.

ここで、表層水取水装置は、表層水に含まれる異物を除去するフィルタ部材と、このフィルタ部材よりも下流側に設けられた水位計とを有するものであり、さらに、表層水取水装置により取水する水を三方弁へ送出するポンプと、水位計による検出結果に基づいてポンプを停止するポンプ制御部とを備えるものである構成が望ましい。   Here, the surface water intake device has a filter member that removes foreign matters contained in the surface water, and a water level meter provided on the downstream side of the filter member, and further, water is taken in by the surface water intake device. It is desirable to have a configuration that includes a pump that feeds water to the three-way valve and a pump control unit that stops the pump based on the detection result of the water level gauge.

これにより、表層水に含まれる異物をフィルタ部材によって除去しながら淡水を取水している際に、このフィルタ部材よりも下流側に設けられた水位計により低水位が検出された場合、フィルタ部材が目詰まりしたと判断してポンプを停止することが可能となる。   Thereby, when fresh water is taken in while removing foreign substances contained in the surface water with the filter member, if the low water level is detected by a water level meter provided downstream of the filter member, the filter member is It is possible to stop the pump when it is determined that clogging has occurred.

また、本発明の淡水取水装置は、表層水取水装置の移動方向を上下方向のみに規制するガイドを備えるものであることが望ましい。海の高さの変化により海水の上に載ったまま海水とともに淡水が戻ってくる場合、白波が立つ程の勢いで水が川を上がってくるが、ガイドによって表層水取水装置の移動方向が上下方向のみに規制されることで、水の勢いに関係なく安定して取水を行うことが可能となる。   Moreover, as for the fresh water intake device of this invention, it is desirable to provide the guide which controls the moving direction of a surface layer water intake device only to an up-down direction. When fresh water returns along with seawater due to changes in sea height, the water rises as fast as white waves rise, but the direction of movement of the surface water intake device moves up and down by the guide. By being restricted only in the direction, water can be taken stably regardless of the momentum of the water.

（１）川の水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水する表層水取水装置と、表層水取水装置により取水した表層水の塩分を検出する塩分計と、表層水取水装置により取水した表層水を、淡水を貯留する貯水部へ導く注水管または塩分を含む水を川へ戻す戻し管のいずれか一方にのみ流す三方弁と、塩分計の検出結果に基づいて三方弁の流れ方向を制御する弁制御部とを備えることにより、川の水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水し、取水した表層水の塩分が検出されない場合には三方弁により淡水を貯水部へ導き、取水した表層水の塩分が検出された場合には三方弁により塩分を含む水を川へ戻すので、淡水層と海水層との境界が明確ではなく、取水可能な淡水層の厚みおよび塩分濃度の変化が激しい河口域であっても安定して淡水を取水することが可能となる。 (1) A surface water intake device that takes in surface water from the water surface to a predetermined depth following the river level, a salinity meter that detects the salinity of surface water taken by the surface water intake device, and a surface water intake device The three-way valve that flows the collected surface water only to either the water injection pipe that leads the fresh water to the reservoir or the return pipe that returns the water containing salt to the river, and the flow of the three-way valve based on the detection results of the salinity meter And a valve control unit that controls the direction of water, taking the surface water from the surface to a predetermined depth following the river level, and storing the fresh water with a three-way valve when the salinity of the taken surface water is not detected When the salinity of the surface water taken to the water is detected, the water containing the salinity is returned to the river by the three-way valve, so the boundary between the freshwater layer and the seawater layer is not clear, and the thickness of the freshwater layer that can be taken And in estuaries where salinity changes drastically Stable me to it is possible to intake the fresh water.

