JP2008062202A - Separator - Google Patents

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JP2008062202A
JP2008062202A JP2006244457A JP2006244457A JP2008062202A JP 2008062202 A JP2008062202 A JP 2008062202A JP 2006244457 A JP2006244457 A JP 2006244457A JP 2006244457 A JP2006244457 A JP 2006244457A JP 2008062202 A JP2008062202 A JP 2008062202A
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pipe
solvent
extract
return pipe
communicating
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JP5050456B2 (en
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Koichi Ito
鉱一 伊藤
Yoko Umeda
陽子 梅田
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Tokyo Electric Power Company Holdings Inc
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Tokyo Electric Power Co Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a separator easily taking out an extract with a small amount of a solvent, saved energy and high efficiency, without thermally degrading the extract. <P>SOLUTION: This separator separates condensed liquid into the solvent and extract, and is provided with a main pipe communicating with an extraction vessel, a receiving pipe communicating with a cooling means, and a return pipe communicating with the main pipe from the receiving pipe. The receiving pipe is connected to a three-way valve at its lower end, and communicated with the return pipe via the three-way valve. The return pipe has a vertical height holding a certain liquid level, with the other end connected to the upper part of the main pipe. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、凝縮された液体を溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a separation apparatus for separating a condensed liquid into a solvent and an extract.

従来より精油等の有用物質を取得するため、水や有機溶媒を用いて植物原料または動物原料から該有用物質を抽出することが行われている。近年は、精油等のバイオマス抽出物を得るため、水蒸気蒸留を応用した簡便な抽出装置も市販されている。   Conventionally, in order to obtain useful substances such as essential oils, extraction of the useful substances from plant raw materials or animal raw materials using water or organic solvents has been performed. In recent years, in order to obtain biomass extracts such as essential oils, a simple extraction device applying steam distillation is also commercially available.

精油等の抽出は、木の葉、実などの植物材料または動物材料から水や有機溶媒を用いて行うことが多いが、従来の2層もしくは複数溶媒系の抽出では、ある程度の時間、加熱還流した後、溶媒と抽出物とを分液漏斗を用いて液分離していた。そのため、水蒸気蒸留では、水蒸気あるいは水を大量に反応系に導入する必要があった。   Extraction of essential oils is often performed from plant materials such as leaves and fruits or animal materials using water or organic solvents, but in conventional two-layer or multi-solvent extraction, after heating and refluxing for a certain period of time, The solvent and the extract were separated using a separatory funnel. Therefore, in the steam distillation, it is necessary to introduce a large amount of steam or water into the reaction system.

また、目的物を抽出しきるまで加熱を行うため、反応初期に抽出されたものまで無駄に加熱されており、そのため折角抽出した目的物が、熱劣化してしまうなどの問題があり、熱劣化を避けるためには、抽出しきる前に加熱を停止する必要があった。   In addition, since heating is performed until the target product is completely extracted, even the product extracted at the initial stage of the reaction is wasted, and there is a problem that the target product that has been extracted is subject to thermal degradation. In order to avoid this, it was necessary to stop heating before the extraction was completed.

さらに、抽出物の溶媒への溶解度を増すためには、ある程度大量の溶媒を必要としていたため、加熱にエネルギーを要していた。   Furthermore, in order to increase the solubility of the extract in a solvent, a certain amount of solvent is required, and thus heating requires energy.

また、抽出操作後、溶媒と抽出物を分液漏斗へ移して分液する必要があるため、操作が煩雑な上、ロスが発生していた。あるいは、ロスをカバーするために、容器を溶媒で洗浄した洗浄液を回収する必要があった。   In addition, after the extraction operation, it is necessary to transfer the solvent and the extract to a separatory funnel to separate the liquid, so that the operation is complicated and loss occurs. Or in order to cover loss, it was necessary to collect | recover the washing | cleaning liquid which wash | cleaned the container with the solvent.

