JP2008054415A - Voltage compensator, voltage compensation system and method - Google Patents

Voltage compensator, voltage compensation system and method Download PDF

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JP2008054415A
JP2008054415A JP2006227838A JP2006227838A JP2008054415A JP 2008054415 A JP2008054415 A JP 2008054415A JP 2006227838 A JP2006227838 A JP 2006227838A JP 2006227838 A JP2006227838 A JP 2006227838A JP 2008054415 A JP2008054415 A JP 2008054415A
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voltage
battery
assembled battery
assembled
secondary battery
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JP4633690B2 (en
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Toshio Matsushima
敏雄 松島
Nobuhiko Suzuki
伸彦 鈴木
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NTT Facilities Inc
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a voltage compensator through which a battery pack can be always charged stably with a constant voltage even if the voltage supplied from a power supply is varied, and to provide a voltage compensation system and method. <P>SOLUTION: The voltage compensator comprises a voltage compensator control section 81 for measuring the voltage of a battery pack 1 and calculating the difference between the measured voltage and the product of the number of secondary batteries constituting the battery pack 1 and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage, i.e. the upper limit of charging voltage of each secondary battery 1a-1l, and a converter 86 for supplying the battery pack 1 with a voltage while boosting by a difference calculated at the voltage compensator control section 81. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、電圧補償装置、電圧補償システム及び電圧補償方法、特に、電源から組電池に供給する電圧が変動するのを防ぐ電圧補償装置、電圧補償システム及び電圧補償方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a voltage compensation device, a voltage compensation system, and a voltage compensation method, and more particularly, to a voltage compensation device, a voltage compensation system, and a voltage compensation method that prevent a voltage supplied from a power source to an assembled battery from fluctuating.

繰り返して充電し放電できる二次電池を直列に接続して使用する場合、全ての二次電池の容量あるいは内部抵抗が常に同じであればバランス良く充電できる。しかしながら、実際には、二次電池の容量あるいは内部抵抗には若干のばらつきが存在する。更に、初期において同じ内部抵抗であったとしても充電を継続すると、時間の経過に伴って二次電池の内部特性が変化し、二次電池の容量に変化が生じる。その結果、各二次電池のバランスが崩れて電池電圧にばらつきが生じ、二次電池の寿命や性能を低下させることになる。   When secondary batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged are connected in series and used, as long as the capacities or internal resistances of all the secondary batteries are always the same, the batteries can be charged with good balance. However, in practice, there is some variation in the capacity or internal resistance of the secondary battery. Furthermore, even if the internal resistance is the same in the initial stage, if charging is continued, the internal characteristics of the secondary battery change with the passage of time, and the capacity of the secondary battery changes. As a result, the balance of each secondary battery is lost, and the battery voltage varies, thereby reducing the life and performance of the secondary battery.

図９は、従来から知られている電池管理システム１００の概略構成図である。この電池管理システム１００では、二次電池１０１ａ〜１０１ｌが直列に接続された組電池１０１と負荷１０４とが並列に接続され、それらに直列に直流電源２００が接続されている。しかし、この電池管理システム１００では、組電池１０１内の二次電池１０１ａ〜１０１ｌの電池電圧にばらつきが生じる可能性があるという問題があった。
特に、電池電圧のばらつきの抑制が求められるリチウムイオン二次電池を二次電池１０１ａ〜１０１ｌとして用いる場合に、規定を越えた電池電圧の上昇を抑制することは、安全性の確保の観点から最重要視されている。 FIG. 9 is a schematic configuration diagram of a conventionally known battery management system 100. In this battery management system 100, a battery pack 101 in which secondary batteries 101a to 101l are connected in series and a load 104 are connected in parallel, and a DC power source 200 is connected in series thereto. However, the battery management system 100 has a problem that the battery voltages of the secondary batteries 101a to 101l in the assembled battery 101 may vary.
In particular, when using lithium ion secondary batteries that are required to suppress variations in battery voltage as the secondary batteries 101a to 101l, suppressing the rise in battery voltage beyond the limit is the most important from the viewpoint of ensuring safety. It is important.

図１０は、従来から知られている他の電池管理システム２００の概略構成図である。この電池管理システム２００は、図９の電池管理システム１００での電池電圧のばらつきを抑制するために、シャントレギュレータを用いた電圧調整部２０５ａ〜２０５ｌを各二次電池２０１ａ〜２０１ｌに取り付けている（特許文献１参照）。
この電圧調整部２０５ａ〜２０５ｌは、使用中に常時、電池電圧の計測を行ない、電池電圧が予め設定された電圧値になった際には、二次電池２０１ａ〜２０１ｌと並列に設けられた電圧調整部２０５ａ〜２０５ｌ内のバイパス回路に充電電流をバイパスさせることにより、電圧の上昇を抑えるものである。ここで、使用中とは、二次電池２０１ａ〜２０１ｌの放電後の回復充電中、及び回復充電完了後のフロート充電中を含む状態をいう。 FIG. 10 is a schematic configuration diagram of another battery management system 200 conventionally known. In the battery management system 200, voltage regulators 205a to 205l using shunt regulators are attached to the secondary batteries 201a to 201l in order to suppress variations in battery voltage in the battery management system 100 of FIG. Patent Document 1).
These voltage adjustment units 205a to 205l always measure the battery voltage during use, and when the battery voltage reaches a preset voltage value, the voltage provided in parallel with the secondary batteries 201a to 201l. By causing the bypass circuit in the adjustment units 205a to 205l to bypass the charging current, an increase in voltage is suppressed. Here, “in use” refers to a state including recovery charging after discharging secondary batteries 201a to 201l and float charging after completion of recovery charging.

図１０の電圧調整部２０５ａ〜２０５ｌにおける電圧制御の目標電圧は一定値に設定されていた。例えば、二次電池２０１ａ〜２０１ｌとしてリチウムイオン二次電池を用いる場合、二次電池1個当たり４．１（Ｖ）や４．２（Ｖ）のものが用いられる。そして、直流電源２０２の出力電圧もこれらの電圧と二次組電池数に対応して、４．１（Ｖ）又は４．２（Ｖ）に二次電池数を乗算して求まる電圧を設定していた。
特開２０００−３５４３３５号公報 The target voltage for voltage control in the voltage adjustment units 205a to 205l in FIG. 10 is set to a constant value. For example, when a lithium ion secondary battery is used as the secondary batteries 201a to 201l, one of 4.1 (V) or 4.2 (V) is used per secondary battery. The output voltage of the DC power supply 202 is set to a voltage obtained by multiplying the number of secondary batteries by 4.1 (V) or 4.2 (V) corresponding to these voltages and the number of secondary assembled batteries. It was.
JP 2000-354335 A

