JP2008113605A - Method for breeding, supplying and raising japanese indigenous bumblebees - Google Patents

Method for breeding, supplying and raising japanese indigenous bumblebees Download PDF

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JP2008113605A
JP2008113605A JP2006299780A JP2006299780A JP2008113605A JP 2008113605 A JP2008113605 A JP 2008113605A JP 2006299780 A JP2006299780 A JP 2006299780A JP 2006299780 A JP2006299780 A JP 2006299780A JP 2008113605 A JP2008113605 A JP 2008113605A
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Hidehiro Hoshiba
英弘 干場
Masukiyo Ayabe
斗清 綾部
Norio Abe
宣男 阿部
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for breeding, supplying and raising indigenous Japanese bumblebees by which the bumblebees can be raised, while making entering of a new queen bee after matting, into diapause of several months, averted. <P>SOLUTION: The method for breeding, supplying and raising the indigenous Japanese bumblebees is carried out via at least a first step for obtaining worker bees from the queen bee of the indigenous Japanese bumblebees in a small box 15; a second step for enabling eggs to make the resulting bees emerge and be raised by colonies; a third step for making the new queen bee, after the raising, to mate with male bees; a fourth step for subjecting the new queen bee after the copulation to a prescribed diapause treatment; a fifth step for raising the new queen bee, after the diapause; and a sixth step for making the method return to the first step, when the new queen bee starts laying eggs, by moving the new queen bee into the nest chamber 23 of the small box 15. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、振動採粉で花粉を集める日本在来マルハナバチ類を施設内で栽培されるトマト等の人工授粉を行うポリネーターとして利用する際に好適な日本在来マルハナバチの繁殖供給飼育方法に関する技術である。   The present invention relates to a Japanese native bumblebee breeding and feeding method suitable for use as a pollinator that performs artificial pollination of tomatoes and the like grown in the facility to collect Japanese native bumblebees that collect pollen by vibration milling It is.

施設内で栽培される花蜜を分泌しないトマト等のナス科植物は、自然界とは異なり植物ホルモン剤を散布するなど、人手をかけて果実を着果させる作業が別途に必要になることから、多大な労働力が必要になり、その負担軽減を図る見地から他の人工授粉手法が開発されるに至っている。   Unlike the natural world, eggplants such as tomatoes that do not secrete nectar cultivated in the facility require extra work, such as spraying phytohormonal agents, to bring fruit to fruition. A labor force is required and other artificial pollination methods have been developed from the viewpoint of reducing the burden.

その一つの手法には、セイヨウオオマルハナバチの巣箱を栽培施設内に設置して受粉作業を代行させるようにしたものがある。しかし、セイヨウオオマルハナバチは、外来種であることから、施設外に逃げ出した際に日本の自然環境や生態系に悪影響を及ぼすおそれが高い。   One of the methods is to install a bee hive bee hive in the cultivation facility to perform pollination work. However, the giant bee is an alien species, and when it escapes from the facility, there is a high risk of adverse effects on the Japanese natural environment and ecosystem.

このため、日本の生態系に悪影響を及ぼす危険のない日本在来マルハナバチ類を人工的に飼育して大量増殖への道を拓く日本在来オオマルハナバチの飼育方法も既に提案されている(特許文献1参照)。
特許第3421121号公報
For this reason, Japanese native bumblebee breeding methods that artificially breed Japanese bumblebees that do not have the risk of adversely affecting Japanese ecosystems and open the path to mass growth have already been proposed (Patent Literature). 1).
Japanese Patent No. 3421121

上記特許文献1には、交尾した日本在来オオマルハナバチの女王蜂1頭にセイヨウオオマルハナバチの働き蜂1〜10頭をヘルパーとしてつけて飼育する飼育方法が開示されている。この場合、交尾後の新女王蜂には、働き蜂であるセイヨウオオマルハナバチをヘルパーとしてつけることで、通常は交尾後に数ヶ月間の休眠に入るのを回避させることができるので、これにより日本在来オオマルハナバチを国内で計画的に生産できるとされている。   Patent Document 1 discloses a breeding method in which one queen bee of a Japanese native bumblebee that was mated with 1 to 10 worker bees of a bumblebee as a helper is raised. In this case, the new queen bee after mating can be prevented from entering dormancy for several months after mating by attaching a worker bee, a worker bee, as a helper. It is said that bumblebees can be produced systematically in Japan.

しかし、特許文献1の開示技術による場合には、交尾後の新女王蜂に働き蜂であるセイヨウオオマルハナバチをヘルパーとしてつけなければならず、該セイヨウオオマルハナバチが施設外に逃げ出す可能性は依然として残る不都合があった。   However, in the case of the disclosed technique of Patent Document 1, the new queen bee after mating must have a bee that is a worker bee as a helper. there were.

本発明は、特許文献1を含む従来技術の上記課題に鑑み、セイヨウオオマルハナバチをヘルパーとしてつけることなく、交尾後の新女王蜂が数ヶ月間の休眠に入るのを回避させることができる日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above-mentioned problems of the prior art including Patent Document 1, the present invention is a Japanese native that can prevent a new queen bee after mating from entering a dormancy for several months without attaching a bumblebee as a helper. It aims at providing the breeding supply breeding method of bumblebees.

本発明は、上記目的を達成すべくなされたものであり、出入自在に仕切られた営巣室と給餌室とを有する小箱の前記営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂を入れ、産卵させて働き蜂を得る第1ステップと、出入自在に仕切られた営巣室と給餌室とを有する大箱の前記飼育室内に前記働き蜂が10頭前後になった際にコロニー別に移し替えて摂氏23度以上の温度状態のもとで前記コロニーを羽化させて蜂群として飼育する第2ステップと、該第2ステップにて飼育された蜂群のなかから新女王蜂と雄蜂とを取り出して交尾させる第3ステップと、交尾を終えた新女王蜂に対し休眠処理を施す第4ステップと、該第4ステップを経た状態にある複数頭の新女王蜂をケージ内にて競合飼育する第5ステップと、該第5ステップを経た新女王蜂が産卵を開始した時点で個々の新女王蜂を27℃前後の温度状態に保たれた前記小箱の営巣室内に移して前記第1ステップへと回帰させる第6ステップとを少なくとも含むことを最も主要な特徴とする。   The present invention has been made to achieve the above-mentioned object, and has finished mating with bumble bees of Japanese native bumblebees in the nesting chamber of a small box having a nesting chamber and a feeding chamber that are partitioned freely. The first step of obtaining Japanese bee queen bees and laying eggs to obtain working bees, and about 10 working bees in the breeding room of a large box having a nesting room and a feeding room partitioned freely. The second step of transferring the colonies to a colony and raising them as a bee group under a temperature state of 23 degrees Celsius or higher, and a new one among the bee groups reared in the second step. The third step of taking out and mating the queen bee and the male bee, the fourth step of applying a dormancy process to the new queen bee that has finished mating, and the plurality of new queen bees that have undergone the fourth step in the cage Rearing competing 5 steps, and when the new queen bees that have passed through the fifth step start laying eggs, the individual new queen bees are transferred to the nesting chamber of the small box maintained at a temperature of about 27 ° C. and returned to the first step. The main feature is to include at least a sixth step.