さらに、水蒸気蒸留では水蒸気もしくは水を大量に反応系に加える必要があるため、加熱にエネルギーがかかり、且つ、必要に応じて水を追添加する必要があった。   Furthermore, since steam distillation requires a large amount of steam or water to be added to the reaction system, it takes energy for heating, and it is necessary to add water as necessary.

抽出に使用する溶媒を減少させるため、オレンジ油からオレンジ油酸素付加物を水で抽出するにあたり、逆浸透膜等の膜分離プロセスを使用して連続的に水を分離、再循環させる方法が提案されている(特許文献1参照)。しかしながら、膜分離プロセスを利用して溶媒を再循環させることは有効な手段の一つではあるが、簡便な方法とは言い難い。
特開平6−99005号公報
In order to reduce the solvent used for extraction, a method of continuously separating and recirculating water using a membrane separation process such as reverse osmosis membrane is proposed for extracting orange oil oxygen adduct from orange oil with water. (See Patent Document 1). However, recycling the solvent using a membrane separation process is an effective means, but is not a simple method.
Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 6-99005

本発明は、少ない溶媒量で、抽出物を熱劣化させることなく、省エネルギーで、高効率に簡便に取り出すことができる分離装置を提供することを目的とする。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a separation device that can be easily and efficiently removed with low energy and without energy degradation of an extract without thermal degradation.

前記課題を解決するため、本発明者らは鋭意検討した結果、下記の構成からなる分離装置を、抽出容器と冷却管との間に設けることにより、上層に抽出物を速やかに分離し熱劣化を防ぐと共に、下層の溶媒を戻り管を通じて抽出容器に戻すことで、溶媒量を最小、かつ追添加することなく抽出、蒸留できることを見出し、本発明に到達した。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventors diligently studied, and as a result, by providing a separation apparatus having the following configuration between the extraction container and the cooling pipe, the extract is quickly separated into the upper layer and thermally deteriorated. It was found that the solvent in the lower layer was returned to the extraction vessel through the return pipe, and the amount of the solvent was minimized and extraction and distillation could be performed without additional addition.

すなわち、本発明は、凝縮された液体を溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置であって、抽出容器に連通する主管と、冷却手段に連通する受け管と、該受け管から前記主管に連通する戻り管と、を備え、前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁に連結されると共に、該三方向弁を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管は一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管の上方部分に連結されている分離装置を提供する。   That is, the present invention is a separation apparatus for separating a condensed liquid into a solvent and an extract, the main pipe communicating with the extraction container, the receiving pipe communicating with the cooling means, and the main pipe from the receiving pipe A return pipe that communicates with the return pipe, the lower end of which is connected to a three-way valve and communicates with the return pipe via the three-way valve, and the return pipe has a certain liquid level. A separation device is provided having a holding vertical height and having the other end connected to the upper portion of the main tube.

また、本発明は、凝縮された液体を溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置であって、抽出容器に連通する二つの主管と、冷却手段に連通する受け管と、該受け管から前記主管の一方に連通する戻り管と、を備え、前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁に連結されると共に、該三方向弁を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管は、一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管の上方部分に連結されている分離装置を提供する。   The present invention is also a separation device for separating the condensed liquid into a solvent and an extract, the two main pipes communicating with the extraction container, the receiving pipe communicating with the cooling means, and the receiving pipe A return pipe communicating with one of the main pipes, the receiving pipe having a lower end connected to a three-way valve and communicating with the return pipe via the three-way valve. Provided is a separation device having a vertical height to maintain a constant liquid level and having the other end connected to the upper portion of the main tube.

前記の分離装置は、凝縮された液体を、抽出溶媒と、該抽出溶媒に混和しない溶媒に溶解させた抽出物とに分離するための分離装置であっても良い。   The separation device may be a separation device for separating the condensed liquid into an extraction solvent and an extract dissolved in a solvent immiscible with the extraction solvent.

上記いずれかの分離装置は、水または有機溶媒により固体バイオマスから精油を抽出するために用いられることが好ましい。   Any of the above-described separation devices is preferably used for extracting essential oil from solid biomass with water or an organic solvent.

