JP2008027665A - Light guide plate and flat lighting device - Google Patents

Light guide plate and flat lighting device Download PDF

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JP2008027665A
JP2008027665A JP2006197090A JP2006197090A JP2008027665A JP 2008027665 A JP2008027665 A JP 2008027665A JP 2006197090 A JP2006197090 A JP 2006197090A JP 2006197090 A JP2006197090 A JP 2006197090A JP 2008027665 A JP2008027665 A JP 2008027665A
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light
concave
incident end
curved surface
guide plate
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JP4231878B2 (en
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Kariru Karantaru
カリル カランタル
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Nippon Leiz Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To obtain bright irradiation light with maximum use without waste of light. <P>SOLUTION: The flat lighting device 1 is provided with a light source 11, a light guide plate 2 and a case 12. The light guide plate 2 is provided with an incident end face part 3 guiding in light from the light source 11, an irradiation face part 6 irradiating the incident light from the incident end face part 3, an opposite irradiation face part 5 located at an opposite side of the irradiation face part 6, and side face parts 7 crossing the irradiation face part 6 and the opposite irradiation face part 5. The irradiation face part 6 and the opposite irradiation face part 5 are provided with arch-shaped concave elements 8 whose projected shape is a hand drum shape with a hand-drum-shaped concave part notched at an arbitrary curvature radius with slanted curved surfaces 8a, 8b and with linear parts 8d at either end of the hand drum shape connected by a spherical curved surface 8c. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、導光板の表面部や裏面部に投射した形状が鼓形形状をして、この鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状の凹状素子を設け、さらに表面部や裏面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を設けることにより、導光板内に入射した光源からの光が凹状素子の傾斜曲面に遭遇し、傾斜曲面によって光が広がりを持って反射や屈折をし、指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができ、さらに、入射端面部方向からの光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折して来た光を反射素子で反射して再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面に向け、再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面で反射素子からの反射光を、広がりを持って反射や屈折をすることができ、無駄なく光を最大限に利用することができるために明るい出射光を得ることができる導光板とこの導光板を用いた平面照明装置に関するものである。   According to the present invention, the shape projected onto the front and back portions of the light guide plate has a drum shape, and the concave portion of the drum shape is cut off at an arbitrary curvature radius and has an inclined curved surface. A concave element with an arch shape in which the linear portions at both ends of each are connected with a spherical curved surface is provided, and further reflected in the direction of the incident end face near the edge portion other than the incident end face portion of the front surface portion and the rear surface portion. By providing a concave reflective element, the light from the light source incident on the light guide plate encounters the inclined curved surface of the concave element, and the inclined curved surface reflects and refracts light with a spread, even with directional light Uniform outgoing light can be obtained by spreading the light. Further, the light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface of the concave element is reflected by the reflective element, and the inclined curved surface of the concave element is again reflected. The reflected light from the reflective element again on the inclined curved surface of the concave element , A light guide plate capable of reflecting and refracting with a wide spread and maximizing the use of light without waste, and a bright illumination light and a flat illumination device using the light guide plate It is.

従来の平面照明装置としては、導光板の表面部や裏面部に反射部材を設け、どちらか一方に帯状のスリットである欠切部を設け、欠切部が光源に近いほど小さく、光源が点状の場合には点光源の発光部を中心とする円弧状スリットを設け、光源からの距離が大きくなるにつれスリット間が狭くなるようにしたものが知られている。   As a conventional flat illumination device, a reflective member is provided on the front surface portion or the back surface portion of the light guide plate, and a cutout portion that is a band-like slit is provided on either side, and the smaller the cutout portion is closer to the light source, the smaller the light source is. In the case of the shape, an arc-shaped slit centering on the light emitting part of the point light source is provided, and the distance between the slits is narrowed as the distance from the light source increases.

また、従来の平面照明装置として、導光板の表面側に拡散部材を設けるとともに裏面側に反射部材を設け、導光板の反射面(裏面)に所定の長さを有する断面V字状のV字溝が光源と平行に各々が所定の間隔をもって離隔して一列にて配置され各列の隣接列が交互に千鳥状に配置し、光源から遠ざかるにつれ間隔が徐々に小さくなるように配列するものが知られている。   Moreover, as a conventional flat illumination device, a V-shaped cross-section having a predetermined length on the reflection surface (back surface) of the light guide plate is provided with a diffusion member on the front surface side of the light guide plate and a reflection member on the back surface side. The grooves are arranged in a row parallel to the light source and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval, and adjacent rows of each row are alternately arranged in a staggered manner, and the intervals are gradually reduced as the distance from the light source increases. Are known.

さらに、従来の導光板としては、表面や裏面全体に反射屈折させるV溝の窪みを入射方向に平行に多数断続的に千鳥状や円弧状に設け、光の進行方向に沿って窪み同士の間に隙間を設け、光源から遠ざかるにつれ間隔が徐々に小さくなるようにしたものが知られている。
特開昭62−109003号公報 特開平5−216030号公報 特開昭8−286037号公報
Furthermore, as a conventional light guide plate, a large number of V-groove recesses that are reflected and refracted on the entire front and back surfaces are provided intermittently in a staggered or arcuate manner parallel to the incident direction, and between the recesses along the light traveling direction. There is known a structure in which a gap is provided in the gap so that the interval gradually decreases as the distance from the light source increases.
JP 62-109003 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 5-216030 JP-A-8-286037

上述した従来の平面照明装置は、導光板の表面部や裏面部に反射部材を設け、どちらか一方に帯状のスリットである欠切部を設け、欠切部が光源に近いほど小さくすることで、光源に近いほどスリットから漏れる光の量をコントロールし、全体を均一に出射するようにしているが、出射光がスリット状になってしまうため、見栄えが悪い。また、特に光源に近い所では、スリットが小さいために、輝線として現れる。しかも、光源に近い光のため、光のエネルギが大きく、より強い輝線となってしまう課題がある。
また、光源が点状の場合には、点光源の発光部を中心とする円弧状スリットを設け、光源からの距離が大となるにつれスリット間が狭くなるようにする場合も上記と同様な理由で円弧状の輝線が現れてしまう課題がある。
The above-described conventional flat illumination device is provided with a reflective member on the front surface portion and the back surface portion of the light guide plate, and provided with a cutout portion that is a band-like slit on one of them, and the cutout portion is made smaller as it is closer to the light source. The closer to the light source, the amount of light leaking from the slit is controlled so that the entire light is emitted uniformly. However, since the emitted light becomes a slit shape, the appearance is poor. Also, particularly near the light source, it appears as a bright line because the slit is small. Moreover, since the light is close to the light source, there is a problem that the energy of the light is large and the emission line becomes stronger.
In addition, when the light source is point-like, an arc-shaped slit centering on the light emitting part of the point light source is provided so that the gap between the slits becomes narrower as the distance from the light source becomes larger. There is a problem that arc-like bright lines appear.

さらに、従来の平面照明装置として、導光板の表面側に拡散部材を設けるとともに裏面側に反射部材を設け、導光板の反射面(裏面)に所定の長さを有する断面V字状のV字溝が光源と平行に各々が所定の間隔をもって離隔して一列にて配置され各列の隣接列が交互に千鳥状に配置し、光源から遠ざかるにつれ間隔が徐々に小さくなるように配列するものでは、導光板内に入射された光が進行方向に対するV字溝の傾斜面によって反射され表面側に偏向させるので、特に強い出射光は光源に対して常に平行な出射光であるために、例えば光源の両端部等では出射光の輝度が低くなってしまう課題がある。
特に光源が点光源の場合には、光源からの位置によって輝度分布が均一でない場合が多いために隅等で著しく輝度低下になってしまう課題がある。
Further, as a conventional flat illumination device, a V-shaped cross-section having a predetermined length on the reflective surface (back surface) of the light guide plate is provided with a diffusion member on the front surface side of the light guide plate and a reflective member on the back surface side. The grooves are arranged in a row in parallel with the light source and spaced apart from each other by a predetermined interval, adjacent rows of each row are alternately arranged in a staggered pattern, and the intervals are gradually reduced as they move away from the light source. Since the light incident on the light guide plate is reflected by the inclined surface of the V-shaped groove with respect to the traveling direction and deflected to the surface side, particularly strong outgoing light is always parallel to the light source. There is a problem that the brightness of the emitted light is lowered at both ends of the light.
In particular, when the light source is a point light source, the luminance distribution is often not uniform depending on the position from the light source.

また、従来の導光板として、表面や裏面全体に反射屈折させるV溝の窪みを入射方向に平行に多数断続的に千鳥状や円弧状に設け、光の進行方向に沿って窪み同士の間に隙間を設け、光源から遠ざかるにつれ間隔が徐々に小さくなるようにしたものでは、光源から遠ざかるにつれ間隔が徐々に小さくなるようにしても大きな導光板では窪みに遮られてしまう課題がある。   In addition, as a conventional light guide plate, a large number of V-groove recesses that are reflected and refracted on the entire front and back surfaces are provided in a staggered or arcuate manner in parallel with the incident direction, and between the recesses along the light traveling direction. In the case where a gap is provided so that the interval gradually decreases as the distance from the light source increases, there is a problem that even if the interval gradually decreases as the distance from the light source decreases, the large light guide plate is blocked by the depression.

さらに、表面や裏面全体にV溝の窪みを入射方向に対して円弧状に多数断続的に設けて、陰極線管での中央部が強く、周辺部で弱くなっている場合にも一様な分布を期待しているが、陰極線管の中央部分からの光を反射させるために円弧状にするために、陰極線管からの平行光は利用できないので、陰極線管の中央部分からの光は斜方向からの光しか利用できず、陰極線管からの平行光よりもエネルギが低く、反射された光の出射位置(形状)が異なり、全体として一様な出射光でなく、表面からの出射された輝度分布に課題がある。   In addition, a large number of V-groove dents are provided intermittently in an arc shape with respect to the incident direction on the entire front and back surfaces, and the distribution is uniform even when the central portion of the cathode ray tube is strong and weak at the peripheral portion. However, in order to reflect the light from the central part of the cathode ray tube, the parallel light from the cathode ray tube cannot be used because it is arcuate to reflect the light from the central part of the cathode ray tube. , The energy is lower than the parallel light from the cathode ray tube, the reflected light emission position (shape) is different, and the brightness distribution emitted from the surface is not uniform light as a whole There is a problem.