この場合、前記第1ステップでは、前記営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂の繭をロウで固定して営巣を促進させるのが好ましい。また、前記大箱は、その底面が網材で形成されているものを用いるのが望ましい。   In this case, in the first step, it is preferable to promote the nesting by fixing a bumble bee of a Japanese native bee to the nesting room with a wax. In addition, it is desirable to use a large box whose bottom is formed of a mesh material.

一方、前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、螢殖土70%に多機能バイオ用土30%を混合してなる土に対しさらに10%の骨炭を加えたものと、腐葉土とを1:1の割合で混合したものに、6ppmのナノ銀担持のコラーゲン水を吹きかけてなる事前処理土を閉空間内に1〜2cmの厚さに敷き込んだ後、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を収容する処理と、
前記閉空間内に収容した後の前記女王蜂を1週間から3週間前後の間8〜10℃の低温状態においてにおいて休眠させる処理と、休眠後の前記女王蜂を取り出し、徐々に温度を上げ、最終的には25〜28℃とする処理とを少なくとも経て行うことができる。
On the other hand, the dormancy treatment in the fourth step is a 1: 1 addition of 10% bone charcoal to soil obtained by mixing 30% multi-functional bio soil with 70% breeding soil and humus soil. A pre-treated soil made by spraying 6 ppm nano silver-supported collagen water on the mixture mixed in a ratio is laid in a closed space to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm, and then the new queen bee that has undergone the third step is accommodated. Processing,
The queen bee after being accommodated in the closed space is allowed to sleep in a low temperature state of 8 to 10 ° C. for about 1 to 3 weeks, and the queen bee after the sleep is taken out, gradually raised in temperature, and finally Can be performed at least through a treatment of 25 to 28 ° C.

また、前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、水100ccに対し、6ppmナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccを混合した25〜30℃の水に、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を個体差を見ながら仮死状態になるまで水没させる処理と、水から取り出した後に体表に付着した水分を取り除く処理と、水分を取り除いた後に、直ちに25〜30℃の閉空間内に入れ、餌となるナノ銀担持コラーゲンを加えた糖液と花粉とを与えて次の処理まで水没を含む上記処理を繰り返しながら飛翔させる1回目給餌飛翔処理と、1週間以内に前記1回目給餌飛翔処理と同じ処理を行う2回目給餌飛翔処理とを少なくとも経て行うものであってもよい。   In addition, the dormancy treatment in the fourth step is performed by examining individual differences of the new queen bee that has undergone the third step in water at 25 to 30 ° C. in which 0.1 cc of 6 ppm nanosilver-carrying collagen water is mixed with 100 cc of water. While being submerged until it becomes a dead state, removing water adhering to the body surface after removing from water, and removing the water, it is immediately put in a closed space of 25-30 ° C. and becomes nano silver serving as food The first feeding flight process in which the sugar solution and pollen to which the supported collagen is added is given and the above process including submersion is repeated until the next process is repeated and the same process as the first feeding flight process is performed within one week 2 It may be performed through at least the second feeding flight process.

さらに、前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を閉空間内に収容する処理と、該新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置した後に取り出して数日間飼育する処理と、しかる後に前記女王蜂を再度、前記閉空間内に収容し、該女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置した後に取り出す処理とを少なくとも経て行うものであってもよい。   Furthermore, the dormancy process in the fourth step includes a process of accommodating the new queen bee that has passed through the third step in a closed space, and the new queen bee stops its movement and becomes anesthetized. A process of supplying carbon dioxide gas in the closed space, leaving it in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes, taking it out and raising it for several days, and then storing the queen bee in the closed space again, Carbon dioxide gas may be supplied into the closed space until it stops moving and becomes anesthetized, and may be removed through at least 30 to 70 minutes and then removed. .

本発明のうち、請求項1に記載の発明によれば、日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂に産卵させ、羽化して日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂と交尾させた後の新女王蜂に休眠処理を施して越冬を回避させることにより、1年より短い周期での世代交代を実現しながら、計画的に日本在来マルハナバチ類を飼育することができる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, the queen bee of Japanese bumblebees lays eggs, emerges and mates with the bumblebees of Japanese bumblebees, and then the dormant treatment is applied to the new queen bees. By avoiding overwintering, Japanese bumblebees can be bred systematically while realizing generational changes with a cycle shorter than one year.

したがって、トマト等のナス科植物の栽培施設内には、日本在来マルハナバチ類からなるコロニーが形成された巣箱を設置することで、日本在来マルハナバチ類を人工授粉を行うポリネーターとして利用することができる。しかも、利用するマルハナバチ類は、日本在来種であることから、仮に施設外に逃げ出すことがあっても、日本の生態系に対し重大な悪影響を及ぼすおそれもなくすことができる。   Therefore, in the cultivation facility of solanaceous plants such as tomatoes, the Japanese native bumblebees should be used as a pollinator for artificial pollination by installing a nest box formed with colonies made of Japanese native bumblebees. Can do. Moreover, since the bumblebees used are native to Japan, even if they escape from the facility, there is no risk of serious adverse effects on the Japanese ecosystem.

請求項2の発明によれば、営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂の繭がロウで固定されているので、第1のステップにおける女王蜂の営巣をより促進させてやることができる。   According to the invention of claim 2, since the bumble bee of Japanese bumblebees is fixed in the nesting room with the wax, the nesting of the queen bee in the first step can be further promoted.

請求項3の発明によれば、営巣室と給餌室とを有する大箱の底面が網材で形成されているので、第2のステップにおける働き蜂をより衛生的に蜂群として飼育することができる。   According to invention of Claim 3, since the bottom face of the large box which has a nesting room and a feeding room is formed with the net material, the working bee in the 2nd step can be reared more hygienically as a bee group. .

請求項4の発明によれば、第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、事前処理土を閉空間内に1〜2cmの厚さに敷き込んだ後、交尾を終えた女王蜂を収容して低温状態において休眠させた後に徐々に温度を上げることで行われるので、カビの発生を効果的に防ぎながら、新女王蜂に対し越冬を回避させて産卵を開始させることができる。しかも、基本的には、2週間以上行えば越冬を回避させることができ、それ以上、処理を継続しても特に問題がおきることはない。   According to the invention of claim 4, the sleep process in the fourth step is performed in a low temperature state by accommodating the queen bee that has finished mating after laying the pretreated soil in a closed space to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm. Since it is performed by gradually raising the temperature after sleeping, the new queen bee can avoid overwintering and start laying eggs while effectively preventing mold. Moreover, basically overwintering can be avoided if it is carried out for more than two weeks, and there is no particular problem even if the processing is continued further.

請求項5の発明によれば、第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、仮死状態になるまで女王蜂を水没させた後に取り出して25〜30℃の閉空間内に入れ、餌となるナノ銀担持コラーゲンを加えた糖液(糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため)と花粉とを与えて飛翔させる1回目給餌飛翔処理と、1週間以内に前記1回目給餌飛翔処理と同じ処理を行う2回目給餌飛翔処理とを経るという新規な方法を手軽に行うことで、新女王蜂に対し越冬を回避させて産卵を開始させることができる。   According to the invention of claim 5, the dormancy process in the fourth step is to submerge the queen bee until it becomes a temporary death state and take it out into a closed space of 25 to 30 ° C. Same as the first feeding and flying treatment within one week, and the first feeding and flying treatment in which the added sugar solution (to prevent mold generated in the sugar solution and to remove viruses etc.) and pollen are given. By carrying out the novel method of passing through the second feeding and flying process for performing the treatment easily, the new queen bee can avoid the overwintering and start the egg laying.

