JP2008086274A - Solid fish feed and method for producing the same - Google Patents
Solid fish feed and method for producing the same Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、魚類などの水産物を含む水産廃棄物からなる固形状の魚餌に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a solid fish food made of marine waste containing fishery products such as fish.
漁獲される魚の中には魚種により食用に供されず廃棄されるものもあり、魚の加工段階で廃棄される内臓、頭、尾鰭などが水産廃棄物となる。また、鮮度が低下し、食用に不適当になり、水産廃棄物となることもある。 Some fish that are caught are not used for food depending on the type of fish and are discarded, and the internal organs, heads, tails, etc. that are discarded at the processing stage of the fish become marine waste. In addition, freshness may be reduced, making it unfit for consumption and becoming a fishery waste.
特許文献１では水産廃棄物などを寄せ魚餌に加工する方法が提案されている。この方法は原料中の残存水分を固定化し、さらに水中での再分散性を改善する目的で、吸水性の物質、例えば、澱粉、吸水性パルプ、ポリビニルアルコールなどを混練時に混入し、型に充填し、加熱成形固形化する方法である。しかし、この方法では製品魚餌中の水分比率が大きく、腐敗、黴発生が起こりやすい欠点がある。また、型に充填した後、加熱するため、生産効率が低く経済的に不利である。 Patent Document 1 proposes a method for processing marine waste and the like into fish food. This method is to fix residual moisture in the raw material and improve redispersibility in water, and mix water-absorbing substances such as starch, water-absorbing pulp, and polyvinyl alcohol during kneading and fill the mold. And then heat forming and solidifying. However, this method has a drawback that the ratio of water in the product fish feed is large, and spoilage and sputum are likely to occur. Further, since the mold is heated after being filled, the production efficiency is low and it is economically disadvantageous.
特許文献２には、発電所や堤防などで多量に発生し、通常廃棄物として処理されるムラサキイガイの有効利用を目的とした養魚用配合飼料が記載されている。この飼料は魚粉や大豆粕、フィードオイルなどに、ムラサキイガイを可食部として５％以上（乾物換算）含むものであり、飼料中にムラサキイガイを添加することにより、ヒラメを始めとする魚類の摂餌が刺激され、摂餌量が増大し、その結果成長が向上するとされている。この技術は廃棄物の有効利用であり、魚種に適応した魚餌が養殖に効率的であることを提案している。しかし、原料が特定され汎用性に欠け、また魚粉など高価な原料を使用し不経済である。 Patent Document 2 describes a mixed feed for fish farming for the purpose of effective use of blue mussels that are generated in large quantities at power plants, dikes, etc. and are usually treated as waste. This feed contains 5% or more of mussels as edible parts (equivalent to dry matter) in fish meal, soybean meal, feed oil, etc. By adding mussels to the feed, fish and other flounder feeds Is stimulated to increase food intake, resulting in improved growth. This technology is an effective use of waste and proposes that fish food adapted to fish species is efficient for aquaculture. However, the raw material is specified and lacks versatility, and expensive raw materials such as fish meal are used, which is uneconomical.
特許文献３には、植物搾汁滓を利用した魚介類用餌料が記載されている。これは植物搾汁滓の微生物醗酵物又はその粉砕物を含むマトリックス材料中に炭素原子数が２〜３個である低級アミノ酸Ａと炭素原子数が４個以上である高級アミノ酸Ｂとを、モル比がＡ／Ｂ＝１〜４０となるように含有させてなるものである。しかし、この魚介類用餌料は魚介類の自然な餌の観点から栄養成分が偏り乖離している欠点がある。また、高価なアミノ酸を配合することも不経済である。 Patent Document 3 describes a feed for seafood using plant juice. This is a mixture of a lower amino acid A having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and a higher amino acid B having 4 or more carbon atoms in a matrix material containing a microbial fermented product of plant squeezed koji or a pulverized product thereof. It is made to contain so that ratio may become A / B = 1-40. However, this fish and shellfish feed has a disadvantage that the nutrient components are biased and deviated from the viewpoint of the natural feed of the seafood. It is also uneconomical to mix expensive amino acids.
特許文献４には、本発明者らの先の発明である水産廃棄物を魚餌に加工する方法が記載されている。この方法は主原料の水産廃棄物と副原料の多糖類などからなる組成物を炭酸ガスの超臨界又は亜臨界条件下で滅菌し、水分率が３０重量％未満の固形状の魚餌にするものである。しかし、魚餌中の水分量が多いため魚餌自体の強度が低く、水にも膨潤し易い、そのため、釣り針に付けて長時間使用するような漁法においては、水の抵抗力などにより釣り針から脱落するおそれがあり不向きである。 Patent Document 4 describes a method for processing fishery waste, which is the inventors' previous invention, into fish food. This method sterilizes a composition comprising a main raw material aquatic waste and a secondary raw material polysaccharide under supercritical or subcritical conditions of carbon dioxide gas to form a solid fish bait with a moisture content of less than 30% by weight. It is. However, because of the high water content in the fish bait, the strength of the fish bait itself is low and it can easily swell in water. There is a fear and it is unsuitable.