また、従来の導光板は、表面部や裏面部に設けた種々の反射や屈折をさせる手段に於いて、単に表面部や裏面部に設けて表面部と裏面部との関連性がないものであった為に、十分な光の利用に課題があった。
そのため、このような導光板を用いた従来の平面照明装置は、光の輝度に対して不満足なものであった。
In addition, the conventional light guide plate is simply provided on the front surface portion or the back surface portion and has no relation between the front surface portion and the back surface portion in various reflection and refraction means provided on the front surface portion and the back surface portion. As a result, there was a problem in using sufficient light.
For this reason, the conventional flat illumination device using such a light guide plate is unsatisfactory with respect to the luminance of light.

(発明の目的)
本発明は、上記のような課題を解決するためになされたもので、導光板の出射面部や反出射面部に投射した形状が鼓形形状を有して鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するととに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を用いて、凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面を入射端面部方向に向けて設けるとともに凹状の反射素子を入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近や入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に設けて入射端面部から導かれる光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で反射や屈折をし、さらにこの凹状素子を透過した光を凹状の反射素子によって略出射面部方向に全反射させたり、戻ってきた光を再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面で反射や屈折を行い斑の無い明るい出射光を得ることのできる導光板と、この導光板を用いた平面照明装置を提供することを目的としている。
(Object of invention)
The present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems. The shape projected on the exit surface portion and the opposite exit surface portion of the light guide plate has an hourglass shape, and the concave portion of the hourglass shape has an arbitrary curvature. Using an arch-shaped concave element that has an inclined curved surface when cut by a radius, and linear portions at both ends of the hourglass shape are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface, the inclined curved surface of any one of the concave elements In the direction of the incident end face, and the concave reflecting element is located near the edge side other than the incident end face or at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end face in the direction of the incident end face. The light guided from the incident end surface is reflected or refracted by the inclined curved surface of the concave element, and the light transmitted through the concave element is totally reflected by the concave reflective element in the direction of the emission surface or returned. The light is reflected again by the inclined curved surface of the concave element. And its object is to provide a light guide plate capable of obtaining a bright output light without unevenness performed folded, the planar lighting device using the light guide plate.

本発明の請求項1に係る導光板は、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けたことを特徴とする。   In the light guide plate according to claim 1 of the present invention, the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched at an arbitrary curvature radius, has an inclined curved surface, and both ends of the hourglass shape An arch-shaped concave element in which the straight portions are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface is provided on the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion.

請求項1に係る導光板は、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けたので、傾斜曲面に進んだ光が広がりを持って反射や屈折をする。   In the light guide plate according to claim 1, the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and straight portions at both ends of the hourglass shape Since the arch-shaped concave elements connected to each other by spherical curved surfaces are provided on the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion, the light traveling on the inclined curved surface is reflected and refracted with a spread.

また、請求項2に係る導光板は、凹状素子が何れか1つの傾斜曲面を入射端面部方向に向けて配置することを特徴とする。   Further, the light guide plate according to claim 2 is characterized in that the concave element is arranged such that any one inclined curved surface is directed toward the incident end face portion.

請求項2に係る導光板は、凹状素子が何れか1つの傾斜曲面を入射端面部方向に向けて配置するので、傾斜曲面の全てが導光板内に入射した光と遭遇することができる。   In the light guide plate according to the second aspect, the concave element arranges any one of the inclined curved surfaces in the direction of the incident end face, so that all of the inclined curved surfaces can encounter light incident on the light guide plate.

さらに、請求項3に係る導光板は、出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子をさらに具備したことを特徴とする。   Furthermore, the light guide plate according to claim 3 further comprises a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face and / or the counter exit face. To do.

請求項3に係る導光板は、出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子をさらに具備したので、入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に来た光を入射端面部方向に反射することができる。   The light guide plate according to claim 3 further includes a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face and / or the opposite exit face. Can be reflected in the direction of the incident end face.

また、請求項4に係る導光板は、反射素子を入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に設けることを特徴とする。   The light guide plate according to claim 4 is characterized in that the reflecting element is provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction.

請求項4に係る導光板は、反射素子を入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に設けるので、入射端面部方向からの光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折して来た光を全反射して出射面部や反出射面部に向けることができる。   The light guide plate according to claim 4 provides the reflecting element at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction, so that the light from the incident end surface portion direction can receive light from the concave element. The light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface can be totally reflected and directed to the exit surface portion and the counter-exit surface portion.

さらに、請求項5に係る導光板は、反射素子が少なくとも1つの反射面を有し、三角柱凹形状、台形柱凹形状、三角錐凹形状、四角錐凹形状、円錐凹形状の何れかからなることを特徴とする。   Further, in the light guide plate according to claim 5, the reflection element has at least one reflection surface, and is formed of any one of a triangular prism concave shape, a trapezoidal cylindrical concave shape, a triangular pyramidal concave shape, a quadrangular pyramidal concave shape, and a conical concave shape. It is characterized by that.

請求項5に係る導光板は、反射素子が少なくとも1つの反射面を有し、三角柱凹形状、台形柱凹形状、三角錐凹形状、四角錐凹形状、円錐凹形状の何れかからなるので、少なくとも1つの反射面で入射端面部からの光やアーチ状形状からの光を全反射することができるとともに他方からの光も他の反射面で全反射することができる。   In the light guide plate according to claim 5, the reflective element has at least one reflecting surface, and is formed of any one of a triangular prism concave shape, a trapezoidal cylindrical concave shape, a triangular pyramid concave shape, a quadrangular pyramid concave shape, and a conical concave shape. The light from the incident end face or the light from the arch shape can be totally reflected by at least one reflection surface, and the light from the other can also be totally reflected by the other reflection surface.

また、請求項6に係る平面照明装置は、光源と、
該光源からの光を導く入射端面部と、入射端面部からの入射光を出射する出射面部と、当該出射面部の反対側に位置する反出射面部と、これら出射面部と反出射面部とに交わる側面部とを有し、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けた導光板とを少なくとも具備したことを特徴とする。
Moreover, the flat illumination device according to claim 6 includes a light source,
Intersects an incident end face part that guides light from the light source, an exit face part that emits incident light from the incident end face part, a counter-exit face part located on the opposite side of the exit face part, and the exit face part and the counter exit face part And the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and the linear portions at both ends of the hourglass shape are mutually connected. It is characterized by comprising at least a light guide plate provided with arch-shaped concave elements connected by spherical curved surfaces on the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion.

請求項6に係る平面照明装置は、光源と、
該光源からの光を導く入射端面部と、入射端面部からの入射光を出射する出射面部と、当該出射面部の反対側に位置する反出射面部と、これら出射面部と反出射面部とに交わる側面部とを有し、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けた導光板とを少なくとも具備したので、導光板内に入射した光源からの光が凹状素子の傾斜曲面に遭遇し、傾斜曲面によって光が広がりを持って反射や屈折をする。
The flat illumination device according to claim 6 includes a light source,
Intersects an incident end face part that guides light from the light source, an exit face part that emits incident light from the incident end face part, a counter-exit face part located on the opposite side of the exit face part, and the exit face part and the counter exit face part And the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and the linear portions at both ends of the hourglass shape are mutually connected. Since it has at least a light guide plate provided with an arcuate concave element connected by a spherical curved surface on the exit surface part and / or the opposite exit surface part, the light from the light source incident on the light guide plate is inclined by the concave element. A curved surface is encountered, and light is reflected and refracted by the inclined curved surface.

さらに、請求項7に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を設けたことを特徴とする。   Further, in the planar illumination device according to claim 7, the light guide plate is provided with a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face or / and the opposite exit face. It is characterized by.

請求項7に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を設けたので、入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に来た光を入射端面部方向に反射することができる。   In the planar illumination device according to the seventh aspect, since the light guide plate is provided with the concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face or / and the opposite exit face. Light that has come to the vicinity of the end side other than the end face can be reflected in the direction of the incident end face.

また、請求項8に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に反射素子を設けることを特徴とする。   The planar illumination device according to claim 8 is characterized in that the reflective element is provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction on the light guide plate.

請求項8に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に反射素子を設けるので、入射端面部方向からの光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折して来た光を反射して、再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面に向けることができる。   In the planar illumination device according to the eighth aspect, the reflective element is provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction on the light guide plate. Light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface of the concave element can be reflected and directed again to the inclined curved surface of the concave element.

さらに、請求項9に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に設けた凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面を光源方向に向けて配置することを特徴とする。   Furthermore, the planar illumination device according to claim 9 is characterized in that any one inclined curved surface of the concave elements provided on the light guide plate is arranged toward the light source direction.

請求項9に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に設けた凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面を光源方向に向けて配置するので、光源からの光を確実に凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面で受け、全反射や屈折をすることができる。   In the flat illumination device according to the ninth aspect, since any one inclined curved surface of the concave elements provided on the light guide plate is arranged in the light source direction, the light from the light source is reliably transmitted to any one inclined curved surface of the concave elements. Can be totally reflected and refracted.

以上のように、請求項1に係る導光板は、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けたので、傾斜曲面に進んだ光が広がりを持って反射や屈折をする。
そのために、指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。
As described above, in the light guide plate according to claim 1, the projected shape has the hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary curvature radius, and has an inclined curved surface, and the hourglass shape Since the concave elements with an arch shape in which the linear portions at both ends are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface are provided on the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion, the light traveling on the inclined curved surface spreads and reflects and refracts To do.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain uniform outgoing light by spreading the light even with directional light.

