JP2008072774A - Natural energy generated output equalization arrangement - Google Patents

Natural energy generated output equalization arrangement Download PDF

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JP2008072774A
JP2008072774A JP2006246229A JP2006246229A JP2008072774A JP 2008072774 A JP2008072774 A JP 2008072774A JP 2006246229 A JP2006246229 A JP 2006246229A JP 2006246229 A JP2006246229 A JP 2006246229A JP 2008072774 A JP2008072774 A JP 2008072774A
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Seiji Harada
誠司 原田
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Meidensha Corp
Meidensha Electric Manufacturing Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a natural energy generated output equalization arrangement in which full charging can be performed periodically one by one while sustaining power equalization of required capacity as a system, and soundness of lead battery can be sustained for a long period. <P>SOLUTION: For the number n of installed PCS required in a system, m redundant PCS are arranged. A central controller operates I/O power of the system. Assuming the total capacity of the system is E, the operating section of the controller operates the power set value E/n and creates the control signal for each of n PCS. A full charge control command is given to the redundant PCS through a full charge command section. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、自然エネルギー発電電力平準化装置に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a natural energy generated power leveling apparatus.

パワーコンディショナＰＣＳ（Power Conversion System）を用いて、電力負荷の少ない深夜電力を貯蔵し、その貯蔵した電力を昼間のピーク時に放電して負荷の平準化を図ることが行われている。また、自然エネルギーを利用した発電設備の自然変動による出力変動を吸収することも、特許文献１、２によって公知となっている。   A power conditioner PCS (Power Conversion System) is used to store midnight power with a small power load, and discharge the stored power at the peak of the daytime to level the load. It is also known from Patent Documents 1 and 2 to absorb output fluctuations due to natural fluctuations of power generation equipment using natural energy.

図４は自然エネルギー発電設備の場合の電力平準化装置を示したものである。
自然エネルギー発電設備として、ここでは風力発電設備６と太陽光発電設備７を例示している。１は双方向のＤＣ／ＡＣコンバータからなるＰＣＳで、その直流側に電力貯蔵用の蓄電池２が接続されている。３は発電設備の出力電流を入力して高調波成分を出力するハイパスフィルタ、４は加算器で、ＰＣＳ１の出力とハイパスフィルタ３の出力とが逆極性に加算されて偏差信号が求められる。電流制御部５では偏差信号に基づいた電流制御値が演算され、制御回路を介してＰＣＳ１の出力制御が実行されて電力平準化などの制御が実施される。
特開２００１−３２７０８３号公報 特開２００３−９４１８号公報 FIG. 4 shows a power leveling device in the case of a natural energy power generation facility.
Here, wind power generation equipment 6 and solar power generation equipment 7 are illustrated as natural energy power generation equipment. Reference numeral 1 denotes a PCS composed of a bidirectional DC / AC converter, and a power storage battery 2 is connected to the DC side thereof. Reference numeral 3 denotes a high-pass filter that inputs an output current of the power generation facility and outputs a harmonic component, and reference numeral 4 denotes an adder. The output of the PCS 1 and the output of the high-pass filter 3 are added to opposite polarities to obtain a deviation signal. The current control unit 5 calculates a current control value based on the deviation signal, executes output control of the PCS 1 via the control circuit, and performs control such as power leveling.
JP 2001-327083 A JP 2003-9418 A

自然エネルギー発電設備のうちでも、特に風力発電においては、出力変動を吸収する蓄電機能付きのシステムによる系統の安定と自然エネルギー活用の両立が模索されている。
また、マイクログリッドに代表される複数の自然エネルギーとその他の電源を、その地域の中で効率的に運用していく試みの中でも、既存の電力会社に対する同時同量制御の中から、需要供給のバランス調整用としての蓄電が求められている。 Among the natural energy power generation facilities, particularly in wind power generation, both the stability of the system and the utilization of natural energy are being sought by a system with a power storage function that absorbs output fluctuations.
In addition, among the attempts to efficiently operate multiple natural energy and other power sources typified by microgrids in the region, demand supply and demand can be controlled from the same amount control for existing power companies. There is a need for power storage for balance adjustment.

このような要望に基づき、電力平準化対策用の蓄電装置としては、２次電池や電気二重層キャパシタが用いられている。現在では、電気二重層キャパシタはエネルギー密度が低いため、その特性を利用して数秒の短時間対応に使用されようとしている。   Based on such demands, secondary batteries and electric double layer capacitors are used as power storage devices for power leveling. At present, since the electric double layer capacitor has a low energy density, it is being used for a short time of several seconds by utilizing its characteristics.

