JP2008125115A - Composite antenna - Google Patents

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JP2008125115A
JP2008125115A JP2007331127A JP2007331127A JP2008125115A JP 2008125115 A JP2008125115 A JP 2008125115A JP 2007331127 A JP2007331127 A JP 2007331127A JP 2007331127 A JP2007331127 A JP 2007331127A JP 2008125115 A JP2008125115 A JP 2008125115A
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antenna
conductor
frequency band
composite
band
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JP4192202B2 (en
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Nobuo Murofushi
信男 室伏
Koichi Sano
貢一 佐野
Yasuhito Kichi
保仁 喜地
Yasuo Matsumoto
泰夫 松本
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Toshiba TEC Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain a composite antenna which operates not only at a high-frequency band used for a radio wave system, but also at a low-frequency band used in electromagnetic induction systems. <P>SOLUTION: The composite antenna comprises a first antenna which operates at a first frequency band, utilized for a radio wave system of a UHF band or a 2.45 GHz band and is a patch antenna in which a radiation conductor and a grounding conductor are provided on one surface and on the other surface, respectively, a second antenna which operates at a second frequency band utilized for an electromagnetic induction system which uses a frequency band lower than a first frequency band and has a coil-shaped conductor, and a holding member consisting of a dielectric that integrally holds the first antenna and the second antenna, wherein the thicknesses of the radiation conductor layer and the grounding conductor layer which are the conductor layers forming the first antenna are made smaller than the skin depth, through which the current of the second frequency band flows, and the thickness of the conductor layer that forms the second antenna is made larger than the skin depth, through which the current of the second frequency band flows. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、異なる複数の周波数帯で動作する複合アンテナに関する。   The present invention relates to a composite antenna that operates in a plurality of different frequency bands.

従来、異なる複数の周波数帯で動作する複合アンテナとしては、誘電体基板上に１．５ＧＨｚ帯用の円偏波ループアンテナを形成するとともに、ほぼ同一軸上に５．８ＧＨｚ帯用の方形パッチアンテナを形成してなる複合アンテナ等がある（例えば、特許文献１参照）。
特開２００３−１５２４４５号公報 Conventionally, as a composite antenna that operates in a plurality of different frequency bands, a circularly polarized loop antenna for 1.5 GHz band is formed on a dielectric substrate, and a rectangular patch antenna for 5.8 GHz band on substantially the same axis. (For example, refer to Patent Document 1).
JP 2003-152445 A

ところで近年、無線を利用した自動認識技術として、ＲＦＩＤ（Radio Frequency Identification）システムが知られている。ＲＦＩＤシステムは、リーダ・ライタ等と呼ばれる質問器と、ＲＦＩＤタグ等と呼ばれる応答器との間で無線通信を行う。その際の伝送方式としては、交流磁界によるコイルの相互誘導を利用した電磁結合方式の他、周波数として１３５ｋＨｚ帯以下若しくは１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯を利用した電磁誘導方式と、８６０〜９６０ＭＨｚのＵＨＦ帯若しくは２．４５ＧＨｚ帯を利用した電波方式とが採用されている。   Incidentally, in recent years, an RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system is known as an automatic recognition technique using radio. The RFID system performs wireless communication between an interrogator called a reader / writer or the like and a responder called an RFID tag or the like. As a transmission method at that time, in addition to an electromagnetic coupling method using mutual induction of coils by an alternating magnetic field, an electromagnetic induction method using a frequency of 135 kHz or lower or 13.56 MHz as a frequency, a UHF band of 860 to 960 MHz, or 2 The radio system using the .45 GHz band is adopted.

特に、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯を利用した電磁誘導方式は、ＲＦＩＤシステムの一態様である非接触ＩＣカードシステムに用いられており、殆どの国で採用されている。一方、８６０〜９６０ＭＨｚのＵＨＦ帯を利用した電波方式は、欧州や米国では使用可能であるものの、日本では携帯電話等に割り当てられていてためにＲＦＩＤシステムでの使用が許可されていなかったが、最近、９５０〜９５６ＭＨｚ帯をＲＦＩＤシステムで使用できるような行動が開始された。そこで、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯のみならず９５０〜９５６ＭＨｚ帯でも動作する複合アンテナの開発が望まれていた。この種の複合アンテナを開発することにより、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯を使用したＲＦＩＤシステムだけでなく、９５０〜９５６ＭＨｚ帯を使用したＲＦＩＤシステムにも兼用できるリーダ・ライタ用アンテナを得ることができる。   In particular, the electromagnetic induction method using the 13.56 MHz band is used in a non-contact IC card system which is an aspect of the RFID system, and is adopted in most countries. On the other hand, although the radio system using the UHF band of 860 to 960 MHz can be used in Europe and the United States, it was assigned to a mobile phone etc. in Japan and was not allowed to be used in the RFID system. Recently, an action has been started so that the 950 to 956 MHz band can be used in the RFID system. Therefore, development of a composite antenna that operates not only in the 13.56 MHz band but also in the 950 to 956 MHz band has been desired. By developing this type of composite antenna, it is possible to obtain a reader / writer antenna that can be used not only for an RFID system using the 13.56 MHz band but also for an RFID system using the 950 to 956 MHz band.