請求項6の発明によれば、日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチ類の新女王蜂に二酸化炭素を用いた死亡率の低い特異な仮眠処理を施すことにより、新女王蜂に対し越冬を回避させて産卵を開始させることができる。   According to the invention of claim 6, a new nap treatment using carbon dioxide is applied to a new queen bee of Japanese bumblebees that has finished mating with a bumblebee of Japanese bumblebees. The queen bee can avoid spawning and start spawning.

図1は、新女王蜂が本発明方法の途上において一時的に収容されるネット製のゲージの一例を示す全体斜視図である。同図によれば、ゲージ11は、休眠処理途上の新女王蜂を一時的に入れたり、交尾後の新女王蜂を飛ばしたり、産卵を促す際に用いるための相互に隔離された三段重ねの隔室12を備えている。   FIG. 1 is an overall perspective view showing an example of a net gauge in which a new queen bee is temporarily accommodated in the course of the method of the present invention. According to the figure, the gauge 11 can be used to temporarily insert a new queen bee that is in the process of dormancy, to fly a new queen bee after mating, or to promote spawning. A chamber 12 is provided.

本発明方法は、日本在来クロマルハナバチを含む日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂から働き蜂を得る第1ステップと、コロニー別に卵を羽化させて飼育する第2ステップと、飼育後の新女王蜂と雄蜂とを交尾させる第3ステップと、交尾後の新女王蜂に対し所定の休眠処理を施す第4ステップと、休眠処理後の新女王蜂を飼育する第5ステップと、新女王蜂が産卵を開始した時点で小箱21の営巣室24内に移して前記第1ステップへと回帰させる第6ステップとを少なくとも経ることで行われる。   The method of the present invention comprises a first step of obtaining a worker bee from a queen bee of Japanese native bumblebees including a Japanese native bee, a second step of raising eggs by colony and rearing, and a new queen bee and a male bee after breeding. The third step of mating, the fourth step of applying a predetermined dormancy treatment to the new queen bee after mating, the fifth step of breeding the new queen bee after the dormancy treatment, and a small time when the new queen bee starts laying eggs It is performed by passing through at least the sixth step of moving into the nesting chamber 24 of the box 21 and returning to the first step.

このうち、第1ステップは、出入自在に仕切られた営巣室と給餌室とを有する小箱の前記営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂を入れ、産卵させて働き蜂を得るために用意される。   Of these, the first step is to place a Japanese native bumblebee queen bee that has finished mating with a Japanese native bumblebee male bee in the nesting room of a small box having a nesting room and a feeding room partitioned freely. It is prepared for putting and laying eggs to obtain working bees.

すなわち、第1ステップでは、図2に示す小箱15を用いて日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂を入れて産卵させ、これらを羽化させることで働き蜂を得る。   That is, in the first step, the bee queen of Japanese bumblebees that have finished mating with the bumblebee of Japanese bumblebees using the small box 15 shown in FIG. Get.

この場合に用いられる小箱15は、上面を開口面17とし、かつ、直径3mm程度の複数個の通気孔16aを有してなるボックス本体16と、開口面17を開閉自在に覆う透明天板28とを備えている。   The small box 15 used in this case has an opening surface 17 as an upper surface and a box body 16 having a plurality of vent holes 16a having a diameter of about 3 mm, and a transparent top plate that covers the opening surface 17 so as to be freely opened and closed. 28.

このうち、ボックス本体16は、縦90mm×横180mm×厚さ8mmのアガチス材からなる底板18と、該底板18上に直立配置される高さ60mm×横幅150mm×厚さ8mmのアガチス材からなる前後の側板19と、該側板19,19相互間に位置させて底板18上に直立配置される高さ60mm×横幅74mm×厚さ8mmのアガチス材からなる左右の側板20とを、木工用接着剤とステンレス釘などからなる釘材21とを用いて固着することで形成されている。   Of these, the box body 16 is composed of a bottom plate 18 made of agathis material having a length of 90 mm, a width of 180 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm, and an agathis material having a height of 60 mm, a width of 150 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm arranged upright on the bottom plate. Bonding for woodworking front and rear side plates 19 and left and right side plates 20 made of agathis material having a height of 60 mm, a width of 74 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm, which are positioned between the side plates 19 and 19 and arranged upright on the bottom plate 18 It is formed by adhering using an agent and a nail material 21 made of stainless steel nails or the like.

しかも、ボックス本体16は、高さ60mm×横幅74mm×厚さ8mmのアガチス材からなる仕切り板22により、横幅方向での中心位置にてその内部空間が仕切られており、その左側を営巣室23として、右側を給餌室24として確保できるようになっている。また、該仕切り板22は、奥側の下隅部に切欠部22aを備え、羽化後の働き蜂等が営巣室23と給餌室24との間を行き来することができるようになっている。   Moreover, the box body 16 has an internal space partitioned at a central position in the width direction by a partition plate 22 made of agathis material having a height of 60 mm, a width of 74 mm, and a thickness of 8 mm. The right side can be secured as the feeding chamber 24. In addition, the partition plate 22 includes a notch 22 a at the lower corner of the back side so that a worker bee after emergence can move between the nesting chamber 23 and the feeding chamber 24.

さらに、ボックス本体16は、右側の側板20の中央下部に切欠部20aが形成されており、該切欠部20aと舌片状に突出している底板18側との間に確保される開口部25を介して糖液が入った給餌器26をその差込み部26aを介して差し込むことができるようになっている。なお、差込み部26a側は、働き蜂等が逃亡しないようにステンレスネットなどからなる網材27により覆われている。   Further, the box body 16 has a notch 20a formed at the lower center of the right side plate 20, and an opening 25 secured between the notch 20a and the bottom plate 18 projecting in the shape of a tongue. The feeder 26 containing the sugar solution can be inserted through the insertion portion 26a. The insertion portion 26a side is covered with a net member 27 made of a stainless steel net or the like so that worker bees and the like do not escape.

また、透明天板28は、仕切り板22により分割されている左側の開口面を覆う厚さ2mmの透明アクリル樹脂からなる左側天板部28aと、右側の開口面を覆う厚さ2mmの透明アクリル樹脂からなる右側天板部28bとで構成されており、それぞれがステンレス製の蝶番29を介して開閉自在に配設されている。   The transparent top plate 28 includes a left top plate portion 28a made of a transparent acrylic resin having a thickness of 2 mm that covers the left opening surface divided by the partition plate 22, and a transparent acrylic film having a thickness of 2 mm that covers the right opening surface. It is composed of a right top plate portion 28b made of resin, and each is disposed so as to be openable and closable via a stainless hinge 29.

このようにして形成されている小箱15の営巣室23には、日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂の図示しない繭をロウで底板18上に固定しておき、女王蜂の営巣を促進させることができるようにしてある。   In the nesting chamber 23 of the small box 15 formed in this way, a moth (not shown) of a bumblebee native to Japan is fixed on the bottom plate 18 with a wax, and the nesting of a queen bee can be promoted. It is like that.