しかしながら、図１０の電池管理システム２００では、直流電源２０２の出力電圧は負荷２０４に電流を供給すると変動する。例えば、設定電圧が二次電池１個当たり４．１（Ｖ）の場合には、図１１のような出力電圧特性となる。図１１において、横軸は負荷率（％）を示している。また、図１１において、縦軸の左側は、直流電源の出力電圧（Ｖ）を示しており、縦軸の右側は、二次電圧の電池電圧（Ｖ／個）を示している。
組電池２０１が完全充電状態でも負荷２０４に電流を供給している場合、電流値に応じて直流電源２０２の出力電圧が変動する。図１１において、負荷率を１００（％）とすると、直流電源２０２の出力電圧は約４８．８（Ｖ）となる。このような状態で、図１０の電池管理システム２００で、二次電池１２個から構成されるリチウムイオン二次電池を使用し、電圧調整部２０５ａ〜２０５ｌにおける電圧調整の設定電圧を４．１（Ｖ）とすると、回復充電中、もしくは回復充電完了後、１０個ないしは１１個の二次電池が４．１（Ｖ）に達しても、残りの二次電池は低い電圧のまま保たれてしまう恐れがある。 However, in the battery management system 200 of FIG. 10, the output voltage of the DC power source 202 varies when a current is supplied to the load 204. For example, when the set voltage is 4.1 (V) per secondary battery, the output voltage characteristics are as shown in FIG. In FIG. 11, the horizontal axis indicates the load factor (%). In FIG. 11, the left side of the vertical axis shows the output voltage (V) of the DC power supply, and the right side of the vertical axis shows the battery voltage (V / piece) of the secondary voltage.
When the assembled battery 201 is supplying a current to the load 204 even when it is fully charged, the output voltage of the DC power source 202 varies depending on the current value. In FIG. 11, when the load factor is 100 (%), the output voltage of the DC power supply 202 is about 48.8 (V). In such a state, the battery management system 200 of FIG. 10 uses a lithium ion secondary battery including 12 secondary batteries, and the voltage adjustment setting voltage in the voltage adjustment units 205a to 205l is 4.1 ( V), even if 10 or 11 secondary batteries reach 4.1 (V) during recovery charging or after completion of recovery charging, the remaining secondary batteries remain at a low voltage. There is a fear.

すなわち、１１個の二次電池が４．１（Ｖ）に達していると、これらの二次電池の占める電圧は４５．１（Ｖ）であり、残り１個の電池電圧は３．７（Ｖ）にしか到達しない。また、１０個が４．１（Ｖ）に達していると、これらの二次電池の電池電圧は４１（Ｖ）であり、残り２個の二次電池は７．８（Ｖ）を分け合う。２つの二次電池で７．８（Ｖ）を均等に使用して充電した場合であっても、３．９（Ｖ）にしか達しない。   That is, when 11 secondary batteries reach 4.1 (V), the voltage occupied by these secondary batteries is 45.1 (V), and the remaining one battery voltage is 3.7 ( V) is only reached. If 10 batteries have reached 4.1 (V), the battery voltage of these secondary batteries is 41 (V), and the remaining two secondary batteries share 7.8 (V). Even when two secondary batteries are charged using 7.8 (V) evenly, they reach only 3.9 (V).

リチウムイオン二次電池の容量は回復充電電圧に大きく依存し、ほぼ電圧値に比例しており、充電電圧が低いと容量が低い。そして、リチウムイオン二次電池の放電においては、二次電池の保護の観点から一定の電圧まで電池電圧が低下したら放電を終了させる必要がある。従って、組電池２０１内で１個だけ容量の低い二次電池が含まれた状態で組電池２０１の放電を行なうと、電池電圧が低く容量が少ない二次電池が最初に放電終了電圧に達した段階で、組電池２０１の放電が終了してしまい、組電池２０１に蓄電された全電力を使用することができない。つまり、直流電源２０２から電池管理装置２１０に供給される電圧が変動すると、組電池２０１は安定した電圧を利用して充電することができないため、組電池２０１を構成する各二次電池の充電状態にばらつきが生じるという問題があった。   The capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery largely depends on the recovery charge voltage, and is almost proportional to the voltage value. When the charge voltage is low, the capacity is low. And in discharge of a lithium ion secondary battery, it is necessary to complete | finish discharge, if a battery voltage falls to a fixed voltage from a viewpoint of protection of a secondary battery. Therefore, when the assembled battery 201 is discharged in a state where only one secondary battery having a low capacity is included in the assembled battery 201, the secondary battery having a low battery voltage and a small capacity has reached the discharge end voltage first. At this stage, the discharge of the assembled battery 201 ends, and the entire power stored in the assembled battery 201 cannot be used. That is, when the voltage supplied from the DC power supply 202 to the battery management device 210 fluctuates, the assembled battery 201 cannot be charged using a stable voltage, and therefore the charging state of each secondary battery that constitutes the assembled battery 201 There was a problem that variations occurred.

本発明は、上記事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、電源から供給される電圧が変動した場合であっても、組電池は常に一定の電圧を利用して安定した充電を行なうことができる電圧補償装置、電圧補償システム及び電圧補償方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to always stably charge an assembled battery by using a constant voltage even when the voltage supplied from the power source fluctuates. An object of the present invention is to provide a voltage compensation device, a voltage compensation system, and a voltage compensation method.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するためになされたもので、請求項１に記載の発明は、電源と組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置であって、前記組電池の電圧を計測する電圧計測手段と、前記組電池の充電電圧の上限である組電池最大充電電圧を記憶する組電池情報記憶手段と、前記組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記組電池最大充電電圧と前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出する算出手段と、前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に供給する昇圧手段とを有することを特徴とする電圧補償装置である。
本発明では、前記組電池の電圧を電圧計測手段が計測し、組電池の充電電圧の上限である組電池最大充電電圧を組電池情報記憶手段が記憶し、組電池最大充電電圧と電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出手段が算出し、組電池に供給する電圧をその差分だけ昇圧して組電池に昇圧手段が供給するようにした。これにより、電源から電圧補償装置に供給される電圧が変動した場合であっても、電圧補償装置が出力する電圧は組電池最大充電電圧まで昇圧されて組電池に供給されるため、組電池は常に一定の電圧を利用して安定した充電を行なうことができる。 The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and the invention according to claim 1 is a voltage compensator connected between a power source and an assembled battery, and measures the voltage of the assembled battery. Voltage measuring means, battery pack information storage means for storing a battery pack maximum charge voltage that is an upper limit of the battery pack charge voltage, battery pack maximum charge voltage and voltage measurement stored in the battery pack information storage means A calculating unit that calculates a difference from the voltage measured by the unit, and a boosting unit that boosts the voltage supplied to the assembled battery by the difference calculated by the calculating unit and supplies the boosted voltage to the assembled battery. This is a voltage compensation device.
In the present invention, the voltage measuring means measures the voltage of the assembled battery, the assembled battery maximum charging voltage which is the upper limit of the charging voltage of the assembled battery is stored in the assembled battery information storage means, and the assembled battery maximum charging voltage and voltage measuring means are stored. The calculation means calculates a difference from the voltage measured by the voltage, and the voltage supplied to the assembled battery is boosted by the difference and the boosting means supplies the assembled battery. As a result, even when the voltage supplied from the power source to the voltage compensation device fluctuates, the voltage output from the voltage compensation device is boosted to the assembled battery maximum charge voltage and supplied to the assembled battery. Stable charging can always be performed using a constant voltage.