（２）表層水取水装置が、表層水に含まれる異物を除去するフィルタ部材と、このフィルタ部材よりも下流側に設けられた水位計とを有するものであり、さらに、表層水取水装置により取水する水を三方弁へ送出するポンプと、水位計による検出結果に基づいてポンプを停止するポンプ制御部とを備える構成により、表層水に含まれる異物をフィルタ部材によって除去しながら淡水を取水している際に、このフィルタ部材よりも下流側に設けられ水位計により低水位が検出された場合、フィルタ部材が目詰まりしたと判断してポンプを停止することが可能となる。これにより、ポンプの空転による寿命低下を防止することができるとともに、フィルタ部材のメンテナンス時期を容易に判断することが可能となる。 (2) The surface water intake device has a filter member that removes foreign matters contained in the surface water, and a water level meter provided on the downstream side of the filter member. Further, water is taken in by the surface water intake device. A structure that includes a pump that sends water to the three-way valve and a pump control unit that stops the pump based on the detection result of the water level gauge, and removes fresh water while removing foreign substances contained in the surface water with a filter member. When a low water level is detected by a water level meter provided downstream from the filter member, it is possible to determine that the filter member is clogged and stop the pump. As a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the service life due to the idling of the pump, and it is possible to easily determine the maintenance time of the filter member.

（３）表層水取水装置の移動方向を上下方向のみに規制するガイドを備えるものであることによって、白波が立つ程の勢いで海から川へ水が上がってきた場合であっても、ガイドによって表層水取水装置の移動方向が上下方向のみに規制されることで、水の勢いに関係なく安定して取水を行うことが可能となる。 (3) By providing a guide that regulates the moving direction of the surface water intake device only in the up and down direction, even if water rises from the sea to the river with the momentum of white waves, the guide By restricting the moving direction of the surface water intake device only in the vertical direction, water can be stably taken regardless of the momentum of the water.

図１は本発明の実施の形態における淡水取水装置の構成を示す断面図、図２は図１の表層水取水装置の拡大断面図、図３は図２の表層水取水装置の平面図、図４は図１の淡水取水装置の制御ブロック図である。   1 is a cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a fresh water intake apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention, FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the surface water intake apparatus of FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the surface water intake apparatus of FIG. 4 is a control block diagram of the fresh water intake apparatus of FIG.

図１において、本発明の実施の形態における淡水取水装置１は、川Ｒの水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水する表層水取水装置２と、表層水取水装置２により取水した表層水を陸上まで導く取水管３と、取水管３に一方が接続された三方弁４と、三方弁４の一方に接続され、溜め池やクリーク等の貯水部Ｐへ導く注水管５と、三方弁４の一方に接続され、水を川Ｒへ戻す戻し管６と、三方弁４等を制御する制御盤７とを備える。   In FIG. 1, a fresh water intake device 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention takes water by a surface water intake device 2 that takes in surface water from a water surface to a predetermined depth following the water level of a river R, and a surface water intake device 2. An intake pipe 3 for guiding the surface water to the land, a three-way valve 4 connected to one of the intake pipes 3, and a water injection pipe 5 connected to one of the three-way valves 4 and leading to a reservoir P such as a reservoir or a creek The return pipe 6 is connected to one of the three-way valves 4 and returns water to the river R, and the control panel 7 controls the three-way valve 4 and the like.

図２および図３に示すように、表層水取水装置２は、筐体２０と、筐体２０を水に浮かせるための浮力を発生する浮力体２１と、筐体２０の四方に設けられた取水口２２の周りを囲うように設けられたフィルタ部材としての網状体２３と、網状体２３を介して取水口２２から筐体２０内に流入する表層水を取水管３へ送出する水中ポンプ２４と、筐体２０内に設けられた塩分計２５および水位計２６とを備える。   As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the surface water intake device 2 includes a housing 20, a buoyancy body 21 that generates buoyancy for floating the housing 20 in water, and water intake provided on four sides of the housing 20. A net-like body 23 as a filter member provided so as to surround the mouth 22; and a submersible pump 24 for sending surface water flowing into the housing 20 from the water intake 22 through the net-like body 23 to the water pipe 3. A salinity meter 25 and a water level meter 26 provided in the housing 20 are provided.