請求項2に係る導光板は、凹状素子が何れか1つの傾斜曲面を入射端面部方向に向けて配置するので、傾斜曲面の全てが導光板内に入射した光と遭遇することができる。
そのために、傾斜曲面で広がりを持って反射や屈折を行い指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。
In the light guide plate according to the second aspect, the concave element arranges any one of the inclined curved surfaces in the direction of the incident end face, so that all of the inclined curved surfaces can encounter light incident on the light guide plate.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain uniform emission light by spreading and spreading light with directivity by performing reflection and refraction with a spread on an inclined curved surface.

請求項3に係る導光板は、出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子をさらに具備したので、入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に来た光を入射端面部方向に反射することができる。
そのために、入射端面部方向と反射素子とを結ぶ線上に反射光を存在させることができ再度光を利用する可能性を得ることができる。
The light guide plate according to claim 3 further includes a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face and / or the opposite exit face. Can be reflected in the direction of the incident end face.
Therefore, the reflected light can be present on the line connecting the incident end face direction and the reflecting element, and the possibility of using the light again can be obtained.

請求項4に係る導光板は、反射素子を入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に設けるので、入射端面部方向からの光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折して来た光を全反射して出射面部や反出射面部に向けることができる。
そのために、凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折された光を反射素子で広がりを持って反射をすることができ、無駄なく光を最大限に利用することができる。
The light guide plate according to claim 4 provides the reflecting element at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction, so that the light from the incident end surface portion direction can receive light from the concave element. The light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface can be totally reflected and directed to the exit surface portion and the counter-exit surface portion.
Therefore, the light transmissively refracted by the inclined curved surface of the concave element can be reflected by the reflecting element with a spread, and the light can be utilized to the maximum without waste.

請求項5に係る導光板は、反射素子が少なくとも1つの反射面を有し、三角柱凹形状、台形柱凹形状、三角錐凹形状、四角錐凹形状、円錐凹形状の何れかからなるので、少なくとも1つの反射面で入射端面部からの光やアーチ状形状からの光を全反射することができるとともに他方からの光も他の反射面で全反射することができる。
そのために、無駄なく入射端面部からの光を利用することができる。
In the light guide plate according to claim 5, the reflective element has at least one reflecting surface, and is formed of any one of a triangular prism concave shape, a trapezoidal cylindrical concave shape, a triangular pyramid concave shape, a quadrangular pyramid concave shape, and a conical concave shape. The light from the incident end face or the light from the arch shape can be totally reflected by at least one reflection surface, and the light from the other can also be totally reflected by the other reflection surface.
Therefore, light from the incident end face can be used without waste.

請求項6に係る平面照明装置は、光源と、
該光源からの光を導く入射端面部と、入射端面部からの入射光を出射する出射面部と、当該出射面部の反対側に位置する反出射面部と、これら出射面部と反出射面部とに交わる側面部とを有し、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を出射面部または/および反出射面部に設けた導光板とを少なくとも具備したので、導光板内に入射した光源からの光が凹状素子の傾斜曲面に遭遇し、傾斜曲面によって光が広がりを持って反射や屈折をする。
そのために、指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。
The flat illumination device according to claim 6 includes a light source,
Intersects an incident end face part that guides light from the light source, an exit face part that emits incident light from the incident end face part, a counter-exit face part located on the opposite side of the exit face part, and the exit face part and the counter exit face part And the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and the linear portions at both ends of the hourglass shape are mutually connected. Since it has at least a light guide plate provided with an arcuate concave element connected by a spherical curved surface on the exit surface part and / or the opposite exit surface part, the light from the light source incident on the light guide plate is inclined by the concave element. A curved surface is encountered, and light is reflected and refracted by the inclined curved surface.
Therefore, it is possible to obtain uniform outgoing light by spreading the light even with directional light.

請求項7に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に出射面部または/および反出射面部の入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を設けたので、入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に来た光を入射端面部方向に反射することができる。
そのために、入射端面部と反射素子とを結ぶ線上に反射光を存在させることができ再度光を利用する可能性を得ることができるために明るい出射光を得ることができる。
In the planar illumination device according to the seventh aspect, since the light guide plate is provided with the concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face or / and the opposite exit face. Light that has come to the vicinity of the end side other than the end face can be reflected in the direction of the incident end face.
Therefore, the reflected light can exist on the line connecting the incident end face portion and the reflecting element, and the possibility of using the light again can be obtained, so that the bright emitted light can be obtained.

請求項8に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に入射端面部方向に存在する凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置に反射素子を設けるので、入射端面部方向からの光を凹状素子の傾斜曲面で透過屈折して来た光を反射して、再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面に向けることができる。
そのために、再度凹状素子の傾斜曲面で反射素子からの反射光を、広がりを持って反射や屈折をすることができ、無駄なく光を最大限に利用することができるために明るい出射光を得ることができる。
In the planar illumination device according to the eighth aspect, the reflective element is provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction on the light guide plate. Light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface of the concave element can be reflected and directed again to the inclined curved surface of the concave element.
For this reason, the reflected light from the reflecting element can be reflected and refracted with a wide slope again by the inclined curved surface of the concave element, and the light can be used to the maximum without waste, so that bright outgoing light is obtained. be able to.

請求項9に係る平面照明装置は、導光板に設けた凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面を光源方向に向けて配置するので、光源からの光を確実に凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面で受け、全反射や屈折をすることができる。
そのために、全ての光源からの光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。
In the flat illumination device according to the ninth aspect, since any one inclined curved surface of the concave elements provided on the light guide plate is arranged in the light source direction, the light from the light source is reliably transmitted to any one inclined curved surface of the concave elements. Can be totally reflected and refracted.
Therefore, it is possible to spread light from all light sources and obtain uniform emitted light.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を添付図面に基づいて説明する。
なお、本発明は、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するととに傾斜曲面を有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子の何れか1つの傾斜曲面を入射端面部方向に向けて配置するとともに入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を凹状素子の入射端面部方向の反対側の傾斜曲面に対応した位置や入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近位置になるように反出射面部に設けた導光板と、この導光板を用いた平面照明装置を提供するものである。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In the present invention, the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is cut off at an arbitrary curvature radius, and has an inclined curved surface. Any one of the arch-shaped concave elements connected by a spherical curved surface is disposed in the direction of the incident end face, and a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face is provided on the incident end face of the concave element. Provided with a light guide plate provided on the non-emission surface portion so as to be in a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the direction or in the vicinity of the end side portion other than the incident end surface portion, and a flat illumination device using this light guide plate It is.

図1は本発明に係る平面照明装置の略斜視図、図2(a),(b)は本発明に係る導光板上に設けた形状の略斜視図、図3(a),(b)は本発明に係る導光板上に設けた形状の投射図および側面図、図4(a),(b)は本発明に係る導光板上に設けた凹状素子の略分布図、図5(a),(b)および図6(a),(b)は本発明に係る導光板上に設けた凹状素子および反射素子の略分布図、図7および図8は本発明に係る凹状素子の光の軌跡図、図9(a)〜(e)は本発明に係る導光板上に設けた反射素子の略図、図10は本発明に係る凹状素子と反射素子との光の軌跡図である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a flat illumination device according to the present invention, FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic perspective views of shapes provided on a light guide plate according to the present invention, and FIGS. Is a projection view and a side view of the shape provided on the light guide plate according to the present invention, FIGS. 4A and 4B are schematic distribution diagrams of the concave elements provided on the light guide plate according to the present invention, and FIG. ), (B) and FIGS. 6 (a) and 6 (b) are schematic diagrams of the concave elements and the reflective elements provided on the light guide plate according to the present invention, and FIGS. 7 and 8 show the light of the concave elements according to the present invention. 9 (a) to 9 (e) are schematic views of the reflecting element provided on the light guide plate according to the present invention, and FIG. 10 is a locus diagram of light between the concave element and the reflecting element according to the present invention.

図1の平面照明装置1は、導光板2と、光源11と、反射体またはケース12からなる構成である。   The flat illumination device 1 in FIG. 1 is configured by a light guide plate 2, a light source 11, and a reflector or case 12.

導光板2は、屈折率nが1.4〜1.7程度の透明なアクリル樹脂(PMMA)やポリカーボネート(PC)等で形成される。導光板2は、光源11からの光を導く入射端面部3と、入射端面部3の反対側に位置する反入射端面部4と、入射端面部3からの光を出射する出射面部6と、この出射面部6の反対側に位置する反出射面部5と、これら出射面部6と反出射面部5とに交わる側面部7とから成り、反出射面部5には凹状素子8および反射素子9を設け、出射面部6には出光素子10を設ける。   The light guide plate 2 is formed of a transparent acrylic resin (PMMA) or polycarbonate (PC) having a refractive index n of about 1.4 to 1.7. The light guide plate 2 includes an incident end surface portion 3 that guides light from the light source 11, a non-incident end surface portion 4 that is located on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion 3, an output surface portion 6 that emits light from the incident end surface portion 3, and It consists of a counter-exiting surface part 5 located on the opposite side of the exiting surface part 6 and a side surface part 7 that intersects the exiting surface part 6 and the counter-exiting surface part 5, and the counter-exiting surface part 5 is provided with a concave element 8 and a reflecting element 9. The light emitting element 10 is provided on the emission surface portion 6.

導光板2の入射端面部3から入射した光は、屈折角γが0≦|γ|≦Sin-1(1/n)の式を満たす範囲で導光板2内に進む。例えば一般の導光板2に使用されている樹脂材料であるアクリル樹脂の屈折率nはn=1.49程度であるので、最大が入射角90°となり、入射端面部3で屈折する屈折角γはγ=0〜±42°程度の範囲内となり、入射端面部3から導光板2内を伝播する。 The light incident from the incident end face portion 3 of the light guide plate 2 travels into the light guide plate 2 within a range where the refraction angle γ satisfies the expression 0 ≦ | γ | ≦ Sin −1 (1 / n). For example, since the refractive index n of an acrylic resin, which is a resin material used for a general light guide plate 2, is about n = 1.49, the maximum is an incident angle of 90 °, and the refractive angle γ refracted at the incident end face 3. Is in the range of about γ = 0 to ± 42 °, and propagates from the incident end face portion 3 through the light guide plate 2.

