JP2008070117A - Moisture content measuring device by electrical impedance and electrostatic capacity - Google Patents
Moisture content measuring device by electrical impedance and electrostatic capacity Download PDFInfo
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本発明は、果実・茶葉・加工食品・土壌など含水率を非破壊で迅速に測定するための含水率計測装置に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a moisture content measuring apparatus for rapidly measuring the moisture content of fruits, tea leaves, processed foods, soil, etc., in a non-destructive manner.
果実・茶葉・加工食品・土壌などの含水率計測は正確を期する場合、被測定物を乾燥させて計測する事が一般的である。しかしこの場合、被測定物を乾燥させるために、再利用できず、しかも乾燥時間が掛かり、オンラインでの計測は不向きと言わざるを得ない。迅速に含水率を計測する手段として、近赤外線・マイクロ波及び電気抵抗を利用した物などがあるが、これらは製茶工程の中でも利用されている。また昨今、被測定物の電気インピーダンスと静電容量を計測することにより含水率を迅速且つ高精度で測定する方法が発表され、(特許文献１)新しい含水率測定方法として注目されている。
このため、本発明が解決しようとする課題（技術的課題又は目的等）は、従来の計測装置では対応出来なかった、この新しい含水率計測方法に対応する計測装置や、サンプリング装置を実現することである。 For this reason, the problem (technical problem or purpose) to be solved by the present invention is realized by a measuring device or a sampling device corresponding to this new moisture content measuring method that could not be handled by a conventional measuring device. It is.
被測定物の電気インピーダンスと静電容量の計測により、含水率を迅速に高精度で計測する方法に対応する含水率計測装置として、請求項１は、被測定物を定期間隔或いは任意に計測可能な含水率計測用電極を備えた計測部と、該計測部を制御する制御部と、該計測部で計測される被測定物の電気インピーダンスと静電容量を同時または個別に計測できる計測回路部と、計測された値から被測定物の含水率を求める演算部と、演算部で求められた含水率を表示、或いは電気信号で外部に出力する出力部とで構成する。 As a moisture content measuring device corresponding to a method for measuring moisture content quickly and with high accuracy by measuring the electrical impedance and capacitance of the object to be measured, Claim 1 can measure the object to be measured at regular intervals or arbitrarily. Measurement unit having an electrode for measuring moisture content, a control unit for controlling the measurement unit, and a measurement circuit unit capable of simultaneously or separately measuring the electrical impedance and capacitance of the object measured by the measurement unit And a calculation unit that obtains the moisture content of the object to be measured from the measured value, and an output unit that displays the moisture content obtained by the computation unit or outputs the moisture content to the outside as an electrical signal.
請求項２は、被測定物の含水率計測部において、定期間隔或いは任意にサンプリング可能なサンプリング機構を備えたことを特徴とする、請求項１の電気インピーダンスと静電容量による含水率計測装置。既設の装置に対応する形で被測定物のオンライン計測を可能にする。 The moisture content measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the moisture content measuring unit of the object to be measured includes a sampling mechanism capable of sampling at regular intervals or arbitrarily. Enables on-line measurement of the object to be measured in a form corresponding to existing equipment.
請求項３は、サンプリング機構の含水率計測用電極に、被測定物が均一に接触するように計測用電極に対向するように設けられた押圧板とその制御機能を備える。これにより含水率計測用電極に被測定物が均一に接触するようになり、計測値が安定する。
請求項４は、サンプリング機構の含水率計測面において、計測電極が被測定物と接触しない方の面に、電極とは絶縁された導電板を設け、インピーダンスと静電容量を計測する計測部のガード端子に接続できるようにする。これにより電気インピーダンスが高い被測定物でも計測値が安定するようになる。
According to a third aspect of the present invention, the pressure measuring plate of the sampling mechanism is provided with a pressing plate provided so as to face the measuring electrode so that the object to be measured is in uniform contact with the measuring electrode. As a result, the object to be measured comes into uniform contact with the moisture content measurement electrode, and the measurement value is stabilized.