本発明に係る分離装置を、抽出容器と冷却管との間に設けることにより、分離装置受け管の上層に抽出物を速やかに分離することができるので、抽出物の熱劣化を防ぐと共に、下層の溶媒を戻り管を通じて抽出容器に戻すことができるので、溶媒量を最小かつ追添加することなく抽出、蒸留することができる。反応後は、三方向弁の操作により、簡便に抽出物あるいは抽出物を含有する液層を分取することができる。省溶媒の抽出なので、省エネルギーである。   By providing the separation apparatus according to the present invention between the extraction container and the cooling pipe, the extract can be quickly separated into the upper layer of the separation apparatus receiving pipe, so that the thermal degradation of the extract is prevented and the lower layer Thus, the solvent can be returned to the extraction vessel through the return pipe, so that the solvent can be extracted and distilled with a minimum amount of solvent and without additional addition. After the reaction, the extract or the liquid layer containing the extract can be easily separated by operating the three-way valve. Since it is a solvent-saving extraction, it is energy-saving.

以下、本発明に係る分離装置を図面を参照しながら詳細に説明する。図3と図6は、本発明に係る分離装置の概略構成を示す図である。   Hereinafter, a separation apparatus according to the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. 3 and 6 are diagrams showing a schematic configuration of the separation apparatus according to the present invention.