さらに、屈折角γ=0〜±42°の範囲内で導光板2内に入射した光は、導光板2と空気層(屈折率n=1)との境界面において、Sinα=(1/n)の式により臨界角を表わすことができる。例えば一般の導光板2に使用されている樹脂材料であるアクリル樹脂の屈折率はn=1.49程度であるので、臨界角αはα=42°程度になる。そして、導光板2内の光は、導光板2の出射面部6や反出射面部5に光線を偏向する溝等の凸や凹等が無かったり、臨界角αを越えなければ、出射面部6や反出射面部5で全て全反射しながら入射端面部3の反対方向へ進むことになる。
但し、入射端面部3から反入射端面部4方向に進むに従い導光板2の厚さが徐々に薄くなるような楔形状の導光板2の場合には、導光板2の楔形状の傾斜により臨界角αを破って出射(テーパーリーク)する。
Further, the light incident on the light guide plate 2 within the range of the refraction angle γ = 0 to ± 42 ° is Sin α = (1 / n) at the boundary surface between the light guide plate 2 and the air layer (refractive index n = 1). ) Can be used to express the critical angle. For example, since the refractive index of acrylic resin, which is a resin material used for the general light guide plate 2, is about n = 1.49, the critical angle α is about α = 42 °. The light in the light guide plate 2 is not provided with projections or depressions such as grooves for deflecting light rays on the exit surface portion 6 or the counter exit surface portion 5 of the light guide plate 2 or does not exceed the critical angle α. The light travels in the opposite direction of the incident end face 3 while being totally reflected by the counter-exit face 5.
However, in the case of the wedge-shaped light guide plate 2 in which the thickness of the light guide plate 2 is gradually reduced from the incident end face portion 3 toward the non-incident end face portion 4, it is critical due to the wedge-shaped inclination of the light guide plate 2. Break the angle α and emit (taper leak).

導光板2は、投射した形状が図3(a)のような鼓形形状を有して、この鼓形形状の2つの凹部分8eが任意の曲率半径rで欠切するとともに傾斜曲面8aおよび傾斜曲面8bを有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8dが互いに図3(b)の側面図に示すような球曲面8cで接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子8を複数設ける。   In the light guide plate 2, the projected shape has a drum shape as shown in FIG. 3A, and the two concave portions 8e of the drum shape are cut off at an arbitrary curvature radius r, and the inclined curved surface 8a and A plurality of concave elements 8 each having an inclined curved surface 8b and having an arcuate shape in which straight portions 8d at both ends of the hourglass shape are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface 8c as shown in the side view of FIG.

また、凹状素子8は、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bの何れか1つを入射端面部3方向に向けて配置する。   In addition, the concave element 8 is arranged with one of the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b facing the incident end surface portion 3 direction.

ここで、図7に凹状素子8における光の軌跡を説明する。
入射端面部3から入射して凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8a方向に進んだ光の内、屈折角γが微小(略平行)の光線Ls0は、傾斜曲面8aに達して傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、光線Lstとして一度出射面部6方向の外部(空気層)に出射する。この出射光Lstは、再度凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bで再度微小な屈折をし、屈折光Lstiとして導光板2の内部を進む。
同様に、屈折角γが小さい光線Lは、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、光線Ltとして一度外部(空気層)に出射する。そして、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向に進んだ光線Ltは、傾斜曲面8bで再度屈折し、屈折光Ltiとして導光板2内を進む。
Here, the locus of light in the concave element 8 will be described with reference to FIG.
Of the light incident from the incident end face portion 3 and traveling in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8, the light ray Ls0 having a minute refraction angle γ (substantially parallel) reaches the inclined curved surface 8a and is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a. The light beam Lst is once emitted to the outside (air layer) in the direction of the emission surface portion 6. The emitted light Lst is again refracted by the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 again and travels inside the light guide plate 2 as the refracted light Lsti.
Similarly, the light beam L having a small refraction angle γ is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a, and once exits to the outside (air layer) as the light beam Lt. Then, the light ray Lt traveling in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 is refracted again by the inclined curved surface 8b and travels through the light guide plate 2 as refracted light Lti.

また、屈折角γが大きな光線L0は、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、出射光L0tとして導光板2の反出射面部5の外部(空気層)に出射する。
同様に、屈折角γが大きな光線L01は、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、出射光L01tとして導光板2の反出射面部5の外部(空気層)に出射する。
In addition, the light beam L0 having a large refraction angle γ is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a, and is emitted as the emitted light L0t to the outside (air layer) of the non-emission surface portion 5 of the light guide plate 2.
Similarly, the light beam L01 having a large refraction angle γ is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a, and is emitted as the emitted light L01t to the outside (air layer) of the opposite light emitting surface portion 5 of the light guide plate 2.

さらに、屈折角γが大きな光線の内、凹状素子8に直接達せずに一度反出射面部5方向に進んだ光線Lrは、反出射面部5で一度全反射し、反射光Lrrとして凹状素子8方向に進む。この反射光Lrrは、傾斜曲面8aに対しての入射角が大きいために傾斜曲面8aで全反射し、反射光Lrr0として出射面部6方向に向かう。
同様に、反出射面部5方向に進んだ光線Lr0は、反出射面部5で一度全反射し、反射光Lr0rとして凹状素子8方向に進む。この反射光Lr0rは、傾斜曲面8aに対しての入射角が大きいために傾斜曲面8aで全反射し、反射光Lr0r0として出射面部6方向に向かう。
Further, among the light beams having a large refraction angle γ, the light beam Lr that has once traveled in the direction of the anti-emission surface portion 5 without directly reaching the concave element 8 is once totally reflected by the anti-emission surface portion 5 and is reflected as the reflected light Lrr in the direction of the concave element 8. Proceed to Since this reflected light Lrr has a large incident angle with respect to the inclined curved surface 8a, it is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 8a and travels in the direction of the exit surface portion 6 as reflected light Lrr0.
Similarly, the light beam Lr0 that has traveled in the direction of the counter-exiting surface portion 5 is totally reflected once by the counter-exiting surface portion 5 and travels in the direction of the concave element 8 as reflected light Lr0r. Since this reflected light Lr0r has a large incident angle with respect to the inclined curved surface 8a, the reflected light Lr0r is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 8a and travels in the direction of the exit surface portion 6 as reflected light Lr0r0.

尚、ここでは反出射面部5に凹状素子8を設けたが、出射面部6に凹状素子8を設けても凹状素子8に対する作用は同じであって、例えば出射面部6のみに凹状素子8を設けることによって、図7に於ける出射光L0tやL01tのように傾斜曲面8aを屈折透過した光は導光板2の出射面部6に対して大きな出射角(導光板2の出射面部6に沿ったように)で出射し、反射光Lr0r0や反射光Lrr0のように傾斜曲面8aで全反射した光は反出射面部5方向に向かい一度反出射面部5から出射し、この導光板2の反出射面部5の下部に反射性を有した反射体またはケース12によって反射され、再度導光板2(反出射面部5)に導かれて出射面部6から出射することができる。
さらに、出射面部6と反出射面部5とに凹状素子8を設けた場合には、反出射面部5のみに凹状素子8を設けた時と出射面部6のみに凹状素子8を設けた時との相互効果を得ることができる。
Here, although the concave element 8 is provided on the non-exiting surface portion 5, the operation on the concave element 8 is the same even if the concave element 8 is provided on the emitting surface portion 6. For example, the concave element 8 is provided only on the emitting surface portion 6. As a result, the light refracted and transmitted through the inclined curved surface 8a like the emitted light L0t and L01t in FIG. 7 has a large outgoing angle with respect to the outgoing surface portion 6 of the light guide plate 2 (like the outgoing surface portion 6 of the light guide plate 2). The light totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 8a, such as the reflected light Lr0r0 and the reflected light Lrr0, is emitted once from the anti-emission surface part 5 toward the anti-emission surface part 5, and the anti-emission surface part 5 of the light guide plate 2 is reflected. It is reflected by the reflector or case 12 having reflectivity at the lower part of the light, and can be guided again to the light guide plate 2 (anti-light emitting surface portion 5) and emitted from the light emitting surface portion 6.
Further, when the concave element 8 is provided on the exit surface portion 6 and the counter-exit surface portion 5, the concave element 8 is provided only on the counter-exit surface portion 5 and when the concave element 8 is provided only on the exit surface portion 6. Mutual effects can be obtained.

尚、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bは、凹状素子8の球曲面8cが成す大きさや任意の曲率半径rで欠切する大きさで変化し、また球曲面8cの成す深さ(高さ)によっても異なり、さらに任意の曲率半径rで欠切する中心位置等によっても異なり、これらの異なる凹状素子8の空間に対する全反射する方位角や極角および屈折する方位角や極角も変化することができ、出射方向の方位角や極角も導光板2上で目的に合わせてコントロールすることができる。   Note that the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 change depending on the size formed by the spherical curved surface 8c of the concave element 8 or the size cut out by an arbitrary radius of curvature r, and the depth formed by the spherical curved surface 8c ( Height), and also depending on the center position and the like that are cut off at an arbitrary radius of curvature r, and the azimuth angle and polar angle for total reflection and the refracted azimuth angle and polar angle with respect to the space of these different concave elements 8 The azimuth angle and polar angle in the emission direction can be controlled on the light guide plate 2 according to the purpose.

また、図8は凹状素子8の投射した方向からの鼓形形状での光の軌跡を示す。
上記図7で示した光線LやLs0の光線は、傾斜曲面8aへの入射角が小さい為に、傾斜曲面8aで外部(空気層)に屈折し、再度傾斜曲面8bで屈折して導光板2内に入射するが、これら屈折する時に出射面部6や反出射面部5から観測した場合には、導光板2内からの光は円弧状の曲面をした傾斜曲面8aによって鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8d方向に屈折される。
FIG. 8 shows the locus of light in a drum shape from the direction projected by the concave element 8.
The light rays L and Ls0 shown in FIG. 7 are refracted to the outside (air layer) by the inclined curved surface 8a and again refracted by the inclined curved surface 8b because the incident angle to the inclined curved surface 8a is small. However, when the light is refracted and observed from the light exit surface 6 or the counter light exit surface 5, the light from the light guide plate 2 is straight at both ends of the hourglass shape by the inclined curved surface 8 a having an arcuate curved surface. Refracted in the direction of the portion 8d.

