JP2008174404A - Method and apparatus for producing artificial zeolite, waste water treatment method, waste water treatment apparatus - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for producing artificial zeolite, waste water treatment method, waste water treatment apparatus Download PDF

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JP2008174404A
JP2008174404A JP2007007257A JP2007007257A JP2008174404A JP 2008174404 A JP2008174404 A JP 2008174404A JP 2007007257 A JP2007007257 A JP 2007007257A JP 2007007257 A JP2007007257 A JP 2007007257A JP 2008174404 A JP2008174404 A JP 2008174404A
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zeolite
waste oil
fat
sodium silicate
surfactant
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JP5134821B2 (en
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Takeshi Kodaira
猛 小平
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  • Removal Of Specific Substances (AREA)
  • Water Treatment By Sorption (AREA)
  • Silicates, Zeolites, And Molecular Sieves (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an efficient treatment method of waste water containing oils and fats. <P>SOLUTION: The waste water treatment method comprises hydrolyzing the oils and fats by adding an alkali solution into the waste water (S200), further raising the concentration of the surfactant obtained by the hydrolysis to a micell-forming concentration, adding a sodium silicate to the water to be treated that contains the surfactant at a micell-forming concentration (S202), synthesizing kanemite having layered and honeycomb-shaped pores (S204), then carrying out an electrolytic treatment to partly replace the silicon atom of the sodium silicate with aluminium atom (S206), and then neutralizing by adding an acid solution to produce zeolite crystal involving impurities such as oils and fats (S208). Further it comprises subjecting the zeolite involving impurities such as oils and fats to solid-liquid separation (S210), and draining out the purified water (S212). <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、油脂を用いた人工ゼオライトの生成方法、生成装置および廃水処理方法、廃水処理装置に関するものである。   TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for producing artificial zeolite using fats and oils, a production apparatus, a wastewater treatment method, and a wastewater treatment apparatus.

業務用厨房からの廃水に含まれる生ゴミ、油脂および沈殿汚物（スカム）等の汚濁物質を分離収集し、汚濁物質を含む廃水を直接下水道に流さないように一時溜めておくための油脂分離装置として、グリストラップ（粗集器）の設置が昭和５０年に建設省公示第１５９７号により義務づけられている。また、具体的な排出基準は「水質汚濁防止法」等により規模しく規定されている。   Oil and fat separation equipment for separating and collecting pollutants such as garbage, fats and oils and sedimented filth (scum) contained in wastewater from commercial kitchens, and temporarily storing wastewater containing pollutants so that they do not flow directly into sewers As a result, the installation of a grease wrap (rough collector) is obligated by the Ministry of Construction Public Notice No. 1597 in 1975. In addition, specific emission standards are stipulated on a scale by the “Water Pollution Control Law” and the like.

通常、グリストラップ自体には、自浄能力を持たないため、グリストラップをそのまま放置すると、油脂等が腐敗して悪臭を発する。したがって、定期的な清掃が不可欠であるが、この定期的な清掃を行う作業者にとって、上記悪臭等は苦痛である。   Normally, the grease wrap itself does not have a self-cleaning ability. Therefore, if the grease wrap is left as it is, fats and oils rot and give off a bad odor. Therefore, periodic cleaning is indispensable, but the odor and the like are painful for workers who perform this periodic cleaning.

そこで、近年、グリストラップに浄化装置を付加したグリストラップ浄化装置が提案されている。例えば、特許文献１には、オゾンによる有機物の酸化分解をするとともに超音波振動により未分解物の沈殿を防止させる浄化方法が提案されている。また、特許文献２には、脂肪分解酵素を主剤とする生化学的洗浄薬剤を注入する厨房汚水処理装置が提案され、特許文献３には、油分を酵素の作用により分解させることを促進させるために曝気手段を制御するグリストラップの浄化システムが提案されている。また、特許文献４には、(1)乳化剤と(2)パイナップル酵素と、(3)タンパク分解酵素、澱粉分解酵素、植物繊維分解酵素および糖質分解酵素から選ばれる１または２以上の分解酵素を添加してＥＡレーションを行う官房廃水中の有機物を処理する方法が提案されている。   Therefore, in recent years, a grease trap purifying apparatus in which a purifier is added to the grease trap has been proposed. For example, Patent Document 1 proposes a purification method that oxidizes and decomposes organic substances with ozone and prevents precipitation of undecomposed substances by ultrasonic vibration. Patent Document 2 proposes a kitchen sewage treatment apparatus for injecting a biochemical cleaning agent mainly composed of a lipolytic enzyme, and Patent Document 3 promotes the decomposition of oil by the action of an enzyme. A cleaning system for grease trap that controls the aeration means has been proposed. Patent Document 4 discloses that (1) an emulsifier, (2) a pineapple enzyme, and (3) one or more degrading enzymes selected from proteolytic enzymes, starch degrading enzymes, plant fiber degrading enzymes, and carbohydrate degrading enzymes. There has been proposed a method for treating organic matter in government wastewater in which EA is added and EA is added.

特開２００６−１６９７２６号公報JP 2006-169726 A 特開２００４−２３７１８９号公報JP 2004-237189 A 特開２００３−２６６０６２号公報JP 2003-266062 A 特開２００５−１６９３１６号公報JP 2005-169316 A

グリストラップは、流入する廃水量に対し規模が小さいため、グリストラップの廃水の滞留時間は数時間と極めて短い。そのため、十分に廃水中の油脂等を分解して廃水を浄化することは難しい。   Since the grease trap has a small scale with respect to the amount of waste water flowing in, the residence time of the waste water in the grease trap is extremely short, several hours. Therefore, it is difficult to purify the wastewater by sufficiently decomposing the fats and oils in the wastewater.