According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the moisture content measurement surface of the sampling mechanism, a conductive plate insulated from the electrode is provided on the surface where the measurement electrode is not in contact with the object to be measured, and the measurement unit measures impedance and capacitance. Allow connection to the guard terminal. As a result, the measured value becomes stable even with an object having a high electrical impedance.
本発明により、被測定物のインピーダンスと静電容量から含水率を計測する方法を利用する事ができ、被測定物の含水率を精度良く計測することができる。測定する対象物によって事前調査が必要だが、検量線と呼ばれる計測値から含水率への導出関数を設定することで、広く応用が可能である。
本実施例のような場合、インピーダンスと静電容量から茶葉含水率を求める方法では、電極と茶葉の接触面積や高インピーダンス時の計測の不安定などの問題があるが、ガード端子に対応した導電板や茶葉の押圧板など計測精度を高める工夫により、茶葉含水率の測定精度を高めることに貢献している。計測された茶葉含水率は、製茶工程中、作業者が適正な工程管理の判断基準としての値はもとより、製茶機の風量或いは熱風温度、主軸回転など製茶の主要な設定項目を制御するための重要な値である。茶葉含水率を表示或いは電気信号にて関連する制御装置に出力することにより、簡単に茶葉含水率の計測値を利用することができる。
According to the present invention, a method for measuring the moisture content from the impedance and capacitance of the object to be measured can be used, and the moisture content of the object to be measured can be accurately measured. Prior investigation is required depending on the object to be measured, but it can be widely applied by setting a derivation function for the moisture content from the measured value called a calibration curve.
In the case of this example, the method for obtaining the tea leaf moisture content from the impedance and capacitance has problems such as the contact area between the electrode and tea leaf and unstable measurement at high impedance. It contributes to improving the measurement accuracy of tea leaf moisture content by improving the measurement accuracy, such as the plate and the pressing plate of tea leaves. The measured water content of tea leaves is used to control the main setting items of tea making, such as the air volume or hot air temperature of the tea making machine, spindle rotation, etc. This is an important value. By outputting the tea leaf moisture content to the related control device by display or electrical signal, the measured value of the tea leaf moisture content can be easily used.
以下に製茶工程において、製茶機械から茶葉を定期にサンプリングしながら含水率を計測する場合の実施例を示す。 An example in the case of measuring the moisture content while regularly sampling tea leaves from a tea making machine in the tea making process is shown below.
図１は本発明の装置構成の模式図である。１は茶葉サンプリング装置であり、製茶工程中の茶葉を定間隔にサンプリングし、計測後は茶葉の排出を繰り返す。２はサンプリング装置に設置された茶葉含水率計測用電極と接続され、サンプリングされた茶葉のインピーダンスと静電容量を計測する。実施例では、茶葉のインピーダンスと静電容量を計測する回路と、計測された値から、含水率を演算する回路と演算の結果求められた茶葉含水率を表示し且つ外部に電気信号で出力する出力回路をまとめたものとした。外部に出力される出力信号としては、実施例ではシリアル信号で出力しているが、茶葉含水率に応じた電圧や電流などのアナログ信号としても良く、その出力形態は問わない。
３．は茶葉サンプリング装置のサンプリング機構を制御する制御部である。実施例では、製茶機全体を制御する制御装置に組み込まれている。制御部では、該当の製茶機械で茶葉を製茶中、定期に茶葉のサンプリングと計測及び排出を制御する。
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the apparatus configuration of the present invention. Reference numeral 1 denotes a tea leaf sampling device, which samples tea leaves in the tea making process at regular intervals, and repeats the discharge of tea leaves after measurement. 2 is connected to an electrode for measuring the moisture content of tea leaves installed in the sampling device, and measures the impedance and capacitance of the sampled tea leaves. In the embodiment, a circuit for measuring the impedance and capacitance of tea leaves, a circuit for calculating the moisture content from the measured values, and the tea leaf moisture content obtained as a result of the calculation are displayed and output to the outside as an electric signal. The output circuit is summarized. As an output signal output to the outside, a serial signal is output in the embodiment, but an analog signal such as a voltage or a current according to the tea leaf moisture content may be used, and the output form is not limited.