また、請求項２に記載の発明は、電源と複数の二次電池が直列に接続された組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置であって、前記組電池の電圧を計測する電圧計測手段と、前記組電池を構成する二次電池数と各二次電池の充電電圧の上限である二次電池最大充電電圧とを記憶する二次電池情報記憶手段と、前記二次電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記二次電池数と前記二次電池最大充電電圧の積と前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出する算出手段と、前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に供給する昇圧手段とを有することを特徴とする電圧補償装置である。
本発明では、前記組電池の電圧を電圧計測手段が計測し、二次電池数と二次電池最大充電電圧とを二次電池情報記憶手段が記憶し、二次電池数と二次電池最大充電電圧の積と電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出手段が算出し、組電池に供給する電圧をその差分だけ昇圧して組電池に昇圧手段が供給するようにした。これにより、電源から電圧補償装置に供給される電圧が変動した場合であっても、電圧補償装置が出力する電圧は二次電池数と二次電池最大充電電圧の積まで昇圧されて組電池に供給されるため、組電池は常に一定の電圧を利用して安定した充電を行なうことができる。 The invention according to claim 2 is a voltage compensator connected between a power source and an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series, and measures the voltage of the assembled battery. Secondary battery information storage means for storing means, secondary battery maximum charge voltage which is the upper limit of the charge voltage of each secondary battery and the number of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery, and the secondary battery information storage means Calculating means for calculating a difference between a product of the number of secondary batteries stored in the memory and a maximum charging voltage of the secondary battery and a voltage measured by the voltage measuring means; and a voltage supplied to the assembled battery by the calculating means A voltage compensating apparatus comprising boosting means that boosts the calculated difference and supplies the boosted battery to the assembled battery.
In the present invention, the voltage measuring means measures the voltage of the assembled battery, the secondary battery information storage means stores the number of secondary batteries and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage, and the number of secondary batteries and the secondary battery maximum charging are stored. The difference between the product of the voltage and the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means is calculated by the calculating means, and the voltage supplied to the assembled battery is boosted by the difference, and the boosting means supplies the assembled battery. As a result, even when the voltage supplied from the power source to the voltage compensator fluctuates, the voltage output from the voltage compensator is boosted to the product of the number of secondary batteries and the maximum charge voltage of the secondary battery, to the assembled battery. Since the battery is supplied, the assembled battery can always be stably charged using a constant voltage.

また、請求項３に記載の発明は、複数の二次電池が直列に接続された組電池と、前記組電池と並列に接続される負荷と、前記組電池及び前記負荷に直列に接続される電源と、請求項１又は２に記載の電圧補償装置とを有し、前記電圧補償装置は、前記組電池と前記電源との間に接続されることを特徴とする電圧補償システムである。
本発明では、電圧補償装置を、組電池と電源との間に接続するようにしたため、電源から電圧補償装置に供給される電圧が変動した場合であっても、組電池及び負荷に対して常に一定の電圧を供給することができる。 According to a third aspect of the present invention, there is provided an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series, a load connected in parallel with the assembled battery, and the assembled battery and the load connected in series. It has a power supply and the voltage compensation apparatus of Claim 1 or 2, The said voltage compensation apparatus is connected between the said assembled battery and the said power supply, It is a voltage compensation system characterized by the above-mentioned.
In the present invention, since the voltage compensation device is connected between the assembled battery and the power source, even when the voltage supplied from the power source to the voltage compensating device fluctuates, the assembled battery and the load are always maintained. A constant voltage can be supplied.

また、請求項４に記載の発明は、前記各二次電池ごとに設けられ、二次電池の電池電圧が前記二次電池最大充電電圧よりも大きくなった場合に、その二次電池に供給される電流をバイパスさせるバイパス手段を有することを特徴とする請求項３に記載の電圧補償システムである。
本発明では、二次電池の電池電圧が二次電池最大充電電圧よりも大きくなった場合に、その二次電池に供給される電圧をバイパス電流として他の二次電池にバイパス手段がバイパスするようにしたので、電池電圧が二次電池最大充電電圧に達していない二次電池を、バイパス電流によって充電することができるので、各二次電池を均等に目標電圧まで充電することができる。 The invention according to claim 4 is provided for each of the secondary batteries, and is supplied to the secondary battery when the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes larger than the maximum charging voltage of the secondary battery. 4. The voltage compensation system according to claim 3, further comprising bypass means for bypassing a current to be transmitted.
In the present invention, when the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes larger than the maximum charge voltage of the secondary battery, the bypass means bypasses the other secondary batteries using the voltage supplied to the secondary battery as a bypass current. Since the secondary battery whose battery voltage has not reached the secondary battery maximum charging voltage can be charged by the bypass current, each secondary battery can be uniformly charged to the target voltage.

また、請求項５に記載の発明は、電源と組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置を使用した電圧補償方法であって、前記組電池の電圧を電圧計測手段が計測する第1のステップと、前記組電池の充電電圧の上限である組電池最大充電電圧を組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する第２のステップと、前記組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記組電池最大充電電圧と前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出手段が算出する第３のステップと、前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に昇圧手段が供給する第４のステップとを有することを特徴とする電圧補償方法である。   The invention according to claim 5 is a voltage compensation method using a voltage compensator connected between a power source and an assembled battery, wherein the voltage measuring means measures the voltage of the assembled battery. A second step in which an assembled battery information storage means stores an assembled battery maximum charging voltage which is an upper limit of a charging voltage of the assembled battery; the assembled battery maximum charging voltage stored in the assembled battery information storage means; A third step in which the calculating means calculates a difference from the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means, and a voltage supplied to the assembled battery is boosted by the difference calculated by the calculating means and then supplied to the assembled battery by the boosting means. A voltage compensation method comprising: a fourth step.

本発明では、電源から供給される電圧が変動した場合であっても、組電池は常に一定の電圧を利用して安定した充電を行なうことができる。   In the present invention, even when the voltage supplied from the power source fluctuates, the assembled battery can always perform stable charging using a constant voltage.

以下、図面を参照し、本発明の実施形態について説明する。
図１は、本発明の第１の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ａの概略構成図である。この電圧補償システム１１ａは、組電池１、直流電源２（電源）、負荷４、電圧補償装置７を有する。
組電池１は、直列に接続された１２個の二次電池１ａ、１ｂ、１ｃ、１ｄ、・・・、１ｌにより構成されている。なお、組電池１を構成する二次電池の数は、１２個に限定されるものではない。本実施形態では、二次電池としてリチウムイオン二次電池を用いているが、二次電池として鉛蓄電池などを用いてもよい。
直流電源２は、電圧補償装置７に電圧を供給する。負荷４は、通信装置などであり、組電池１と並列に接続されている。負荷４は、電圧補償装置７や組電池１から供給される電力を利用して駆動する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a voltage compensation system 11a according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The voltage compensation system 11 a includes an assembled battery 1, a DC power source 2 (power source), a load 4, and a voltage compensation device 7.
The assembled battery 1 includes 12 secondary batteries 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d,..., 1l connected in series. The number of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery 1 is not limited to twelve. In the present embodiment, a lithium ion secondary battery is used as the secondary battery, but a lead storage battery or the like may be used as the secondary battery.
The DC power supply 2 supplies a voltage to the voltage compensator 7. The load 4 is a communication device or the like, and is connected in parallel with the assembled battery 1. The load 4 is driven using the power supplied from the voltage compensation device 7 or the assembled battery 1.