そこで、本発明では、グリストラップ中の油脂を利用し人工ゼオライトを合成するとともに、該人工ゼオライトの結晶孔中に油脂を内包させて沈降させ、固液分離することにより廃水中の油脂分を除去可能な廃水処理方法、廃水処理装置および人工ゼオライトの生成方法、生成装置を提供する。   Therefore, in the present invention, the synthetic zeolite is synthesized using the fats and oils in the grease trap, and the fats and oils in the waste water are removed by solid-liquid separation by enclosing the fats and oils in the crystal pores of the artificial zeolite. Provided are a possible wastewater treatment method, a wastewater treatment device, a production method of artificial zeolite, and a production device.

本発明は、以下の特徴を有する。   The present invention has the following features.

（１）エステル結合を有する化合物を含有するアルカリ溶液中にオゾンを注入し界面活性剤を生成させ界面活性剤分子集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤とを含有する第１の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、前記第１の混合溶液に珪酸ナトリウムを添加し珪酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤分子集合体とを含有する第２の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、カソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極として前記第２の混合液に電圧を印加して格子状細孔形態を有するゼオライトを生成させゼオライト含有溶液を得る工程と、前記ゼオライト含有溶液を中和してゼオライト結晶を生成させる工程と、を有する人工ゼオライトの生成方法である。 (1) A step of generating a surfactant by injecting ozone into an alkaline solution containing a compound having an ester bond to form a first mixed solution containing a surfactant having a surfactant molecule assembly forming concentration. A step of adding sodium silicate to the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution containing sodium silicate and a surfactant molecular aggregate; a cathode as an aluminum electrode; and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum Applying a voltage to the second mixed solution to produce a zeolite having a lattice pore shape to obtain a zeolite-containing solution, and neutralizing the zeolite-containing solution to produce a zeolite crystal. It is the production method of the artificial zeolite which has.

（２）上記（１）に記載の人工ゼオライトの生成方法において、前記エステル結合を有する化合物が廃油脂である人工ゼオライトの生成方法である。   (2) The method for producing artificial zeolite according to (1) above, wherein the compound having an ester bond is waste oil.

（３）廃油脂を含有するアルカリ溶液中にオゾンを注入し界面活性剤を生成させ廃油脂の一部と界面活性剤分子集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤とを含有する第１の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、前記第１の混合溶液に珪酸ナトリウムを添加し廃油脂の一部と珪酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤分子集合体とを含有する第２の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、カソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極として前記第２の混合液に電圧を印加して格子状細孔形態を有するゼオライトを生成させゼオライト含有溶液を得る工程と、前記ゼオライト含有溶液を中和して廃油脂内包ゼオライト結晶を生成させる工程と、前記廃油脂内包ゼオライト結晶と水溶液とを固液分離する工程と、を有する廃水処理方法である。   (3) Ozone is injected into an alkaline solution containing waste oil and fat to produce a surfactant, and a first mixed solution containing a portion of the waste oil and fat and a surfactant with a surfactant molecular assembly forming concentration A step of generating, a step of adding sodium silicate to the first mixed solution to generate a second mixed solution containing a part of waste oil and fat, sodium silicate, and a surfactant molecule aggregate; Forming a zeolite-containing solution by applying a voltage to the second mixed solution using an electrode as an anode and a metal electrode other than aluminum to produce a zeolite having a lattice pore shape; and neutralizing the zeolite-containing solution A wastewater treatment method comprising: a step of generating waste oil-and-fat inclusion zeolite crystals; and a step of solid-liquid separation of the waste oil-and-fat inclusion zeolite crystals and an aqueous solution.

（４）油脂を含有するアルカリ溶液を貯留する貯留槽と、前記貯留槽にオゾンを注入するオゾン注入装置と、前記貯留槽に珪酸ナトリウムを添加する珪酸ナトリウム添加装置と、前記貯留槽に設けられカソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極とを有する電解処理装置と、電解処理後の溶液を中和するための酸を添加する酸添加装置と、得られたゼオライトを分離する固液分離手段と、を有する人工ゼオライトの生成装置である。   (4) A storage tank that stores an alkaline solution containing fats and oils, an ozone injection device that injects ozone into the storage tank, a sodium silicate addition device that adds sodium silicate to the storage tank, and the storage tank. Electrolytic treatment apparatus having a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum, an acid addition apparatus for adding an acid for neutralizing the solution after the electrolytic treatment, and solid-liquid separation for separating the obtained zeolite And an artificial zeolite production apparatus.

（５）廃油脂を含有するアルカリ溶液を貯留する貯留槽と、前記貯留槽にオゾンを注入するオゾン注入装置と、前記貯留槽に珪酸ナトリウムを添加する珪酸ナトリウム添加装置と、前記貯留槽に設けられカソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極とを有する電解処理装置と、電解処理後の溶液を中和するための酸を添加する酸添加装置と、得られた廃油脂内包ゼオライトを固液分離する固液分離手段と、を有する廃水処理装置である。   (5) A storage tank that stores an alkaline solution containing waste oil, an ozone injection device that injects ozone into the storage tank, a sodium silicate addition device that adds sodium silicate to the storage tank, and a storage tank An electrolytic treatment apparatus having a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum, an acid addition apparatus for adding an acid for neutralizing the solution after the electrolytic treatment, and the obtained waste oil-containing zeolite are solidified. And a solid-liquid separation means for liquid separation.