導光板52内からの光線L0は、凹状素子8での鼓形形状の中心に進む。この光線L0は屈折せずに直進し、空気層を通過し再度傾斜曲面8bにおいても屈折せずに傾斜曲面8bから直進し導光板2の内部に進む。
但し、図7で説明したように、出射面部6と反出射面部5との導光板2の厚さ方向には屈折している。
The light beam L0 from the inside of the light guide plate 52 proceeds to the center of the hourglass shape in the concave element 8. The light ray L0 travels straight without being refracted, passes through the air layer, travels straight from the inclined curved surface 8b without being refracted again at the inclined curved surface 8b, and proceeds to the inside of the light guide plate 2.
However, as described with reference to FIG. 7, the light exiting surface portion 6 and the non-light emitting surface portion 5 are refracted in the thickness direction of the light guide plate 2.

さらに、導光板2内からの光線L00は、凹状素子8での鼓形形状の両端に進む。この光線L00は傾斜曲面8aで外側方向に屈折し、一度外部(空気層)に出た屈折光線L0iが鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8d方向に進み、両端の直線部分8dでさらに屈折して導光板2の内部に光線Lttが進む。   Further, the light beam L00 from the inside of the light guide plate 2 travels to both ends of the hourglass shape in the concave element 8. The light ray L00 is refracted outward by the inclined curved surface 8a, and the refracted light ray L0i once emitted to the outside (air layer) proceeds in the direction of the linear portion 8d at both ends of the hourglass shape, and is further refracted by the linear portion 8d at both ends. The light beam Ltt travels inside the light guide plate 2.

また、凹状素子8に対して直角方向からでない光線L01は、傾斜曲面8aでやや外側方向に屈折し、一度外部(空気層)に出た屈折光線L0tが傾斜曲面8b方向に進み、さらに傾斜曲面8bでは傾斜曲面8aとは逆の曲面のためにやや集光するように屈折して屈折光Lt1が導光板2の内部に進む。   The light beam L01 that is not from the direction perpendicular to the concave element 8 is refracted slightly outward on the inclined curved surface 8a, and the refracted light beam L0t once emitted to the outside (air layer) proceeds in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b. In 8b, since it is a curved surface opposite to the inclined curved surface 8a, the light is refracted so that it is slightly condensed, and the refracted light Lt1 advances into the light guide plate 2.

尚、ここでは図示しないが、傾斜曲面8aへの入射角が小さい光に対し上記で説明した図7に凹状素子8における傾斜曲面8aに対しての入射角が大きい反射光LrrやLr0rは傾斜曲面8aで全反射し、出射面部6方向に向かうが、これら全反射する時に出射面部6や反出射面部5から観測した場合には、導光板2内からの光は円弧状の曲面をした傾斜曲面8aによって広がりを持って(鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8d方向に)全反射される。   Although not shown here, reflected light Lrr and Lr0r having a large incident angle with respect to the inclined curved surface 8a in the concave element 8 in FIG. 7 described above with respect to light having a small incident angle with respect to the inclined curved surface 8a are inclined curved surfaces. Although the light is totally reflected by 8a and travels in the direction of the exit surface 6, the light from the light guide plate 2 is an inclined curved surface having an arcuate curved surface when observed from the exit surface 6 or the counter-projection surface 5 when totally reflected. 8a is totally reflected (in the direction of the linear portion 8d at both ends of the hourglass shape) with a broadening.

さらに、図4に示すように、導光板2の出射面部6や反出射面部5に設ける凹状素子8は、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bの何れか1つの傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bを入射端面部3方向に向けて配置する。   Further, as shown in FIG. 4, the concave element 8 provided on the emission surface portion 6 and the opposite emission surface portion 5 of the light guide plate 2 is an inclined curved surface 8 a or an inclined curved surface of any one of the inclined curved surface 8 a and the inclined curved surface 8 b of the concave element 8. 8b is arranged in the direction of the incident end face 3.

図4(a)は、導光板2の入射端面部3の中央に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に向けて設ける。
光源11の出光面に対して入射端面部3の大きさが大きい為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が放射状(円弧状)に進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8を略放射状(円弧状)に設けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bが光源11に向かうように凹部分8eを分布させる。
4A, the light source 11 is provided at the center of the incident end face 3 of the light guide plate 2, and the concave portion 8e (the inclined curved face 8a or the inclined curved face 8b) of the concave element 8 is provided in the direction of the incident end face 3. FIG.
Because the size of the incident end surface portion 3 is larger than the light exit surface of the light source 11, the light from the light source 11 proceeds radially (in an arc shape) when light enters the incident end surface portion 3 from the light source 11.
Therefore, the concave elements 8 are provided in a substantially radial shape (arc shape) corresponding to the light traveling state, and the concave portions 8e are distributed so that the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b faces the light source 11.

また、図4(b)は、入射端面部3を導光板2の隅に設け、この入射端面部3の近傍に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に向けて設ける。
導光板の大きさに対して入射端面部3の大きさが小さく、入射端面部3が導光板2の隅に設けた為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が入射端面部3から導光板2内に広がって進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8を入射端面部3方向に向けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bが光源11に向かうように凹部分8eを分布させる。
尚、図示しないが、図4(b)の場合においても、導光板2の大きさ等が大きな時に図4(a)のように凹状素子8を入射端面部3方向に向けて略放射状(円弧状)に設けても良い。
4B, the incident end face portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2, the light source 11 is provided in the vicinity of the incident end face portion 3, and the concave portion 8e (the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b) of the concave element 8 is provided. ) In the direction of the incident end face 3.
Since the incident end surface portion 3 is smaller than the light guide plate and the incident end surface portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2, when the light enters the incident end surface portion 3 from the light source 11, the light source 11. From the incident end face part 3 spreads in the light guide plate 2 and proceeds.
For this purpose, the concave portion 8e is distributed so that the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b faces the light source 11 with the concave element 8 directed toward the incident end face portion 3 in accordance with the light traveling state.
Although not shown, also in the case of FIG. 4B, when the size of the light guide plate 2 is large, the concave element 8 is directed substantially radially (circular) toward the incident end face 3 as shown in FIG. (Arc shape) may be provided.

このように、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bの全てが導光板2内に入射した光と遭遇することができ、傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bで広がりを持って反射や屈折を行い指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。   In this way, all of the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b can encounter the light incident on the light guide plate 2, and the directional light is reflected and refracted by spreading on the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b. However, it is possible to obtain a uniform outgoing light by spreading the light.

よって、投射した形状が図8のような鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分8eが任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面8aおよび傾斜曲面8bを有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8dが互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状8cをした凹状素子8を出射面部6や反出射面部5に設けたので、傾斜曲面8aに進んだ光が広がりを持って全反射や屈折をし、指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。   Therefore, the projected shape has the hourglass shape as shown in FIG. 8, the concave portion 8e of the hourglass shape is notched with an arbitrary curvature radius, and has the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b. Since the concave elements 8 having an arched shape 8c in which the linear portions 8d at both ends are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface are provided on the emission surface portion 6 and the anti-light emission surface portion 5, the light that has traveled to the inclined curved surface 8a has a spread. Reflected and refracted, and even directional light can spread light to obtain uniform outgoing light.

さらに、図10は入射端面部3方向から来る光に対して凹状素子8の入射端面部3方向に向いた傾斜曲面8aの反対側の傾斜曲面8bに対向するように反射素子9を反出射面部6に設ける。   Further, FIG. 10 shows that the reflection element 9 is opposite to the inclined curved surface 8b opposite to the inclined curved surface 8a facing the incident end surface 3 direction of the concave element 8 with respect to the light coming from the incident end surface 3 direction. 6 is provided.

尚、反射素子9は、図9に示すように、三角柱凹形状19a、台形柱凹形状19b、三角錐凹形状19c、四角錐凹形状19d、円錐凹形状19e等から成り、空間19は少なくとも1つの反射面9aまたは反射面9bを有して、少なくとも1つの反射面9aまたは反射面9bを凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向に設け、反射面9aで反射面9aに向かってくる光を出射面部6方向に全反射することができる。   As shown in FIG. 9, the reflecting element 9 is composed of a triangular prism concave shape 19a, a trapezoidal cylindrical concave shape 19b, a triangular pyramid concave shape 19c, a quadrangular pyramid concave shape 19d, a conical concave shape 19e, and the like. There are two reflecting surfaces 9a or 9b, and at least one reflecting surface 9a or reflecting surface 9b is provided in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 and in the direction of the incident end surface 3, and the reflecting surface 9a faces the reflecting surface 9a. The incoming light can be totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6.

また、反射素子9の三角柱凹形状19aは、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光を全反射する反射面9aと、この反射面9aの反対側に反射面9bを有して他方からの光も出射面部6方向に全反射することができる。
尚、反射面9bが傾斜角を持たない(反出射面部5方向や出射面部6方向に対して垂直方向)時には、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光のみを全反射する。
Further, the triangular prism concave shape 19a of the reflecting element 9 has a reflecting surface 9a that totally reflects light from the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the incident end surface portion 3, and a reflecting surface 9b on the opposite side of the reflecting surface 9a. Can also be totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6.
When the reflecting surface 9b does not have an inclination angle (a direction perpendicular to the counter-exiting surface portion 5 direction and the emitting surface portion 6 direction), only light from the inclined curved surface 8b direction and the incident end surface portion 3 direction is totally reflected.