図２は、電圧補償システム１１ａ（図１）の電圧補償装置７の構成を示すブロック図である。電圧補償装置７は、電圧計測部７１（電圧計測手段）、記憶部７２（組電池情報記憶手段、二次電池情報記憶手段）、算出部７３（算出手段）、昇圧部７４（昇圧手段）を有する。
電圧計測部７１は、組電池１の両端の電圧ＶＡを計測する。記憶部７２は、組電池１を構成する二次電池数Ｎ（例えば、１２個）と各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの充電電圧の上限である二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢ（例えば、４．１（Ｖ））とを記憶する。
算出部７３は、記憶部７２が記憶する二次電池数Ｎと二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢの積（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ）と、電圧計測部７１が計測した電圧ＶＡとの差分（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ−ＶＡ）を算出する。
昇圧部７４は、電圧補償装置７から組電池１に供給される電圧ＶＡを、算出部７３が算出した差分（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ−ＶＡ）だけ昇圧した電圧（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ）を、端子ｐ３及びｐ４を介して組電池１に供給する。 FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the voltage compensation device 7 of the voltage compensation system 11a (FIG. 1). The voltage compensator 7 includes a voltage measurement unit 71 (voltage measurement unit), a storage unit 72 (assembled battery information storage unit, secondary battery information storage unit), a calculation unit 73 (calculation unit), and a booster unit 74 (boost unit). Have.
The voltage measuring unit 71 measures the voltage VA at both ends of the assembled battery 1. The storage unit 72 has a secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B (for example, 4.) that is the upper limit of the charging voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l and the number N (for example, 12) of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery 1. 1 (V)).
The calculation unit 73 calculates the difference between the product (= N × V B ) of the number of secondary batteries N and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B stored in the storage unit 72 and the voltage V A measured by the voltage measurement unit 71 ( = N × V B −V A ) is calculated.
The boosting unit 74 boosts the voltage VA supplied from the voltage compensation device 7 to the assembled battery 1 by the difference (= N × V B −V A ) calculated by the calculating unit 73 (= N × V B ). Is supplied to the assembled battery 1 via the terminals p3 and p4.

なお、ここでは、記憶部７２が二次電池数と二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢとを記憶する場合について説明したが、これに限定されるものではない。例えば、記憶部７２は、二次電池数Ｎと二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢとの積である組電池最大充電電圧ＶＣ（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ）を記憶するようにしてもよい。この場合、算出部７３は、記憶部７２が記憶する組電池最大充電電圧ＶＣと、電圧計測部７１が計測した電圧ＶＡとの差分（＝ＶＣ−ＶＡ）を算出する。 Here, a case has been described in which the storage unit 72 stores the secondary battery number and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B, but is not limited thereto. For example, the storage unit 72 may store an assembled battery maximum charge voltage V C (= N × V B ) that is a product of the number N of secondary batteries and the maximum secondary battery charge voltage V B. In this case, the calculation unit 73 calculates a battery pack maximum charging voltage V C of the storage unit 72 stores the difference (= V C -V A) between the voltage V A of the voltage measuring unit 71 was measured.

図３は、本発明の実施形態による電圧補償装置制御部８１の処理を示すフローチャートである。始めに、組電池１の電圧ＶＡを電圧計測部７１が計測する（ステップＳ１１）。
そして、組電池１を構成する二次電池数と、組電池１の充電電圧の上限である二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢとを記憶部７２に記録する（ステップＳ１２）。なお、このステップＳ２の処理は、図３のフローチャートの処理を行なう前提として、電圧補償装置７の管理者等が記憶部７２に予め記録するようにしてもよい。
そして、記憶部７２が記憶する二次電池数Ｎと二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢとの積Ｎ×ＶＢと、電圧計測部７１が計測した電圧ＶＡとの差分（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ−ＶＡ）を算出部７３が算出する（ステップＳ１３）。 FIG. 3 is a flowchart showing the processing of the voltage compensator controller 81 according to the embodiment of the present invention. First, the voltage measuring unit 71 measures the voltage VA of the assembled battery 1 (step S11).
Then, the number of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery 1 and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B which is the upper limit of the charging voltage of the assembled battery 1 are recorded in the storage unit 72 (step S12). Note that the process of step S2 may be recorded in advance in the storage unit 72 by the administrator of the voltage compensation apparatus 7 on the premise that the process of the flowchart of FIG.
Then, the difference (= N × V B) between the product N × V B of the number of secondary batteries N stored in the storage unit 72 and the maximum secondary battery charging voltage V B and the voltage V A measured by the voltage measurement unit 71. -V a) calculating unit 73 calculates a (step S13).

そして、組電池１に供給する電圧ＶＡを、算出部７３が算出した差分（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ−ＶＡ）だけ昇圧部７４に昇圧させた電圧（＝Ｎ×ＶＢ）を、組電池１に供給する（ステップＳ１４）。
そして、電圧補償装置７は、内蔵するタイマを参照することにより、所定時間（例えば、１秒）が経過したか否かについて判定する（ステップＳ１５）。所定時間が経過していない場合（ステップＳ１５で「ＮＯ」）には、所定時間が経過するまで待機する。一方、所定時間が経過した場合（ステップＳ１５で「ＹＥＳ」）には、ステップＳ１１に進む。 The voltage (= N × V B ) obtained by boosting the voltage VA supplied to the assembled battery 1 by the booster 74 by the difference (= N × V B −V A ) calculated by the calculating unit 73 is used. 1 (step S14).
And the voltage compensation apparatus 7 determines whether predetermined time (for example, 1 second) passed by referring to the built-in timer (step S15). If the predetermined time has not elapsed ("NO" in step S15), the process waits until the predetermined time elapses. On the other hand, if the predetermined time has elapsed (“YES” in step S15), the process proceeds to step S11.

図４は、電圧補償システム１１ａの電圧補償装置７を実現するための回路をより具体的に示した図である。電圧補償装置７は、電圧補償装置制御部８１、コンデンサ８２、コイル８３、ダイオード８４、ダイオード８５、コンバータ８６、半導体スイッチ８７、ダイオード８８を有する。
図４の電圧補償装置制御部８１は、図３の電圧計測部７１、記憶部７２、算出部７３に該当する。また、図４のコンバータ８６は、図３の昇圧部７４に該当する。 FIG. 4 is a diagram more specifically showing a circuit for realizing the voltage compensation device 7 of the voltage compensation system 11a. The voltage compensator 7 includes a voltage compensator controller 81, a capacitor 82, a coil 83, a diode 84, a diode 85, a converter 86, a semiconductor switch 87, and a diode 88.
The voltage compensation device control unit 81 in FIG. 4 corresponds to the voltage measurement unit 71, the storage unit 72, and the calculation unit 73 in FIG. Further, the converter 86 in FIG. 4 corresponds to the booster 74 in FIG.

図９、図１０で説明した従来技術では、図１１に示すような負荷率に応じて出力電圧が変化する特性を持った直流電源２が使用されると、図１１のグラフｇ１に示すように、二次電池１ａ〜１ｌに加えられる電圧も負荷率に応じて変化するため、容量確保に必要な電圧の確保が困難になっていた。図１１は、リチウムイオン二次電池の電池電圧を示しており、負荷率の変化によって二次電池の平均電圧は、４．１（Ｖ）〜４．０６（Ｖ）まで変化している。しかし、本発明の第１の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ａでは、図４に示すように組電池１と直流電源２との間に電圧補償装置７を接続しているので、図１１に示すように直流電源の出力が負荷率によって変化しても、低下した差分の電圧の昇圧が電圧補償装置７によって行われ、図１１のグラフｇ２に示すように、この電圧補償装置７から組電池１に対して一定の安定した直流電圧が供給される。   In the prior art described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10, when the DC power supply 2 having the characteristic that the output voltage changes according to the load factor as shown in FIG. 11 is used, as shown in the graph g1 in FIG. Since the voltage applied to the secondary batteries 1a to 1l also changes according to the load factor, it has been difficult to ensure the voltage necessary for securing the capacity. FIG. 11 shows the battery voltage of the lithium ion secondary battery, and the average voltage of the secondary battery changes from 4.1 (V) to 4.06 (V) due to the change in the load factor. However, in the voltage compensation system 11a according to the first embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG. 11, the voltage compensation device 7 is connected between the assembled battery 1 and the DC power source 2 as shown in FIG. Even if the output of the DC power supply changes depending on the load factor, the voltage of the reduced difference is boosted by the voltage compensator 7, and as shown in the graph g2 in FIG. On the other hand, a constant and stable DC voltage is supplied.