本発明は上記のような従来技術の課題に鑑み、水産廃棄物処理上の問題解決の一助となり得、環境に優しく保管の容易な魚餌を廉価に提供することを目的とするものである。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems of the prior art, and is intended to help solve problems in the treatment of marine waste, and is intended to provide an environmentally friendly and easy-to-store fish food at a low price.
そこで、本発明の固形状魚餌は、水産物を含む水産廃棄物２０〜６０重量％、澱粉などの多糖類１０〜６０重量％、可食性の可塑剤５〜４０重量％からなる組成物を熱可塑成形した実質的に気泡を含まないことを第１の特徴とする。また、水分率が１５重量％未満で、かつ吸水後の比重が１から１．１５であることを第２の特徴とする。さらに、殺菌又は滅菌されたことを第３の特徴とする。またさらに、熱可塑化した樹脂を金型により魚形状に成形したことを第４の特徴とする。加えて、生分解性の塗料を用いて表面を被覆することを第５の特徴とし、彩色を施すことを第６の特徴とする。さらに加えて、釣り針の取り付け穴を設けたことを第７の特徴とする。 Therefore, the solid fish food of the present invention is a thermoplastic composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of marine waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of edible plasticizer. The first feature is that it is substantially free of bubbles. The second feature is that the moisture content is less than 15% by weight and the specific gravity after water absorption is 1 to 1.15. Furthermore, the third feature is that it is sterilized or sterilized. Furthermore, the fourth feature is that a thermoplastic resin is molded into a fish shape by a mold. In addition, the fifth feature is that the surface is coated with a biodegradable paint, and the sixth feature is that coloring is applied. In addition, a seventh feature is that an attachment hole for a fishhook is provided.
本発明に係る固形状魚餌の製造方法としては、水産物を含む水産廃棄物２０〜６０重量％、澱粉などの多糖類１０〜６０重量％、可食性の可塑剤５〜４０重量％からなる組成物を破砕混合工程、１００℃以上の炭酸ガスの超臨界又は亜臨界条件の殺菌又は滅菌工程、脱水縮合工程、押出し熱可塑工程により熱可塑樹脂化するか又は水産物を含む水産廃棄物２０〜６０重量％、澱粉などの多糖類１０〜６０重量％、可食性の可塑剤５〜４０重量％からなる組成物を破砕混合工程、１００℃以上の殺菌又は滅菌工程、脱水縮合工程、押出し熱可塑工程により熱可塑樹脂化する。 As a method for producing a solid fish food according to the present invention, a composition comprising 20 to 60% by weight of marine waste containing marine products, 10 to 60% by weight of polysaccharides such as starch, and 5 to 40% by weight of edible plasticizer. 20-60 weight of marine waste containing a marine product by crushing and mixing step, sterilization or sterilization step of supercritical or subcritical condition of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C or higher, dehydration condensation step, extrusion thermoplastic step %, A composition comprising 10 to 60% by weight of a polysaccharide such as starch, 5 to 40% by weight of an edible plasticizer, by a crushing and mixing process, a sterilization or sterilization process at 100 ° C. or higher, a dehydration condensation process, and an extrusion thermoplastic process Convert to thermoplastic resin.
本発明の魚餌は水産廃棄物を主原料として利用しているため、資源の有効利用ができ、水産廃棄物処理上の問題解決の一助となり得る。また、魚餌の製造時における１００℃以上の炭酸ガス超臨界又は亜臨界条件下で殺菌又は滅菌する工程は低コストで実施できるため、原料コストと併せて経済的に製造できる。また、原料である水産廃棄物を適宜選択することにより、魚種に応じた自然餌に近い魚餌を提供することができる。 Since the fish bait of the present invention uses marine waste as a main raw material, it can effectively use resources and can help solve problems in the processing of marine waste. Moreover, since the process of sterilization or sterilization under carbon dioxide gas supercritical or subcritical conditions of 100 ° C. or higher at the time of production of fish food can be performed at low cost, it can be economically manufactured together with raw material costs. Moreover, the fish food close | similar to the natural food according to a fish kind can be provided by selecting the marine waste which is a raw material suitably.
本発明の魚餌の比重は１．００から１．１５であり、用途により比重を調整することが可能である。このため、水中での沈降速度を適宜選択することができ、摂取効率に優れている。したがって、養殖場における沈降魚餌による環境汚染を招かない。また、本発明の魚餌は押出し熱可塑成形により製造しているため、サイズを自由に変化させることができ、魚の成長の度合いに応じて調節することが可能である。また、水分含有率が低いため酸化防止を図った軽包装で長期間保管することができる。 The specific gravity of the fish bait of the present invention is 1.00 to 1.15, and the specific gravity can be adjusted depending on the application. For this reason, the sedimentation rate in water can be selected suitably, and it is excellent in ingestion efficiency. Therefore, it does not cause environmental pollution by sedimentary fish food in the farm. Moreover, since the fish bait of the present invention is manufactured by extrusion thermoplastic molding, the size can be freely changed and can be adjusted according to the degree of fish growth. In addition, since the moisture content is low, it can be stored for a long time in a light package designed to prevent oxidation.