[作用]
本発明の分離装置は、抽出容器から蒸発した後、冷却手段により凝縮された液体を、溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置である。図3に示すように、分離装置30は、抽出容器に連通する主管31と、冷却手段に連通する受け管32と、該受け管から前記主管に連通する戻り管33と、を備え、前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁34に連結されると共に、該三方向弁34を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管33は、一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管の上方部分に連結されている。
本発明の分離装置において、主管は蒸気を冷却手段に導く機能と、凝縮された溶媒を抽出容器に戻す機能を有している。受け管は凝縮された液体、すなわち、抽出溶媒と抽出物を溜めて分離する機能を有している。戻り管は、受け管に溜めた液体を主管を通じて抽出容器に戻す機能を有している。
反応中は、三方向弁34を図3に示す方向に保持し、受け管と戻り管を開放する。反応の進行にともない、受け管32には凝縮された溶媒と抽出物が溜まる。溶媒の比重は、抽出物の比重よりも大きいものを選定する。下層に溜まった溶媒量が、戻り管33の最高点に到達すると、戻り管33に溜まっていた溶媒と受け管32に溜まっていた溶媒は、図3の点線で示す高さ、すなわち主管と戻り管の連結部位の高さになるまで、主管31を経由して抽出容器に戻される。受け管32には、抽出物と溶媒が残る。さらに反応が進行すると、点線の水位を維持しながら下層の溶媒が順次抽出容器に戻され、受け管32には抽出物が増えていく。
反応終了後、三方向弁34を図4に示す方向に保持し、戻り管33の出口を開放することにより、戻り管33に溜まっていた溶媒を捨てることができる。次に、三方向弁34を図5に示す方向に保持し、受け管32を開放し戻り管33を閉鎖し、受け管に溜まっていた溶媒を捨てた後、上層の抽出物のみを分離することができる。したがって、本発明の分離装置を用いることにより、上記の操作が可能になり、かつ、溶媒が循環されるので溶媒量を最小、かつ追添加することなく抽出、蒸留できるという機能を維持することができる。
また、図6に示す本発明の他の分離装置30´は、抽出容器に連通する二つの主管31a´,31b´と、冷却手段に連通する受け管32´と、該受け管から前記主管の一方(31b´)に連通する戻り管33´と、を備え、前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁34´に連結されると共に、該三方向弁34´を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管33´は、一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管31b´の上方部分に連結されている。この分離装置30´の機能は図3に示す分離装置30と同様である。この分離装置は溶媒蒸気を冷却手段に導く主管31a´と、凝縮された溶媒を抽出容器に戻す主管31b´という、機能が異なる二つの主管を備えているため、抽出時間を短縮できる効果がある。
[Action]
The separation device of the present invention is a separation device for separating the liquid condensed by the cooling means after evaporating from the extraction container into a solvent and an extract. As shown in FIG. 3, the separation device 30 includes a main pipe 31 communicating with the extraction container, a receiving pipe 32 communicating with the cooling means, and a return pipe 33 communicating from the receiving pipe to the main pipe. The lower end of the pipe is connected to the three-way valve 34 and communicates with the return pipe via the three-way valve 34. The return pipe 33 has a vertical height that maintains a constant liquid level. The other end is connected to the upper part of the main pipe.
In the separation apparatus of the present invention, the main pipe has a function of guiding the vapor to the cooling means and a function of returning the condensed solvent to the extraction container. The receiving tube has a function of accumulating and separating the condensed liquid, that is, the extraction solvent and the extract. The return pipe has a function of returning the liquid accumulated in the receiving pipe to the extraction container through the main pipe.
During the reaction, the three-way valve 34 is held in the direction shown in FIG. 3, and the receiving pipe and the return pipe are opened. As the reaction proceeds, the condensed solvent and the extract accumulate in the receiving tube 32. The specific gravity of the solvent is selected to be greater than the specific gravity of the extract. When the amount of solvent accumulated in the lower layer reaches the highest point of the return pipe 33, the solvent accumulated in the return pipe 33 and the solvent accumulated in the receiving pipe 32 are at the height indicated by the dotted line in FIG. It returns to the extraction container via the main pipe 31 until it reaches the height of the connecting part of the pipe. In the receiving tube 32, the extract and the solvent remain. When the reaction further proceeds, the lower layer solvent is sequentially returned to the extraction vessel while maintaining the dotted water level, and the extract in the receiving tube 32 increases.
After completion of the reaction, the three-way valve 34 is held in the direction shown in FIG. 4 and the outlet of the return pipe 33 is opened, so that the solvent accumulated in the return pipe 33 can be discarded. Next, the three-way valve 34 is held in the direction shown in FIG. 5, the receiving pipe 32 is opened, the return pipe 33 is closed, the solvent accumulated in the receiving pipe is discarded, and then only the upper extract is separated. be able to. Therefore, by using the separation apparatus of the present invention, the above-described operation can be performed, and since the solvent is circulated, the amount of the solvent can be minimized, and the function of extraction and distillation can be maintained without additional addition. it can.
Further, another separation apparatus 30 ′ of the present invention shown in FIG. 6 includes two main pipes 31a ′ and 31b ′ communicating with the extraction container, a receiving pipe 32 ′ communicating with the cooling means, and the main pipe from the receiving pipe. And a return pipe 33 'communicating with one (31b'), the receiving pipe having a lower end connected to the three-way valve 34 'and communicating with the return pipe via the three-way valve 34'. The return pipe 33 'has a vertical height that maintains a constant liquid level, and the other end is connected to the upper part of the main pipe 31b'. The function of the separation device 30 'is the same as that of the separation device 30 shown in FIG. Since this separation apparatus includes two main pipes 31a ′ for guiding the solvent vapor to the cooling means and main pipe 31b ′ for returning the condensed solvent to the extraction vessel, the extraction time can be shortened. .

なお、本発明の分離装置において、抽出溶媒に抽出物が溶解する場合は、抽出溶媒よりもさらに抽出物の溶解度が高く比重の軽い、かつ抽出溶媒とは混和しない溶媒(例えばエーテル等)を、予め分離装置の受け管に仕込んでおくことにより、抽出物を速やかに移層させ、抽出物が溶け込んでいない状態の溶媒を抽出容器に戻すことができる。   In the separation apparatus of the present invention, when the extract is dissolved in the extraction solvent, a solvent (for example, ether) having a higher solubility and a lower specific gravity than the extraction solvent and immiscible with the extraction solvent, By preliminarily charging the separator in the receiving tube, the extract can be transferred quickly, and the solvent in which the extract is not dissolved can be returned to the extraction container.