網状体２３は、表層水に含まれるごみや石等の異物を除去するものである。筐体２０は中央部分が下に凸状に形成されている。水中ポンプ２４は、下面側に吸水口２４ａを備えており、この吸水口２４ａは筐体２０の凸状部２０ａ内に挿入された状態である。網状体２３によって異物が除去された表層水は、筐体２０の四方の取水口２２から筐体２０内に入り、凸状部２０ａから水中ポンプ２４により吸い上げられ、取水管３へと送出される。なお、水中ポンプ２４と取水管３とは可撓性を有するホース８により接続されている。また、筐体２０には、表層水取水装置２の移動方向を上下方向のみに規制する上下動ガイド９が設けられている。   The net-like body 23 removes foreign matters such as dust and stones contained in the surface water. The casing 20 has a central portion that is convex downward. The submersible pump 24 includes a water inlet 24 a on the lower surface side, and the water inlet 24 a is inserted into the convex portion 20 a of the housing 20. The surface water from which foreign matter has been removed by the mesh body 23 enters the housing 20 through the four water intakes 22 of the housing 20, is sucked up by the submersible pump 24 from the convex portion 20 a, and is sent to the water intake pipe 3. . The submersible pump 24 and the intake pipe 3 are connected by a flexible hose 8. The casing 20 is provided with a vertical movement guide 9 that restricts the moving direction of the surface water intake device 2 only in the vertical direction.

塩分計２５は、網状体２３を介して吸引される表層水の塩分を検出するものである。水位計２６は筐体２０内の水位を検出するものである。図４に示すように、制御盤７は、塩分計２５の検出結果に基づいて三方弁４の流れ方向を注水管５または戻し管６へ制御する弁制御部７１と、水位計２６の検出結果に基づいて水中ポンプ２４の動作を停止するポンプ制御部７２とを有する。   The salinity meter 25 detects the salinity of the surface water sucked through the mesh body 23. The water level gauge 26 detects the water level in the housing 20. As shown in FIG. 4, the control panel 7 is configured to control the flow direction of the three-way valve 4 to the water injection pipe 5 or the return pipe 6 based on the detection result of the salinometer 25 and the detection result of the water level gauge 26. And a pump control unit 72 for stopping the operation of the submersible pump 24 based on the above.

上記構成の淡水取水装置１は以下のように動作する。
海の高さの変化により川の水位が変化する際、淡水取水装置１は上下動ガイド９によりその移動方向が上下方向のみに拘束されながら水位の上昇に追従する。ここで、水中ポンプ２４を動作させると、網状体２３によってごみや石等の異物が除去された表層水Ｗが水中ポンプ２４により吸い上げられ、ホース８および取水管３を介して三方弁４方向へと送出される。 The fresh water intake apparatus 1 having the above-described configuration operates as follows.
When the water level of the river changes due to a change in sea level, the fresh water intake device 1 follows up the water level while the moving direction of the fresh water intake device 1 is restricted only in the vertical direction. Here, when the submersible pump 24 is operated, the surface water W from which foreign substances such as dust and stones have been removed by the mesh body 23 is sucked up by the submersible pump 24 and travels in the direction of the three-way valve 4 through the hose 8 and the intake pipe 3. Is sent out.

このとき、塩分計２５により淡水取水装置１内に流入する表層水Ｗの塩分が規定量検出されない限りは、三方弁４の流れ方向が弁制御部７１により注水管５方向に制御されるので、淡水が貯水部Ｐへと注入される。そして、塩分計２５により淡水取水装置１内に流入する表層水Ｗの塩分が規定量以上検出された場合、三方弁４の流れ方向が弁制御部７２により戻し管６方向に制御されるので、この塩分を含む水は川Ｒへと戻される。   At this time, unless the salinity of the surface water W flowing into the fresh water intake device 1 is detected by the salinity meter 25, the flow direction of the three-way valve 4 is controlled by the valve control unit 71 in the direction of the water injection pipe 5. Fresh water is injected into the reservoir P. And, when the salinity of the surface water W flowing into the fresh water intake device 1 is detected by the salinity meter 25 over a specified amount, the flow direction of the three-way valve 4 is controlled by the valve control unit 72 in the direction of the return pipe 6, This salty water is returned to the river R.