水産物には魚介類、海藻類などがあり、水産廃棄物には加工商品化の途中で魚介類や海藻類から除外された部分、例えば魚類の頭、尾鰭、中骨、内臓、貝類の内臓、海藻類の根、腐敗した魚介類などがある。本発明にはこれらのいずれのものも原料として使用することができる。また、保管状態が悪く、部分的に腐敗が認められ食用に不適当になった水産物も同様に原料として使用することができ経済的である。また、使用する水産廃棄物を適宜選択することにより、魚種に適応した自然餌に近い魚餌を提供することができる。 Seafood includes seafood, seaweeds, etc., and marine waste includes parts that have been excluded from seafood and seaweed during processing and commercialization, such as fish heads, tail fins, midbones, internal organs, shellfish internal organs, There are seaweed roots and spoiled seafood. Any of these can be used as a raw material in the present invention. In addition, marine products that are poorly stored and partially rotted and unfit for food use can be used as raw materials and are economical. Moreover, the fish food close | similar to the natural food adapted to the fish kind can be provided by selecting the marine waste to be used suitably.
また、栄養分がそのままで魚の骨まで可食に加工された缶詰を想起すると、本発明工程で処理された骨、貝殻および甲殻類の殻も魚餌として問題ないことが分かる。また貝殻は魚餌の比重調節剤として使用される。成魚の肥育には脂肪の多い魚餌を給餌するが、脂肪が多くなると魚餌の比重は小さくなる。本発明では必要に応じ比重調節剤として、例えば、ほたて貝の貝殻粉末（真比重は２．７）を０から１５重量％程度配合する。 Moreover, when recalling canned foods that are processed edible up to the bones of the fish with the nutrients intact, it can be seen that the bones, shells and shellfish shells processed in the process of the present invention have no problem as fish food. Shells are also used as a specific gravity regulator for fish food. For fattening adult fish, a fish food with a lot of fat is fed, but when the fat increases, the specific gravity of the fish food decreases. In the present invention, for example, about 0 to 15% by weight of scallop shell powder (true specific gravity is 2.7) is blended as a specific gravity adjusting agent as necessary.
本発明では、通常は廃棄物として扱われる魚類の残滓などの水産廃棄物をより多く主原料として使用する方が経済的に有利であり、有機資源の有効利用ができるため望ましい。しかし、使用する原料が水産廃棄物のみでは熱可塑化が上手く行えず、魚餌自体の強度が不足し水中での分解および崩壊速度が大きくなり過ぎることがある。そのため、使用する水産廃棄物の重量配合量は原材料全体の２０重量％〜６０重量％であることが望ましい。さらに好ましくは４０重量％〜６０重量％であることが望ましい。 In the present invention, it is economically advantageous to use more marine waste such as fish residue normally handled as waste as a main raw material, and it is desirable because organic resources can be effectively used. However, if the raw material used is only marine waste, thermoplasticization cannot be performed well, the strength of the fish food itself is insufficient, and the decomposition and disintegration rate in water may become too high. Therefore, it is desirable that the amount of marine waste used is 20 to 60% by weight of the total raw material. More preferably, it is 40 to 60% by weight.
水産廃棄物の繋ぎ材料として多糖類を使用することにより、本発明の魚餌の強度の向上、膨潤速度および崩壊速度を低下させることができる。多糖類としては澱粉、セルロース、ヘミセルロースなどを使用する。多糖類が多く含まれるイモ類、穀類などをそのまま使用することもできる。多糖類の配合量は使用する水産廃棄物の種類により異なる。また、澱粉、セルロースなどは比重が１．５と大きいので、脂肪分が多い材料の場合は比重を大きくするための増量剤としても使用することができる。この多糖類の重量配合量については、原材料全体の１０重量％〜６０重量％であることが望ましい。さらに好ましくは１０重量％〜３５重量％であることが望ましい。また、このように繋ぎ材料として通常の石油由来のプラスチック樹脂ではなく植物由来の安価な澱粉等の多糖類を使用することは、経済的に有利であり、また自然環境に対しても優しい。 By using a polysaccharide as a connecting material for marine waste, the strength, swelling rate and disintegration rate of the fish food of the present invention can be reduced. As the polysaccharide, starch, cellulose, hemicellulose and the like are used. Potatoes and grains containing a large amount of polysaccharides can be used as they are. The amount of polysaccharides varies depending on the type of marine waste used. Further, since starch, cellulose and the like have a large specific gravity of 1.5, they can be used as a bulking agent for increasing the specific gravity in the case of a material having a large amount of fat. About the weight compounding quantity of this polysaccharide, it is desirable that it is 10 to 60 weight% of the whole raw material. More preferably, the content is 10% by weight to 35% by weight. Moreover, it is economically advantageous to use polysaccharides such as plant-derived inexpensive starch instead of ordinary petroleum-derived plastic resins as the linking material, and it is also friendly to the natural environment.
また、本発明の魚餌の強度の向上、膨潤速度および分解・崩壊速度を低下させるために生分解性の樹脂を使用することもできる。生分解性樹脂としては脂肪族、芳香族のポリエステル又はそれらの共重合ポリエステルなどを使用することができる。 In addition, a biodegradable resin can be used to improve the strength of the fish food of the present invention, and reduce the swelling rate and degradation / disintegration rate. As the biodegradable resin, aliphatic polyester, aromatic polyester or copolymerized polyester thereof can be used.