一方、数十秒から数時間に対応できる２次電池としては、鉛蓄電池、Li−ion電池、NAS電池等が挙げられている。これらの２次電池のうち、価格的に安く、Naなど反応の激しい物質を使用していないため安全性から見た場合の設置制限も少ないことから、鉛蓄電池がもっとも普及している。この反面、鉛蓄電池はきちんと満充電状態(１００%)にしておかないと、容量低下を起こしてしまう特性を有しており、また、１００%の充電状態にするためには、最後の３%程度を充電するために長時間を要するマイナス面を有している。
したがって、自然エネルギーによる発電電力平準化を行う場合、鉛蓄電池を健全状態に維持して長期運転することは困難となっている。 On the other hand, examples of secondary batteries that can handle several tens of seconds to several hours include lead storage batteries, Li-ion batteries, and NAS batteries. Among these secondary batteries, lead-acid batteries are the most popular because they are inexpensive and do not use a highly reactive substance such as Na. On the other hand, lead-acid batteries have the characteristic of causing a capacity drop if not fully charged (100%). In order to achieve 100% charge, the last 3% It has the downside that it takes a long time to charge the degree.
Therefore, when leveling the generated power by natural energy, it is difficult to operate the lead storage battery for a long time while maintaining a healthy state.

本発明は、かかる点に鑑みてなされたもので、その目的とするところは、自然エネルギー発電電力の平準化装置を提供することにある。   This invention is made | formed in view of this point, The place made into the objective is to provide the leveling apparatus of natural energy generated electric power.

本発明の請求項１は、自然エネルギー発電設備の電力系統にそれぞれ鉛蓄電池を有する複数のパワーコンディショナを接続し、制御装置からの制御指令にてパワーコンディショナを制御することで発電電力の平準化を行うシステムにおいて、
前記システムで必要とするパワーコンディショナの設置台数ｎに対してｍ台のパワーコンディショナを冗長配置し、前記制御装置はシステムの設定電力値と電力検出値との差信号を求め、制御装置の演算部で前記システムの全体容量をＥとしたときＥ／ｎの電力設定値を演算してｎ台各パワーコンディショナの制御信号を生成すると共に、冗長配置したパワーコンディショナに対して満充電指令部を介して満充電制御を行うことを特徴としたものである。 Claim 1 of the present invention connects a plurality of power conditioners each having a lead storage battery to the power system of the natural energy power generation facility, and controls the power conditioner by a control command from the control device, thereby leveling the generated power. In the system that performs
M power conditioners are redundantly arranged with respect to the number n of power conditioners installed in the system, and the control device obtains a difference signal between the set power value of the system and the detected power value, and When the total capacity of the system is E, the calculation unit calculates an E / n power setting value to generate a control signal for each of the n power conditioners, and a full charge command for redundantly arranged power conditioners The full charge control is performed via the unit.

本発明の請求項２は、満充電指令部に満充電判別手段と選択制御手段を備え、満充電判別手段は満充電完了後に一定時間休止後に他の鉛蓄電池と略同容量となるよう放電指令を出力する機能を有し、選択制御手段は満充電対象の鉛蓄電池に対する選択切換えを行う機能を有することを特徴としたものである。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, the full charge command section includes a full charge determination means and a selection control means, and the full charge determination means has a discharge command so as to have substantially the same capacity as other lead storage batteries after a certain period of rest after completion of full charge. And the selection control means has a function of performing selective switching with respect to a fully charged lead storage battery.

本発明の請求項３は、地域内に前記自然エネルギー発電設備の他に分散された発電システムを備え、これら発電設備、発電システム及び負荷の電力を個別に検出して前記制御装置で和の電力検出値を求め、この電力検出値を基に発電システム個別の電力設定値を演算して当該発電システムの制御指令とすることを特徴としたものである。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, a power generation system distributed in addition to the natural energy power generation facility is provided in an area. The power of the power generation facility, the power generation system, and the load is individually detected, and the power is summed by the control device. A detection value is obtained, and a power setting value for each power generation system is calculated based on the power detection value to obtain a control command for the power generation system.