なお、図４において、電圧補償装置７は電圧補償装置制御部８１を備えており、電圧補償装置制御部８１が電圧補償装置７の出力端子ｐ３及びｐ４側の電圧ＶＡを計測する。この計測した電圧値に応じて電圧補償装置７における昇圧値を決定し、電圧補償装置７内の半導体スイッチ８７のＯＮ又はＯＦＦを制御することによって前記昇圧値だけ昇圧を行ない、組電池１に対する出力電圧の安定化を行なう。
半導体スイッチ８７を用いた電圧調整の原理を、図５を参照して説明する。半導体スイッチ８７を用いた電圧調整は、チョッパ回路により行われ、半導体スイッチ８７のＯＮ−ＯＦＦの時間を制御することによって電圧補償装置７の出力電圧を変える。すなわち、半導体スイッチ８７をＴ１秒間ＯＮにし、Ｔ−Ｔ１秒間ＯＦＦになるような動作を周期Ｔで繰り返すと、電圧補償装置７の出力端子ｐ３及びｐ４側から出力される電圧は、図５に示すような波形となる。周期Ｔに対して半導体スイッチ８７がＯＮになっている割合が通流率αであり、α＝Ｔ１／Ｔである。そして、出力電圧の平均値ＶＲは、ＶＲ＝ＶＳ×Ｔ１／Ｔとなり、αを可変とすることで入力電圧ＶＳに対して、０〜ＶＳの直流電圧を得ることができる。 In FIG. 4, the voltage compensator 7 includes a voltage compensator controller 81, and the voltage compensator controller 81 measures the voltage VA on the output terminals p <b> 3 and p <b> 4 side of the voltage compensator 7. In accordance with the measured voltage value, a boost value in the voltage compensator 7 is determined, and the semiconductor switch 87 in the voltage compensator 7 is controlled to be turned on or off to boost the boost value, and output to the assembled battery 1. Stabilize the voltage.
The principle of voltage adjustment using the semiconductor switch 87 will be described with reference to FIG. The voltage adjustment using the semiconductor switch 87 is performed by a chopper circuit, and the output voltage of the voltage compensator 7 is changed by controlling the ON-OFF time of the semiconductor switch 87. That is, the semiconductor switch 87 to T 1 seconds ON, repeating the operation such that the T-T 1 s OFF in period T, the voltage output from the output terminal p3 and p4 of the voltage compensator 7, 5 The waveform is as shown in FIG. The rate at which the semiconductor switch 87 is ON with respect to the period T is the conduction ratio α, and α = T 1 / T. Then, the average value V R of the output voltage, V R = V S × T 1 / T becomes an α with respect to the input voltage V S by a variable, it is possible to obtain a DC voltage of 0 to V S .

なお、上述した実施形態では、電圧補償装置７（図４）においてブースタコンバータを用いているが、これに限定されるものではなく、チョッパ回路を利用した絶縁型の昇圧コンバータを用いてもよい。   In the above-described embodiment, the booster converter is used in the voltage compensation device 7 (FIG. 4). However, the present invention is not limited to this, and an insulating boost converter using a chopper circuit may be used.

図６は、本発明の第２の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ｂの概略構成図である。第２の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ｂの構成が、第１の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ａの構成（図１参照）と同じ部分については、同一の符号を付してそれらの説明を省略する。第１の実施形態では、組電池１と負荷４とが並列に接続されていたが、第２の実施形態では、電池管理装置１０と負荷４とが並列に接続されている点において、相違する。
この電池管理装置１０は、組電池１、電池管理装置制御部３、電圧調整部５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ、５ｄ、・・・、５ｌを有する。 FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a voltage compensation system 11b according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The same components as those of the voltage compensation system 11b according to the first embodiment (see FIG. 1) are denoted by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted. . In the first embodiment, the assembled battery 1 and the load 4 are connected in parallel. However, the second embodiment is different in that the battery management device 10 and the load 4 are connected in parallel. .
The battery management device 10 includes an assembled battery 1, a battery management device control unit 3, and voltage adjustment units 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d,.

電池管理装置制御部３は、電圧調整部５ａ〜５ｌと、充電電圧検出部７とに接続されている。制御部３については、図７を参照して後述する。
電圧調整部５ａ、５ｂ、５ｃ、５ｄ、・・・、５ｌは、二次電池１ａ、１ｂ、１ｃ、１ｄ、・・・、１ｌの両端にそれぞれ接続されるとともに、電池管理装置制御部３に接続されている。電圧調整部については、図７を参照して後述する。 The battery management device control unit 3 is connected to the voltage adjustment units 5 a to 5 l and the charging voltage detection unit 7. The control unit 3 will be described later with reference to FIG.
Voltage regulators 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d,..., 5l are connected to both ends of secondary batteries 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d,. It is connected. The voltage adjustment unit will be described later with reference to FIG.

図７は、本発明の実施形態による電池管理装置１０の具体的な構成を示す回路図である。電池管理装置制御部３は、電圧設定部３１、電圧コントローラ３２ａ、・・・、３２ｋ、３２ｌを有する。
電圧設定部３１は、各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの充電電圧の上限である二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢを記憶している。この二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢは、電池管理装置１０の管理者等によって電圧設定部３１に予め設定される。
電圧コントローラ３２ｋは、電圧設定部３１から二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢを読み出し、電圧調整部５ｋに出力することにより、二次電池１ｋの電池電圧が二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢ以下となるように、電圧補償装置７から組電池１に供給される電圧を二次電池１ｋに供給する。また、電圧コントローラ３２ｋは、二次電池１ｋの電池電圧や、後述するバイパス電流値を電圧調整部５ｋから取得し、電池管理装置制御部３に出力する。なお、電圧コントローラ３２ａ〜３４ｊ、３４ｌの構成は、電圧コントローラ３２ｋの構成と同じであるので、それらの説明を省略する。 FIG. 7 is a circuit diagram showing a specific configuration of the battery management device 10 according to the embodiment of the present invention. The battery management device control unit 3 includes a voltage setting unit 31, voltage controllers 32a, ..., 32k, 32l.
The voltage setting unit 31 stores a secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B that is an upper limit of the charging voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l. The secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B is preset in the voltage setting unit 31 by an administrator of the battery management device 10 or the like.
Voltage controller 32k reads the voltage setting unit 31 secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B, by outputting the voltage adjusting unit 5k, the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1k becomes less secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B As described above, the voltage supplied from the voltage compensator 7 to the assembled battery 1 is supplied to the secondary battery 1k. Further, the voltage controller 32k acquires the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1k and a bypass current value described later from the voltage adjustment unit 5k, and outputs the acquired voltage to the battery management device control unit 3. Note that the configuration of the voltage controllers 32a to 34j, 34l is the same as the configuration of the voltage controller 32k, and thus description thereof is omitted.