このように本実施形態における淡水取水装置１では、川Ｒの水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水Ｗを取水し、塩分計２５により取水した表層水Ｗの塩分が検出されない場合には三方弁４により淡水を貯水部Ｐへ導き、取水した表層水Ｗの塩分が検出された場合には三方弁４により塩分を含む水を川Ｒへ戻すことができ、淡水のみを自動的に貯水部Ｐへ取水することができる。すなわち、本実施形態における淡水取水装置１では、淡水層と海水層との境界が明確ではなく、取水可能な淡水層の厚みおよび塩分濃度の変化が激しい河口域であっても安定して淡水を取水することが可能となる。   As described above, in the fresh water intake device 1 according to the present embodiment, the surface water W from the water surface to the predetermined depth is taken following the water level of the river R, and the salinity of the surface water W taken by the salinity meter 25 is not detected. The three-way valve 4 guides fresh water to the reservoir P, and when the salinity of the surface water W taken is detected, the three-way valve 4 can return the salt-containing water to the river R, and only fresh water is automatically used. Water can be taken into the water reservoir P. That is, in the fresh water intake device 1 in the present embodiment, the boundary between the fresh water layer and the sea water layer is not clear, and fresh water can be stably supplied even in the estuary where the thickness of the fresh water layer that can be taken and the change in salinity concentration are severe. Water can be taken.

また、本実施形態における淡水取水装置１では、表層水Ｗに含まれる異物を網状体２３によって除去しながら淡水を取水している際に、この網状体２３よりも下流側に設けられた水位計２６により低水位が検出された場合、網状体２３が目詰まりしたと判断して水中ポンプ２４を停止する。これにより、水中ポンプ２４の空転による寿命低下を防止することができるとともに、網状体２３のメンテナンス時期を容易に判断することが可能である。   Further, in the fresh water intake device 1 according to the present embodiment, when fresh water is taken in while removing foreign substances contained in the surface water W by the mesh body 23, a water level meter provided on the downstream side of the mesh body 23. When the low water level is detected by 26, it is determined that the mesh body 23 is clogged, and the submersible pump 24 is stopped. As a result, it is possible to prevent a decrease in life due to idling of the submersible pump 24, and it is possible to easily determine the maintenance time of the mesh body 23.

また、本実施形態における淡水取水装置１では、表層水取水装置２の移動方向を上下方向のみに規制する上下動ガイド９を備えるので、白波が立つ程の勢いで海から川へ水が上がってきた場合であっても、この上下動ガイド９によって表層水取水装置２の移動方向が上下方向のみに規制され、水の勢いに関係なく安定して取水を行うことが可能である。   Moreover, in the fresh water intake device 1 in this embodiment, since the vertical movement guide 9 which restricts the moving direction of the surface water intake device 2 only to an up-and-down direction is provided, water rises from the sea to a river with the momentum of a white wave rising. Even in this case, the moving direction of the surface water intake device 2 is restricted only in the vertical direction by the vertical movement guide 9, and it is possible to stably take water regardless of the momentum of the water.

本発明の淡水取水装置は、海水と淡水の比重差を利用して川の表層の淡水のみを取水する装置として有用である。   The fresh water intake device of the present invention is useful as a device that takes in only fresh water on the surface layer of a river using the specific gravity difference between seawater and fresh water.

本発明の実施の形態における淡水取水装置の構成を示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the structure of the fresh water intake device in embodiment of this invention. 図１の表層水取水装置の拡大断面図である。It is an expanded sectional view of the surface layer water intake apparatus of FIG. 図２の表層水取水装置の平面図である。It is a top view of the surface water intake apparatus of FIG. 図１の淡水取水装置の制御ブロック図である。It is a control block diagram of the fresh water intake device of FIG.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 淡水取水装置
２ 表層水取水装置
３ 取水管
４ 三方弁
５ 注水管
６ 戻し管
７ 制御盤
８ ホース
９ 上下動ガイド
２０ 筐体
２０ａ 凸状部
２１ 浮力体
２２ 取水口
２３ 網状体
２４ 水中ポンプ
２４ａ 吸水口
２５ 塩分計
２６ 水位計
７１ 弁制御部
７２ ポンプ制御部 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Fresh water intake device 2 Surface layer water intake device 3 Water intake pipe 4 Three-way valve 5 Water injection pipe 6 Return pipe 7 Control panel 8 Hose 9 Vertical motion guide 20 Housing | casing 20a Convex part 21 Buoyant body 22 Water intake 23 Net-like body 24 Submersible pump 24a Water inlet 25 Salinity meter 26 Water level meter 71 Valve control unit 72 Pump control unit