本発明の魚餌は水産物を含む水産廃棄物と多糖類を混合し、押出し機により熱可塑化することにより樹脂化し、これを冷却して固化させることにより固形状の魚餌とするものである。熱可塑化する場合、可塑剤を加えることにより、熱可塑性を向上させることができる。また、可塑剤の配合量を増加させることにより、さらに熱可塑性を向上させることができる。可塑剤には可食性のグリセリン、プロピレングリコール、ソルビトールなどが使用できる。 The fish bait of the present invention is obtained by mixing a marine waste containing a marine product and a polysaccharide, making it resin by thermoplasticizing with an extruder, and cooling it to solidify it to obtain a solid fish bait. When thermoplasticizing, thermoplasticity can be improved by adding a plasticizer. Further, the thermoplasticity can be further improved by increasing the blending amount of the plasticizer. Edible glycerin, propylene glycol, sorbitol and the like can be used as the plasticizer.
また、可塑剤の添加は熱可塑性を向上させるだけでなく、熱可塑化した樹脂に柔軟性を持たせることができる。例えば、本発明の魚餌をマグロ延縄漁などのイワシやサンマなどの生魚を餌として行われる漁法において使用する場合、マグロが魚餌を食べた際の感触はイワシやサンマの魚体と同様の状態にすることが望ましい。すなわち、天然の魚類に似た適度な柔軟性を持たせることが好ましいことがわかる。本発明の魚餌は可塑剤の配合量を多くすることにより優れた柔軟性を持たせることができる。経済性を考慮すると、可食性可塑剤の重量配合量は原材料全体の５重量％〜４０重量％であることが望ましい。さらに好ましくは５重量％〜２５重量％であることが望ましい。 Moreover, the addition of a plasticizer not only improves the thermoplasticity but also allows the thermoplasticized resin to have flexibility. For example, when the fish food of the present invention is used in a fishing method in which raw fish such as sardines or saury is used as a feed for tuna longline fishing, the feeling when tuna eats the fish food is the same state as the fish body of sardines and saury It is desirable. That is, it can be seen that it is preferable to have an appropriate flexibility similar to that of natural fish. The fish bait of the present invention can have excellent flexibility by increasing the blending amount of the plasticizer. In consideration of economy, it is desirable that the weight blending amount of the edible plasticizer is 5 to 40% by weight of the whole raw material. More preferably, it is 5 to 25% by weight.
また、上記の各可塑剤を配合する際に、魚油、肝油、エビ油、イカ油を併用すると、本発明の魚餌に可塑性や柔軟性を持たせるだけでなく、摂餌成分としての働きを持たせることができる。また、その他に、摂餌成分として各種アミノ酸ならびにアミノ酸混合物、ビタミン、ミネラル、色素、脂肪などの許可された添加剤、水産動物エキスや精製魚油（油脂）等を必要に応じて配合し使用することもできる。 In addition, when blending each of the plasticizers described above, when fish oil, liver oil, shrimp oil, and squid oil are used in combination, the fish food of the present invention not only has plasticity and flexibility, but also functions as a feeding component. Can be made. In addition, various amino acids and amino acid mixtures, permitted additives such as vitamins, minerals, pigments, fats, aquatic animal extracts and refined fish oils (oils and fats) should be added and used as necessary. You can also.
魚餌は最終的には魚の生息環境から除外される必要があるため、川底あるいは海底に沈降させしまう必要がある。淡水と海水により異なるが、これらの比重より大きいことが必要である。淡水の比重は温度により異なるが１から０．９９５、海水の比重は場所と温度により異なるが１．０２８から１．０２０である。魚餌比重が１．００未満では淡水においても長期に水面に浮遊し、腐敗が起こり、魚の生息環境を汚染する。魚餌比重が１．１５を越えると海水中であっても沈降速度が大き過ぎ、魚餌の摂取効率が低下する。また、海底に沈降した魚餌が腐敗し、生息環境を汚染する。しかし、前述のとおり、本発明の魚餌は比重調整剤を使用することにより、必要に応じて吸水後の比重を１から１．１５にコントロールできるためこのような汚染は生じ難い。 Since fish food needs to be finally excluded from the fish habitat, it needs to sink to the bottom of the river or sea. Although it differs depending on fresh water and seawater, it is necessary to be larger than these specific gravity. The specific gravity of fresh water varies from 1 to 0.995 depending on the temperature, and the specific gravity of seawater varies from 1.028 to 1.020 depending on the location and temperature. If the fish feed specific gravity is less than 1.00, even in fresh water, it floats on the water surface for a long time, causing rot and polluting the fish habitat. If the fish feed specific gravity exceeds 1.15, the sedimentation speed is too large even in seawater, and the intake efficiency of the fish feed decreases. In addition, fish food that sinks to the bottom of the sea rots and pollutes the habitat. However, as described above, the fish bait of the present invention is less susceptible to such contamination because the specific gravity after water absorption can be controlled from 1 to 1.15 as necessary by using a specific gravity adjusting agent.