次に、電圧調整部５ｋについて説明する。なお、電圧調整部５ａ〜５ｊ、５ｌの構成は、電圧調整部５ｋと同様であるので、それらの説明を省略する。電圧調整部５ｋは、バイパス電流制御素子４１、バイパス電流制限素子４２、バイパス電流測定素子４３、電池電圧誤差増幅器４４、電池電圧測定用誤差増幅器４５を有している。
バイパス電流制御素子４１、バイパス電流制限素子４２、バイパス電流測定素子４３は、直列に接続されており、バイパス回路（バイパス手段）を構成している。このバイパス回路は、二次電池１ｋと並列に接続されている。 Next, the voltage adjustment unit 5k will be described. In addition, since the structure of the voltage adjustment parts 5a-5j and 5l is the same as that of the voltage adjustment part 5k, those description is abbreviate | omitted. The voltage adjusting unit 5k includes a bypass current control element 41, a bypass current limiting element 42, a bypass current measuring element 43, a battery voltage error amplifier 44, and a battery voltage measuring error amplifier 45.
The bypass current control element 41, the bypass current limiting element 42, and the bypass current measuring element 43 are connected in series and constitute a bypass circuit (bypass means). This bypass circuit is connected in parallel with the secondary battery 1k.

バイパス電流制御素子４１は、トランジスタなどの素子であり、電池電圧誤差増幅器４４から制御信号を受信した場合に、充電電流のうち二次電池１ｋの充電に使用しない電流であるバイパス電流をバイパス回路に流れるように制御する。
バイパス電流制限素子４２は、ヒューズなどの素子であり、バイパス回路にバイパス可能な電流の最大値である許容バイパス電流値よりも大きな電流が流れた場合に、バイパス電流制御素子４１とバイパス電流測定素子４３との間を流れる電流を遮断する。
バイパス電流測定素子４３は、バイパス回路を流れるバイパス電流の電流値を測定し、バイパス電流測定値として電圧コントローラ３２ｋに出力する。 The bypass current control element 41 is an element such as a transistor, and when a control signal is received from the battery voltage error amplifier 44, a bypass current that is not used for charging the secondary battery 1k among the charging current is supplied to the bypass circuit. Control to flow.
The bypass current limiting element 42 is an element such as a fuse, and when a current larger than an allowable bypass current value that is the maximum value of the bypassable current flows in the bypass circuit, the bypass current control element 41 and the bypass current measuring element The electric current which flows between 43 is interrupted | blocked.
The bypass current measuring element 43 measures the current value of the bypass current flowing through the bypass circuit, and outputs the measured value to the voltage controller 32k as the bypass current measured value.

電池電圧誤差増幅器４４は、電圧コントローラ３２ｋから出力される二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢ（例えば、４．１（Ｖ））と、電池電圧測定用誤差増幅器４５から出力される二次電池１ｋの電池電圧とを比較し、電池電圧が二次電池最大充電電圧よりも大きい場合には、バイパス電流制御素子４１にバイパス電流を流すことを指示する制御信号を、バイパス電流制御素子４１に出力する。
電池電圧測定用誤差増幅器４５は、二次電池１ｋの正極及び負極の電圧値の差から、二次電池１ｋの電池電圧を算出し、その電池電圧を制御部３と電池電圧誤差増幅器４４とに出力する。 The battery voltage error amplifier 44 includes a secondary battery maximum charge voltage V B (for example, 4.1 (V)) output from the voltage controller 32 k and a secondary battery 1 k output from the battery voltage measurement error amplifier 45. When the battery voltage is compared with the secondary battery maximum charging voltage, a control signal that instructs the bypass current control element 41 to pass the bypass current is output to the bypass current control element 41.
The battery voltage measurement error amplifier 45 calculates the battery voltage of the secondary battery 1k from the difference between the positive and negative voltage values of the secondary battery 1k, and sends the battery voltage to the control unit 3 and the battery voltage error amplifier 44. Output.

電圧コントローラ３２ｋから出力される、二次電池最大充電電圧と各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電圧の測定値を、電池電圧誤差増幅器４４に入力することでバイパス回路のバイパス電流制御素子４１の制御が行われる。バイパス電流制御素子４１が完全にオンしていればバイパス電流としては許容可能な最大電流が流れる。また完全にオフしていればバイパス電流は流れない。さらに、バイパス電流制御素子４１を増幅領域（不飽和領域）で使用することで可変抵抗と同じ状態とすることができ、バイパスさせるバイパス電流の電流値を連続的に調整することができる。   By inputting the measured value of the secondary battery maximum charging voltage and the voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l output from the voltage controller 32k to the battery voltage error amplifier 44, the bypass current control element 41 of the bypass circuit can be controlled. Done. If the bypass current control element 41 is completely turned on, a maximum allowable current flows as the bypass current. Also, if it is completely off, no bypass current flows. Furthermore, by using the bypass current control element 41 in the amplification region (unsaturated region), the same state as the variable resistor can be obtained, and the current value of the bypass current to be bypassed can be continuously adjusted.

このように、このバイパス回路では、バイパス電流制御素子４１が可変抵抗と同様に使用できるので、電池電圧が設定された二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢに近づき、充電電流が微小な値になっても、このような微小な充電電流もバイパスさせることができる。このような制御により電池電圧値に応じて充電電流をバイパス回路で連続的にバイパスさせることで、各二次電池が指定された二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢ以上にならないように制御することができる。 Thus, in this bypass circuit, since the bypass current control element 41 can be used in the same manner as the variable resistor, the battery voltage approaches the set secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B and the charging current becomes a minute value. However, such a minute charging current can also be bypassed. By continuously bypassed by the bypass circuit the charging current according to the battery voltage value by such control, be controlled so as not to each secondary battery than the specified secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B it can.

第２の実施形態では、電圧調整部５ａ〜５ｌが各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌに並列に接続されているので、組電池１内で各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電池電圧に応じて、電池電圧が高い二次電池では充電電流のバイパスが進行し、また、電池電圧が低い二次電池では充電電流の流入による充電が進行し、組電池１内では全ての二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電池電圧が二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢになるよう制御される。これにより、各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電池電圧のばらつきが少なくなるように充電することが可能となる。 In the second embodiment, since the voltage adjusting units 5a to 5l are connected in parallel to the secondary batteries 1a to 1l, the battery is set according to the battery voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l in the assembled battery 1. In the secondary battery having a high voltage, the bypass of the charging current proceeds, and in the secondary battery having a low battery voltage, the charging by the inflow of the charging current proceeds. In the assembled battery 1, all the secondary batteries 1a to 1l are charged. is controlled to voltage becomes maximum charging voltage V B rechargeable battery. Thereby, it becomes possible to charge so that the dispersion | variation in the battery voltage of each secondary battery 1a-1l decreases.