本発明の分離装置を用いた抽出において、抽出溶媒としては、水の他、エーテル類、メタノール、エタノールなどのアルコール類、酢酸エチル、ピリジン、テトラヒドロフラン、クロロホルム、アセトンなどの有機溶媒を、それぞれ単独でまたは組合わせて用いることができる。その中でもコスト、安全性等を考慮すると水が好ましい。   In the extraction using the separation apparatus of the present invention, as the extraction solvent, water, alcohols such as ethers, methanol, and ethanol, and organic solvents such as ethyl acetate, pyridine, tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, and acetone are used alone. Or they can be used in combination. Among these, water is preferable in consideration of cost, safety and the like.

本発明の分離装置を用いて有用物質の抽出、分離を行う場合、適用する被抽出物としては、植物原料または動物原料からなる固体バイオマスが用いられる。植物原料としては、木や草の葉、実、枝、根など栽培系バイオマス;木材、間伐材、伐採木、剪定枝、おがくず、樹皮、チップ、端材、流木、竹、笹、木質建築廃材などの木質系バイオマス;モミ殻、稲藁、麦藁、バガス、アブラヤシ(パーム油の原料)のヤシ殻などの農作物系バイオマス;食品工場や外食産業から出る食品残渣;等を挙げることができる。   When extracting and separating useful substances using the separation apparatus of the present invention, solid biomass made of plant raw materials or animal raw materials is used as the extract to be applied. Plant raw materials include tree and grass leaves, berries, branches, roots, and other cultivated biomass; wood, thinned wood, felled trees, pruned branches, sawdust, bark, chips, scraps, driftwood, bamboo, firewood, wood construction waste Wood biomass such as fir shell, rice straw, wheat straw, bagasse, oil palm (raw material of palm oil) and other crop biomass; food residue from food factories and restaurant industry;

以下、本発明を実施例および比較例を用いて更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例のみに限定されるものではない。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically with reference to Examples and Comparative Examples, but the present invention is not limited to the following Examples.

<実施例1>
図1に示したマイクロ波発生装置(10)内に設置された内径200mmのセパラブル三ツ口円筒フラスコ(20)に、純水50.08gと沸石を加え、テフロン(登録商標)製の目皿(2)を設置した。目皿の穴は5mmのものを使用し、その上に、バイオマスが下にこぼれ落ちないようにメッシュサイズ0.75φのテフロン(登録商標)パンチングシートを設置した。この上に、バイオマスとしてトドマツ葉粉砕物300.06gを加えた。トドマツ葉粉砕物は分析ミル(IKA Works Guangzhou社製 型式:A11 basic)にて8mmアンダーに破砕して得た。マイクロ波発生装置(10)外に、円筒フラスコ(20)と連結するように、図3に示す構成の分離装置(30)を連結管(25)を介して連結し、受け管部に呼び水として純水12.89gを加えた。分離装置の上部に長さ300mmのジムロート冷却管(40)を連結した。また、ジムロート冷却管の上部に、余分な排ガスをドラフトへ送気する管を設けた。
<Example 1>
To the separable three-necked cylindrical flask (20) with an inner diameter of 200 mm installed in the microwave generator (10) shown in FIG. 1, pure water (50.08 g) and zeolite are added, and a Teflon (registered trademark) eye plate (2 ) Was installed. A hole with a diameter of 5 mm was used, and a Teflon (registered trademark) punching sheet having a mesh size of 0.75φ was placed thereon so that the biomass would not spill down. On top of this, 300.06 g of Todomatsu leaf pulverized product was added as biomass. Todomatsu leaf pulverized product was obtained by crushing under 8 mm using an analysis mill (model: A11 basic, manufactured by IKA Works Guangzhou). A separation device (30) configured as shown in FIG. 3 is connected to the outside of the microwave generator (10) via a connection pipe (25) so as to be connected to the cylindrical flask (20), and is used as priming water in the receiving pipe portion. 12.89 g of pure water was added. A Dimroth cooling pipe (40) having a length of 300 mm was connected to the upper part of the separator. In addition, a pipe for supplying excess exhaust gas to the draft was provided at the upper part of the Dimroth cooling pipe.