3. Is a controller that controls the sampling mechanism of the tea leaf sampling device. In the embodiment, it is incorporated in a control device for controlling the entire tea machine. The control unit periodically controls the sampling, measurement, and discharge of tea leaves while making the tea leaves with the corresponding tea making machine.
図２はサンプリング装置の側面図（模式図）である。茶葉サンプリング室は、下面に茶葉含水率計測用の電極板６に電極４を配置する。 FIG. 2 is a side view (schematic diagram) of the sampling device. In the tea leaf sampling chamber, the electrode 4 is disposed on the electrode plate 6 for measuring the tea leaf moisture content on the lower surface.
図３は電極の配置例である。茶葉のインピーダンスが高くなるとき、即ち茶葉の含水率の値が小さくなるとき計測値が不安定になるため、計測部のガード端子に接続するための電極とは絶縁された導電板５を設けている。これにより、インピーダンスの高くなった茶葉も安定して計測することができる。電極は、電極から計測部２までの配線材による測定抵抗を相殺するように、４極とした。 FIG. 3 shows an arrangement example of the electrodes. The measured value becomes unstable when the tea leaf impedance becomes high, that is, when the tea leaf moisture content value becomes small. Therefore, the conductive plate 5 insulated from the electrode for connection to the guard terminal of the measuring section is provided. Yes. Thereby, it is possible to stably measure tea leaves having high impedance. The electrodes were quadrupole so as to cancel out the measurement resistance due to the wiring material from the electrodes to the measuring section 2.
図４から図５は電極配置の他の場合を示している。本実施例では、製茶機械に設置する工程中の茶葉サンプリング装置を示しているが、被測定物のインピーダンス及び静電容量が計測できる電極であれば、測定対象や測定方法に応じて適宜変更しても良い。 4 to 5 show other cases of electrode arrangement. In this example, the tea leaf sampling device in the process of being installed in a tea machine is shown, but if it is an electrode that can measure the impedance and capacitance of the object to be measured, it is appropriately changed according to the measurement object and measurement method. May be.
図６は茶葉サンプリングの一連の動作を示した図である。７は、サンプリングされた茶葉を押さえる押圧板、８はサンプリングされた茶葉を製茶機内に戻す排出板である。実施例ではいずれもエアシリンダによる駆動で、制御部３によりサンプリングサイクルとして制御される。１回の茶葉サンプリングは図のａからｅの順で繰り返す。ａの状態で、製茶機内の茶葉を計測部に導入した後、ｂの様に押圧板７で茶葉を押し、均一に計測電極４に茶葉が当たるようにする。茶葉のインピーダンスと静電容量から茶葉含水率を求める方法では、電極との接触面積に影響を受けるので、常に均一に茶葉と電極が接触していることが望ましい。実施例では、押圧板７の圧力を０．１ＭＰａで計測した。電極と茶葉の接触面積を一定にする効果があれば、押圧板の圧力は問わない。サンプリング部がｂの状態で計測部２は茶葉のインピーダンスと静電容量を計測する。計測終了後はｃの様に押圧板が戻り、その後排出板が動作して、サンプリングされた茶葉を製茶機内に排出して一連の茶葉サンプリングサイクルを終える。
茶葉の１回の計測サイクルは、実施例では３０秒設定とし、そのうち８秒を計測時間としたが、これらのサイクルは適宜調整可能とした。
FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a series of operations for tea leaf sampling. 7 is a pressing plate for pressing the sampled tea leaves, and 8 is a discharge plate for returning the sampled tea leaves into the tea machine. In the embodiment, each is driven by an air cylinder and is controlled as a sampling cycle by the control unit 3. One tea leaf sampling is repeated in the order of a to e in the figure. In the state of a, the tea leaves in the tea machine are introduced into the measuring unit, and then the tea leaves are pressed by the pressing plate 7 as shown in b so that the tea leaves hit the measuring electrodes 4 uniformly. In the method of obtaining the tea leaf moisture content from the impedance and electrostatic capacity of the tea leaf, it is desirable that the tea leaf and the electrode are always in contact with each other because they are affected by the contact area with the electrode. In the example, the pressure of the pressing plate 7 was measured at 0.1 MPa. If there is an effect of making the contact area between the electrode and the tea leaf constant, the pressure of the pressing plate is not limited. In the state where the sampling unit is b, the measuring unit 2 measures the impedance and capacitance of the tea leaves. After completion of the measurement, the pressing plate returns as in c, and then the discharge plate is operated to discharge the sampled tea leaves into the tea machine and complete a series of tea leaf sampling cycles.