しかしながら従来の複合アンテナは、例えば１．５ＧＨｚ帯と５．８ＧＨｚ帯というように、いずれも電波方式で使用される２つの周波数帯に対応したものであり、例えば９５０ＭＨｚ帯と１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯というように、電波方式と電磁誘導方式でそれぞれ使用される２つの周波数帯に対応したものはなかった。   However, the conventional composite antenna corresponds to two frequency bands used in the radio wave system such as 1.5 GHz band and 5.8 GHz band, for example, 950 MHz band and 13.56 MHz band. However, there was no one corresponding to the two frequency bands respectively used in the radio wave system and the electromagnetic induction system.

本発明はこのような事情に基づいてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、電波方式で使用される高い周波数帯で動作するのみならず、電磁誘導方式で使用される低い周波数帯でも動作する複合アンテナを提供しようとするものである。   The present invention has been made based on such circumstances, and its purpose is not only to operate in the high frequency band used in the radio wave system, but also to operate in the low frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction system. It is intended to provide a composite antenna.

本発明の複合アンテナは、一方の面に放射導体を、他方の面に接地導体をそれぞれ設けたパッチアンテナであり、ＵＨＦ帯若しくは２．４５ＧＨｚ帯の電波方式で利用される第１の周波数帯において動作する第１のアンテナと、第１の周波数帯より低い電磁誘導方式で利用される第２の周波数帯において動作するコイル状導体を有する第２のアンテナと、第１のアンテナと第２のアンテナとを一体的に保持する誘電体からなる保持部とを備え、第１のアンテナを形成する導体層である放射導体の層と接地導体の層の厚さを、いずれも第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さより薄くし、第２のアンテナを形成する導体層の厚さを、第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さ以上としたものである。   The composite antenna of the present invention is a patch antenna in which a radiation conductor is provided on one surface and a ground conductor is provided on the other surface, and in the first frequency band used in the radio system of the UHF band or 2.45 GHz band. A first antenna that operates, a second antenna having a coiled conductor that operates in a second frequency band utilized in an electromagnetic induction system lower than the first frequency band, and the first antenna and the second antenna And holding portions made of a dielectric that integrally hold the first and second antennas, and the thicknesses of the radiation conductor layer and the ground conductor layer, which are conductor layers forming the first antenna, are both in the second frequency band. It is thinner than the skin depth through which the current flows, and the thickness of the conductor layer forming the second antenna is greater than or equal to the skin depth through which the current in the second frequency band flows.

かかる手段を講じた本発明によれば、電波方式で使用される高い周波数帯で動作するのみならず、電磁誘導方式で使用される低い周波数帯でも動作する複合アンテナを提供できる。   According to the present invention in which such measures are taken, it is possible to provide a composite antenna that operates not only in the high frequency band used in the radio wave system but also in the low frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction system.

以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態について、図面を用いて説明する。
［第１の実施の形態］
はじめに、本発明の第１の実施の形態である複合アンテナ１０について、図１〜図４を用いて説明する。図１は複合アンテナ１０の外観斜視図であり、図２は同複合アンテナ１０の分解斜視図であり、図３は図１におけるＡ−Ａ矢視断面の拡大図である。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
[First Embodiment]
First, the composite antenna 10 which is the 1st Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIGS. 1-4. FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of the composite antenna 10, FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the composite antenna 10, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged view taken along the line AA in FIG. 1.

この複合アンテナ１０は、第１の周波数帯として電波方式で利用される例えば９５０ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第１のアンテナ１１と、第１の周波数帯より低い第２の周波数帯として電磁誘導方式で利用される例えば１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第２のアンテナ１２とを備えている。そして、第１のアンテナ１１と第２のアンテナ１２とを、誘電体からなる保持基板１３を挟んで積層することにより一体化している。   The composite antenna 10 is used in the electromagnetic induction system as a first antenna 11 that operates in a 950 MHz band, for example, which is used in a radio wave system as a first frequency band, and in a second frequency band lower than the first frequency band. For example, the second antenna 12 operating in the 13.56 MHz band is provided. The first antenna 11 and the second antenna 12 are integrated by laminating a holding substrate 13 made of a dielectric.

第１のアンテナ１１は、第１の誘電体基板１１１と、この第１の誘電体基板１１１の一方の面側に配置された放射導体（パッチ電極）１１２と、該第１の誘電体基板１１１の他方の面側に配置された接地導体（グランド）１１３とから構成している。第２のアンテナ１２は、第２の誘電体基板１２１と、この第２の誘電体基板１２１の一方の面側に配置されたコイル状導体パターン１２２と、該第２の誘電体基板１２１の他方の面側に配置された棒状導体パターン１２３とから構成している。第１の誘電体基板１１１，第２の誘電体基板１２１及び保持基板１３は、いずれも矩形状をなした同一サイズのものである。   The first antenna 11 includes a first dielectric substrate 111, a radiation conductor (patch electrode) 112 disposed on one surface side of the first dielectric substrate 111, and the first dielectric substrate 111. And a grounding conductor (ground) 113 disposed on the other surface side of the. The second antenna 12 includes a second dielectric substrate 121, a coiled conductor pattern 122 disposed on one surface side of the second dielectric substrate 121, and the other of the second dielectric substrate 121. It is comprised from the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 arrange | positioned at the surface side. The first dielectric substrate 111, the second dielectric substrate 121, and the holding substrate 13 are all rectangular and of the same size.