周波数2.45GHz、最大出力700Wのマイクロ波を出力一定にて上記反応装置に照射し、水蒸気蒸留を行った。反応時間は初留発生後20分を基本とした。なお、反応中蒸気の発生状態に留意し、蒸気発生が終了した時点で反応を終了することとした。   The reactor was irradiated with microwaves having a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a maximum output of 700 W, and steam distillation was performed. The reaction time was basically 20 minutes after the first distillation occurred. Note that the state of steam generation during the reaction was considered, and the reaction was terminated when the steam generation was completed.

初留までの所要時間、初留から反応終了までの時間、及び精油回収量を計測した。初留までの所要時間は5分、反応終了までの時間は20分であり、終了時に円筒フラスコ内には十分な水があり、さらに蒸留を続けることが可能であった。反応後の全油分収量は3415.7mgであった。また、これをバイオマス100g-dryあたりの精油収量に換算すると2103mgであった。反応を通して、バイオマスが過加熱になったり、焦げたりすることはなかった。   The time required for the first distillation, the time from the first distillation to the end of the reaction, and the amount of recovered essential oil were measured. The time required for the first distillation was 5 minutes, and the time required for completion of the reaction was 20 minutes. At the end of the reaction, there was sufficient water in the cylindrical flask, and distillation could be continued. The total oil yield after the reaction was 3415.7 mg. Moreover, it was 2103 mg when this was converted into the essential oil yield per 100 g-dry of biomass. Throughout the reaction, the biomass was not overheated or burnt.

<比較例1>
図2に示したマイクロ波発生装置(10)内に設置された内径200mmのセパラブル三ツ口円筒フラスコ(20)に、純水50.04gと沸石を加え、テフロン(登録商標)製の目皿(2)を設置した。目皿の穴は5mmのものを使用し、その上に、バイオマスが下にこぼれ落ちないようにメッシュサイズ0.75φのテフロン(登録商標)パンチングシートを設置した。この上に、バイオマスとしてトドマツ葉粉砕物300.03gを加えた。トドマツ葉粉砕物は分析ミル(IKA Works Guangzhou社製 型式:A11 basic)にて8mmアンダーに破砕して得た。マイクロ波発生装置(10)外に、円筒フラスコ(20)と連結するように長さ300mmのリービッヒ冷却管(40)を連結し、さらに100ml容の分液ロート(50)を連結した。なお、冷却部(40)にはリービッヒ冷却管に加えて分岐管にて補助冷却用のジムロートを連結してもよい。また、分液ロートとリービッヒ冷却管との連結部を分岐し、余分な排ガスをドラフトへ送気する管を設けた。
<Comparative Example 1>
To the separable three-necked cylindrical flask (20) with an inner diameter of 200 mm installed in the microwave generator (10) shown in FIG. 2, pure water (50.04 g) and zeolite are added, and a Teflon (registered trademark) eye plate (2 ) Was installed. A hole with a diameter of 5 mm was used, and a Teflon (registered trademark) punching sheet having a mesh size of 0.75φ was placed thereon so that the biomass would not spill down. On top of this, 300.03 g of ground Todomatsu leaves was added as biomass. Todomatsu leaf pulverized product was obtained by crushing under 8 mm using an analysis mill (model: A11 basic, manufactured by IKA Works Guangzhou). A Liebig condenser (40) having a length of 300 mm was connected to the outside of the microwave generator (10) so as to be connected to the cylindrical flask (20), and a 100 ml separatory funnel (50) was further connected. In addition to the Liebig cooling pipe, an auxiliary cooling Dimroth may be connected to the cooling section (40) by a branch pipe. Further, a connecting portion between the separatory funnel and the Liebig cooling pipe was branched, and a pipe for supplying excess exhaust gas to the draft was provided.