One measurement cycle of tea leaves was set to 30 seconds in the example, of which 8 seconds was the measurement time, but these cycles could be adjusted as appropriate.
計測部ではサンプリングされた茶葉のインピーダンスと静電容量を計測する。計測は同時に行っても、個別に行っても良いが１回にサンプリングされた茶葉に対して、インピーダンスと静電容量の２つの計測値を必要とする。計測された値を基に茶葉含水率を求めるが、今計測された茶葉のインピーダンスをＺ、静電容量をＣとすると、茶葉の含水率ωは、
ω ＝ Ａｌｏｇ（Ｚ／Ｃ）
＋ Ｂ
で導くことができる。Ａ及びＢは定数であるが、電極の材質や形状により異なる値をとる。実施例による電極形状では、Ａ＝-6.9885、Ｂ＝143.84を得た。これにより求めた茶葉含水率と乾燥法による茶葉含水率との相関は図７の様になり、非常に高い相関を示す。
The measurement unit measures the impedance and capacitance of the sampled tea leaves. Measurements may be performed simultaneously or individually, but two measured values of impedance and capacitance are required for the tea leaves sampled at one time. The water content of tea leaves is calculated based on the measured values. If the impedance of tea leaves measured now is Z and the capacitance is C, the water content ω of tea leaves is
ω = Alog (Z / C)
+ B
Can be guided by. A and B are constants, but take different values depending on the material and shape of the electrode. In the electrode shape according to the example, A = −6.99885 and B = 143.84 were obtained. The correlation between the tea leaf moisture content thus obtained and the tea leaf moisture content obtained by the drying method is as shown in FIG. 7 and shows a very high correlation.
１．サンプリング部
２．計測部
３．サンプリング機構の制御部
４．計測電極
５．ガード（計測部のガード端子に対応した導電板）
６．計測板
７．押圧板
８．排出板
1. Sampling unit 2. 2. Measurement unit 3. Control unit of sampling mechanism 4. Measurement electrode Guard (conductive plate corresponding to guard terminal of measuring part)
6). Measurement board 7. Press plate 8. Discharge plate
Claims (4)
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN103412006A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-11-27 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Judgment method for appropriate rolling degree of red tea |
| CN105136872A (en) * | 2015-06-12 | 2015-12-09 | 安徽华润金蟾药业股份有限公司 | Device and method for on-line detection of moisture of traditional Chinese medicine decoction piece drying process |
| CN108279335A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-13 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of method of plant physiology capacitance under measurement specific frequency |
| RU2809808C1 (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") | Air humidity sensor |
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| CN103412006A (en) * | 2013-06-19 | 2013-11-27 | 中国农业科学院茶叶研究所 | Judgment method for appropriate rolling degree of red tea |
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| CN108279335A (en) * | 2018-02-12 | 2018-07-13 | 中国科学院地球化学研究所 | A kind of method of plant physiology capacitance under measurement specific frequency |
| RU2809808C1 (en) * | 2023-05-12 | 2023-12-19 | Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный национальный исследовательский университет" (НИУ "БелГУ") | Air humidity sensor |
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