第１のアンテナ１１において、接地導体１１３は、第１の誘電体基板１１１と面積を略同一とする矩形状の導体パターンであり、保持基板１３上に設けている。放射導体１１２は、第１の誘電体基板１１１よりも面積が小さい略矩形状の導体パターンであり、第１の誘電体基板１１１上の略中央に設けている。放射導体１１２は、その一辺を凹状に切欠しており、この切欠部の底辺から誘電体基板１１１の一辺に向けて導体パターン１１４を延伸している。   In the first antenna 11, the ground conductor 113 is a rectangular conductor pattern having substantially the same area as the first dielectric substrate 111, and is provided on the holding substrate 13. The radiating conductor 112 is a substantially rectangular conductor pattern having an area smaller than that of the first dielectric substrate 111, and is provided at substantially the center on the first dielectric substrate 111. The radiation conductor 112 is notched in a concave shape on one side, and the conductor pattern 114 is extended from the bottom of the notch to one side of the dielectric substrate 111.

導体パターン１１４は、放射導体１１２への給電線として機能する。すなわち図示しないが、同軸ケーブルの一端側の芯線を導体パターン１１４に接続するとともに、該一端側の外線を接地導体１１３の一部に接続し、該同軸ケーブルの他端側を、電波方式を用いて無線通信を行う無線機に接続する。こうすることにより、第１のアンテナ１１は、電波方式で使用される第１の周波数帯で送受信動作を行う。   The conductor pattern 114 functions as a feed line to the radiation conductor 112. That is, although not shown, the core wire on one end side of the coaxial cable is connected to the conductor pattern 114, the outer line on one end side is connected to a part of the ground conductor 113, and the other end side of the coaxial cable is connected to the radio wave system. Connect to a wireless device that performs wireless communication. By doing so, the first antenna 11 performs a transmission / reception operation in the first frequency band used in the radio wave system.

第１のアンテナ１１の指向性の強さを図４（ａ）に示す。図示するように第１のアンテナ１１は、放射導体１１２が設けられている側に強い指向性を有している。すなわち、放射導体１１２が設けられている側に電波を強く放射する特性を有している。ここに、第１のアンテナ１１は、電波の電界に対して有効な動作をする平面パッチアンテナとして機能する。   FIG. 4A shows the strength of directivity of the first antenna 11. As shown in the figure, the first antenna 11 has strong directivity on the side where the radiation conductor 112 is provided. That is, it has a characteristic of strongly radiating radio waves on the side where the radiation conductor 112 is provided. Here, the first antenna 11 functions as a planar patch antenna that operates effectively with respect to the electric field of radio waves.

第２のアンテナ１２において、コイル状導体パターン１２２は、一端が第２の誘電体基板１２１の一辺部に位置し、他端が第２の誘電体基板１２１の略中央部に位置するように渦巻状に設けた渦巻き部１２４と、一端が第２の誘電体基板１２１の上記渦巻き部１２４の一端が設けられている辺部に位置し、他端が上記渦巻き部１２４の他端近傍でかつ渦巻き部１２４と重ならない部位に位置するように設けた直線部１２５とからなる。棒状導体パターン１２３は、第２の誘電体基板１２１の裏面側において、この第２の誘電体基板１２１の厚さ方向に対して一端が上記渦巻き部１２４の他端と重なり、他端が上記直線部１２５の他端と重なる位置に設けている。そして、第２の誘電体基板１２１の渦巻き部１２４の他端と棒状導体パターン１２３の一端とが位置する部位に、その表面から裏面に貫通する第１のスルーホール１２６を穿設している。また、第２の誘電体基板１２１の直線部１２５の他端と棒状導体パターン１２３の他端とが位置する部位に、その表面から裏面に貫通する第２のスルーホール１２７を穿設している。   In the second antenna 12, the coiled conductor pattern 122 is spirally wound so that one end is located at one side of the second dielectric substrate 121 and the other end is located at a substantially central portion of the second dielectric substrate 121. And the other end is located in the vicinity of the other end of the spiral portion 124 and the other end is located near the other end of the spiral portion 124. It comprises a straight line portion 125 provided so as to be located at a portion not overlapping with the portion 124. One end of the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 overlaps the other end of the spiral portion 124 with respect to the thickness direction of the second dielectric substrate 121 on the back surface side of the second dielectric substrate 121, and the other end is the straight line. It is provided at a position overlapping the other end of the portion 125. A first through hole 126 penetrating from the front surface to the back surface is formed at a position where the other end of the spiral portion 124 of the second dielectric substrate 121 and one end of the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 are located. Further, a second through hole 127 penetrating from the front surface to the back surface is formed at a position where the other end of the linear portion 125 of the second dielectric substrate 121 and the other end of the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 are located. .