周波数2.45GHz、最大出力700Wのマイクロ波を出力一定にて上記反応装置に照射し、水蒸気蒸留を行った。反応時間は初留発生後20分を基本とした。なお、反応中蒸気の発生状態やバイオマスの状態に留意し、蒸気発生が終了したり、焦げなどの異臭が発生した時点で反応を終了することとした。   The reactor was irradiated with microwaves having a frequency of 2.45 GHz and a maximum output of 700 W, and steam distillation was performed. The reaction time was basically 20 minutes after the first distillation occurred. In addition, attention was paid to the generation state of steam during the reaction and the state of biomass, and the reaction was terminated when the generation of steam was completed or when a strange odor such as scorching occurred.

初留までの所要時間、初留から反応終了までの時間、及び精油回収量を計測した。初留までの所要時間は5分で、反応終了までの時間は15分であった。これは、反応後15分でバイオマスがわずかに焦げる臭いが発生し、危険防止のため反応を終了したためである。反応後の全油分収量は3266.7mg(2011mg/100g-dry)であったが、得られた油分は褐色に着色しており、油成分が熱分解したことが示唆された。また、反応後、円筒フラスコ内のバイオマスの一部がやや焦げていた。   The time required for the first distillation, the time from the first distillation to the end of the reaction, and the amount of recovered essential oil were measured. The time required for the first distillation was 5 minutes, and the time required for completion of the reaction was 15 minutes. This is because 15 minutes after the reaction, a odor that slightly burns the biomass was generated, and the reaction was terminated to prevent danger. The total oil yield after the reaction was 3266.7 mg (2011 mg / 100 g-dry), but the obtained oil was colored brown, suggesting that the oil component was thermally decomposed. In addition, after the reaction, a part of the biomass in the cylindrical flask was slightly burnt.

<比較例2>
純水を300g用いた他は比較例1と同様の条件にて水蒸気蒸留を行った。初留までの所要時間、初留から反応終了までの時間、及び精油回収量を計測した。初留までの所要時間は6分で、反応終了までの時間は20分であった。終了時に円筒フラスコ内には十分な水があり、さらに蒸留を続けることが可能であった。反応終了反応後の全油分収量は3119mg(1920mg/100g-dry)であった。反応を通して、バイオマスが過加熱になったり、焦げたりすることはなかった。
<Comparative example 2>
Steam distillation was performed under the same conditions as in Comparative Example 1 except that 300 g of pure water was used. The time required for the first distillation, the time from the first distillation to the end of the reaction, and the amount of recovered essential oil were measured. The time required for the first distillation was 6 minutes, and the time required for completion of the reaction was 20 minutes. At the end, there was enough water in the cylindrical flask and it was possible to continue distillation. The total oil yield after the completion of the reaction was 3119 mg (1920 mg / 100 g-dry). Throughout the reaction, the biomass was not overheated or burnt.

実施例1および比較例1,2における精油回収量を、試料100g-dryあたりの精油収量に換算した値および、得られた精油の性状を表1に示した。   Table 1 shows values obtained by converting the essential oil recovery amount in Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 into the essential oil yield per 100 g-dry of the sample and the properties of the obtained essential oil.

Figure 2008062202
Figure 2008062202

また、回収した精油をガスクロマトグラフィー(GC)で分析し、検出された成分のピーク面積比を求めた結果、実施例1は主要成分が86%、その他の成分が14%であったのに対し、比較例1は主要成分が84%、その他の成分が16%であった。   The recovered essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and the peak area ratio of the detected components was determined. As a result, in Example 1, the main component was 86% and the other components were 14%. On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the main component was 84% and the other components were 16%.

上記の結果から明らかなように、本発明の分離装置を用いることにより、比較例と比べて、より少量の溶媒で、安全かつ短時間・省エネルギーで熱劣化のない精油を回収することができた。   As is clear from the above results, by using the separation apparatus of the present invention, it was possible to recover essential oils that were safe, short-time, energy-saving and free from thermal degradation with a smaller amount of solvent compared to the comparative example. .