魚餌の比重の測定は魚餌小片を不織布製ティーバッグに入れ純水に１時間浸漬後、遠心脱水機で付着水を除去し、ティーバッグごと秤量瓶に移して計量し、ティーバッグ重量を差し引いた重量Ｘ１を求め、次に、標線まで純水Wを加え計量しＸ２を求めた。予め秤量瓶の質量Ｘ０と標線までの純水の質量W０、ティーバッグの容量ＴＶを求め、計算式ＳＧ＝Ｘ１／（W０＋Ｘ１−Ｘ２−ＴＶ）から吸水後の魚餌比重ＳＧを求めた。 The specific gravity of the fish bait was measured by placing a small piece of fish bait in a non-woven tea bag and immersing it in pure water for 1 hour, removing the adhering water with a centrifugal dehydrator, transferring the tea bag to a weighing bottle, weighing it, and subtracting the tea bag weight. The weight X1 was determined, and then pure water W was added to the marked line and weighed to determine X2. The mass X0 of the weighing bottle, the mass W0 of pure water up to the marked line, and the capacity TV of the tea bag were obtained in advance, and the fish feed specific gravity SG after water absorption was obtained from the calculation formula SG = X1 / (W0 + X1-X2-TV).
本発明の魚餌の製造工程は強力な破砕混合工程、１００℃以上の炭酸ガス超臨界又は亜臨界条件の殺菌又は滅菌工程、脱水縮合工程、押出し熱可塑成形工程からなる一貫連続工程が好ましい。ちなみに、炭酸ガスは温度３１．１℃以上、圧力７．４８MＰa以上の条件下で超臨界状態となり、温度３１．１℃以上、圧力７．４８MＰa未満の条件下および温度３１．１℃未満、圧力７．４８MＰa以上の条件下で亜臨界状態となる。これらの工程により殺菌又は滅菌された実質的に気泡を含まない熱可塑樹脂化された固形状魚餌を得ることができる。 The production process of the fish bait of the present invention is preferably an integrated continuous process comprising a powerful crushing and mixing process, a sterilization or sterilization process of carbon dioxide supercritical or subcritical conditions at 100 ° C. or higher, a dehydration condensation process, and an extrusion thermoplastic molding process. Incidentally, carbon dioxide gas becomes a supercritical state under the conditions of a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and a pressure of 7.48 MPa or more, a temperature of 31.1 ° C. or more and a pressure of less than 7.48 MPa, and a temperature of less than 31.1 ° C., pressure 7. It becomes a subcritical state under the condition of 48 MPa or more. By these steps, it is possible to obtain a solid fish food that is sterilized or sterilized and is substantially free of bubbles and made into a thermoplastic resin.
腐敗とは細菌により蛋白質、炭水化物、脂肪などが分解された状態を意味する。腐敗したものを摂取すると分解物が動物の生体に悪影響を及ぼし中毒が発生する。しかし、本発明の魚餌の場合、部分的に腐敗した水産廃棄物を原料として利用した場合においても、１００℃以上の炭酸ガス超臨界又は亜臨界条件で殺菌又は滅菌した後、脱水縮合工程で再縮合され魚餌となるため、加工後の腐敗を防止することができ、魚に害はなく、その魚を摂取する人体にも害は及ばない。 Rotting means a state in which proteins, carbohydrates, fats and the like are decomposed by bacteria. Ingestion of spoiled food will cause the degradation products to adversely affect the animal's body and cause poisoning. However, in the case of the fish food of the present invention, even when a partially spoiled marine waste is used as a raw material, it is sterilized or sterilized under a supercritical or subcritical condition of carbon dioxide at 100 ° C. or higher, and then reused in a dehydration condensation process. Since it is condensed and becomes fish food, it can prevent spoilage after processing, there is no harm to the fish, and there is no harm to the human body that ingests the fish.
水産廃棄物には水分が多く含まれているが、これらの水は可塑剤として作用し、必要のない水分については脱水縮合工程で１５重量％以下に調整される。 Marine waste contains a lot of water, but these waters act as plasticizers, and unnecessary water is adjusted to 15% by weight or less in the dehydration condensation process.
魚餌の水分含有率の測定は１００℃の真空乾燥機の中に２４時間放置して乾燥させた後の重量と乾燥前の重量から算出し求めた。 The measurement of the moisture content of the fish bait was calculated from the weight after drying in a vacuum dryer at 100 ° C. for 24 hours and the weight before drying.
本発明の魚餌は押出し熱可塑成形による製造するため、魚餌の形状およびサイズは金型等を用いて自由に変化させることができ、魚の成長度合いにより調節することが可能である。例えば、押出し時に、粉末状或いはペレット状に熱可塑成形することにより、稚魚や小魚用の魚餌として使用することができる。また、殺菌又は滅菌されており、さらには水分含有率が低いため軽包装で長期保管することができる。 Since the fish bait of the present invention is manufactured by extrusion thermoplastic molding, the shape and size of the fish bait can be freely changed using a mold or the like, and can be adjusted according to the degree of fish growth. For example, at the time of extrusion, it can be used as a fish food for fry and small fish by thermoplastic molding into powder or pellets. Moreover, since it is sterilized or sterilized and has a low moisture content, it can be stored for a long time in a light package.