図８（ａ）及び図８（ｂ）は、組電池１を放電した後、回復充電を行ない、完全充電状態に達する前後における、組電池１内の各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電圧のばらつきを模式的に示した図である。これらの図において、二次電池の電池電圧（Ｖ）を示しており、縦軸は二次電池数（個）を示している。図８（ａ）及び図８（ｂ）は、図１１において、負荷率が１００％の場合の特性を示している。   8 (a) and 8 (b) show variations in voltages of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l in the assembled battery 1 before and after the assembled battery 1 is discharged and recovered and charged to a fully charged state. FIG. In these figures, the battery voltage (V) of the secondary battery is shown, and the vertical axis shows the number of secondary batteries (pieces). FIGS. 8A and 8B show the characteristics when the load factor is 100% in FIG.

図８（ａ）は、負荷率が１００％で運転されている直流電源２から、４８．８（Ｖ）の電圧が出力される場合を示している。組電池１を構成する二次電池数がＮ＝１２であって、二次電池最大充電電圧ＶＢ＝４．１（Ｖ）である場合、二次電池電池管理装置１０の電圧設定部３１には、ＶＢ×Ｎ＝４９．２（Ｖ）という値が記録される。
この結果、図８（ａ）に示すように各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電池電圧は、４．１（Ｖ）近辺の値となる。一方、従来の技術による電池管理システム２００（図１０参照）で、目標電圧が４．１（Ｖ）に設定されたままの場合には、図８（ｂ）に示すように、１０個の二次電池が４．１（Ｖ）に到達したとすると残りの２個の二次電池における電池電圧は３．９（Ｖ）のままになる。
この理由は、直流電源２の出力電圧が４８．８（Ｖ）で安定していると、出力電流はこの電圧に応じた一定値のままで増加することがないためである。 FIG. 8A shows a case where a voltage of 48.8 (V) is output from the DC power supply 2 operated at a load factor of 100%. When the number of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery 1 is N = 12, and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage V B = 4.1 (V), the voltage setting unit 31 of the secondary battery battery management apparatus 10 Is recorded as a value of V B × N = 49.2 (V).
As a result, as shown in FIG. 8A, the battery voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l is a value around 4.1 (V). On the other hand, in the conventional battery management system 200 (see FIG. 10), when the target voltage is still set to 4.1 (V), as shown in FIG. If the secondary battery reaches 4.1 (V), the battery voltages in the remaining two secondary batteries remain at 3.9 (V).
This is because when the output voltage of the DC power supply 2 is stable at 48.8 (V), the output current does not increase with a constant value corresponding to this voltage.

なお、第２の実施形態による電池管理装置１０の制御部３に、過充電や過放電から二次電池１ａ〜１ｌを保護する機能を設けてもよい。例えば、図６の二次電池１ｌと端子ｐ５との間にスイッチを設けるとともに、各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電池電圧を測定し、電池電圧が過充電電圧以上、又は、過放電電圧以下となった場合に、スイッチの開放を行なうようにしてもよい。   In addition, you may provide the function which protects the secondary batteries 1a-1l from the overcharge and overdischarge in the control part 3 of the battery management apparatus 10 by 2nd Embodiment. For example, a switch is provided between the secondary battery 11 in FIG. 6 and the terminal p5, the battery voltage of each of the secondary batteries 1a to 1l is measured, and the battery voltage is higher than the overcharge voltage or lower than the overdischarge voltage. In this case, the switch may be opened.

例えば、二次電池としてリチウムイオン二次電池を用いる場合、電池電圧が４．２（Ｖ）〜４．５（Ｖ）に達すると、リチウムイオン二次電池が故障等するおそれがあるので、充電中に過充電電圧以上の電池電圧が少なくとも１個の二次電池で検出された場合には、スイッチを開放し組電池１の安全性を確保する。また、二次電池の放電が行われた場合に、同様に各二次電池の電圧を測定し、過放電電圧である２．５（Ｖ）以下の電池電圧が少なくとも１個の二次電池で検出された場合には、スイッチを開放する。
このようなスイッチ制御回路は、電池管理装置制御部３内にＯＲ回路を設けることにより実現することができる。このＯＲ回路は、過充電電圧又は過放電電圧と測定電圧との比較を行った上で、スイッチの開放条件となる過充電電圧又は過放電電圧が検出された場合に、スイッチ開放信号をスイッチに出力する。 For example, when using a lithium ion secondary battery as the secondary battery, if the battery voltage reaches 4.2 (V) to 4.5 (V), the lithium ion secondary battery may break down. When a battery voltage higher than the overcharge voltage is detected by at least one secondary battery, the switch is opened to ensure the safety of the assembled battery 1. In addition, when the secondary battery is discharged, the voltage of each secondary battery is measured in the same manner, and the battery voltage of 2.5 (V) or less, which is an overdischarge voltage, is at least one secondary battery. If it is detected, the switch is opened.
Such a switch control circuit can be realized by providing an OR circuit in the battery management device controller 3. This OR circuit compares the overcharge voltage or overdischarge voltage with the measured voltage, and when an overcharge voltage or overdischarge voltage that is a switch open condition is detected, the switch open signal is sent to the switch. Output.

以上説明したように、本発明の第１及び第２の実施形態では、組電池１の充電を行なう直流電源２と組電池１との間に、安定した直流電圧を補償するための電圧補償装置７を接続するようにした。
この結果、直流電源２の出力電圧が負荷電流に応じて変動しても、その電圧変動を補正し、組電池１の充電に最適な充電電圧を補償することができる。これによって、特に、二次電池１ａ〜１ｌがリチウムイオン二次電池である場合、組電池１内の各電池電圧にばらつきが生じることを抑制し、充電不足の二次電池が生じることを防ぎ、組電池１において安定した電池容量を確保することが可能となる。 As described above, in the first and second embodiments of the present invention, a voltage compensation device for compensating a stable DC voltage between the DC battery 2 and the battery pack 1 for charging the battery pack 1. 7 was connected.
As a result, even if the output voltage of the DC power supply 2 fluctuates according to the load current, the voltage fluctuation can be corrected and the optimum charging voltage for charging the assembled battery 1 can be compensated. Thereby, especially when the secondary batteries 1a to 1l are lithium ion secondary batteries, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of variations in the battery voltages in the assembled battery 1, and to prevent the occurrence of insufficiently charged secondary batteries. It becomes possible to secure a stable battery capacity in the assembled battery 1.

なお、以上説明した実施形態において、図４の電圧補償装置制御部８１、図６の電池管理装置制御部３の機能又はこれらの機能の一部を実現するためのプログラムをコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体に記録して、この記録媒体に記録されたプログラムをコンピュータシステムに読み込ませ、実行することにより電圧補償装置７又は電池管理装置１０の制御を行ってもよい。なお、ここでいう「コンピュータシステム」とは、ＯＳや周辺機器等のハードウェアを含むものとする。   In the embodiment described above, the function of the voltage compensation device control unit 81 in FIG. 4 and the battery management device control unit 3 in FIG. 6 or a computer-readable recording medium for realizing a part of these functions The voltage compensation device 7 or the battery management device 10 may be controlled by causing the computer system to read and execute a program recorded on the recording medium. Here, the “computer system” includes an OS and hardware such as peripheral devices.

以上、この発明の実施形態について図面を参照して詳述してきたが、具体的な構成はこの実施形態に限られるものではなく、この発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲の設計等も含まれる。   The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration is not limited to this embodiment, and includes designs and the like that do not depart from the gist of the present invention.