第２の誘電体基板１２１の一辺部に位置する渦巻き部１２４の一端部と直線部１２５は、いずれもコイル状導体パターン１２２への給電部として機能する。すなわち図示しないが、同軸ケーブルの一端側の芯線を渦巻き部１２４の一端に接続するとともに、該一端側の外線を直線部１２５の一端に接続し、該同軸ケーブルの他端側を、電磁誘導方式を用いて無線通信を行う無線機に接続する。こうすることにより、同軸ケーブルから渦巻き部１２４の一端に入力された電流は、渦巻き部１２４を流れ、その他端から第１のスルーホール１２６を通って棒状導体パターン１２３の一端に入力する。棒状導体パターン１２３の一端に入力した電流は、棒状導体パターン１２３を流れ、その他端から第２のスルーホール１２７を通って直線部１２５の他端に入力する。直線部１２５の他端に入力した電流は、直線部１２５を通ってその一端から同軸ケーブルに出力される。また、同軸ケーブルから直線部１２５の一端に入力された電流は、上記と逆方向に流れ、渦巻き部１２４の一端から同軸ケーブルに出力される。これにより、第２のアンテナ１２は、電磁誘導方式で使用される第２の周波数帯で送受信動作を行う。   One end of the spiral portion 124 and the straight portion 125 located on one side of the second dielectric substrate 121 function as a power feeding portion to the coiled conductor pattern 122. That is, although not shown, the core wire on one end side of the coaxial cable is connected to one end of the spiral portion 124, the outer line on the one end side is connected to one end of the straight portion 125, and the other end side of the coaxial cable is connected to the electromagnetic induction system. Connect to a wireless device for wireless communication. By doing so, the current input from the coaxial cable to one end of the spiral portion 124 flows through the spiral portion 124 and is input from the other end to the one end of the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 through the first through hole 126. The current input to one end of the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 flows through the rod-shaped conductor pattern 123 and is input from the other end to the other end of the linear portion 125 through the second through hole 127. The current input to the other end of the straight portion 125 is output from one end of the straight portion 125 to the coaxial cable. Further, the current input from the coaxial cable to one end of the straight portion 125 flows in the opposite direction to the above, and is output from one end of the spiral portion 124 to the coaxial cable. As a result, the second antenna 12 performs a transmission / reception operation in the second frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction method.

第２のアンテナ１２の磁界分布を図４（ｂ）で示す。図中、破線は磁束を示しており、磁束が集中している部分が磁束密度の高いところである。図示するように、第２のアンテナ１２を構成するコイル状導体パターン１２２の中心から上下方向に磁束密度の高い箇所がある。この磁束密度が高い箇所で通信を行うと、良好な通信特性を得ることができる。ここに、第２のアンテナ１２は、電波の磁界に対して有効な動作をするコイル状アンテナとして機能する。   The magnetic field distribution of the second antenna 12 is shown in FIG. In the figure, broken lines indicate magnetic flux, and the portion where the magnetic flux is concentrated is where the magnetic flux density is high. As shown in the drawing, there is a portion having a high magnetic flux density in the vertical direction from the center of the coiled conductor pattern 122 constituting the second antenna 12. If communication is performed at a location where the magnetic flux density is high, good communication characteristics can be obtained. Here, the second antenna 12 functions as a coiled antenna that operates effectively against a magnetic field of radio waves.

さて、本実施の形態においては、第１のアンテナ１１を形成する導体層、つまりは放射導体１１２と接地導体１１３の厚さｄ１を、第２のアンテナ１２を形成する導体層、つまりはコイル状導体パターン１２２の厚さｄ２よりも薄くしている。   In the present embodiment, the thickness d1 of the conductor layer that forms the first antenna 11, that is, the radiation conductor 112 and the ground conductor 113, is the conductor layer that forms the second antenna 12, that is, the coil shape. The conductor pattern 122 is thinner than the thickness d2.

導体を流れる電流は、周波数が高くなるにつれて導体表面からの深さが浅い部分しか流れなくなる。この現象は表皮効果と呼ばれており、電流の流れる表皮深さδは、次の（１）式で表される。なお、（１）式においてωは２πｆであり、ｆは周波数，μは透磁率，σは導電率である。

Figure 2008125115
As the frequency increases, the current flowing through the conductor flows only in a portion where the depth from the conductor surface is shallow. This phenomenon is called the skin effect, and the skin depth δ through which current flows is expressed by the following equation (1). In equation (1), ω is 2πf, f is the frequency, μ is the magnetic permeability, and σ is the conductivity.
Figure 2008125115

例えば導体が銅からなる場合、導電率σは５８×１０６（Ｓ／ｍ）である。透磁率μは４π×１０−７であるので、周波数が電磁誘導方式で利用される１３．５６ＭＨｚであるときには、表皮深さδは１８μｍになる。また、周波数が電波方式で利用される９５０ＭＨｚであるときには、表皮深さδは２μｍになる。 For example, when the conductor is made of copper, the conductivity σ is 58 × 10 6 (S / m). Since the permeability μ is 4π × 10 −7 , the skin depth δ is 18 μm when the frequency is 13.56 MHz used in the electromagnetic induction method. When the frequency is 950 MHz used in the radio wave system, the skin depth δ is 2 μm.