（６）上記（３）に記載の廃水処理方法および上記（５）に記載の廃水処理装置において、前記廃油脂は、少なくとも鉱物性由来の廃油脂、植物性由来の廃油脂、動物性由来の廃油脂を含む。   (6) In the wastewater treatment method according to (3) and the wastewater treatment apparatus according to (5), the waste oil / fat is at least a mineral-derived waste oil / fat, a vegetable-derived waste oil / fat, or an animal-derived waste oil / fat. Contains waste oil.

本発明によれば、廃水中の油脂を用いて十分に廃水中の油脂をゼオライトに吸着させて分離させ水質浄化させることができる。さらに、廃水中の油脂を用いて、多用途に利用可能なゼオライトを生成させることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the fats and oils in wastewater can fully be made to adsorb | suck to zeolite, and can be separated and purified by using the fats and oils in wastewater. Furthermore, the zeolite which can be used for many uses can be produced | generated using the fats and oils in wastewater.

以下に、本実施の形態における人工ゼオライトの生成方法および生成装置、廃水処理方法および廃水処理装置について、図面を用いて説明する。図１には、本実施の形態における廃水処理装置１００の構成の概要が示されている。なお、ここでは、排水処理装置の一例を説明するが、人工ゼオライト生成装置の一例も図１に示す構成を有することをいうまでもない。なお、本発明の「エステル結合を有する化合物」は、脂肪酸を含有する化合物を含み、油脂も含む意味である。また、本実施の形態における「油脂」は、鉱物由来の油脂、植物由来の油脂、動物由来の油脂を含む。また、本実施の形態における「廃油脂」は、鉱物由来の廃油脂、植物由来の廃油脂、動物由来の廃油脂を含む。   Below, the production | generation method and production | generation apparatus of the artificial zeolite in this Embodiment, a wastewater treatment method, and a wastewater treatment apparatus are demonstrated using drawing. FIG. 1 shows an outline of the configuration of the wastewater treatment apparatus 100 in the present embodiment. In addition, although an example of a waste water treatment apparatus is demonstrated here, it cannot be overemphasized that an example of an artificial zeolite production | generation apparatus also has the structure shown in FIG. In addition, the “compound having an ester bond” in the present invention includes a compound containing a fatty acid and also includes fats and oils. In addition, the “fat” in the present embodiment includes mineral-derived fats, plant-derived fats and oils, and animal-derived fats. The “waste oil / fat” in the present embodiment includes mineral-derived waste oil / fat, plant-derived waste oil / fat, and animal-derived waste oil / fat.

図１に示すように、業務用厨房からの廃水に含まれる生ゴミ、油脂および沈殿汚物（スカム）等の汚濁物質を分離収集するためのグリストラップ１０には、業務用厨房などから排出される廃水が流入する流入口１２と、浄化処理後の浄化水を排出させる排出口１４と、グリストラップ１０の固形分および後述するゼオライトを排出するための固形物排出口１６を有する。さらに、グリストラップ１０は三層構造を有し、第１層には、大型ゴミを受ける金網かご１８が設けられ、第２層には、油脂分と汚物の分離を行う層であって沈殿物と上澄みとに分離される。第３層では、上澄みの水がフィルタにより濾別され排出可能な水質の排水にする層である。ここで、フィルタは固液分離手段に相当する。   As shown in FIG. 1, the grease trap 10 for separating and collecting pollutants such as raw garbage, fats and oils and sedimented scum (scum) contained in the wastewater from the commercial kitchen is discharged from the commercial kitchen or the like. It has the inflow port 12 into which wastewater flows, the discharge port 14 which discharges | purifies the purified water after a purification process, and the solid substance discharge port 16 for discharging | emitting solid content of the grease trap 10 and the zeolite mentioned later. Further, the grease strap 10 has a three-layer structure, the first layer is provided with a wire mesh cage 18 for receiving large-sized dust, and the second layer is a layer for separating oil and fat and filth, and precipitates And the supernatant. In the third layer, the supernatant water is separated by a filter to form a drainage of water quality that can be discharged. Here, the filter corresponds to solid-liquid separation means.

また、グリストラップ１０の底部には、被処理水４０のエアレーションを兼ねてオゾンを放出するオゾン放出部２４が設けられ、オゾン放出部２４は、オゾン発生装置２０から流量調整器２２を介してオゾンが供給される。また、制御部７０は、流量調整器２２を調節してグリストラップ１０へ供給されるオゾン量を調整するために、流量調整器２２と信号のやり取りを行っている。ここで、オゾン放出部２４、オゾン発生装置２０から流量調整器２２は、オゾン注入装置に相当する。   The bottom of the grease wrap 10 is provided with an ozone release part 24 that releases ozone while also serving as aeration of the water to be treated 40, and the ozone release part 24 is supplied from the ozone generator 20 via the flow rate regulator 22. Is supplied. In addition, the control unit 70 exchanges signals with the flow rate regulator 22 in order to adjust the flow rate regulator 22 and adjust the amount of ozone supplied to the grease trap 10. Here, the flow controller 22 from the ozone discharge part 24 and the ozone generator 20 corresponds to an ozone injection device.