また、営巣室23内には、約60%のショ糖溶液(糖液100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含む)と、乾燥させていない生花粉または該生花粉を練った団子状の花粉とがキャップ上に置おかれた状態で入っている。さらに、給餌室24内には、約60%のショ糖溶液などの糖液(糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため、糖液100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含む)が入った給餌器26の差込み部26aが配置されることになる。   In the nesting chamber 23, about 60% sucrose solution (including a mixture of 0.1 cc of nanosilver-carrying collagen water with respect to 100 cc of sugar solution) and undried fresh pollen or the A dumpling-shaped pollen made from fresh pollen is placed on the cap. Further, in the feeding chamber 24, about 60% sugar solution (such as sucrose solution) (for prevention of mold generated in the sugar solution and removal of viruses etc., nanosilver-supported collagen water with respect to 100 cc of the sugar solution) An insertion portion 26a of a feeder 26 containing a mixture of 0.1 cc) is placed.

第2ステップは、出入自在に仕切られた営巣室34と給餌室35とを有する大箱31における営巣室34内に働き蜂が10頭前後になった際にコロニー36別に移し替えて摂氏23度以上の温度状態のもとでコロニー36を羽化させて蜂群として飼育するために用意される。   In the second step, when there are about 10 working bees in the nesting room 34 in the bin 31 having the nesting room 34 and the feeding room 35 that are freely detachable, the colony 36 is transferred to each colony 36 and 23 degrees Celsius or more. The colony 36 is emerged under the temperature condition, and is prepared for breeding as a bee group.

すなわち、第2ステップでは、小箱15内の働き蜂が10頭前後になったときに、十分に成長した図示しないコロニーを板片とともに小箱15内から取り出し、巣箱として用いる図3に示す大箱(例えば縦20cm×横28cm×奥行き13cm)31内に移し替えて摂氏23度以上の好適温度状態のもとにおき、コロニー36を羽化させる。   That is, in the second step, when there are about 10 working bees in the small box 15, a colony (not shown) that has grown sufficiently is taken out from the small box 15 together with a plate piece and used as a hive box as shown in FIG. (For example, 20 cm in length × 28 cm in width × 13 cm in depth) The colony 36 is emerged by moving into a suitable temperature state of 23 degrees Celsius or more after being transferred to the inside 31.

この場合に用いられる大箱31は、厚さが1cmの杉板を用いて形成されている。大箱31内は、図2の小箱11と同様に蜂が通過できる直径2cm程度の通孔33aを有する仕切り板33を介して営巣室34と給餌室35とに仕切られており、その営巣室34内にコロニー36を板片44とともに配置する。なお、大箱31の底面31aをステンレスネットなどからなる網材で形成しておく場合には、***物等を堆積させることなく網材を介して自然落下させることができるので、より衛生的な飼育環境を確保することができる。   The large box 31 used in this case is formed using a cedar board having a thickness of 1 cm. The inside of the large box 31 is partitioned into a nesting chamber 34 and a feeding chamber 35 through a partition plate 33 having a through hole 33a having a diameter of about 2 cm through which a bee can pass in the same manner as the small box 11 of FIG. A colony 36 is placed together with a plate piece 44 in the chamber 34. In addition, when the bottom 31a of the large box 31 is formed with a net material made of stainless steel net or the like, it can be dropped naturally through the net material without depositing excrement etc., so it is more hygienic. A breeding environment can be secured.

営巣室34内には、練っていない新鮮な花粉を小箱11で用いたのと同様なキャップ内に入れて置いたり、練り花粉40を直接置いておくなどして、羽化した後の蜂に与えた。また、大箱31の上面開口部を覆う天板32は、多数の通気口(図示せず)が穿設された透明なアクリル板を用いて形成されており、中の蜂が逃げ出さないように例えばガムテープ37などで止着されている。   In the nesting chamber 34, fresh pollen that has not been kneaded is placed in a cap similar to that used in the small box 11, or kneaded pollen 40 is placed directly on the bee after emergence. Gave. In addition, the top plate 32 that covers the upper surface opening of the large box 31 is formed using a transparent acrylic plate having a large number of ventilation holes (not shown), so that the bees inside do not escape. For example, it is fastened with a gummed tape 37 or the like.

糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため、糖液100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含むショ糖溶液43は、給餌室35の側板38に挿通孔39を開け、該挿通孔39を介して外側から給餌器41を差し込んで中の蜂に与えられるようにした。この場合、給餌器41には、その差込み部41aに蜂が外に逃げ出さないようにステンレスネットなどからなる網材42を被せた上で、約60%のショ糖溶液43を供給した。なお、餌は、2日に1回の割合で交換して餌切れを起こさないようにしておく必要がある。また、給餌室35は、***物などの集積する場所ともなることから、餌替えの際に掃除も行い、内部を常に清潔に保つようにしておく必要がある。   A sucrose solution 43 containing a mixture of 100 cc of sugar solution at a ratio of 0.1 cc of nanosilver-carrying collagen water is used to prevent mold generated in the sugar solution and remove viruses and the like. An insertion hole 39 was formed in the side plate 38, and a feeder 41 was inserted from the outside through the insertion hole 39 so as to be given to the bees inside. In this case, about 60% of the sucrose solution 43 was supplied to the feeder 41 after covering the insertion part 41a with a net member 42 made of stainless steel net or the like so that the bees would not escape outside. In addition, it is necessary to change the bait once every two days so that the bait is not cut. In addition, since the feeding chamber 35 is also a place where excrement and the like are accumulated, it is necessary to clean the inside of the feeding chamber 35 at the time of changing the feed so that the inside is always kept clean.

巣箱として用いる大箱31は、室内を23〜27℃、湿度約50%に保たれた部屋に置かれた。その際、骨炭を巣内に置き、適度な湿度を保持させた。   The large box 31 used as a hive was placed in a room where the room was kept at 23 to 27 ° C. and humidity of about 50%. At that time, bone charcoal was placed in the nest to maintain an appropriate humidity.

第3ステップは、第2ステップにて飼育された蜂群のなかから新女王蜂と雄蜂とを取り出して交尾させるために用意される。   The third step is prepared for taking out and mating the new queen bee and the male bee from the bee group reared in the second step.

すなわち、第3ステップでは、第2ステップにてコロニー36から羽化した蜂群のなかから新女王蜂と雄蜂とを取り出し、交尾させる。交尾は、既に述べた図1に示すネット製のゲージ11を利用して行わせた。該ゲージ11は、3つの隔室12を備えているので、効率よく使用することができる。各隔室12には、新女王蜂の数に対し、その2倍以上の数の雄蜂を入れて交尾を行わせた。   That is, in the third step, the new queen bee and the male bee are taken out from the bee group that emerged from the colony 36 in the second step and mated. The mating was performed using the net gauge 11 shown in FIG. Since the gauge 11 includes three compartments 12, it can be used efficiently. Each compartment 12 was mated with more than twice as many male bees as the number of new queen bees.