そこで、９５０ＭＨｚ帯で動作するアンテナの銅箔パターンの厚さを２μｍとすれば、銅箔パターンでの電力損失を少なくすることができる。一方、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯で動作するアンテナの銅箔パターンの厚さを１８μｍ以上とすれば、銅箔パターンでの電力損失を少なくすることができる。また、厚さが１８μｍ以上の銅箔があると、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯の電磁波はほとんど通過しなくなる。逆を言えば、銅箔の厚さが１８μｍ以下の場合には、１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯の電磁波は通過し、その通過量は、銅箔の厚さが薄くなればなるほど増大する。   Therefore, if the thickness of the copper foil pattern of the antenna operating in the 950 MHz band is 2 μm, power loss in the copper foil pattern can be reduced. On the other hand, if the thickness of the copper foil pattern of the antenna operating in the 13.56 MHz band is 18 μm or more, power loss in the copper foil pattern can be reduced. In addition, when there is a copper foil having a thickness of 18 μm or more, 13.56 MHz band electromagnetic waves hardly pass. In other words, when the thickness of the copper foil is 18 μm or less, the 13.56 MHz band electromagnetic wave passes, and the amount of passage increases as the thickness of the copper foil decreases.

そこで本実施の形態では、電波方式で利用される第１の周波数帯を９５０ＭＨｚとし、この９５０ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第１のアンテナ１１の導体厚さｄ１を２μｍから１８μｍとする。また、電磁誘導方式で利用される第２の周波数帯を１３．５６ＭＨｚとし、この１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第２のアンテナ１２の導体厚さｄ２を１８μｍ以上とする。   Therefore, in the present embodiment, the first frequency band used in the radio wave system is 950 MHz, and the conductor thickness d1 of the first antenna 11 operating in the 950 MHz band is 2 μm to 18 μm. In addition, the second frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction method is 13.56 MHz, and the conductor thickness d2 of the second antenna 12 operating in the 13.56 MHz band is 18 μm or more.

このような構成の複合アンテナでは、放射導体１１２が設けられている側の外側に第２のアンテナ１２が設けられているので、第１のアンテナ１１から放射される電波のうち、放射導体１１２が設けられている側に強く放射される電波は、第２のアンテナ１２の影響を受けない。一方、第１のアンテナ１１を形成する導体層の厚さが１８μｍ以下であるので、第２のアンテナ１２から放射される電磁波が第１のアンテナ１１の導体層で減衰する量は少ない。   In the composite antenna having such a configuration, since the second antenna 12 is provided outside the side on which the radiation conductor 112 is provided, the radiation conductor 112 is included in the radio wave radiated from the first antenna 11. The radio wave strongly radiated to the provided side is not affected by the second antenna 12. On the other hand, since the thickness of the conductor layer forming the first antenna 11 is 18 μm or less, the amount of electromagnetic waves radiated from the second antenna 12 is attenuated by the conductor layer of the first antenna 11 is small.

したがって、本実施の形態によれば、電波方式で利用される第１の周波数帯では第１のアンテナ１１を使用し、電磁誘導方式で利用される第２の周波数帯では第２のアンテナ１２を使用して安定に無線通信を行うことができ、例えば９５０ＭＨｚ帯と１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯というように、電波方式と電磁誘導方式でそれぞれ使用される２つの周波数帯に対応し得る小型の複合アンテナ１０を提供することができる。   Therefore, according to the present embodiment, the first antenna 11 is used in the first frequency band used in the radio wave system, and the second antenna 12 is used in the second frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction system. A small composite antenna 10 that can be used for stable wireless communication and that can handle two frequency bands respectively used in the radio wave system and the electromagnetic induction system, such as the 950 MHz band and the 13.56 MHz band, for example. Can be provided.

［第２の実施の形態］
次に、本発明の第２の実施の形態である複合アンテナ２０について、図５〜図７を用いて説明する。図５は複合アンテナ２０を上方から見た平面図であり、図６は図５におけるＢ−Ｂ矢視断面図であり、図７は同複合アンテナ２０を下側から見た平面図である。 [Second Embodiment]
Next, the composite antenna 20 which is the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is demonstrated using FIGS. 5 is a plan view of the composite antenna 20 as viewed from above, FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line BB in FIG. 5, and FIG. 7 is a plan view of the composite antenna 20 as viewed from below.

この複合アンテナ２０も、第１の周波数帯として電波方式で利用される例えば９５０ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第１のアンテナ２１と、第１の周波数帯より低い第２の周波数帯として電磁誘導方式で利用される例えば１３．５６ＭＨｚ帯で動作する第２のアンテナ２２とを備えている。そして、第１のアンテナ１１と第２のアンテナ１２とを、第１のアンテナ２１の放射利得が小さい外周に第２のアンテナ２２を設けることにより一体化している。   This composite antenna 20 is also used in the electromagnetic induction method as the first antenna 21 operating in the 950 MHz band, for example, which is used in the radio wave system as the first frequency band, and in the second frequency band lower than the first frequency band. For example, a second antenna 22 operating in a 13.56 MHz band. Then, the first antenna 11 and the second antenna 12 are integrated by providing the second antenna 22 on the outer periphery where the radiation gain of the first antenna 21 is small.