アルカリ溶液が貯留されたアルカリ溶液貯留槽６２と、上水を貯留した上水貯留槽６４と酸溶液を貯留した酸溶液貯留槽６６が設けられ、アルカリ溶液、上水および酸溶液のそれぞれのグリストラップ１０への添加およびその流量は、それぞれ電磁弁５２，５４，５６の開閉および開閉度合いによって調節され、これらの溶液は吐出口６８ａ，６８ｂから被処理水に対し吐出される。さらに、電磁弁７２，７４の開閉により吐出口６８ａ，６８ｂのいずれか又は両方より上記溶液が被処理水に添加される。上記電磁弁５２，５４，５６，７２，７４は制御部７０によりその開閉が制御される。また、上記アルカリ溶液貯留槽６２に貯留される溶液は、アルカリ金属水酸化物が好ましく、例えば水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を用いることができる。また、上記酸溶液貯留槽６６に貯留される溶液は、無機酸、有機酸、鉱物酸のいずれでも良いが、好ましくは塩酸水溶液、硫酸水溶液である。なお、硫酸水溶液を用いた場合には、中和塩が沈殿するため、後工程処理が容易になるという利点がある。   There are provided an alkaline solution storage tank 62 in which an alkaline solution is stored, an upper water storage tank 64 in which upper water is stored, and an acid solution storage tank 66 in which an acid solution is stored. The addition to the strap 10 and the flow rate thereof are adjusted by the opening / closing and opening / closing degrees of the electromagnetic valves 52, 54, 56, respectively, and these solutions are discharged from the discharge ports 68a, 68b to the water to be treated. Furthermore, the solution is added to the water to be treated from one or both of the discharge ports 68a and 68b by opening and closing the electromagnetic valves 72 and 74. The electromagnetic valves 52, 54, 56, 72 and 74 are controlled to be opened and closed by the control unit 70. The solution stored in the alkali solution storage tank 62 is preferably an alkali metal hydroxide, and for example, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution can be used. The solution stored in the acid solution storage tank 66 may be any of an inorganic acid, an organic acid, and a mineral acid, but is preferably an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution or an aqueous sulfuric acid solution. In addition, when sulfuric acid aqueous solution is used, since neutralized salt precipitates, there exists an advantage that a post-process process becomes easy.

また、グリストラップ１０には、被処理水のｐＨを測定するｐＨ測定器５０が複数個配設され、ｐＨ測定器５０からのｐＨ測定値の信号が制御部７０に送られる。このｐＨ値の信号に応じて、制御部７０は電磁弁５２，５４，５６の開閉を調節する。   Further, the grease trap 10 is provided with a plurality of pH measuring devices 50 for measuring the pH of the water to be treated, and a pH measurement value signal from the pH measuring device 50 is sent to the control unit 70. In response to this pH value signal, the controller 70 adjusts the opening and closing of the solenoid valves 52, 54, and 56.

珪酸ナトリウム水溶液が貯留された珪酸ナトリウム貯留槽８０から、ポンプ８２を介して珪酸ナトリウム水溶液がグリストラップ１０に添加される。制御部７０は、ポンプ８２の流量を制御する。また、ここで、珪酸ナトリウム貯留槽８０およびポンプ８２は、珪酸ナトリウム添加装置に相当する。   The sodium silicate aqueous solution is added to the grease trap 10 through the pump 82 from the sodium silicate storage tank 80 in which the sodium silicate aqueous solution is stored. The control unit 70 controls the flow rate of the pump 82. Here, the sodium silicate reservoir 80 and the pump 82 correspond to a sodium silicate addition device.

また、グリストラップ１０の第２層には、電解処理装置が設けられ、カソードをアルミニウム電極３２ａとしアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極３２ｂとが直流電源３０にそれぞれ電気的に接続されている。ここで、上記金属電極３２ｂとして、例えばステンレスからなる金属電極を用いてもよい。   The second layer of the grease strap 10 is provided with an electrolytic processing apparatus, and the cathode is an aluminum electrode 32a and the anode is electrically connected to a DC power source 30 with a metal electrode 32b other than aluminum. Here, for example, a metal electrode made of stainless steel may be used as the metal electrode 32b.