この場合、ゲージ11は、太陽光の差し込む窓辺もしくは、太陽光の波長に近い蛍光管のもとに並べておくことで、室内で交尾をさせるようにした。太陽光の波長に近い蛍光管を用いる場合には、雨や曇りの天気であっても交尾率を上げることができる。交尾したペアは、隔室12内から取り出して分離させた。また、交尾終了後の新女王蜂は、同様の構造を備えて室内に用意されるゲージ11の隔室12内に移し入れ、約60%のショ糖溶液(糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため、糖液(水100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含む)と練花粉とを与えておいた。   In this case, the gauges 11 were mated indoors by arranging them under a window side into which sunlight was inserted or a fluorescent tube close to the wavelength of sunlight. When a fluorescent tube close to the wavelength of sunlight is used, the mating rate can be increased even in rainy or cloudy weather. The mated pair was removed from the compartment 12 and separated. In addition, the new queen bee after mating is transferred to the compartment 12 of the gauge 11 having the same structure and prepared in the room, and about 60% sucrose solution (to prevent mold generated in the sugar solution and In order to remove viruses and the like, a sugar solution (including a mixture of 0.1 cc of nanosilver-supported collagen water with 100 cc of water) and kneaded pollen were given.

第4ステップでは、交尾を終えた新女王蜂に対し休眠処理を施す。該休眠処理方法には、以下のような3つの手法があり、所望に応じて適宜選択することができる。   In the fourth step, dormancy processing is performed on the new queen bee that has finished mating. The dormancy processing method includes the following three methods, which can be appropriately selected as desired.

第1の手法は、螢殖土と上陸安定用土(多機能バイオ用土)とを混合してなる土と腐葉土とを1:1の割合で混合したものに、昆虫に無害な抗菌物質を含有させた水を吹きかけてなる事前処理土を閉空間内に1〜2cmの厚さに敷き込んだ後、第3のステップにて日本在来マルハナバチの雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチの女王蜂を収容する処理と、前記閉空間内に収容した後の前記女王蜂を1週間から3週間前後の間8〜10℃の低温状態においてにおいて休眠させる処理と、休眠後の前記女王蜂を取り出し、徐々に温度を上げ、最終的には25〜28℃とする処理とを少なくとも経ることで行われる。   The first method is to add an antibacterial substance that is harmless to insects to a mixture of soil and humus soil in a 1: 1 ratio, which is a mixture of breeding soil and land stabilization soil (multifunctional bio soil). Japanese bee queen bee that finished mating with Japanese bee bumble bee in the third step after laying pre-treated soil with sprayed water in a closed space to a thickness of 1-2 cm , A process of allowing the queen bee after being housed in the closed space to sleep in a low temperature state of 8 to 10 ° C. for about 1 to 3 weeks, and taking out the queen bee after the sleep, It is performed by raising the temperature and finally passing through a treatment of 25 to 28 ° C.

この場合、螢殖土としては、適切なpH値を維持させて持久力を保持させる観点から多孔質でありながら十分な堅さを有している焼結した粒状の火山灰基質製土壌を使用する特許第2917140号に係る「床土又は濾材の製造方法」により製造された土を好適に用いることができる。また、上陸安定養土については、pH値の安定を得る観点から特許第2603202号に係る「鑑賞魚水槽の底床土及び濾材」として得られる土を好適に用いることができる。   In this case, as the breeding soil, a sintered granular volcanic ash substrate soil that is porous but has sufficient hardness from the viewpoint of maintaining an appropriate pH value and maintaining endurance is used. The soil produced by the “method for producing floor soil or filter medium” according to Japanese Patent No. 2917140 can be suitably used. In addition, as for the landing stable soil, the soil obtained as “bottom soil and filter medium of appreciation fish tank” according to Japanese Patent No. 2603202 can be suitably used from the viewpoint of obtaining stable pH value.

しかも、螢殖土と上陸安定養土とには、ナノ銀(抗菌物質)を混ぜ合わせることにより、日本在来マルハナバチ類の巣の床として使用した際に、より安定した巣作りができるようになる。この場合、例えば螢殖土70%に上陸安定養土(多機能バイオ用土)30%を混合してなる土に対しさらに10%の骨炭を加えたものと、腐葉土とを1:1の割合で混合したものに、6ppmのナノ銀担持のコラーゲン水を吹きかけてなる事前処理土を好適に用いることができる。なお、骨炭は、閉鎖空間内でのカビの発生を抑え、同時に外気温湿度に関わらず適度な湿度を保持させることができるほか、塩分補給やダニやウイルスの発生を予防する上でも役に立つ成分となる。   Moreover, by combining nano-silver (antibacterial substance) with the breeding soil and the landing stable nourishment soil, it is possible to create a more stable nest when used as a nest floor of Japanese bumblebees. Become. In this case, for example, 10% bone charcoal is added to the soil obtained by mixing 30% landing stable nutrient soil (multifunctional bio-soil) with 70% breeding soil and humus soil at a ratio of 1: 1. A pretreated soil obtained by spraying 6 ppm of nanosilver-supported collagen water on the mixture can be suitably used. Bone charcoal is a component that helps to prevent mold in enclosed spaces and at the same time maintain moderate humidity regardless of outside air temperature and humidity, and also helps prevent salt replenishment and the generation of mites and viruses. Become.

第2の手法は、25〜30℃の水に、第3のステップにて日本在来マルハナバチの雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチの女王蜂を個体差を見ながら仮死状態になるまで水没させる処理と、水から取り出した後に体表に付着した水分を取り除く処理と、水分を取り除いた後に、直ちに25〜30℃の閉空間内に入れ、餌となる糖液(糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため、糖液(水100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含む)と花粉とを与えて次の処理まで水没を含む上記処理を繰り返しながら飛翔させる1回目給餌飛翔処理と、1週間以内に前記1回目給餌飛翔処理と同じ処理を行う2回目給餌飛翔処理とを少なくとも経ることで行われる。   The second technique is to submerge the Japanese bumblebee queen bee, which has finished mating with the bumblebee of Japanese bumblebee in the third step, in a temperature of 25 to 30 ° C. Treatment, removing water adhering to the body surface after being taken out from water, and immediately after removing the water, put it in a closed space of 25-30 ° C. For prevention of mold and removal of viruses, etc., sugar solution (including 100 cc of water mixed with 0.1 cc of nanosilver-supported collagen water) and pollen are given and submerged until the next treatment It is performed through at least a first feeding flight process for flying while repeating the above process and a second feeding flight process for performing the same process as the first feeding flight process within one week.

第3の手法は、第3のステップにて日本在来マルハナバチの雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバの新女王蜂を閉空間内に収容する処理と、該新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置した後に取り出して数日間飼育する処理と、しかる後に前記新女王蜂を再度、前記閉空間内に収容し、該新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置した後に取り出す処理とを少なくとも経ることで行われる。   In the third method, the new queen bee of the Japanese bumblebee that finished mating with the bumblebee of the Japanese bumblebee in the third step is accommodated in the closed space, and the movement of the new queen bee stops. Carbon dioxide gas is supplied into the closed space until an anesthesia is applied, and after leaving it in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes, it is taken out and bred for several days, and then the new queen bee is again treated. After being accommodated in the closed space, the carbon dioxide gas is supplied into the closed space until the new queen bee stops its movement and becomes anesthetized, and left in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes. The process is performed through at least the extraction process.