本発明の分離装置は、各種の溶媒抽出操作に適用することができる。その場合、必要に応じ連結手段を介して、抽出容器および冷却手段に連通させて用いれば良い。これにより、省溶媒、省エネルギー、高効率で有用物質を抽出することが可能になる。各種バイオマスから抽出した各種天然物質は、製薬、化粧品、食品、芳香剤、染色剤、溶剤などの様々な産業分野で利用することができる。   The separation apparatus of the present invention can be applied to various solvent extraction operations. In that case, it may be used in communication with the extraction container and the cooling means via the connecting means as required. Thereby, it becomes possible to extract a useful substance with solvent saving, energy saving, and high efficiency. Various natural substances extracted from various biomasses can be used in various industrial fields such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, foods, fragrances, dyes and solvents.

実施例1で用いた装置の概略構成図である。1 is a schematic configuration diagram of an apparatus used in Example 1. FIG. 比較例1,2で用いた装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the apparatus used by the comparative examples 1 and 2. FIG. 本発明に係る分離装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the separation apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る分離装置の三方向弁周辺の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the three-way valve periphery of the separation apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る分離装置の三方向弁周辺の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the three-way valve periphery of the separation apparatus which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る他の分離装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the other separation apparatus which concerns on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 バイオマス
2 目皿
3 溶媒
10 マイクロ波発生装置
20 反応容器
21 温度計
25 連結管
30,30´ 分離装置
31,31a´,31b´ 主管
32,32´ 受け管
33,33´ 戻り管
34,34´ 三方向弁
40 冷却管
50 分液漏斗
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Biomass 2 Eye plate 3 Solvent 10 Microwave generator 20 Reaction container 21 Thermometer 25 Connection pipe | tube 30,30 'Separation apparatus 31,31a', 31b 'Main pipe 32,32' Receipt pipe 33,33 'Return pipe 34,34 ′ Three-way valve 40 Cooling pipe 50 Separation funnel

Claims (4)

凝縮された液体を溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置であって、
抽出容器に連通する主管と、
冷却手段に連通する受け管と、
該受け管から前記主管に連通する戻り管と、を備え、
前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁に連結されると共に、該三方向弁を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管は、一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管の上方部分に連結されている分離装置。
A separation device for separating a condensed liquid into a solvent and an extract,
A main pipe communicating with the extraction container;
A receiving pipe communicating with the cooling means;
A return pipe communicating from the receiving pipe to the main pipe,
The receiving pipe is connected at its lower end to a three-way valve and communicates with the return pipe through the three-way valve, and the return pipe has a vertical height that maintains a constant liquid level, Separation device whose other end is connected to the upper part of the main pipe.
凝縮された液体を溶媒と抽出物とに分離するための分離装置であって、
抽出容器に連通する二つの主管と、
冷却手段に連通する受け管と、
該受け管から前記主管の一方に連通する戻り管と、を備え、
前記受け管は、その下端が三方向弁に連結されると共に、該三方向弁を介して前記戻り管に連通し、該戻り管は、一定の液位を保持する垂直高さを有し、その他端が主管の上方部分に連結されている分離装置。
A separation device for separating a condensed liquid into a solvent and an extract,
Two main pipes communicating with the extraction container;
A receiving pipe communicating with the cooling means;
A return pipe communicating from the receiving pipe to one of the main pipes,
The receiving pipe is connected at its lower end to a three-way valve and communicates with the return pipe through the three-way valve, and the return pipe has a vertical height that maintains a constant liquid level, Separation device whose other end is connected to the upper part of the main pipe.
凝縮された液体を、抽出溶媒と、該抽出溶媒に混和しない溶媒に溶解させた抽出物とに分離する、請求項1または2に記載の分離装置。   The separation apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the condensed liquid is separated into an extraction solvent and an extract dissolved in a solvent immiscible with the extraction solvent. 水または有機溶媒により固体バイオマスから精油を抽出するために用いられる、請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の分離装置。   The separation device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, which is used for extracting essential oil from solid biomass with water or an organic solvent.
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CN110835584B (en) * 2019-11-29 2021-04-16 浙江大学 Simultaneous nitrogen-blowing extraction device and essential oil fidelity extraction method

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JPH0343951Y2 (en) * 1983-09-24 1991-09-13
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