次に、本実施の形態における廃水処理装置１００の動作について、図１、図９を用い、適宜図３から図８，１０を用いて以下に説明する。まず、業務用厨房などから排出される廃水を流入口１２よりグリストラップ１０に流入させ、大きなゴミは金網かご１８により捕捉され、一方、制御部７０により制御して電磁弁５２，７２を開、電磁弁５４，５６，７４を閉として、アルカリ溶液貯留槽６２から水酸化ナトリウム水溶液が吐出口６８ａからグリストラップ１０の第１，２層内の被処理水４０に添加される。第１層のｐＨを測定するｐＨ測定器５０からのｐＨ測定値の信号が制御部７０に送られ、アルカリ性になっていることを確認しながら、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液が添加される。これらと同時またはあとに、制御部７０により制御して、オゾン発生装置２０から流量調整器２２を介してオゾンが、グリストラップ１０の各層内にエアレーションさせながら投入される。これにより、廃水中の油脂は、水酸化ナトリウムにより加水分解され（Ｓ２００）、図３に示すように脂肪酸（石けん）とグリセリンに分解されるとともに、図２に示すように、オゾンにより油脂分解が連続的に進行し、被処理水４０中に界面活性剤が生成する。ここで、図２に示す「・」は活性状態を表し、「ＨＯ・」は活性かされた水酸基であり、「ヒドロキシラジカル」といわれる。上記加水分解の被処理水の状態は、図１０の「油脂加水分解」の状態である。   Next, the operation of the wastewater treatment apparatus 100 according to the present embodiment will be described below with reference to FIGS. 1 to 9 and FIGS. 3 to 8 and 10 as appropriate. First, waste water discharged from a commercial kitchen or the like is caused to flow into the grease wrap 10 through the inlet 12, and large garbage is captured by the wire mesh cage 18, while the electromagnetic valves 52 and 72 are opened by being controlled by the control unit 70. The electromagnetic valves 54, 56, and 74 are closed, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added from the alkaline solution storage tank 62 to the water to be treated 40 in the first and second layers of the grease trap 10 from the discharge port 68a. A pH measurement value signal from the pH measuring device 50 for measuring the pH of the first layer is sent to the controller 70, and an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution is added while confirming that the pH is alkaline. At the same time or after that, the ozone is introduced into each layer of the grease wrap 10 while being aerated through the flow rate regulator 22 controlled by the controller 70. As a result, the fats and oils in the wastewater are hydrolyzed by sodium hydroxide (S200), decomposed into fatty acid (soap) and glycerin as shown in FIG. 3, and also decomposed by ozone as shown in FIG. It progresses continuously and a surfactant is generated in the water to be treated 40. Here, “·” shown in FIG. 2 represents an active state, and “HO ·” is an activated hydroxyl group, which is called a “hydroxy radical”. The state of the water to be treated for hydrolysis is the state of “oil hydrolysis” in FIG.

図４に示すように、油脂の加水分解によって生成した界面活性剤は、１分子中に、炭素鎖長を有する疎水基（油などの有機物に可溶性を示す官能基）とカルボキシル基とを有する親水基（水に可溶性を示す官能基）とをそれぞれ有し、図５に示すように、疎水基同士が集合し一方親水基が水溶液側に位置するように、界面活性剤が水溶液中に放射状に界面活性剤分子集合体（ミセル）を形成する。そして、臨界ミセル濃度（ｃｒｉｔｉｃａｌ ｍｉｃｅｌｌｅ ｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎ：ＣＭＣ）以上で、ミセルが形成される。このミセルの内部に、場合によっては（廃）油脂の一部が含まれていても良い。本実施の形態では、上記ＣＭＣ以上の界面活性剤濃度になるまで、廃水と水酸化ナトリウム水溶液とオゾンを添加する。これにより、界面活性剤集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤を含有し場合によっては（廃）油脂の一部を含む第１の混合溶液が得られる。   As shown in FIG. 4, the surfactant produced by the hydrolysis of fats and oils is a hydrophilic group having a hydrophobic group having a carbon chain length (functional group that is soluble in organic substances such as oil) and a carboxyl group in one molecule. Group (functional group that is soluble in water), and as shown in FIG. 5, the surfactant is radiated in the aqueous solution so that the hydrophobic groups are gathered and the hydrophilic group is located on the aqueous solution side. A surfactant molecule aggregate (micelle) is formed. A micelle is formed at a critical micelle concentration (CMC) or higher. Depending on the case, a part of (waste) fats and oils may be contained in the micelle. In the present embodiment, waste water, an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and ozone are added until the surfactant concentration becomes equal to or higher than the CMC. Thereby, the 1st mixed solution which contains surfactant of surfactant aggregate formation density | concentration and contains a part of (waste) fats and oils depending on the case is obtained.

次に、制御部７０により制御して、ポンプ８２を用いて珪酸ナトリウム貯留槽８０より珪酸ナトリウム水溶液がグリストラップ１０の第１層に添加される（Ｓ２０２）。これにより、グリストラップ１０の第１層には、図６に示す層状珪酸塩である「カネマイト」が合成され（Ｓ２０４）、界面活性剤分子集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤と珪酸ナトリウムとを含有する第２の混合溶液が得られる。この第２の混合溶液において、図６に示すようにミセル芯にカネマイトが結合した層状で格子状の細孔、例えば蜂の巣状細孔を有する珪酸ナトリウムが形成される。ここで、珪酸ナトリウム水溶液は、図１０に示す「水ガラス作成」に示すような透明溶液である。また、図６で得られるカネマイトが合成された被処理水の状態は、図１０の「電気反応によるカネマイト合成」に示す通りである。以下、格子状の細孔が蜂の巣状細孔であるものを例に挙げて説明する。   Next, under the control of the control unit 70, a sodium silicate aqueous solution is added to the first layer of the grease wrap 10 from the sodium silicate reservoir 80 using the pump 82 (S202). As a result, the first layer of grease trap 10 is synthesized with “kanemite”, which is a layered silicate shown in FIG. 6 (S204), and contains surfactant and sodium silicate at a surfactant molecular assembly forming concentration. A second mixed solution is obtained. In this second mixed solution, as shown in FIG. 6, sodium silicate having layered lattice-like pores, for example, honeycomb-like pores, in which kanemite is bonded to the micelle core is formed. Here, the sodium silicate aqueous solution is a transparent solution as shown in “Create water glass” shown in FIG. Further, the state of the water to be treated in which the kanemite obtained in FIG. 6 is synthesized is as shown in “Synthesis of kanemite by electric reaction” in FIG. Hereinafter, the case where the lattice-like pores are honeycomb-like pores will be described as an example.