以上のとおり、本発明によれば、ＰＣＳを順次選択して鉛蓄電池を満充電とするため、システムとしての必要容量の電力平準化を保ちながら１台ずつ周期的に順次満充電とすることを可能とし、鉛蓄電池の健全性を長期間保つことができる。１セットで鉛蓄電池を設置する場合、平列数が組電池ごとの配線距離（線路インピーダンス）により制限されることがあるが、本発明ではＰＣＳ毎に分散するため、鉛蓄電池配置の自由度が増し、鉛蓄電池の分配配置が可能となる。   As described above, according to the present invention, since the lead storage battery is fully charged by sequentially selecting the PCS, it is possible to sequentially fully charge one by one while maintaining the power leveling of the required capacity as the system. It is possible to maintain the soundness of the lead-acid battery for a long time. When installing lead storage batteries in one set, the number of parallel rows may be limited by the wiring distance (line impedance) for each assembled battery. In addition, the distribution of lead-acid batteries becomes possible.

また、設置したＰＣＳは１台分の冗長があるため、ＰＣＳもしくは鉛蓄電池の不具合発生時においても、満充電周期は若干長くなるが、システムとしての必要量は確保できる。また、鉛蓄電池の劣化により更新を迎えた場合でも、同様にシステムの必要量を確保しながら更新作業を行うことができる。
さらに、マイクログリッドのような地域分散電源のトータル需要バランスの短時間調整用としても利用できるものである。 In addition, since the installed PCS is redundant, even when a failure occurs in the PCS or the lead storage battery, the full charge cycle is slightly longer, but the necessary amount as a system can be secured. Moreover, even when renewal is reached due to deterioration of the lead-acid battery, it is possible to perform renewal work while ensuring the necessary amount of the system.
Furthermore, it can also be used for short-time adjustment of the total demand balance of regional distributed power sources such as microgrids.

図１は、本発明の第１の実施例を示したもので、図４で示したＰＣＳNo.１のＰＣＳ１〜No.ｍのＰＣＳｍまでの複数で自然エネルギー発電電力の平準化システムが構成される。また、各ＰＣＳ１〜ＰＣＳｍの有する蓄電池２としては、それぞれ鉛蓄電池が用いられる。なお、システム構築するＰＣＳの数（鉛蓄電池の数）はｍ台となっているが、そのうちのｎ台で必要とする電力量を常に充放電できる容量で構成し、ｍ個目の１台は冗長構成となっている。すなわち、システム容量をまかなうためのものとしてｎ台、満充電用としてプラス１台のｍ＝ｎ＋１の冗長構成としている。したがって、必要とされる全体の電力容量をＥとした場合、１台あたりの容量Ｅ１はＥ１＝Ｅ（ｍ−１）となっている。   FIG. 1 shows a first embodiment of the present invention, and a natural energy generation power leveling system is configured by a plurality of PCS No. 1 PCS 1 to No. m PCS m shown in FIG. . Moreover, as the storage battery 2 which each PCS1-PCSm has, a lead storage battery is used, respectively. The number of PCS (number of lead-acid batteries) to construct the system is m units, but it is configured with a capacity that can always charge and discharge the electric energy required by n units, and the m-th unit is Redundant configuration. That is, a redundant configuration of m = n + 1, which is n units to cover the system capacity and one unit for full charge, is used. Therefore, when the required total power capacity is E, the capacity E1 per unit is E1 = E (m−1).

１０は中央の制御装置で、この制御装置１０には、図２で示すように自然エネルギー発電設備の出力電力を検出する電力検出部１１と、電力設定部１２、満充電指令部１３、演算部１４及び充電制御部１５などを備えている。電力設定部１２は蓄電池電力がＥ／ｎの電力となるような値に設定し、減算部１６において設定電力と自然エネルギー発電設備の出力電力との減算を実行する。演算部１４は、求められた差信号を導入してＥ／ｎの電力設定となるよう演算し、その演算値を制御信号としてｎ台の各ＰＣＳに出力する。   Reference numeral 10 denotes a central control device. The control device 10 includes a power detection unit 11 that detects the output power of the natural energy power generation facility, a power setting unit 12, a full charge command unit 13, and a calculation unit as shown in FIG. 14 and a charging control unit 15. The power setting unit 12 sets a value such that the storage battery power becomes E / n power, and the subtraction unit 16 performs subtraction between the set power and the output power of the natural energy power generation facility. The calculation unit 14 introduces the obtained difference signal and calculates the power setting to E / n, and outputs the calculated value as a control signal to each of the n PCSs.