特に、第3の手法は、セイヨウオオマルハナバチに比べ日本在来クロマルハナバチの二酸化炭素麻酔に対する感受性が異なることを本発明者らが発見し、この知見(麻酔後の覚醒が早いことから麻酔の効きが弱いと推測)に基づき二酸化炭素を用いた麻酔処理時間を変更することで、より確実に飼育することができることを見出したことが機縁となって完成するに至ったものである。   In particular, in the third method, the present inventors discovered that the sensitivity of Japanese black bee to carbon dioxide anesthesia is different from that of Japanese bee wasp, and this finding (the effect of anesthesia because of the early awakening after anesthesia). Based on the assumption that the anesthesia treatment time using carbon dioxide was changed based on the assumption that it was weak, it was found that it was possible to rear the animal more reliably, and it came to completion.

すなわち、まず、日本在来クロマルハナバチの雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来クロマルハナバチの新女王蜂は、例えば高さが18cmで縦横が各35cmの隔室12が3段重ねで形成されている図1に示すネット製のゲージ11の空いている隔室12内に入れ、約60%のショ糖溶液と、乾燥させていない生花粉または該生花粉を練った練花粉とをキャップ上に置いた状態で入れておき、これを与えながら1週間飛ばした後に試験管などのような施蓋が自在な図示しない容器の閉空間内に収容する。   That is, first of all, the new queen bee of the Japanese black bee that has finished mating with the Japanese bee of the Japanese black bee is formed of three compartments 12 with a height of 18 cm and a height and width of 35 cm each, for example. 1 is placed in an empty compartment 12 of the net gauge 11 shown in FIG. 1, and about 60% sucrose solution and freshly dried raw pollen or kneaded pollen with the fresh pollen are placed on the cap. It is put in a state where it is placed, and after flying for one week while giving it, it is accommodated in a closed space of a container (not shown) that can be freely covered with a lid such as a test tube.

次に、二酸化炭素ボンベ側から引き出されたチューブを容器の蓋の隙間から入れ、前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素を流し込む。この場合における二酸化炭素の供給は、収容されている新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで行われる。   Next, a tube drawn out from the carbon dioxide cylinder is inserted through a gap between the lids of the container, and carbon dioxide is poured into the closed space. In this case, the carbon dioxide is supplied until the contained new queen bee stops its movement and becomes anesthetized.

新女王蜂の動きが止まった際には、その状態を確認した上で容器をしっかりと施蓋し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置しておく。この放置時間の経過後に容器を開蓋して前記閉空間内から新女王蜂を取り出す。   When the movement of the new queen bee stops, after confirming its state, the container is firmly covered and left in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes. After the standing time, the container is opened and the new queen bee is taken out from the closed space.

取り出した新女王蜂は、図1に示すゲージ11にあって空いている隔室12内に入れられ、約60%のショ糖溶液(糖液内に発生するカビの予防と、ウイルスなどの除去のため、糖液(水100ccに対し、ナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccの割合で混合したものを含む)と、乾燥させていない生花粉または該生花粉を練った練花粉とをキャップ上に置いた状態で入れ、これを与えながら2日間前後飼育する。   The removed new queen bee is placed in a vacant compartment 12 in the gauge 11 shown in FIG. 1, and about 60% sucrose solution (to prevent mold generated in the sugar solution and to remove viruses, etc.) Therefore, a sugar solution (including a mixture of 0.1 cc of nanosilver-supported collagen water with 100 cc of water) and undried fresh pollen or kneaded pollen with the fresh pollen placed on the cap And keep it for about 2 days while giving it.

2日間前後を経過した後、新女王蜂は、再び容器の前記閉空間内に収容され、前回と同様の手順を踏んで前記閉空間内へと二酸化炭素を流し込む。この場合における二酸化炭素の供給は、前回と同様に収容されている新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで行われ、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置しておく。この放置時間の経過後に容器を開蓋して前記閉空間内から新女王蜂を取り出し、ゲージ11の隔室12内へと戻して新女王蜂に対する休眠処理を終える。   After about two days, the new queen bee is accommodated again in the closed space of the container, and carbon dioxide is poured into the closed space following the same procedure as the previous time. The supply of carbon dioxide in this case is performed until the new queen bee housed in the same manner as before stops its movement and becomes anesthetized, and is left in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes. . After the elapse of the standing time, the container is opened, the new queen bee is taken out from the closed space, returned to the compartment 12 of the gauge 11, and the sleep process for the new queen bee is completed.

このため、第3の手法によれば、日本在来クロマルハナバチの雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来クロマルハナバチの新女王蜂に二度にわたり二酸化炭素を用いた死亡率の低い特異な仮眠処理を施すことができるので、新女王蜂に対し越冬を回避させて産卵を開始させることができる。   For this reason, according to the third method, a unique nap treatment with a low mortality rate using carbon dioxide is performed twice on the new Japanese queen bee of Japanese black bee that has finished mating with the Japanese bee of Japanese black bee. The new queen bee can avoid spawning and start spawning.

因みに、上記条件のもとで第3の手法により日本在来クロマルハナバチ228匹に対し麻酔処理(休眠処理)を実際に行ったところ、産卵した個体数209匹(91.67%)に対し、産卵しなかった個体数19匹(8.33%)であった。また、コロニー(働き蜂30匹以上)を形成した個体数165匹(72.37%)に対し、コロニーを形成しない個体数63匹(27.63%)であった。   Incidentally, under the above conditions, anesthesia treatment (dormant treatment) was performed on 228 Japanese native bee by the third method under the above conditions, and for 209 eggs (91.67%) that laid eggs, The number of individuals that did not lay eggs was 19 (8.33%). The number of individuals that formed colonies (30 or more worker bees) was 165 (72.37%), whereas the number of individuals that did not form colonies was 63 (27.63%).

第5ステップでは、第4ステップを経て休眠を終えた状態にある複数頭の新女王蜂をケージ11内で競合飼育する。具体的には、各新女王蜂をケージ11の隔室12内にて3日間飛ばした後に、日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂の繭や疑似繭をロウで板片に固定した状態で入れ、かつ、複数頭の新女王蜂も入れてケージ11の隔室12内にて競合飼育することで、相互に競争関係を生じさせて産卵を促して効率を上げる。   In the fifth step, a plurality of new queen bees that have finished sleeping after the fourth step are competingly raised in the cage 11. Specifically, after flying each new queen bee in the compartment 12 of the cage 11 for 3 days, the bumble bees and pseudo moths of bumble bees native to Japan are put in a state of being fixed to the board pieces with wax, and A plurality of new queen bees are also put in a companion breeding in the compartment 12 of the cage 11, thereby creating a competitive relationship with each other to promote spawning and increase efficiency.

第6ステップでは、第5ステップを経た新女王蜂が産卵を開始した時点で、個々の新女王蜂を摂氏27度前後の内部温度に保たれた図2の小箱15の営巣室23内に移して第1ステップへと回帰させ、これを繰り返すことになる。   In the sixth step, when the new queen bee that has passed through the fifth step starts laying eggs, each new queen bee is moved into the nesting chamber 23 of the small box 15 of FIG. 2 maintained at an internal temperature of about 27 degrees Celsius. Return to the first step and repeat this.