次に、上記第２の混合溶液は第２層に移行し、第２層のｐＨ測定器５０からのｐＨ測定値の信号に基づいて、制御部７０においてアルカリ性であることを確認しながらが、制御部７０によりを制御して、直流電源３０を用いて、アルミニウム電極３２ａと金属電極３２ｂとに例えば１２Ｖ付近の電圧を印加する（Ｓ２０６）。これにより、図７にも示すように、カソードのアルミニウム電極３２ａよりアルミニウムが第２の混合溶液に溶け出し、以下に示す反応が起こり、上記蜂の巣状の細孔を有する珪酸ナトリウムの珪素原子の一部がアルミニウム原子に置き換わり、アルミン酸ナトリウム（ＮａＡｌＯ２）となる。
２Ａｌ＋２ＮａＯＨ＋２Ｈ２Ｏ→２ＮａＡｌＯ２＋３Ｈ２↑ Next, the second mixed solution moves to the second layer, and while confirming that it is alkaline in the control unit 70 based on the pH measurement value signal from the pH measuring device 50 of the second layer, The controller 70 is controlled to apply a voltage of, for example, about 12 V to the aluminum electrode 32a and the metal electrode 32b using the DC power source 30 (S206). As a result, as shown in FIG. 7, aluminum is dissolved into the second mixed solution from the aluminum electrode 32a of the cathode, and the following reaction occurs, and one silicon atom of sodium silicate having the honeycomb-shaped pores is generated. The part is replaced with aluminum atoms, resulting in sodium aluminate (NaAlO 2 ).
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H 2 O → 2NaAlO 2 + 3H 2 ↑

次に、制御部７０により、電磁弁５２を閉じ、電磁弁５４を開け、上水貯留槽６４から上水を流し配管中のアルカリ溶液をグリストラップ１０中に押し流す。   Next, the electromagnetic valve 52 is closed and the electromagnetic valve 54 is opened by the control unit 70, and clean water is poured from the clean water storage tank 64 to push the alkaline solution in the piping into the grease trap 10.

次いで、蜂の巣状細孔を有するアルミン酸ナトリウムとその細孔中に界面活性剤のミセルおよび場合によっては（廃）油脂が内包されている被処理水４０を第３層に移行させ、第３層のｐＨ測定器５０からのｐＨ信号に基づき、制御部７０を用いて、電磁弁５２，５４，７２を閉、電磁弁５６，７４を開とし、酸溶液貯留槽６６より塩酸水溶液を吐出口６８ｂから第３槽に添加して、被処理水４０を中和する（Ｓ２０８）。これにより、アルミン酸ナトリウム（ＮａＡｌＯ２）は図８に示す構造のゼオライトの結晶となる。図８に示すように、ゼオライトは、アルミニウム結合手がシリカゲルの珪素より１つ少ないため、酸素原子の一つが結合できずに、マイナスイオンになっている。このため、ゼオライトは、陽イオン（カチオン）と結合しやすく、またゼオライトの結晶はかご状構造を有し、このかごの中に中性分子（イオン化していない分子）を取り込むことができることから、凝集剤として利用することができる。このときの処理水の状態は、図１０に示す「水和反応」に示す通りである。 Next, sodium aluminate having honeycomb-shaped pores, surfactant micelles in the pores, and, in some cases, (waste) fats and oils to be treated 40 are transferred to the third layer, and the third layer On the basis of the pH signal from the pH measuring device 50, the control unit 70 is used to close the electromagnetic valves 52, 54, 72, open the electromagnetic valves 56, 74, and discharge the hydrochloric acid aqueous solution from the acid solution storage tank 66 to the discharge port 68b. To the third tank to neutralize the water to be treated 40 (S208). Thus, sodium aluminate (NaAlO 2 ) becomes zeolite crystals having the structure shown in FIG. As shown in FIG. 8, since zeolite has one less aluminum bond than silicon in silica gel, one of the oxygen atoms cannot be bonded and is a negative ion. For this reason, zeolite easily binds to cations (cations), and the zeolite crystals have a cage structure, and neutral molecules (non-ionized molecules) can be taken into this cage. It can be used as a flocculant. The state of the treated water at this time is as shown in the “hydration reaction” shown in FIG.

上記中和において中性、たとえばｐＨ７．５以下ｐＨ６．５以上になるように維持することが好ましい。この中性領域において、ミセルを形成していた油脂由来の界面活性剤と上述の加水分解により生成したグリセリンとがエステル結合して油脂に戻るが、この油脂はゼオライト結晶の細孔に内包された状態で存在し、密度の差から、油脂内包ゼオライト結晶は沈降または沈殿する。また、中性域においてゼオライトは、上述したようにマイナス電荷を有するため、廃水中の金属イオンを吸着することもでき、さらにかご状構成のゼオライトのかご内に他の廃水中の不純物も捕捉される。なお、ｐＨが酸性域になると、ゼオライトの体積が増加して、密度が減少して浮遊してしまうため、ｐＨを中性域に保つように制御部７０により制御する。   It is preferable to maintain neutrality in the neutralization, for example, pH 7.5 or less and pH 6.5 or more. In this neutral region, the surfactant derived from fats and oils that formed micelles and the glycerin produced by the hydrolysis described above ester-bonded to return to fats and oils, but these fats and oils were encapsulated in the pores of the zeolite crystals. Due to the difference in density, the fat-and-oil-containing zeolite crystals are precipitated or precipitated. In addition, since the zeolite has a negative charge as described above in the neutral range, it can also adsorb metal ions in the wastewater, and impurities in other wastewater are also trapped in the cage-shaped zeolite cage. The When the pH is in the acidic range, the volume of the zeolite increases and the density decreases and floats. Therefore, the control unit 70 controls the pH so as to maintain the neutral range.