満充電指令部１３は、図示省略された満充電判別手段と選択制御手段１３ａを備えている。満充電判別手段としては、積算充電電流及び予め規定した充電電圧に到達後の経過時間のＡＮＤ条件などで行う。また、満充電完了後は一定時間休止後に他の鉛蓄電池と同容量となるよう放電指令を出力して当該鉛蓄電池に対して放電制御を実行する。その後、選択制御手段１３ａは次の満充電対象の鉛蓄電池への選択切換えを行なうと共に、充電制御部１５に対して充電開始指令を出力する。   The full charge command unit 13 includes a full charge determination unit and a selection control unit 13a (not shown). The full charge determination means is performed based on an AND condition of an elapsed time after reaching the integrated charging current and a predetermined charging voltage. In addition, after completion of full charge, a discharge command is output so that the capacity of the lead storage battery is the same as that of the other lead storage battery after a certain period of rest, and discharge control is performed on the lead storage battery. Thereafter, the selection control means 13a performs selective switching to the next fully charged lead storage battery and outputs a charge start command to the charge control unit 15.

したがって、ｍ台のＰＣＳのうちで満充電指令部１３により選択された１台のＰＣＳは電力系統から解列され、充電制御部１５による充電制御パターンによって１００％への充電モードとなる。選択されたＰＣＳの鉛蓄電池２が満充電となると、選択制御手段１３ａは次のＰＣＳを選択し、以下同様にして順次鉛蓄電池２を満充電とするため、システムとしての必要容量の電力を保ちながら１台ずつ周期的に順次満充電とすることを可能とし、鉛蓄電池の健全性を長期間保つことができる。   Accordingly, one PCS selected by the full charge command unit 13 among the m PCSs is disconnected from the power system, and is set to a charging mode of 100% by the charge control pattern by the charge control unit 15. When the selected lead storage battery 2 of the PCS is fully charged, the selection control means 13a selects the next PCS, and in the same manner, the lead storage battery 2 is sequentially fully charged. However, it is possible to sequentially fully charge one by one and maintain the soundness of the lead storage battery for a long period of time.

なお、充電モードになっていない他のＰＣＳは、全体を監視・制御している中央制御装置１０からの指令で従来と同様の手法で充放電制御が実施されている。
また、能動的単独運転の検出機能が必要とされる場合には、各ＰＣＳ間を光ケーブルなどで連係して何れかのＰＣＳをマスターとし、他のＰＣＳをスレーブとして無効電力などの変化量に対する同期制御を行う。 The other PCS that are not in the charge mode are subjected to charge / discharge control in the same manner as in the past in accordance with a command from the central controller 10 that monitors and controls the entire PCS.
When an active islanding detection function is required, the PCSs are linked by an optical cable or the like, and one of the PCSs is set as a master, and the other PCS is set as a slave to synchronize with a change amount such as reactive power. Take control.

図３は第２の実施例を示したものである。この実施例はマイクログリッドに適用した場合で、風力発電設備６や太陽光発電７の他に、マイクロガスタービンによる廃棄物発電などの他の発電システム８と負荷９が地域内に存在する場合である。各発電設備の出力電力と負荷電力をそれぞれの電力検出部にて検出し、検出電力ＷａＷｂ…Ｗｚは加算器にて加算されて設定電力Ｅが求められる。演算部は検出電力Ｅを基にＥ／ｎの演算を実行して電力設定Ａを求め、この信号を早期制御応答用の制御信号としてｎ台の各ＰＣＳに出力する。   FIG. 3 shows a second embodiment. This embodiment is applied to a microgrid. In addition to the wind power generation facility 6 and the solar power generation 7, other power generation systems 8 such as waste power generation using a micro gas turbine and a load 9 are present in the region. is there. The output power and load power of each power generation facility are detected by the respective power detection units, and the detected power WaWb... Wz is added by an adder to obtain the set power E. The calculation unit calculates E / n based on the detected power E to obtain the power setting A, and outputs this signal to each of the n PCSs as a control signal for early control response.

さらに演算部は、地域内に分散する発電システム８に対する応答用の制御信号生成のための電力設定Ｂ、Ｃ…を演算する。例えば、電力設定Ｂは発電システム８用の設定信号Ｅｃと変化分ΔＥｃの和が電力設定Ｂとして発電システム８の制御用として出力される。分散電源として図示された発電システム８以外に存在する場合には、そのシステムに対応した電力設定Ｃ或いはＤが演算されて当該発電システムの電力設定にされる。   Further, the calculation unit calculates power settings B, C,... For generating control signals for response to the power generation systems 8 dispersed in the area. For example, the power setting B is output as the power setting B for controlling the power generation system 8 as the sum of the setting signal Ec for the power generation system 8 and the change ΔEc. If the power generation system 8 other than the power generation system 8 illustrated as a distributed power source exists, the power setting C or D corresponding to that system is calculated and set to the power setting of the power generation system.