本発明の魚餌は熱可塑化した樹脂素材の色合いのまま使用することもできるが、例えば、イワシのような魚形状に成形し魚餌として使用する場合、表面全体および特定の部位に対し部分的に生分解性の塗料を塗布して被覆することで、実際のイワシやアジのような天延の魚類に似た色彩や模様などを適宜施すことができる。このように、本発明の魚餌を天然の生物により近い状態の製品にすることにより集魚効果を高めることができる。尚、生分解性の塗料とは澱粉変性系、脂肪族ポリエステル系、植物系ポリエステル系、ポリエステル系の生分解性樹脂および大豆タンパクからなるグラビアインキ及びコート剤が使用できる。 The fish bait of the present invention can be used as it is in the color of the thermoplastic resin material. For example, when the fish bait is shaped into a fish shape such as sardine and used as a fish bait, the entire surface and a specific part are partially applied. By applying and coating a biodegradable paint, it is possible to appropriately apply colors and patterns similar to Tennobu fish such as actual sardines and horse mackerel. Thus, the fish collection effect can be enhanced by making the fish food of the present invention a product closer to a natural organism. As the biodegradable coating material, a starch-modified, aliphatic polyester-based, plant-based polyester-based, polyester-based biodegradable resin and gravure ink and coating agent made of soybean protein can be used.
また、前述のように生分解性の塗料を使用し本発明の魚餌の全体若しくは特定の部位を被覆することで、次のような効果を得ることができる。例えば、後述する実施例１の魚形状の魚餌を使用する場合、海水に対する膨潤速度を遅くしたい場合については、魚餌表面の被覆させる割合を多くすることで膨潤する速度を遅めにコントロールすることができる。また、海水中において部分的に強度を持たせたい場合においてもその部分を被覆することで海水の膨潤を抑制させ強度を保持することができる。一方、被覆しない部位については海水に暴露されることで魚餌中の魚を誘引する物質が徐々に水中に流出して拡散するので、良好な集魚効果が得られる。 Moreover, the following effects can be acquired by coat | covering the whole fish feed of this invention, or a specific site | part using a biodegradable coating material as mentioned above. For example, when using the fish-shaped fish bait of Example 1 to be described later, when it is desired to slow down the swelling rate with respect to seawater, the rate of swelling can be controlled to be slow by increasing the ratio of covering the surface of the fish bait. it can. Further, even when it is desired to give strength partially in the seawater, the strength can be maintained by covering the portion to suppress the swelling of the seawater. On the other hand, a portion that is not covered is exposed to seawater, so that a substance that attracts fish in the fish feed gradually flows out into the water and diffuses, so that a good fish collection effect can be obtained.
マグロ延縄漁など冷凍や生のイワシやサンマのような比較的大きな餌を使用する場合、餌の厚みが１０ｍｍ〜３０ｍｍと大きくなり、釣り針の装着作業が円滑に行えない場合が多い。また、さらに餌となる生魚の品質が悪い場合、針を装着する際に餌が千切れ損傷するなど、歩留まりが悪い状況が発生する。しかし、本発明の魚餌の場合、使用する釣り針の大きさに合わせて、予め釣り針を装着するための取付穴を加工しておくことができる。これにより釣り針の取り付けが容易になり、魚餌装着作業を円滑に行うことができる。また、魚餌の損傷も発生しないため歩留まりが向上する。 When using relatively large baits such as frozen or raw sardines and saury such as tuna longline fishing, the thickness of the baits becomes as large as 10 mm to 30 mm, and it is often impossible to smoothly mount the fishing hook. In addition, when the quality of raw fish used as food is poor, a situation occurs in which the yield is poor, for example, when the needle is attached, the food is broken. However, in the case of the fish bait of the present invention, an attachment hole for attaching the fishhook can be processed in advance according to the size of the fishhook to be used. Thereby, attachment of a fishhook becomes easy and fish bait installation work can be performed smoothly. In addition, the yield is improved because the fish bait is not damaged.
生アジ３５重量％、トウモロコシ澱粉３０重量％、グリセリン２５．２重量％、乳酸（５０％水溶液）２．７重量％、生分解性樹脂（エコフレックス：商品名 ＢＡＳＦジャパン株式会社製）５．９重量％、飽和炭酸水（Ｐｈ＝４．５）０．４重量％、精製魚油０．８重量％を投入し、破砕混合工程で粉砕混合したスラリー（かゆ状の混合物）をせん断力下、１４５℃、３MＰａで滅菌処理を行った。その後、連続した減圧状態での脱水縮合工程でスラリーの水分を１５重量％に調整し、縦１６ｍｍ、横３０ｍｍのノズルからダイス圧力０．３MＰａで押出し、魚形状の金型を装着したプレス機を使用してイワシやアジに似た魚形状に成形した。製造した魚形状の魚餌には適度の弾力性があり、魚にとって摂餌し易い柔らかさであることが確認できた。 Raw horse mackerel 35% by weight, corn starch 30% by weight, glycerin 25.2% by weight, lactic acid (50% aqueous solution) 2.7% by weight, biodegradable resin (Ecoflex: trade name manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) 5.9 % By weight, 0.4% by weight of saturated carbonated water (Ph = 4.5) and 0.8% by weight of refined fish oil, and the slurry (boiled mixture) pulverized and mixed in the crushing and mixing step is subjected to a shear force of 145 Sterilization was performed at 3 ° C and 3 ° C. After that, the water content of the slurry was adjusted to 15% by weight in a dehydration-condensation process in a continuous reduced pressure state, extruded from a nozzle of 16 mm length and 30 mm width at a die pressure of 0.3 MPa, and a press machine equipped with a fish-shaped mold was installed. Used to shape fish shape similar to sardines and horse mackerel. It was confirmed that the manufactured fish-shaped fish food had moderate elasticity and was soft for the fish to eat.