このため、本発明によれば、日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂に産卵させ、羽化して日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂と交尾させた後の新女王蜂に休眠処理を施して越冬を回避させることができる。このため、日本在来マルハナバチ類は、1年より短い周期での世代交代を実現しながら、計画的に飼育することができる。   For this reason, according to the present invention, it is possible to lay eggs in a queen bee of Japanese native bumblebees, and to apply a dormancy treatment to a new queen bee after maturing with a male bee of Japanese native bumblebees to avoid overwintering it can. For this reason, Japanese native bumblebees can be reared systematically while realizing generational changes with a cycle shorter than one year.

したがって、トマト等のナス科植物の栽培施設内には、日本在来マルハナバチ類からなるコロニーが形成された巣箱を設置することで、日本在来マルハナバチ類を人工授粉を行うポリネーターとして利用することができる。しかも、利用するマルハナバチ類は、日本在来種であることから、仮に施設外に逃げ出すことがあっても、日本の生態系に対し重大な悪影響を及ぼすおそれもなくすことができる。   Therefore, in the cultivation facility of solanaceous plants such as tomatoes, the Japanese native bumblebees should be used as a pollinator for artificial pollination by installing a nest box formed with colonies made of Japanese native bumblebees. Can do. Moreover, since the bumblebees used are native to Japan, even if they escape from the facility, there is no risk of serious adverse effects on the Japanese ecosystem.

本発明における休眠処理(第4ステップ)は、第5ステップにおいてなかなか産卵しない場合や、途中で巣を放棄してしまった場合に再度行うと有効であることが確認されている。なお、その場合、いずれの休眠処理にあっても処理条件を軽くすることが必要である。具体的には、第1の手法(低温処理方法)による場合は、低温にさらす時間を短期間にする。第2の手法(水処理方法)による場合は、水没させる時間を短くし、軽い仮死状態におく。第3の手法(麻酔処理)による場合には、処理時間を5〜15分ほど短くする。   It has been confirmed that the dormancy process (fourth step) according to the present invention is effective when it is performed again when it is difficult to lay eggs in the fifth step or when the nest is abandoned on the way. In that case, it is necessary to reduce the processing conditions in any sleep processing. Specifically, in the case of the first method (low temperature processing method), the time for exposure to low temperature is set in a short time. In the case of the second method (water treatment method), the time for submerging is shortened and the light asphyxia is set. In the case of the third method (anesthetic treatment), the treatment time is shortened by about 5 to 15 minutes.

また、本発明における休眠処理(第4ステップ)においては、第1の手法(低温処理方法)、第2の手法(水処理方法)および第3の手法(麻酔処理)のなかから越冬回避方法として適宜のものをランダムに採用することで、個体に発生しがちな感度が弱くなったり効きにくくなるといった不都合を回避させることができる。   Further, in the dormancy process (fourth step) in the present invention, as a method for avoiding the overwintering among the first technique (low temperature treatment method), the second technique (water treatment method) and the third technique (anesthetic treatment). By adopting an appropriate one at random, it is possible to avoid the inconvenience that the sensitivity, which tends to occur in an individual, becomes weaker or less effective.

さらに、全ての小箱15と大箱31とには、ペットボトルのキャップなどの小さい容器に塩化ナトリウムを入れたものを置くのが好ましい。また、全ての小箱15と大箱31とには、骨炭を入れておくのが好ましく、この場合、小箱15内には、ペットボトルのキャップ1杯分を、大箱31内には、ペットボトルのキャップ3〜4杯分をそれぞれ入れておくのが好ましい。こうすることにより、箱内の湿度調整と、カビ発生の防止とを実現することができる。   Further, it is preferable that all the small boxes 15 and the large boxes 31 are placed with sodium chloride in a small container such as a cap of a plastic bottle. In addition, it is preferable to put bone charcoal in all the small boxes 15 and the large boxes 31. In this case, in the small box 15, one cup of a PET bottle cap is contained in the large box 31. It is preferable to store 3 to 4 cups of PET bottle caps. By doing so, it is possible to achieve humidity adjustment in the box and prevention of mold generation.

本発明が適用される日本在来マルハナバチ類には、クロマルハナバチ、オオマルハナバチ、ミヤママルハナバチのほか、コマルハナバチ、エゾオオマルハナバチ、エゾコマルハナバチ、トラマルハナバチなどを含む。   The Japanese bumblebees to which the present invention is applied include black bee, bumble bee, Miyama bumble bee, bumble bee, Ezo bumble bee, Ezo bumble bee, tramal bee and the like.

休眠処理途上の新女王蜂を一時的に入れたり、交尾後の新女王蜂を飛ばしたり、産卵を促す際に用いられるネット製のゲージの一例を示す全体斜視図。The whole perspective view which shows an example of the gauge made from the net used when putting a new queen bee in the middle of a dormancy process temporarily, flying a new queen bee after mating, or encouraging egg-laying. 日本在来クロマルハナバチの女王蜂から働き蜂を得る際やコロニーを作る際に用いられる小箱の一例を示す概略斜視図。The schematic perspective view which shows an example of the small box used when obtaining a worker bee from the queen bee of Japanese black bee or making a colony. 小箱内の働き蜂が10頭前後になったときに、コロニーを移し替える大箱の一例を模式的に示す概略斜視図。The schematic perspective view which shows typically an example of the large box which transfers a colony when the worker bee in a small box becomes around ten heads.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11 ケージ
12 隔室
15 小箱
16 ボックス本体
16a 通気孔
17 開口面
18 底板
19 側板
20 側板
20a 切欠部
21 釘材
22 仕切り板
22a 切欠部
23 営巣室
24 給餌室
25 開口部
26 給餌器
26a 差込み部
27 網材
28 透明天板
28a 右側天板部
28b 左側天板部
29 蝶番
31 大箱
31a 底面
32 天板
33 仕切り板
33a 通孔
34 営巣室
35 給餌室
36 コロニー
37 ガムテープ
38 側板
39 挿通孔
40 花粉
41 給餌器
42 網材
43 ショ糖溶液
44 板片
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 Cage 12 Compartment 15 Small box 16 Box main body 16a Vent hole 17 Opening surface 18 Bottom plate 19 Side plate 20 Side plate 20a Notch 21 Nail material 22 Partition plate 22a Notch 23 Nesting chamber 24 Feeding chamber 25 Opening 26 Feeder 26a Insertion 27 Net material 28 Transparent top plate 28a Right top plate portion 28b Left top plate portion 29 Hinge 31 Large box 31a Bottom surface 32 Top plate 33 Partition plate 33a Through hole 34 Nesting chamber 35 Feeding chamber 36 Colony 37 Gum tape 38 Side plate 39 Insertion hole 40 Pollen 41 Feeder 42 Net material 43 Sucrose solution 44 Board piece

Claims (6)