次に、第３層のフィルタ（図示せず）を用いて固液分離を行い（Ｓ２１０）、浄化された処理水を排出口１４より排水し、固形物排出口１６より油脂等を内包し不純物を吸着したゼオライトを排出される（Ｓ２１２）。固液分離された浄化された処理水は、図１０に示す「分離」に示すように透明清浄な溶液となっている。   Next, solid-liquid separation is performed using a third-layer filter (not shown) (S210), and the purified treated water is drained from the discharge port 14, and oil and fat are contained in the solid matter discharge port 16 to contain impurities. The zeolite having adsorbed is discharged (S212). The purified treated water that has been subjected to solid-liquid separation is a transparent and clean solution as shown in “Separation” shown in FIG.

なお、処理水は、中和により塩化ナトリウムを含むが、フィルタを適宜選定して塩化ナトリウムを捕捉してもよい。また、排出された不純物等を吸着・内包したゼオライトはそのまま廃棄または焼却してもよいが、適宜洗浄し清浄したゼオライトを他用途に用いてもよい。   The treated water contains sodium chloride by neutralization, but the filter may be appropriately selected to capture sodium chloride. Further, the zeolite adsorbed and encapsulated in the discharged impurities may be discarded or incinerated as it is, but the zeolite that has been cleaned and cleaned as appropriate may be used for other purposes.

以上、業務用厨房からの廃水処理を例に挙げて説明したが、これに限るものではなく、エステル結合を有する化合物、例えば油脂が排水中に混入する産業全てに、同様に、本実施の形態の廃水処理方法、廃水処理装置および人工ゼオライトの生成方法、生成装置を適用することができる。   As described above, the waste water treatment from commercial kitchens has been described as an example. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and this embodiment similarly applies to all industries in which compounds having ester bonds, for example, fats and oils are mixed in waste water. The wastewater treatment method, wastewater treatment apparatus, artificial zeolite production method, and production apparatus can be applied.

本発明の廃水処理方法および処理装置は、油脂を含む廃水処理用途に特に有用であり、また、人工ゼオライトの生成方法および生成装置は、ゼオライトを利用する用途に有用である。   The wastewater treatment method and treatment apparatus of the present invention are particularly useful for wastewater treatment applications including fats and oils, and the artificial zeolite production method and production apparatus are useful for applications utilizing zeolite.

実施形態における廃水処理装置の一例の構成の概要を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the outline | summary of a structure of an example of the wastewater treatment apparatus in embodiment. オゾンによる油脂分解反応を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the fats and oils decomposition reaction by ozone. 油脂の加水分解を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining hydrolysis of fats and oils. 界面活性剤の構造の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the structure of surfactant. 界面活性剤によるミセル形成を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the micelle formation by surfactant. カネマイトから蜂の巣状細孔構造のシリカゲルの形成工程を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the formation process of the silica gel of a honeycomb-like pore structure from kanemite. 電解処理工程を説明する模式図である。It is a schematic diagram explaining an electrolytic treatment process. ゼオライトの構造を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the structure of a zeolite. 本実施の形態における廃水処理方法の工程の一例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows an example of the process of the wastewater treatment method in this Embodiment. 本実施の形態における廃水処理工程毎の処理水を撮影した写真である。It is the photograph which image | photographed the treated water for every waste water treatment process in this Embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０ グリストラップ、１２ 流入口、１４ 排出口、１６ 固形物排出口、２０ オゾン発生装置、２２ 流量調整器、２４ オゾン放出部、３０ 直流電源、３２ａ アルミニウム電極、３２ｂ 金属電極、４０ 被処理水、５０ ｐＨ測定器、５２，５４，５６，７２，７４ 電磁弁、６２ アルカリ溶液貯留槽、６４ 上水貯留槽、６６ 酸溶液貯留槽、６８ａ，６８ｂ 吐出口、７０ 制御部、８０ 珪酸ナトリウム貯留槽、８２ ポンプ、１００ 廃水処理装置。   10 grease trap, 12 inlet, 14 outlet, 16 solid outlet, 20 ozone generator, 22 flow regulator, 24 ozone discharger, 30 DC power supply, 32a aluminum electrode, 32b metal electrode, 40 water to be treated, 50 pH meter, 52, 54, 56, 72, 74 Solenoid valve, 62 Alkaline solution storage tank, 64 Water storage tank, 66 Acid solution storage tank, 68a, 68b Discharge port, 70 Control unit, 80 Sodium silicate storage tank , 82 Pump, 100 Wastewater treatment equipment.