このように制御することにより、マイクログリッドのような地域分散電源のトータル需給バランスの短時間電力調整用として使用することが可能となる。   By controlling in this way, it can be used for short-time power adjustment of the total supply and demand balance of a regional distributed power source such as a microgrid.

本発明の実施形態を示すシステム構成図。1 is a system configuration diagram showing an embodiment of the present invention. 制御装置の機能構成図。The function block diagram of a control apparatus. マイクログリッドへの適用例図。Application example to microgrid. 従来のＰＣＳの説明図。Explanatory drawing of conventional PCS.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１０… 制御装置
１１… 電力検出部
１２… 電力設定部
１３… 満充電指令部
１３ａ… 選択制御手段
１４… 演算部
１５… 充電制御部
ＰＣＳ… パワーコンディショナ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 ... Control apparatus 11 ... Electric power detection part 12 ... Electric power setting part 13 ... Full charge command part 13a ... Selection control means 14 ... Calculation part 15 ... Charge control part PCS ... Power conditioner

Claims (3)

自然エネルギー発電設備の電力系統にそれぞれ鉛蓄電池を有する複数のパワーコンディショナを接続し、制御装置からの制御指令にてパワーコンディショナを制御することで発電電力の平準化を行うシステムにおいて、
前記システムで必要とするパワーコンディショナの設置台数ｎに対してｍ台のパワーコンディショナを冗長配置し、前記制御装置はシステムの設定電力値と電力検出値との差信号を求め、制御装置の演算部で前記システムの全体容量をＥとしたときＥ／ｎの電力設定値を演算してｎ台各パワーコンディショナの制御信号を生成すると共に、冗長配置したパワーコンディショナに対して満充電指令部を介して満充電制御を行うことを特徴とした自然エネルギー発電電力平準化装置。 In a system that equalizes generated power by connecting a plurality of power conditioners each having a lead storage battery to the power system of a natural energy power generation facility and controlling the power conditioner with a control command from the control device,
M power conditioners are redundantly arranged with respect to the number n of power conditioners installed in the system, and the control device obtains a difference signal between the set power value of the system and the detected power value, and When the total capacity of the system is E, the calculation unit calculates an E / n power setting value to generate a control signal for each of the n power conditioners, and a full charge command for redundantly arranged power conditioners A natural energy generated power leveling device characterized in that full charge control is performed via a unit. 前記満充電指令部は、満充電判別手段と選択制御手段を備え、満充電判別手段は満充電完了後に一定時間休止後に他の鉛蓄電池と略同容量となるよう放電指令を出力する機能を有し、選択制御手段は満充電対象の鉛蓄電池に対する選択切換えを行う機能を有することを特徴とした請求項１記載の自然エネルギー発電電力平準化装置。 The full-charge command unit includes a full-charge determination unit and a selection control unit, and the full-charge determination unit has a function of outputting a discharge command so that the capacity becomes substantially the same as that of other lead storage batteries after a certain period of pause after completion of full charge. 2. The natural energy generated power leveling apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the selection control means has a function of performing selective switching for a lead-acid battery to be fully charged. 地域内に前記自然エネルギー発電設備の他に分散された発電システムを備え、これら発電設備、発電システム及び負荷の電力を個別に検出して前記制御装置で和の電力検出値を求め、この電力検出値を基に発電システム個別の電力設定値を演算して当該発電システムの制御指令とすることを特徴とした請求項１又は２記載の自然エネルギー発電電力平準化装置。 In addition to the natural energy power generation equipment in the area, the power generation system is distributed, and the power of the power generation equipment, the power generation system and the load is individually detected, and the power detection value is obtained by the control device. The natural energy generated power leveling apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein a power set value for each power generation system is calculated based on the value and used as a control command for the power generation system.
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JP2008104284A (en) * 2006-10-18 2008-05-01 Hitachi Ltd Dispersed power system
WO2011051997A1 (en) 2009-10-26 2011-05-05 新神戸電機株式会社 Lead storage battery operating method and electrical storage device equipped with lead storage battery operated by this operating method
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JP2015035898A (en) * 2013-08-09 2015-02-19 千代田化工建設株式会社 Equipment and method for power supply
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