Claims (3)

海水と淡水の比重差を利用して川の表層の淡水のみを取水する淡水取水装置であって、
川の水位に追従して水面から所定深さまでの表層水を取水する表層水取水装置と、
前記表層水取水装置により取水した表層水の塩分を検出する塩分計と、
前記表層水取水装置により取水した表層水を、淡水を貯留する貯水部へ導く注水管または塩分を含む水を川へ戻す戻し管のいずれか一方にのみ流す三方弁と、
前記塩分計の検出結果に基づいて前記三方弁の流れ方向を制御する弁制御部と
を備える淡水取水装置。 A fresh water intake device that takes only fresh water from the surface layer of a river using the difference in specific gravity between seawater and fresh water,
A surface water intake device that follows the water level of the river and takes surface water from the water surface to a predetermined depth;
A salinity meter for detecting the salinity of surface water taken by the surface water intake device;
A three-way valve for flowing the surface layer water taken by the surface layer water intake device only to either the water injection pipe leading to the water storage section storing fresh water or the return pipe returning the salt water to the river;
A fresh water intake apparatus comprising: a valve control unit that controls a flow direction of the three-way valve based on a detection result of the salinity meter. 前記表層水取水装置は、前記表層水に含まれる異物を除去するフィルタ部材と、このフィルタ部材よりも下流側に設けられた水位計とを有するものであり、
さらに、前記表層水取水装置により取水する水を前記三方弁へ送出するポンプと、
前記水位計による検出結果に基づいて前記ポンプを停止するポンプ制御部と
を備える請求項１記載の淡水取水装置。 The surface water intake device has a filter member for removing foreign substances contained in the surface water, and a water level meter provided on the downstream side of the filter member,
Furthermore, a pump for sending water taken by the surface water intake device to the three-way valve;
The fresh water intake device according to claim 1, further comprising: a pump control unit that stops the pump based on a detection result by the water level gauge. 前記表層水取水装置の移動方向を上下方向のみに規制するガイドを備える請求項１または２に記載の淡水取水装置。   The fresh water intake apparatus of Claim 1 or 2 provided with the guide which controls the moving direction of the said surface layer water intake apparatus only to an up-down direction.
JP2007012977A 2007-01-23 2007-01-23 Fresh-water intake equipment Pending JP2008179956A (en)

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101071343B1 (en) 2008-12-19 2011-10-07 세메스 주식회사 An Apparatus for Processing Waste Requid and Method Thereof
KR101762830B1 (en) 2017-02-08 2017-07-28 주식회사 창운 Apparatus for Recovering Gravels and Sands from Waste Ready-Mixed Concrete
CN108036970A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-15 南京萃智水利科技有限公司 A kind of water quality detection superficial water effective sampling device and its manufacture and sampling method
CN114269693A (en) * 2019-09-24 2022-04-01 伊莱克福有限公司 Membrane purification device for liquid

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101071343B1 (en) 2008-12-19 2011-10-07 세메스 주식회사 An Apparatus for Processing Waste Requid and Method Thereof
KR101762830B1 (en) 2017-02-08 2017-07-28 주식회사 창운 Apparatus for Recovering Gravels and Sands from Waste Ready-Mixed Concrete
CN108036970A (en) * 2017-12-27 2018-05-15 南京萃智水利科技有限公司 A kind of water quality detection superficial water effective sampling device and its manufacture and sampling method
CN108036970B (en) * 2017-12-27 2023-08-18 南京萃智水利科技有限公司 High-efficiency surface water sampling device for water quality detection and manufacturing and sampling method thereof
CN114269693A (en) * 2019-09-24 2022-04-01 伊莱克福有限公司 Membrane purification device for liquid

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