同様に台形柱凹形状17bは、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光を全反射する反射面9aと、この反射面9aの反対側に反射面9bを有するとともにこれら反射面9aと反射面9bとに接続した平面部9dを有して、反射面9bによって他方からの光も出射面部6方向に全反射することができ、平面部9dによって反射面9aや反射面9bに達しなかった光を再度全反射して伝播してきた反対方向に伝播させる。   Similarly, the trapezoidal columnar concave shape 17b includes a reflection surface 9a that totally reflects light from the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the incident end surface 3, and a reflection surface 9b on the opposite side of the reflection surface 9a and the reflection surface 9a. It has a flat portion 9d connected to the reflecting surface 9b, and the reflecting surface 9b can totally reflect the light from the other side in the direction of the emitting surface portion 6, and does not reach the reflecting surface 9a or the reflecting surface 9b by the flat portion 9d. The reflected light is totally reflected again and propagates in the opposite direction.

さらに、三角錐凹形状17cは、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光を全反射する反射面9aと、反射面9aに接続する2つの反射面9bを有して他方からの光も出射面部6方向に全反射することができる。
尚、2つの反射面9bを反出射面部5方向や出射面部6方向に対して垂直方向の(反射面9bが傾斜角を持たない)時には、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光のみを全反射する。
また、隣り合う反射面9aや反射面9bの接続部(稜)を入射端面部3方向に向けた場合には、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3の反対方向の出射面部6方向に極角や方位角が異なって全反射することができる。
Furthermore, the triangular pyramid concave shape 17c has a reflecting surface 9a that totally reflects light from the inclined curved surface 8b direction and the incident end surface 3 direction, and two reflecting surfaces 9b that are connected to the reflecting surface 9a. Can also be totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6.
When the two reflecting surfaces 9b are perpendicular to the opposite exit surface portion 5 direction and the exit surface portion 6 direction (the reflecting surface 9b has no inclination angle), the light from the inclined curved surface 8b direction and the incident end surface portion 3 direction. Only totally reflected.
Further, when the connecting portions (ridges) of the adjacent reflecting surfaces 9a and 9b are directed in the direction of the incident end surface 3, the polar angle is in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the exit surface 6 opposite to the incident end surface 3. It can be totally reflected at different azimuth angles.

同様に、四角錐凹形状17dは、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光を全反射する反射面9aと、反射面9aと同様な3つの反射面9bを有して互いに接続し頂点で交わり、他の3つの反射面9bによって他方全てからの光も出射面部6方向に全反射することができる。
尚、隣り合う反射面9aやや反射面9bの接続部(稜)を傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向に向けた場合には、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3の反対方向の出射面部6方向に極角や方位角が異なって全反射することができる。
Similarly, the quadrangular pyramidal concave shape 17d has a reflection surface 9a that totally reflects light from the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the incident end surface 3 and three reflection surfaces 9b that are similar to the reflection surface 9a and are connected to each other. The light intersects at the apex, and the light from all of the other can be totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6 by the other three reflecting surfaces 9b.
When the connecting portions (ridges) of the adjacent reflecting surfaces 9a and slightly reflecting surfaces 9b are directed in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the incident end surface portion 3, the exit surface portion in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction opposite to the incident end surface portion 3 is used. Total reflection can be achieved with different polar angles and azimuth angles in six directions.

さらに、円錐凹形状17eは、傾斜曲面8b方向および入射端面部3方向からの光のみならず、あらゆる方向からの光を全反射する反射面9aを有し、あらゆる方向に全反射することができる。   Furthermore, the conical concave shape 17e has a reflecting surface 9a that totally reflects not only light from the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b and the direction of the incident end face 3 but also light from all directions, and can totally reflect in all directions. .

図10は、図7でも説明したように、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し一度、外部(空気層)に出射し、また凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向に進み傾斜曲面8bで再度屈折して導光板2内を進む光線を積極的に再度利用するものである。図10において、入射端面部3方向から来る光線L1は、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、光線L1tとして一度外部(空気層)に出射する。凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向に進んだ光線L1tは、傾斜曲面8bで再度屈折し、屈折光L1trとして反射素子9の傾斜面部9a(傾斜曲面8bに対向する)に進む。この屈折光L1trは、傾斜曲面9aで全反射し、全反射光線L1t0として略直角に出射面部6方向に進み出射面部6から出射する。   FIG. 10 is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a and once exits to the outside (air layer), and proceeds in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 to be refracted again by the inclined curved surface 8b as described in FIG. The light beam traveling in 2 is actively used again. In FIG. 10, the light ray L1 coming from the direction of the incident end face 3 is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a and once emitted to the outside (air layer) as the light ray L1t. The light beam L1t that has traveled in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 is refracted again by the inclined curved surface 8b, and proceeds to the inclined surface portion 9a (opposite to the inclined curved surface 8b) of the reflecting element 9 as refracted light L1tr. The refracted light L1tr is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 9a, travels in the direction of the exit surface portion 6 at a substantially right angle as the totally reflected light beam L1t0, and exits from the exit surface portion 6.

同様に、入射端面部3方向から来る光線L2は、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、光線L2tとして一度外部(空気層)に出射する。凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向に進んだ光線L2tは、傾斜曲面8bで再度屈折し、屈折光L2trとして反射素子9の傾斜面部9a(傾斜曲面8bに対向する)に進む。この屈折光L2trは、傾斜曲面9aで全反射し、全反射光線L2t0として略直角に出射面部6方向に進み出射面部6から出射する。   Similarly, the light beam L2 coming from the direction of the incident end surface portion 3 is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a and is once emitted to the outside (air layer) as the light beam L2t. The light beam L2t that has traveled in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 is refracted again by the inclined curved surface 8b, and proceeds to the inclined surface portion 9a (opposite to the inclined curved surface 8b) of the reflecting element 9 as refracted light L2tr. The refracted light L2tr is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 9a, travels in the direction of the exit surface portion 6 at a substantially right angle as the totally reflected light beam L2t0, and exits from the exit surface portion 6.

さらに同様に、光線L3は、傾斜曲面8aで屈折し、光線L3tとして一度外部(空気層)に出射する。凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8b方向に進んだ光線L3tは、傾斜曲面8bで再度屈折し、屈折光L3trとして反射素子9の傾斜面部9a(傾斜曲面8bに対向する)に進む。この屈折光L3trは、傾斜曲面9aで全反射し、全反射光線L3t0として略直角に出射面部6方向に進み出射面部6から出射する。   Similarly, the light beam L3 is refracted by the inclined curved surface 8a, and is once emitted to the outside (air layer) as the light beam L3t. The light beam L3t that has traveled in the direction of the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 is refracted again by the inclined curved surface 8b and proceeds to the inclined surface portion 9a of the reflecting element 9 (opposite the inclined curved surface 8b) as refracted light L3tr. The refracted light L3tr is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 9a, travels in the direction of the exit surface portion 6 at a substantially right angle as the totally reflected light beam L3t0, and exits from the exit surface portion 6.

また、ここでは図示しないが、入射端面部3方向へ凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aを向けて、入射端面部3から入射した光が凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8a方向に進み傾斜曲面8aによって全反射や屈折により光を出射面部6方向等に偏向させたが、これら凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aに達し得なかった光は入射端面部3の反対側に位置する反入射端面部4に達し、この反入射端面部4によって、反射され入射端面部3方向に反射された反射光が再度凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bに達することで、上記で説明したのと同様に傾斜曲面8bによって出射面部6方向等に偏向される。
よって、入射端面部3と反入射端面部4との間を行き来する間に傾斜曲面8aと傾斜曲面8bを利用し凹状素子8を最大限に活用することができるためより多くの光を出射することができる。
Although not shown here, the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8 is directed in the direction of the incident end face 3 so that the light incident from the incident end face 3 travels in the direction of the inclined curved face 8a of the concave element 8 and is totally reflected by the inclined curved face 8a. The light is deflected in the direction of the exit surface 6 by refraction or refraction, but the light that could not reach the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8 reaches the anti-incident end face 4 located on the opposite side of the incident end face 3 and this The reflected light reflected by the non-incident end face portion 4 and reflected in the direction of the incident end face portion 3 reaches the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 again, so that the inclined curved surface 8b causes the outgoing surface portion 6 direction as described above. Etc.
Therefore, since the concave element 8 can be utilized to the maximum by using the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b while going back and forth between the incident end face portion 3 and the anti-incident end face portion 4, more light is emitted. be able to.

このように、投射した形状が図8のような鼓形形状を有し、鼓形形状の凹部分8aや8bが任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面8aおよび傾斜曲面8bを有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8dが互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状8cをした凹状の凹状素子8と、この凹状素子8の入射端面部3方向に向いた傾斜曲面8aの反対側の傾斜曲面8bに対向するように反射素子9とを出射面部6や反出射面部5に設けたので、傾斜曲面8aに進んだ光が広がりを持って全反射し、指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bによって透過屈折をして来た光を全反射して出射面部6や反出射面部5に向けることができ、反射素子9から広がりを持って全反射をすることができ、無駄なく光を最大限に利用することができる。   Thus, the projected shape has a drum shape as shown in FIG. 8, and the concave portions 8a and 8b of the hourglass shape are cut off at an arbitrary curvature radius and have the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b, A concave concave element 8 having an arcuate shape 8c in which linear portions 8d at both ends of the hourglass shape are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface, and an opposite side of the inclined curved surface 8a facing the incident end surface 3 direction of the concave element 8 Since the reflecting element 9 is provided on the exit surface portion 6 and the opposite exit surface portion 5 so as to face the inclined curved surface 8b, the light traveling to the inclined curved surface 8a is totally reflected with a spread, and light is transmitted even with directional light. A uniform outgoing light can be obtained by spreading, and the light transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 can be totally reflected and directed to the outgoing face part 6 and the opposite outgoing face part 5. The light can be totally reflected and spread without any waste. It can be utilized to its fullest extent.

また、図5に示すように、導光板2の出射面部6や反出射面部5に設ける凹状素子8は、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bの何れか1つの傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bを入射端面部3方向に向けて配置するとともに凹状の反射素子9を入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部3方向に反射するように入射端面部3方向に向けて配置する。   As shown in FIG. 5, the concave element 8 provided on the light exit surface 6 and the counter light exit surface 5 of the light guide plate 2 is an inclined curved surface 8 a or an inclined curved surface of any one of the inclined curved surface 8 a and the inclined curved surface 8 b of the concave element 8. 8b is arranged in the direction of the incident end face part 3 and the concave reflecting element 9 is arranged in the direction of the incident end face part 3 so as to be reflected in the direction of the incident end face part 3 in the vicinity of the edge part other than the incident end face part 3. To do.