第１のアンテナ２１は、誘電体基板２１１と、この誘電体基板２１１の一方の面側に配置された放射導体（パッチ電極）２１２と、該誘電体基板２１１の他方の面側に配置された接地導体（グランド）２１３とから構成している。第２のアンテナ２２は、口状の開口部を有する誘電体からなる保持フレーム２２１と、この保持フレーム２２１の外側に巻回された例えば銅線等からなる導体コイル２２２とから構成している。   The first antenna 21 is disposed on a dielectric substrate 211, a radiation conductor (patch electrode) 212 disposed on one surface side of the dielectric substrate 211, and the other surface side of the dielectric substrate 211. It comprises a ground conductor (ground) 213. The second antenna 22 includes a holding frame 221 made of a dielectric having a mouth-shaped opening, and a conductor coil 222 made of, for example, copper wire or the like wound around the holding frame 221.

第１のアンテナ２１において、接地導体２１３は、誘電体基板２１１と面積を略同一とする略矩形状の導体パターンであり、該誘電体基板２１１の下面に設けている。放射導体２１２は、誘電体基板２１１よりも面積が小さい矩形状の導体パターンであり、誘電体基板２１１上の略中央に設けている。また、誘電体基板２１１の放射導体２１４のＢ−Ｂ矢視線上で右端から略１／３の位置に、その厚さ方向に貫通するスルーホール２１４を穿設している。スルーホール２１４の位置は、アンテナ２１を接続する無線機のインピーダンスによって決まる。そして、このスルーホール２１４に接地導体２１３側からコネクタ２１５を挿入している。これにより、コネクタの内部導体が放射導体２１２に接続され、外部導体が接地導体２１３に接続されている。そこで、電波方式を用いて無線通信を行う無線機をコネクタ２１５に接続することにより、第１のアンテナ２１は、電波方式で使用される第１の周波数帯で送受信動作を行う。このときの第１のアンテナ２１の指向性の強さは、図４（ａ）で示した指向性と同様に、放射導体２１２が設けられている側に強い指向性を有している。すなわち、誘電体基板２１１の放射導体２１２が設けられている側の放射利得が高くなっており、接地導体２１３の面と平行な外周方向の放射利得は小さくなっている。ここに、第１のアンテナ２１は、電波の電界に対して有効な動作をする平面パッチアンテナとして機能する。   In the first antenna 21, the ground conductor 213 is a substantially rectangular conductor pattern having substantially the same area as the dielectric substrate 211, and is provided on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 211. The radiation conductor 212 is a rectangular conductor pattern having an area smaller than that of the dielectric substrate 211, and is provided substantially at the center on the dielectric substrate 211. Further, a through hole 214 penetrating in the thickness direction is formed at a position approximately １ ／ from the right end on the BB arrow line of the radiation conductor 214 of the dielectric substrate 211. The position of the through hole 214 is determined by the impedance of the wireless device to which the antenna 21 is connected. A connector 215 is inserted into the through hole 214 from the ground conductor 213 side. Thereby, the inner conductor of the connector is connected to the radiation conductor 212 and the outer conductor is connected to the ground conductor 213. Therefore, the first antenna 21 performs a transmission / reception operation in the first frequency band used in the radio wave system by connecting a radio device that performs radio communication using the radio wave system to the connector 215. At this time, the directivity of the first antenna 21 has a strong directivity on the side where the radiation conductor 212 is provided, similarly to the directivity shown in FIG. That is, the radiation gain on the side where the radiation conductor 212 of the dielectric substrate 211 is provided is high, and the radiation gain in the outer peripheral direction parallel to the surface of the ground conductor 213 is small. Here, the first antenna 21 functions as a planar patch antenna that operates effectively with respect to the electric field of radio waves.