Claims (7)

エステル結合を有する化合物を含有するアルカリ溶液中にオゾンを注入し界面活性剤を生成させ、界面活性剤分子集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤とを含有する第１の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、
前記第１の混合溶液に珪酸ナトリウムを添加し、珪酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤分子集合体とを含有する第２の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、
カソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極として前記第２の混合液に電圧を印加して格子状細孔形態を有するゼオライトを生成させゼオライト含有溶液を得る工程と、
前記ゼオライト含有溶液を中和してゼオライト結晶を生成させる工程と、
を有することを特徴とする人工ゼオライトの生成方法。 Injecting ozone into an alkaline solution containing a compound having an ester bond to produce a surfactant, and producing a first mixed solution containing a surfactant having a concentration of a surfactant molecule assembly; and
Adding sodium silicate to the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution containing sodium silicate and a surfactant molecule aggregate;
Applying a voltage to the second mixed solution by using a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum to produce zeolite having a lattice-like pore form to obtain a zeolite-containing solution;
Neutralizing the zeolite-containing solution to produce zeolite crystals;
A method for producing an artificial zeolite, comprising: 請求項１に記載の人工ゼオライトの生成方法において、
前記エステル結合を有する化合物が廃油脂であることを特徴とする人工ゼオライトの生成方法。 The method for producing an artificial zeolite according to claim 1,
A method for producing an artificial zeolite, wherein the compound having an ester bond is waste oil or fat. 廃油脂を含有するアルカリ溶液中にオゾンを注入し界面活性剤を生成させ、廃油脂の一部と界面活性剤分子集合体形成濃度の界面活性剤とを含有する第１の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、
前記第１の混合溶液に珪酸ナトリウムを添加し、廃油脂の一部と珪酸ナトリウムと界面活性剤分子集合体とを含有する第２の混合溶液を生成させる工程と、
カソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極として前記第２の混合液に電圧を印加して格子状細孔形態を有するゼオライトを生成させゼオライト含有溶液を得る工程と、
前記ゼオライト含有溶液を中和して廃油脂内包ゼオライト結晶を生成させる工程と、
前記廃油脂内包ゼオライト結晶と水溶液とを固液分離する工程と、
を有することを特徴とする廃水処理方法。 Ozone is injected into an alkaline solution containing waste oil and fat to produce a surfactant, and a first mixed solution containing a part of the waste oil and fat and a surfactant having a surfactant molecular assembly forming concentration is produced. Process,
Adding sodium silicate to the first mixed solution to form a second mixed solution containing a part of waste oil and fat, sodium silicate and a surfactant molecular aggregate;
Applying a voltage to the second mixed solution by using a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum to produce zeolite having a lattice-like pore form to obtain a zeolite-containing solution;
Neutralizing the zeolite-containing solution to produce waste oil-containing zeolite crystals;
A step of solid-liquid separation of the waste oil-containing zeolite crystals and the aqueous solution;
A wastewater treatment method characterized by comprising: エステル結合を有する化合物を含有するアルカリ溶液を貯留する貯留槽と、
前記貯留槽にオゾンを注入するオゾン注入装置と、
前記貯留槽に珪酸ナトリウムを添加する珪酸ナトリウム添加装置と、
前記貯留槽に設けられカソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極とを有する電解処理装置と、
電解処理後の溶液を中和するための酸を添加する酸添加装置と、
得られたゼオライトを分離する固液分離手段と、
を有することを特徴とする人工ゼオライトの生成装置。 A storage tank for storing an alkaline solution containing a compound having an ester bond;
An ozone injection device for injecting ozone into the storage tank;
A sodium silicate addition device for adding sodium silicate to the storage tank;
An electrolytic treatment apparatus provided in the storage tank and having a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum;
An acid addition device for adding an acid for neutralizing the solution after the electrolytic treatment;
Solid-liquid separation means for separating the obtained zeolite;
An artificial zeolite production apparatus characterized by comprising: 廃油脂を含有するアルカリ溶液を貯留する貯留槽と、
前記貯留槽にオゾンを注入するオゾン注入装置と、
前記貯留槽に珪酸ナトリウムを添加する珪酸ナトリウム添加装置と、
前記貯留槽に設けられカソードをアルミニウム電極としアノードをアルミニウム以外の金属電極とを有する電解処理装置と、
電解処理後の溶液を中和するための酸を添加する酸添加装置と、
得られた廃油脂内包ゼオライトを固液分離する固液分離手段と、
を有することを特徴とする廃水処理装置。 A storage tank for storing an alkaline solution containing waste oil and fat;
An ozone injection device for injecting ozone into the storage tank;
A sodium silicate addition device for adding sodium silicate to the storage tank;
An electrolytic treatment apparatus provided in the storage tank and having a cathode as an aluminum electrode and an anode as a metal electrode other than aluminum;
An acid addition device for adding an acid for neutralizing the solution after the electrolytic treatment;
Solid-liquid separation means for solid-liquid separation of the obtained waste oil-containing zeolite,
A wastewater treatment apparatus characterized by comprising: 請求項３に記載の廃水処理方法において、
前記廃油脂は、少なくとも鉱物性由来の廃油脂、植物性由来の廃油脂、動物性由来の廃油脂を含むことを特徴とする廃水処理方法。 The wastewater treatment method according to claim 3,
The waste oil / fat comprises at least a mineral-derived waste oil / fat, a vegetable-derived waste oil / fat, and an animal-derived waste oil / fat. 請求項５に記載の廃水処理装置において、
前記廃油脂は、少なくとも鉱物性由来の廃油脂、植物性由来の廃油脂、動物性由来の廃油脂を含むことを特徴とする廃水処理装置。 In the wastewater treatment apparatus according to claim 5,
The waste oil / fat includes at least mineral-derived waste oil / fat, vegetable-derived waste oil / fat, and animal-derived waste oil / fat.
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CN108383215A (en) * 2017-06-14 2018-08-10 湖南永清环保研究院有限责任公司 A kind of wastewater treatment method

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