本実施例で製造した魚形状の魚餌に対する漁獲効果について評価するため、天然餌の需要が最も多いマグロ延縄漁において、マグロ類の魚が漁獲されるかどうかの確認を行うための試験を実施した。試験は２週間に渡って、宮崎県日向市細島周辺の近海において、延縄船によるマグロ延縄漁で行った。魚餌の実験船への持ち込みはポリエチレン製の袋に詰めて行い、試験期間中の保管についても船上で空気にさらしたまま保管すると海水にさらされ分解や劣化が生じることが考えられるため、ポリエチレン製の袋に詰めて常温にて保管した。 In order to evaluate the fishing effect on the fish-shaped fish bait produced in this example, a test was conducted to check whether tuna fish were caught in tuna longline fishing where the demand for natural bait is the highest. . The test was conducted for 2 weeks by tuna longline fishing using a longline boat in the water near Hososhima, Hyuga City, Miyazaki Prefecture. Carrying fish bait into a test vessel is carried out in a polyethylene bag, and storage during the test period may occur when exposed to air on the vessel, causing degradation and deterioration due to exposure to seawater. And stored at room temperature.
本実施例魚餌の釣果について評価する際に延縄漁で使用した漁具の規模は７８鉢（１５針／鉢）であり、針の数は総数で１１７０本である。漁具への餌の取り付け方法は、漁具全体にわたって１鉢単位で本発明魚餌を取り付けた。１鉢の釣り針の数は１５本であり、その１５本の針全部に本実施例魚餌を取り付けたため、漁具全体として１１７０尾（１５針×７８鉢）の本実施例魚餌を使用した。実験を実施したところ、マグロ以外のサメやサワラを始めとした各種の雑魚も含めて漁獲された魚のすべての数は合計で１６匹であった。よって、漁獲された魚の数１６尾と投げ縄時に針に付けた餌数１１７０個から求められる漁獲率は１．３６％である。この結果から、本発明魚餌には間違いなく魚類の釣果があることを確認できた。また、針に餌を取り付ける際や針に付けた後の投げ縄の際も千切れたりすることはなく、針持ちの強度が十分あることも確認できた。揚げ縄の際に海水に１０時間以上つけて針に残っていた本発明の魚餌の官能検査を実施したところ、明らかに試験前と同様の匂いが残存しており、官能的な臭いの持続性は十分にあることが確認できた。また、海水中で１０時間使用した後の本発明魚餌が針から外れることなく残っていたことから、水中への投入時の遠心力、水中での抵抗力が加わっても針から容易に脱落することがないことが確認できた。 The scale of fishing gear used in longline fishing when evaluating the fishing results of this example fish bait is 78 bowls (15 needles / bowl), and the total number of needles is 1170. As a method for attaching bait to fishing gear, the fish bait of the present invention was attached in units of one pot over the entire fishing gear. The number of fishing hooks in one bowl is 15, and since the fish food of this example was attached to all 15 needles, 1170 fish (15 needles × 78 bowls) of this example were used as the fishing gear as a whole. When the experiment was carried out, the total number of fish caught, including sharks other than tuna and various miscellaneous fish including sawaras, was 16 in total. Therefore, the catch rate obtained from 16 fish caught and 1170 bait attached to the needle at the time of lasso is 1.36%. From this result, it was confirmed that the fish bait of the present invention definitely has fish. Also, when attaching bait to the needle or when lassoing it after being attached to the needle, it was not broken, and it was confirmed that the strength of holding the needle was sufficient. The sensory test of the fish food of the present invention that was left on the needle for 10 hours or more in the case of a deep-foiled rope showed that the same odor as before the test remained and the persistence of the sensory odor It was confirmed that there was enough. Further, since the fish food of the present invention after being used in seawater for 10 hours remained without detaching from the needle, it easily falls out of the needle even when centrifugal force and resistance in water are added. It was confirmed that there was nothing.
成形した直後の魚餌の水分を、１００℃で１０時間真空乾燥機に放置し、乾燥前後の質量を計量し、測定した結果、７重量％であった。ポリエチレン内装２５ｋｇ用紙袋にヒートシールし、３０日間倉庫に保管した後、開封し外観、異臭の発生を確認したが、黴の発生、腐敗は認められず、臭いも変わらなかった。 The moisture of the fish food immediately after molding was left in a vacuum dryer at 100 ° C. for 10 hours, and the mass before and after drying was measured and measured, and the result was 7% by weight. After heat-sealing in a 25 kg paper bag with polyethylene interior and storing in a warehouse for 30 days, it was opened and the appearance and generation of a strange odor were confirmed, but generation of soot and decay were not observed, and the odor was not changed.