図5(a)は、導光板2の入射端面部3の中央に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に放射状(円弧状)に向けて設けるとともに凹状の反射素子9を入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部3方向に反射するように入射端面部3方向に向けて設ける。
図4(a)と同様に光源11の出光面に対して入射端面部3の大きさが大きい為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が放射状(円弧状)に進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8を略放射状(円弧状)に設けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bが光源11に向かうように凹部分8eを分布させ、入射端面部3以外の反入射端面部4や側面部7等の端辺部の付近に反射素子9を設けて入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近に進行した光を入射端面部3方向に反射して戻し、反射した反射光が凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bに遭遇することができ光を有効に利用する。
5A includes a light source 11 in the center of the incident end face 3 of the light guide plate 2, and the concave portion 8 e (inclined curved face 8 a or inclined curved face 8 b) of the concave element 8 is radially (arc-shaped) in the direction of the incident end face 3. And the concave reflecting element 9 is provided in the direction of the incident end face 3 so as to be reflected in the direction of the incident end face 3 near the end side other than the incident end face 3.
As in FIG. 4A, the size of the incident end face 3 is larger than the light exit face of the light source 11, so that when the light enters the incident end face 3 from the light source 11, the light from the light source 11 is radial ( Go to the arc).
Therefore, the concave elements 8 are provided in a substantially radial shape (arc shape) corresponding to the light traveling state, and the concave portions 8e are distributed so that the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b faces the light source 11, and the incident end surface portion 3 is provided. A reflection element 9 is provided in the vicinity of the end side portions such as the non-incident end surface portion 4 and the side surface portion 7 to reflect light traveling in the vicinity of the end side portions other than the incident end surface portion 3 toward the incident end surface portion 3. The reflected light reflected and returned can encounter the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8, and the light is used effectively.

また、図5(b)は、入射端面部3を導光板2の隅に設け、この入射端面部3の近傍に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に向けて設けるとともに凹状の反射素子9を入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近に入射端面部3方向に反射するように入射端面部3方向に向けて設ける。
図4(b)と同様に導光板の大きさに対して入射端面部3の大きさが小さく、入射端面部3が導光板2の隅に設けた為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が入射端面部3から導光板2内に広がって進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8を入射端面部3方向に向けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bが光源11に向かうように凹部分8eを分布させ、入射端面部3以外の3つの側面部7の端辺部の付近に反射素子9を設けて入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近に進行した光を入射端面部3方向に反射して戻し、反射した反射光が凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bに遭遇することができ光を有効に利用する。
5B, the incident end face portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2, the light source 11 is provided in the vicinity of the incident end face portion 3, and the concave portion 8e (the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b) of the concave element 8 is provided. ) Is provided in the direction of the incident end face 3, and the concave reflecting element 9 is provided in the direction of the incident end face 3 so as to be reflected in the direction of the incident end face 3 near the edge other than the incident end face 3.
Similar to FIG. 4B, the incident end surface portion 3 is smaller than the light guide plate, and the incident end surface portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2. When light enters, the light from the light source 11 spreads from the incident end face portion 3 into the light guide plate 2 and advances.
Therefore, the concave element 8 is directed toward the incident end face portion 3 in accordance with the light traveling state, and the concave portion 8e is distributed so that the inclined curved face 8a or the inclined curved face 8b faces the light source 11, and other than the incident end face portion 3. The reflection element 9 is provided in the vicinity of the end side portions of the three side surface portions 7, and the light traveling near the end side portions other than the incident end surface portion 3 is reflected back in the direction of the incident end surface portion 3, and the reflected light reflected. Can encounter the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 and use light effectively.

このように、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bの全てが導光板2内に入射した光と遭遇することができ、傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bで広がりを持って反射や屈折を行い指向性の光でも光を広げて均一な出射光を得ることができる。   In this way, all of the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b can encounter the light incident on the light guide plate 2, and the directional light is reflected and refracted by spreading on the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b. However, it is possible to obtain a uniform outgoing light by spreading the light.

さらに、図6に示すように、導光板2の出射面部6や反出射面部5に設ける凹状素子8は、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bの何れか1つの傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bを入射端面部3方向に向けて配置し、この配置した凹状素子8と一対になるように凹状素子8とペアーに反射素子9を設け、凹状素子8の入射端面部3方向に向いた傾斜曲面8aの反対側の傾斜曲面8bに対向するように反射素子9の反射面9aを向けて反出射面部6に設ける。   Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 6, the concave element 8 provided on the light exit surface 6 and the opposite light exit surface 5 of the light guide plate 2 is an inclined curved surface 8 a or an inclined curved surface of any one of the inclined curved surface 8 a and the inclined curved surface 8 b of the concave element 8. 8b is arranged in the direction of the incident end face 3 and the reflecting element 9 is provided in a pair with the concave element 8 so as to be paired with the arranged concave element 8, and the inclined direction of the concave element 8 toward the incident end face 3 is provided. The reflective surface 9a of the reflective element 9 is provided on the counter-exit surface 6 so as to face the inclined curved surface 8b opposite to the curved surface 8a.

図6(a)は、導光板2の入射端面部3の中央に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に略放射状(円弧状)に向けて設けるとともに凹状素子8と一対になるように反射素子9を凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bに対向するように反射素子9の反射面9aを向けて設ける。
図4(a)および図5(a)と同様に光源11の出光面に対して入射端面部3の大きさが大きい為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が放射状(円弧状)に進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8と反射素子9とを略放射状(円弧状)に設けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bと反射素子9の反射面9aまたは反射面9bとのペアーが光源11に向かうように一対の凹部分8eおよび反射素子9を分布させ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bによって出射面部6方向に全反射させ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bによって屈折し透過した光を反射素子9の反射面9aまたは反射面9bで全反射し、出射面部6方向に出射する。
6A includes a light source 11 at the center of the incident end face 3 of the light guide plate 2, and the concave portion 8 e (the inclined curved face 8 a or the inclined curved face 8 b) of the concave element 8 is substantially radial (circular) in the direction of the incident end face 3. The reflective element 9 is provided facing the inclined surface 8b of the concave element 8 so as to face the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 so as to be paired with the concave element 8.
Similar to FIGS. 4A and 5A, since the size of the incident end surface portion 3 is larger than the light exit surface of the light source 11, when the light enters the incident end surface portion 3 from the light source 11, the light source 11. The light from the light travels radially (arc shape).
Therefore, the concave element 8 and the reflective element 9 are provided in a substantially radial shape (arc shape) corresponding to the light traveling state, and the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b and the reflective surface 9a or the reflective surface 9b of the reflective element 9 are provided. The pair of concave portions 8e and the reflecting element 9 are distributed so that the pair of the light source 11 is directed to the light source 11, and is totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6 by the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8, and the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8 is provided. Alternatively, the light refracted and transmitted by the inclined curved surface 8 b is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 9 a or the reflecting surface 9 b of the reflecting element 9 and is emitted in the direction of the emitting surface portion 6.

また、図6(b)は、入射端面部3を導光板2の隅に設け、この入射端面部3の近傍に光源11を備え、凹状素子8の凹部分8e(傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8b)を入射端面部3方向に向けて設けるとともに凹状素子8と一対になるように反射素子9を凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bに対向するように反射素子9の反射面9aを向けて設ける。
図4(b)および図5(b)と同様に導光板の大きさに対して入射端面部3の大きさが小さく、入射端面部3が導光板2の隅に設けた為に、光源11から入射端面部3に光が進入する時に、光源11からの光が入射端面部3から導光板2内に広がって進む。
そのために、光の進む状態に対応して凹状素子8と反射素子9とを入射端面部3方向に向けて、傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bと反射素子9の反射面9aまたは反射面9bとのペアーが光源11に向かうように凹部分8eおよび反射素子9を分布させ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bによって出射面部6方向に全反射させ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aまたは傾斜曲面8bによって屈折し透過した光を一対の反射素子9の反射面9aまたは反射面9bで全反射し、出射面部6方向に出射する。
6B, the incident end face portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2, the light source 11 is provided in the vicinity of the incident end face portion 3, and the concave portion 8e (the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b) of the concave element 8 is provided. ) In the direction of the incident end face 3, and the reflective element 9 is provided with the reflective surface 9 a of the reflective element 9 facing the inclined curved surface 8 b of the concave element 8 so as to be paired with the concave element 8.
Similar to FIGS. 4B and 5B, the size of the incident end face portion 3 is smaller than the size of the light guide plate, and the incident end face portion 3 is provided at the corner of the light guide plate 2. When light enters the incident end face 3 from the light, the light from the light source 11 spreads from the incident end face 3 into the light guide plate 2.
For this purpose, the concave element 8 and the reflective element 9 are directed in the direction of the incident end face portion 3 in accordance with the light traveling state, and the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b and the reflective surface 9a or the reflective surface 9b of the reflective element 9 are formed. The concave portions 8e and the reflective elements 9 are distributed so that the pair is directed to the light source 11, and are totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6 by the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8, and the inclined curved surface 8a or the inclined curved surface of the concave element 8 are reflected. The light refracted and transmitted by 8b is totally reflected by the reflecting surface 9a or reflecting surface 9b of the pair of reflecting elements 9, and is emitted in the direction of the emitting surface portion 6.

このように、導光板2は、反射素子9を入射端面部3方向に存在する凹状素子8の入射端面部3方向の反対側の傾斜曲面8bに対応した位置に設けるので、入射端面部3方向からの光を凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bで透過屈折して来た光を全反射して出射面部6や反出射面部5に向けることができ、一度凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aによって出射面部6方向に全反射させ、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8bで透過屈折された光を再度反射素子9によって広がりを持って全反射をすることができ、無駄なく光を最大限に利用することができる。   Thus, the light guide plate 2 is provided with the reflecting element 9 at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface 8b on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion 3 direction of the concave element 8 existing in the incident end surface portion 3 direction. The light that has been transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface 8 b of the concave element 8 can be totally reflected and directed to the outgoing surface portion 6 and the counter outgoing surface portion 5, and once the outgoing curved surface portion 8 a of the concave element 8 exits the outgoing surface portion 6. The light totally reflected in the direction and transmitted and refracted by the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 can be totally reflected again by the reflecting element 9, and the light can be utilized to the maximum without waste.