本発明の第１の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ａの概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the voltage compensation system 11a by the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 電圧補償システム１１ａ（図１）の電圧補償装置７の構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the voltage compensation apparatus 7 of the voltage compensation system 11a (FIG. 1). 本発明の実施形態による電圧補償装置制御部８１の処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the process of the voltage compensation apparatus control part 81 by embodiment of this invention. 電圧補償システム１１ａの電圧補償装置７を実現するための回路をより具体的に示した図である。It is the figure which showed more specifically the circuit for implement | achieving the voltage compensation apparatus 7 of the voltage compensation system 11a. 本発明の実施形態による半導体スイッチ８７を用いた電圧調整の原理を説明するための図である。It is a figure for demonstrating the principle of the voltage adjustment using the semiconductor switch 87 by embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施形態による電圧補償システム１１ａの概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the voltage compensation system 11a by the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態による電池管理装置１０の具体的な構成を示す回路図である。It is a circuit diagram which shows the specific structure of the battery management apparatus 10 by embodiment of this invention. 組電池１内の各二次電池１ａ〜１ｌの電圧のばらつきを模式的に示した図である。FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing voltage variations of secondary batteries 1a to 1l in the assembled battery 1; 従来から知られている電池管理システム１００の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the battery management system 100 conventionally known. 従来から知られている他の電池管理システム２００の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the other battery management system 200 conventionally known. 従来から知られている直流電源２０２の出力特性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the output characteristic of the DC power supply 202 known conventionally.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１・・・組電池、２・・・直流電源、３・・・電池管理装置制御部、４・・・負荷、７・・・電圧補償装置、１１ａ、１１ｂ・・・電圧補償システム、３１・・・電圧設定部、３２ａ〜３２ｌ・・・電圧コントローラ、４１・・・バイパス電流制御素子、４２・・・バイパス電流制限素子、４３・・・バイパス電流測定素子、４４・・・電池電圧誤差増幅器、４５・・・電池電圧測定用誤差増幅器、７１・・・電圧計測部、７２・・・記憶部、７３・・・算出部、７４・・・昇圧部、８１・・・電圧補償装置制御部、８２・・・コンデンサ、８３・・・コイル、８４・・・ダイオード、８５・・・ダイオード、８６・・・コンバータ、８７・・・半導体スイッチ、８８・・・ダイオード
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Battery assembly, 2 ... DC power supply, 3 ... Battery management apparatus control part, 4 ... Load, 7 ... Voltage compensation apparatus, 11a, 11b ... Voltage compensation system, 31. ..Voltage setting unit, 32a to 32l ... voltage controller, 41 ... bypass current control element, 42 ... bypass current limiting element, 43 ... bypass current measuring element, 44 ... battery voltage error amplifier 45 ... Error amplifier for battery voltage measurement, 71 ... Voltage measurement unit, 72 ... Storage unit, 73 ... Calculation unit, 74 ... Boosting unit, 81 ... Voltage compensation device control unit , 82 ... capacitor, 83 ... coil, 84 ... diode, 85 ... diode, 86 ... converter, 87 ... semiconductor switch, 88 ... diode

Claims (5)

電源と組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置であって、
前記組電池の電圧を計測する電圧計測手段と、
前記組電池の充電電圧の上限である組電池最大充電電圧を記憶する組電池情報記憶手段と、
前記組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記組電池最大充電電圧と、前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出する算出手段と、
前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に供給する昇圧手段と、
を有することを特徴とする電圧補償装置。 A voltage compensator connected between a power source and an assembled battery,
Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the assembled battery;
Assembled battery information storage means for storing an assembled battery maximum charging voltage which is an upper limit of the charging voltage of the assembled battery;
Calculating means for calculating a difference between the assembled battery maximum charging voltage stored in the assembled battery information storage means and the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means;
Boosting means for boosting the voltage supplied to the assembled battery by a difference calculated by the calculating means and supplying the boosted battery to the assembled battery;
A voltage compensation device comprising: 電源と複数の二次電池が直列に接続された組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置であって、
前記組電池の電圧を計測する電圧計測手段と、
前記組電池を構成する二次電池数と各二次電池の充電電圧の上限である二次電池最大充電電圧とを記憶する二次電池情報記憶手段と、
前記二次電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記二次電池数と前記二次電池最大充電電圧の積と、前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出する算出手段と、
前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に供給する昇圧手段と、
を有することを特徴とする電圧補償装置。 A voltage compensation device connected between a power source and an assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series,
Voltage measuring means for measuring the voltage of the assembled battery;
Secondary battery information storage means for storing the number of secondary batteries constituting the assembled battery and the secondary battery maximum charging voltage which is the upper limit of the charging voltage of each secondary battery;
A calculating means for calculating a difference between the product of the number of secondary batteries stored in the secondary battery information storage means and the maximum charging voltage of the secondary battery and the voltage measured by the voltage measuring means;
Boosting means for boosting the voltage supplied to the assembled battery by a difference calculated by the calculating means and supplying the boosted battery to the assembled battery;
A voltage compensation device comprising: 複数の二次電池が直列に接続された組電池と、
前記組電池と並列に接続される負荷と、
前記組電池及び前記負荷に直列に接続される電源と、
請求項１又は２に記載の電圧補償装置とを有し、
前記電圧補償装置は、前記組電池と前記電源との間に接続されることを特徴とする電圧補償システム。 An assembled battery in which a plurality of secondary batteries are connected in series;
A load connected in parallel with the assembled battery;
A power source connected in series to the assembled battery and the load;
The voltage compensation device according to claim 1 or 2,
The voltage compensation system is connected between the assembled battery and the power source. 前記各二次電池ごとに設けられ、二次電池の電池電圧が前記二次電池最大充電電圧よりも大きくなった場合に、その二次電池に供給される電流をバイパスさせるバイパス手段を有することを特徴とする請求項３に記載の電圧補償システム。   Provided for each secondary battery, and having a bypass means for bypassing a current supplied to the secondary battery when the battery voltage of the secondary battery becomes larger than the maximum charge voltage of the secondary battery. The voltage compensation system according to claim 3, wherein: 電源と組電池との間に接続される電圧補償装置を使用した電圧補償方法であって、
前記組電池の電圧を電圧計測手段が計測する第1のステップと、
前記組電池の充電電圧の上限である組電池最大充電電圧を組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する第２のステップと、
前記組電池情報記憶手段が記憶する前記組電池最大充電電圧と、前記電圧計測手段が計測した電圧との差分を算出手段が算出する第３のステップと、
前記組電池に供給する電圧を、前記算出手段が算出した差分だけ昇圧して前記組電池に昇圧手段が供給する第４のステップと、
を有することを特徴とする電圧補償方法。
A voltage compensation method using a voltage compensation device connected between a power source and an assembled battery,
A first step in which voltage measuring means measures the voltage of the assembled battery;
A second step in which the assembled battery information storage means stores an assembled battery maximum charging voltage that is an upper limit of the charging voltage of the assembled battery;
A third step in which a calculating means calculates a difference between the assembled battery maximum charging voltage stored in the assembled battery information storage means and a voltage measured by the voltage measuring means;
A fourth step of boosting the voltage supplied to the assembled battery by the difference calculated by the calculating means and supplying the assembled battery to the assembled battery;
A voltage compensation method characterized by comprising:
JP2006227838A 2006-08-24 2006-08-24 Voltage compensation device, voltage compensation system, and voltage compensation method Expired - Fee Related JP4633690B2 (en)

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