出入自在に仕切られた営巣室と給餌室とを有する小箱の前記営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂との交尾を終えた日本在来マルハナバチ類の女王蜂を入れ、産卵させて働き蜂を得る第1ステップと、
出入自在に仕切られた営巣室と給餌室とを有する大箱の前記飼育室内に前記働き蜂が10頭前後になった際にコロニー別に移し替えて摂氏23度以上の温度状態のもとで前記コロニーを羽化させて蜂群として飼育する第2ステップと、
該第2ステップにて飼育された蜂群のなかから新女王蜂と雄蜂とを取り出して交尾させる第3ステップと、
交尾を終えた新女王蜂に対し休眠処理を施す第4ステップと、
該第4ステップを経た状態にある複数頭の新女王蜂をケージ内にて競合飼育する第5ステップと、
該第5ステップを経た新女王蜂が産卵を開始した時点で個々の新女王蜂を27℃前後の温度状態に保たれた前記小箱の営巣室内に移して前記第1ステップへと回帰させる第6ステップとを少なくとも含むことを特徴とする日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。
A honey bee queen bee that has finished mating with a Japanese bee bumble bee is placed in the nesting room of a small box having a nesting room and a feeding room that are freely detachable, and a worker bee is obtained by laying eggs. The first step;
When the number of worker bees reaches about 10 in the breeding room of a large box having a nesting room and a feeding room partitioned so as to be freely accessible, the colonies are transferred to each colony under a temperature state of 23 degrees Celsius or more. The second step of bringing out the pupae and raising them as bees,
A third step of taking out and mating a new queen bee and a male bee from the bee group raised in the second step;
A fourth step of applying dormancy treatment to the new queen bee after mating;
A fifth step of competingly breeding a plurality of new queen bees in the cage after having undergone the fourth step;
When the new queen bee that has passed through the fifth step starts laying eggs, each new queen bee is transferred into the nesting chamber of the small box maintained at a temperature of about 27 ° C. and is returned to the first step. And a breeding / feeding / raising method of Japanese native bumblebees characterized by comprising:
前記第1ステップでは、前記営巣室に日本在来マルハナバチ類の雄蜂の繭をロウで固定して営巣を促進させる請求項1に記載の日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。 The method for breeding and feeding Japanese native bumblebees according to claim 1, wherein in the first step, nesting is promoted by fixing a bumble bee of Japanese bumblebees with wax in the nesting room. 前記大箱は、その底面が網材で形成されている請求項1または2に記載の日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。 The method for breeding and feeding Japanese bumblebees according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a bottom surface of the large box is formed of a net material. 前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、螢殖土70%に多機能バイオ用土30%を混合してなる土に対しさらに10%の骨炭を加えたものと、腐葉土とを1:1の割合で混合したものに、6ppmのナノ銀担持のコラーゲン水を吹きかけてなる事前処理土を閉空間内に1〜2cmの厚さに敷き込んだ後、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を収容する処理と、
前記閉空間内に収容した後の前記女王蜂を1週間から3週間前後の間8〜10℃の低温状態においてにおいて休眠させる処理と、
休眠後の前記女王蜂を取り出し、徐々に温度を上げ、最終的には25〜28℃とする処理とを少なくとも経て行う請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。
In the fourth step, the dormancy treatment is performed by adding a 10% bone charcoal to a soil obtained by mixing 30% of multifunctional bio soil with 70% of the breeding soil and humus soil at a ratio of 1: 1. A pre-treated soil made by spraying 6 ppm nano-silver-bearing collagen water on the mixture and laying it in a closed space to a thickness of 1 to 2 cm, and then receiving the new queen bee that has undergone the third step; ,
A process of allowing the queen bee after being housed in the closed space to sleep in a low temperature state of 8 to 10 ° C. for about 1 to 3 weeks;
4. Breeding and breeding of Japanese native bumblebees according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the queen bee after dormancy is taken out, and the temperature is gradually raised and finally treated to 25 to 28 ° C. Method.
前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、水100ccに対し、6ppmナノ銀担持コラーゲン水0.1ccを混合した5〜30℃の水に、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を個体差を見ながら仮死状態になるまで水没させる処理と、
水から取り出した後に体表に付着した水分を取り除く処理と、
水分を取り除いた後に、直ちに25〜30℃の閉空間内に入れ、餌となるナノ銀担持コラーゲンを加えた糖液と花粉とを与えて次の処理まで水没を含む上記処理を繰り返しながら飛翔させる1回目給餌飛翔処理と、
1週間以内に前記1回目給餌飛翔処理と同じ処理を行う2回目給餌飛翔処理とを少なくとも経て行う請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。
The dormancy treatment in the fourth step is a temporary death while observing the individual difference of the new queen bee that has undergone the third step in water of 5 to 30 ° C. in which 0.1 cc of 6 ppm nanosilver-carrying collagen water is mixed with 100 cc of water. A process of submerging until it reaches a state,
Removing water adhering to the body surface after taking it out of the water;
Immediately after removing the water, put it in a closed space of 25-30 ° C., give the sugar solution and pollen to which nano silver-supporting collagen as a feed is added, and fly while repeating the above treatment including submersion until the next treatment The first feeding flight process,
The breeding / feeding / raising method of Japanese native bumblebees according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the second feeding / flying process is performed through at least a second feeding / flying process in which the same process as the first feeding / flying process is performed within one week.
前記第4のステップにおける休眠処理は、前記第3ステップを経た新女王蜂を閉空間内に収容する処理と、
該新女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に30〜70分間放置した後に取り出して数日間飼育する処理と、
しかる後に前記女王蜂を再度、前記閉空間内に収容し、該女王蜂がその動きを止めて麻酔がかかった状態となるに至るまで前記閉空間内に二酸化炭素ガスを供給し、その雰囲気中に35〜45分間放置した後に取り出す処理とを少なくとも経て行う請求項1ないし3のいずれかに記載の日本在来マルハナバチ類の繁殖供給飼育方法。
The dormancy process in the fourth step is a process of accommodating the new queen bee that has undergone the third step in a closed space;
A process of supplying carbon dioxide gas into the closed space until the new queen bees stop moving and becoming anesthetized, leaving it in the atmosphere for 30 to 70 minutes, taking it out and raising it for several days; ,
After that, the queen bee is accommodated again in the closed space, and carbon dioxide gas is supplied into the closed space until the queen bee stops its movement and becomes anesthetized. The method for breeding and feeding Japanese native bumblebees according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the treatment is carried out through at least the process of leaving after standing for 45 minutes.
JP2006299780A 2006-11-06 2006-11-06 Method for breeding, supplying and raising japanese indigenous bumblebees Pending JP2008113605A (en)

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KR101459588B1 (en) 2013-03-06 2014-11-13 대한민국 A Method for determining dormancy awakening of Osmia cornifrons using oxygen consumption
CN103385222A (en) * 2013-08-14 2013-11-13 遵义师范学院 Method for cultivating Chinese bee queens in bulk by using Chinese bee natural stylobates
CN103461220A (en) * 2013-09-22 2013-12-25 长沙县旺源养蜂专业合作社 Beehive for Chinese bees and method for pollinating greenhouse crops by Chinese bees
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CN104396892A (en) * 2014-11-10 2015-03-11 刘双发 Double-queen culture method of Chinese bees
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CN108142324A (en) * 2016-12-03 2018-06-12 辽东学院 Kind bumblebee rearing-box
CN106818649A (en) * 2017-02-03 2017-06-13 宣威市科维农业科技有限公司 The method of artificial culture queen bee
JP2018171042A (en) * 2017-03-31 2018-11-08 株式会社Nttファシリティーズ Cultivation environment control system, cultivation system, cultivation environment control method, and program
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