第２のアンテナ１２において、保持フレーム２２１は、その口状の開口部を、第１のアンテナにおける誘電体基板２１１の接地導体２１３の面と平行な外周に嵌合させている。そして、この保持フレーム２２１の外周に導体コイル２２２を巻回している。導体コイル２２２の一端は、２端子コネクタ２２３の一方の端子２２４に接続しており、導体コイル２２２の他端は、該２端子コネクタ２２３の他方の端子２２５に接続している。２端子コネクタ２２３は、誘電体基板２１１における裏面側の接地導体２１３が切欠された部位に設けている。そこで、電磁誘導方式を用いて無線通信を行う無線機を２端子コネクタ２２３に接続することにより、２端子コネクタ２２３の一方の端子２２４から入力された電流は、導体コイル２２２を流れて２端子コネクタ２２３の他方の端子２２５に入力し、他方の端子２２５から入力された電流は、導体コイル２２２を逆方向に流れて一方の端子２２４に入力する。これにより、第２のアンテナ２２は、電磁誘導方式で使用される第２の周波数帯で送受信動作を行う。この第２のアンテナ１２の磁界分布も図４（ｂ）で示した磁界分布と同様に、導体コイル２２２の中心から上下方向に磁束密度の高い箇所がある。この磁束密度が高い箇所で通信を行うと、良好な通信特性を得ることができる。ここに、第２のアンテナ２２は、電波の磁界に対して有効な動作をするコイル状アンテナとして機能する。   In the second antenna 12, the holding frame 221 has its mouth-shaped opening fitted to the outer periphery parallel to the surface of the ground conductor 213 of the dielectric substrate 211 in the first antenna. A conductor coil 222 is wound around the outer periphery of the holding frame 221. One end of the conductor coil 222 is connected to one terminal 224 of the two-terminal connector 223, and the other end of the conductor coil 222 is connected to the other terminal 225 of the two-terminal connector 223. The two-terminal connector 223 is provided at a portion of the dielectric substrate 211 where the ground conductor 213 on the back surface side is notched. Therefore, by connecting a wireless device that performs wireless communication using the electromagnetic induction method to the two-terminal connector 223, a current input from one terminal 224 of the two-terminal connector 223 flows through the conductor coil 222 and the two-terminal connector. The current input from the other terminal 225 of the H.223 and input from the other terminal 225 flows in the reverse direction through the conductor coil 222 and is input to the first terminal 224. Thereby, the second antenna 22 performs transmission / reception operation in the second frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction method. Similarly to the magnetic field distribution shown in FIG. 4B, the magnetic field distribution of the second antenna 12 includes a portion having a high magnetic flux density in the vertical direction from the center of the conductor coil 222. If communication is performed at a location where the magnetic flux density is high, good communication characteristics can be obtained. Here, the second antenna 22 functions as a coiled antenna that operates effectively against a magnetic field of radio waves.

このように構成された第２の実施の形態の複合アンテナ２０においても、第１の実施の形態と同様に、第１のアンテナ２１を形成する導体層、つまりは放射導体２１２と接地導体２１３の厚さｄ３を、第２のアンテナ２２を形成する導体層、つまりは導体コイル２２２の厚さｄ４よりも薄くしている。具体的には、放射導体２１２と接地導体２１３の厚さｄ３を、第１のアンテナ２１が動作する第１の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さδよりも厚く、かつ第２のアンテナ２２が動作する第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さδよりも薄くしている。また、導体コイル２２２の厚さｄ４を、第２のアンテナ２２が動作する第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さδ以上厚くしている。   Also in the composite antenna 20 of the second embodiment configured as described above, similarly to the first embodiment, the conductor layers forming the first antenna 21, that is, the radiation conductor 212 and the ground conductor 213. The thickness d3 is made thinner than the conductor layer that forms the second antenna 22, that is, the thickness d4 of the conductor coil 222. Specifically, the thickness d3 of the radiation conductor 212 and the ground conductor 213 is set to be thicker than the skin depth δ through which the current in the first frequency band in which the first antenna 21 operates and the second antenna 22 is It is thinner than the skin depth δ through which the current in the second frequency band that operates is flowing. Further, the thickness d4 of the conductor coil 222 is set to be thicker than the skin depth δ through which the current in the second frequency band in which the second antenna 22 operates is flowing.

このような構成の複合アンテナでは、第１実施の形態と同様に、放射導体２１２が設けられている側の外側に第２のアンテナ２２が設けられているので、第１のアンテナ２１から放射される電波のうち、放射導体２１２が設けられている側に強く放射される電磁波は、第２のアンテナ２２の影響を受けない。一方、第１のアンテナ２１を形成する導体層の厚さが１８μｍ以下であるので、第２のアンテナ２２から放射される電磁波が第１のアンテナ２１の導体層で減衰する量は少ない。かくして、電波方式で利用される第１の周波数帯では第１のアンテナ２１を使用し、電磁誘導方式で利用される第２の周波数帯では第２のアンテナ２２を使用して安定に無線通信を行うことができる小型の複合アンテナ２０を提供することができる。   In the composite antenna having such a configuration, the second antenna 22 is provided outside the side on which the radiation conductor 212 is provided as in the first embodiment, so that the radiation is radiated from the first antenna 21. The electromagnetic wave strongly radiated to the side where the radiation conductor 212 is provided is not affected by the second antenna 22. On the other hand, since the thickness of the conductor layer forming the first antenna 21 is 18 μm or less, the amount of electromagnetic waves radiated from the second antenna 22 is attenuated by the conductor layer of the first antenna 21 is small. Thus, the first antenna 21 is used in the first frequency band used in the radio wave system, and the second antenna 22 is used in the second frequency band used in the electromagnetic induction system for stable wireless communication. A small composite antenna 20 that can be provided can be provided.

なお、この発明は前記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。
例えば複合アンテナ１０，２０の形状は、矩形状に限定されるものではなく、円形状や、三角形，五角形，六角形等の多角形状としてもよい。 The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage.
For example, the shape of the composite antennas 10 and 20 is not limited to a rectangular shape, and may be a circular shape or a polygonal shape such as a triangle, pentagon, or hexagon.