実施例１と同様にして主原料を生マイワシ３５重量％、トウモロコシ澱粉３０重量％、グリセリン２５．２重量％、乳酸（５０％水溶液）２．７重量％、生分解性樹脂（エコフレックス：商品名 ＢＡＳＦジャパン株式会社製）５．９重量％、飽和炭酸水（Ｐｈ＝４．５）０．４重量％、精製魚油０．８重量％を投入し、破砕混合工程で粉砕混合したスラリー（かゆ状の混合物）をせん断力下、１４５℃、３MＰaで滅菌処理を行った。その後、連続した減圧状態での脱水縮合工程でスラリーの水分を１５重量％未満に調整し、縦１６ｍｍ、横３０ｍｍのノズルからダイス前圧力０．３MＰaで押出し、魚形状の金型を装着したプレス機を使用してイワシやアジに似た魚形状に成形された本発明の魚餌を製造した。また、同様にダイス前圧力１MＰaで直径２．５ｍｍのノズルから押出し、ホットカッターでペレット状の魚餌を成形した。 In the same manner as in Example 1, the main raw materials were raw sardine 35% by weight, corn starch 30% by weight, glycerin 25.2% by weight, lactic acid (50% aqueous solution) 2.7% by weight, biodegradable resin (Ecoflex: product) Name BASF Japan Co., Ltd.) 5.9 wt%, saturated carbonated water (Ph = 4.5) 0.4 wt%, refined fish oil 0.8 wt%, and slurry (boiled) crushed and mixed in the crushing and mixing step The mixture was sterilized at 145 ° C. and 3 MPa under shear force. After that, the water content of the slurry was adjusted to less than 15% by weight in a continuous dehydration-condensation process under reduced pressure, extruded from a nozzle 16 mm long and 30 mm wide at a pre-die pressure of 0.3 MPa, and a press equipped with a fish-shaped mold. The fish bait of the present invention formed into a fish shape similar to sardines and horse mackerel was produced using a machine. Similarly, extrusion was performed from a nozzle with a diameter of 2.5 mm at a pre-die pressure of 1 MPa, and pelleted fish food was formed with a hot cutter.
実施例２において製造したペレット状の魚餌を使用し、常温の海水中における沈降速度を測定した結果、約１．８ｍ／分であった。これにより、沈降するまでに魚が摂取するに十分な時間があることが確認できた。 The pelletized fish food produced in Example 2 was used, and the sedimentation rate in seawater at room temperature was measured. As a result, it was about 1.8 m / min. This confirmed that there was enough time for the fish to ingest before settling.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010035434A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-18 | Yasui Kk | Smooth solid-shaped fish bait and method for producing the same |
| JP2012139181A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-26 | Yasui Kk | Thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding and method of manufacturing the same |
| EP2412248A4 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2017-06-21 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. | Feed for fish farming |
| CN113727610A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-11-30 | 斯克雷廷水产养殖研究中心公司 | Feed for aquatic organisms having stable, soft and elastic texture |
| JP2022537599A (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-08-26 | テウォン ソン | Method for producing adhesive fishing bait using grains and marine organisms |
| JP7494189B2 (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2024-06-03 | スクレッティング アクアカルチャー リサーチ センター アーエス | Feed for aquatic species with a stable, soft and chewy texture |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2005130823A (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-26 | Yasui Kk | Fish feed |
| JP2006501540A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2006-01-12 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Printing paper for tachograph |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2006501540A (en) * | 2002-07-17 | 2006-01-12 | シーメンス アクチエンゲゼルシヤフト | Printing paper for tachograph |
| JP2005130823A (en) * | 2003-10-31 | 2005-05-26 | Yasui Kk | Fish feed |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2010035434A (en) * | 2008-07-31 | 2010-02-18 | Yasui Kk | Smooth solid-shaped fish bait and method for producing the same |
| EP2412248A4 (en) * | 2009-03-25 | 2017-06-21 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. | Feed for fish farming |
| US9961924B2 (en) | 2009-03-25 | 2018-05-08 | Nippon Suisan Kaisha, Ltd. | Feed for fish farming |
| JP2012139181A (en) * | 2010-12-29 | 2012-07-26 | Yasui Kk | Thermoplastic starch hybrid feed molding and method of manufacturing the same |
| CN113727610A (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2021-11-30 | 斯克雷廷水产养殖研究中心公司 | Feed for aquatic organisms having stable, soft and elastic texture |
| EP3917331A4 (en) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-10-12 | Skretting Aquaculture Research Centre AS | Feed for aquatic species with a stable soft and elastic texture |
| JP7494189B2 (en) | 2019-01-28 | 2024-06-03 | スクレッティング アクアカルチャー リサーチ センター アーエス | Feed for aquatic species with a stable, soft and chewy texture |
| JP2022537599A (en) * | 2019-10-04 | 2022-08-26 | テウォン ソン | Method for producing adhesive fishing bait using grains and marine organisms |
| JP7206439B2 (en) | 2019-10-04 | 2023-01-17 | テウォン ソン | Method for producing adhesive fishing bait using grains and marine organisms |
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