また、第１のアンテナ１１，２１を構成する導体の厚さｄ１，ｄ３は、第２のアンテナ１２，２２の影響を抑えることができる厚さであればよく、第２のアンテナ１２，２２を構成する導体の厚さｄ２，ｄ４は、第２の周波数帯を使用できる厚さであればよい。また、導体の材質は銅に限定されるものではない。   The thicknesses d1 and d3 of the conductors constituting the first antennas 11 and 21 may be any thickness that can suppress the influence of the second antennas 12 and 22, and the second antennas 12 and 22 The thicknesses d2 and d4 of the constituent conductors may be any thickness that can use the second frequency band. The material of the conductor is not limited to copper.

この他、前記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を組合わせてもよい。   In addition, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, the constituent elements over different embodiments may be combined.

本発明の第１の実施の形態における複合アンテナの外観斜視図。1 is an external perspective view of a composite antenna according to a first embodiment of the present invention. 同第１の実施の形態における複合アンテナの分解斜視図。The disassembled perspective view of the composite antenna in the said 1st Embodiment. 図１におけるＡ−Ａ矢視断面の拡大図。The enlarged view of the AA arrow cross section in FIG. 第１のアンテナの指向性と第２のアンテナの磁界分布を示す模式図。The schematic diagram which shows the directivity of a 1st antenna, and the magnetic field distribution of a 2nd antenna. 本発明の第２の実施の形態における複合アンテナを上方から見た平面図。The top view which looked at the compound antenna in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention from upper direction. 図５におけるＢ−Ｂ矢視断面図。BB arrow sectional drawing in FIG. 同第２の実施の形態における複合アンテナを下方から見た平面図。The top view which looked at the compound antenna in the 2nd embodiment from the lower part.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０，２０…複合アンテナ、１１，２１…第１のアンテナ、１２，２２…第２のアンテナ、１３…保持基板、１１１…第１の誘電体基板、１１２，２１２…放射導体、１１３，２１３…接地導体、１２１…第２の誘電体基板、１２２…コイル状導体パターン、１２３…棒状導体パターン、２１１…誘電体基板、２２１…保持フレーム、２２２…導体コイル。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10,20 ... Composite antenna, 11, 21 ... First antenna, 12, 22 ... Second antenna, 13 ... Holding substrate, 111 ... First dielectric substrate, 112, 212 ... Radiation conductor, 113, 213 ... Ground conductor, 121 ... second dielectric substrate, 122 ... coiled conductor pattern, 123 ... bar-shaped conductor pattern, 211 ... dielectric substrate, 221 ... holding frame, 222 ... conductor coil.

Claims (3)

一方の面に放射導体を、他方の面に接地導体をそれぞれ設けたパッチアンテナであり、ＵＨＦ帯若しくは２．４５ＧＨｚ帯の電波方式で利用される第１の周波数帯において動作する第１のアンテナと、
前記第１の周波数帯より低い電磁誘導方式で利用される第２の周波数帯において動作するコイル状導体を有する第２のアンテナと、
前記第１のアンテナと前記第２のアンテナとを一体的に保持する誘電体からなる保持部とを具備し、
前記第１のアンテナを形成する導体層である前記放射導体の層と前記接地導体の層の厚さを、いずれも前記第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さより薄くし、
前記第２のアンテナを形成する導体層の厚さを、前記第２の周波数帯の電流が流れる表皮深さ以上としたことを特徴とする複合アンテナ。 A patch antenna having a radiating conductor on one surface and a ground conductor on the other surface, the first antenna operating in a first frequency band used in a radio system of UHF band or 2.45 GHz band; ,
A second antenna having a coiled conductor operating in a second frequency band utilized in an electromagnetic induction scheme lower than the first frequency band;
A holding portion made of a dielectric that integrally holds the first antenna and the second antenna;
The thicknesses of the radiation conductor layer and the ground conductor layer, which are conductor layers forming the first antenna, are both thinner than the skin depth through which the current in the second frequency band flows,
A composite antenna, wherein a thickness of a conductor layer forming the second antenna is equal to or greater than a skin depth through which a current in the second frequency band flows. 前記第２のアンテナは、片面に前記コイル状導体を設け、
前記誘電体からなる保持部は、一方の面で前記パッチアンテナである第１のアンテナの接地導体を保持し他方の面で前記第２のアンテナの前記コイル状導体のパターンを保持することを特徴とする請求項１記載の複合アンテナ。 The second antenna is provided with the coiled conductor on one side,
The holding portion made of the dielectric holds the ground conductor of the first antenna, which is the patch antenna, on one surface and holds the pattern of the coiled conductor of the second antenna on the other surface. The composite antenna according to claim 1. 前記保持部は、前記パッチアンテナである第１のアンテナの外周に設けられた誘電体からなり、
前記第２のアンテナは、前記保持部の外周に前記コイル状導体を巻回してなることを特徴とする請求項１記載の複合アンテナ。 The holding portion is made of a dielectric provided on the outer periphery of the first antenna that is the patch antenna,
The composite antenna according to claim 1, wherein the second antenna is formed by winding the coiled conductor around an outer periphery of the holding portion.
JP2007331127A 2007-12-21 2007-12-21 Compound antenna Expired - Fee Related JP4192202B2 (en)

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