尚、ここでは凹状素子8と一対になるように凹状素子8とペアーに反射素子9を設けたが、2つの凹状素子8をペアーとして設け、図6と同様に入射端面部3側の第1の凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aによって出射面部6方向に全反射させ、凹状素子8によって屈折し傾斜曲面8bから透過した光を再び第2の凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aによって出射面部6方向に全反射し、出射面部6方向に出射する。   Here, the reflective element 9 is provided in a pair with the concave element 8 so as to be paired with the concave element 8, but the two concave elements 8 are provided as a pair, and the first on the incident end face 3 side as in FIG. The light is totally reflected in the direction of the exit surface 6 by the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8, and the light refracted by the concave element 8 and transmitted from the inclined curved surface 8b is totally reflected in the direction of the outgoing surface 6 by the inclined curved surface 8a of the second concave element 8. Reflected and emitted in the direction of the emission surface portion 6.

出光素子10は、図示しないが、微細な凸形状や微細な凹形状の円弧状、楕円状、三角錐、四角錐、円錐、三角柱および四角柱等のドット形状からなる。出光素子10は、図1に示すように、反出射面部5に設けた凹状素子8や反射素子9によって出射面部6方向に全反射させた光を屈折して出射光を偏向させたり、臨界角αに達していない光を臨界角αを破って出射させる。   Although not shown, the light emitting element 10 has a dot shape such as a fine convex shape or a fine concave arc shape, an elliptical shape, a triangular pyramid, a quadrangular pyramid, a cone, a triangular prism, and a quadrangular prism. As shown in FIG. 1, the light output element 10 refracts the light totally reflected in the direction of the output surface 6 by the concave element 8 or the reflective element 9 provided on the counter-exit surface 5 and deflects the output light. Light that has not reached α is emitted by breaking the critical angle α.

光源11は、一体化された赤色発光(R)、緑色発光(G)、青色発光(B)から成る半導体発光素子や、これら半導体発光素子の単色発光半導体発光素子、単色発光半導体発光素子をアレー状にしたもの、R,G,Bの三原色をアレー状にしたものや青色発光半導体発光素子と蛍光材とを用いた擬似白色半導体発光素子、CCFL(冷陰極蛍光放電管)やHCFL(熱陰極蛍光放電管)からなる。   The light source 11 is an array of semiconductor light emitting elements composed of integrated red light emission (R), green light emission (G), and blue light emission (B), a single color light emitting semiconductor light emitting element of these semiconductor light emitting elements, and a single color light emitting semiconductor light emitting element. , One in which the three primary colors of R, G, and B are arrayed, a pseudo white semiconductor light emitting device using a blue light emitting semiconductor light emitting device and a fluorescent material, CCFL (cold cathode fluorescent discharge tube) and HCFL (hot cathode) Fluorescent discharge tube).

尚、ここでは図示しないが、導光板2の入射端面部3方向のみを開放し、光源11を包囲し、光源11から入射端面部3方向以外に出射した光を反射し、再度入射端面部3方向に光を進行させるリフレクタを設けても良い。このリフレクタは、熱可塑性樹脂に多沿えば酸化チタンのような白色材料を混入したシートや熱可塑性樹脂のシートにアルミニウム等の金属蒸着を施したり、金属箔を積層した物やシート状金属からなり、導光板2の入射端面部3の近傍に設けた光源11を包囲する。   Although not shown here, only the direction of the incident end face 3 of the light guide plate 2 is opened, the light source 11 is surrounded, the light emitted from the light source 11 in a direction other than the direction of the incident end face 3 is reflected, and the incident end face 3 again. You may provide the reflector which advances light to a direction. This reflector is made of a sheet metal or metal sheet such as aluminum deposited on a sheet mixed with a white material such as titanium oxide or a sheet of thermoplastic resin, or a metal foil laminated. The light source 11 provided in the vicinity of the incident end face 3 of the light guide plate 2 is surrounded.

また、リフレクタの反射面を凹凸形状またはプリズム形状を成し、リフレクタでの反射光を散乱光にして、例えばCCFLやHCFL等の光源11の電極付近での輝度低下部分を補正するようにして均一な反射光にする。   Further, the reflecting surface of the reflector is formed into an uneven shape or a prism shape, and the reflected light from the reflector is made to be scattered light, so that, for example, a luminance reduction portion near the electrode of the light source 11 such as CCFL or HCFL is corrected. Make the light reflected.

反射体またはケース12は、熱可塑性樹脂に例えば酸化チタンのような白色材料を混入した物や熱可塑性樹脂にアルミニウム等の金属蒸着を施したり、金属箔を積層した物からなる。
光源11や入射端面部3および出射面部6以外を覆い、光源11や出射面部6に出射した以外の漏れ光等の光を反射などし、再び導光板2に入射させる。
The reflector or case 12 is made of a material in which a white material such as titanium oxide is mixed in a thermoplastic resin, or a material in which metal such as aluminum is deposited on a thermoplastic resin or a metal foil is laminated.
The light other than the light source 11, the incident end face part 3, and the outgoing face part 6 is covered, and light such as leaked light other than that emitted to the light source 11 and the outgoing face part 6 is reflected and incident again on the light guide plate 2.

このように、導光板2の出射面部6や反出射面部5に投射した形状が鼓形形状を有して鼓形形状の凹部分8eが任意の曲率半径rで欠切するとともに傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bを有し、鼓形形状の両端の直線部分8dが互いに球曲面8cで接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子8を用いて、凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aや傾斜曲面8bの何れか1つを入射端面部3方向に向けて設けたり、さらに凹状の反射素子9を入射端面部3以外の端辺部の付近や入射端面部3方向に存在する凹状素子8の入射端面部3方向の反対側の傾斜曲面8bに対応した位置に設けて入射端面部3から導かれる光を凹状素子8の傾斜曲面8aで全反射や傾斜曲面8bで屈折をし、さらにこの凹状素子8を透過した光を凹状の反射素子9によって出射面部6方向に偏向することによって無駄なく光を最大限に利用し指向性の光でも光を広げて均一で斑の無い明るい出射光を得ることのできる導光板2と、この導光板2を用いた平面照明装置1を提供することができる。   In this way, the shape projected on the exit surface portion 6 and the opposite exit surface portion 5 of the light guide plate 2 has an hourglass shape, and the hourglass-shaped concave portion 8e is notched with an arbitrary curvature radius r, and the inclined curved surface 8a or Using an arch-shaped concave element 8 having an inclined curved surface 8b and linear portions 8d at both ends of the hourglass shape being connected to each other by a spherical curved surface 8c, the inclined curved surface 8a and the inclined curved surface 8b of the concave element 8 are formed. Either one is provided in the direction of the incident end face 3, and the concave reflecting element 9 is provided near the end side other than the incident end face 3 or the incident end face of the concave element 8 existing in the direction of the incident end 3. Provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface 8b opposite to the three directions, the light guided from the incident end face portion 3 is totally reflected by the inclined curved surface 8a of the concave element 8 or refracted by the inclined curved surface 8b. The transmitted light is directed toward the exit surface 6 by the concave reflecting element 9. A light guide plate 2 that makes it possible to obtain light that is uniform and free of bright spots by using light to the maximum extent without any waste by deflecting, and a flat illumination device using the light guide plate 2 1 can be provided.

小型なモバイル製品のバックライトから大型のバックライトまであらゆる大きさに適し、平面照明装置からの最終出射光の光が広がりを持っているために広い視野角を得ることができるので、野外やカーナビ等のモバイル液晶装置から大型の液晶テレビ等に利用することができる導光板および平面照明装置ならびに液晶表示装置を提供することができる。   Suitable for all sizes from small mobile product backlights to large backlights, and because the light of the final emitted light from the flat lighting device has a wide spread, it can obtain a wide viewing angle, so it can be used outdoors or in car navigation systems. It is possible to provide a light guide plate, a flat illumination device, and a liquid crystal display device that can be used from a mobile liquid crystal device such as a large liquid crystal television.

本発明に係る平面照明装置の略斜視図である。1 is a schematic perspective view of a flat illumination device according to the present invention. (a),(b)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた形状の略斜視図である。(A), (b) It is a schematic perspective view of the shape provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. (a),(b)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた形状の投射図および側面図である。(A), (b) It is the projection figure and side view of the shape which were provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. (a),(b)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた凹状素子の略分布図である。(A), (b) It is a schematic distribution map of the concave element provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. (a),(b)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた凹状素子および反射素子の略分布図である。(A), (b) It is a schematic distribution map of the concave element and reflective element which were provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. (a),(b)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた凹状素子および反射素子の略分布図である。(A), (b) It is a schematic distribution map of the concave element and reflective element which were provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る凹状素子の光の軌跡図である。It is a locus diagram of light of the concave element according to the present invention. 本発明に係る凹状素子の光の軌跡図である。It is a locus diagram of light of the concave element according to the present invention. (a)〜(e)本発明に係る導光板上に設けた反射素子の略図である。(A)-(e) It is the schematic of the reflective element provided on the light-guide plate which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る凹状素子と反射素子との光の軌跡図である。It is a locus diagram of the light of the concave element and reflective element which concern on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 平面照明装置
2 導光板
3 入射端面部
4 反入射端面部
5 反出射面部
6 出射面部
7 側面部
8 凹状素子
8a,8b 傾斜曲面
8c 球曲面
8d 両端直線部分
8e 凹部分
9 反射素子
9a,9b 反射面
9d 平面部
10 出光素子
11 光源
12 反射体またはケース
19 空間
19a 三角柱凹形状
19b 台形柱凹形状
19c 三角錐凹形状
19d 四角錐凹形状
19e 円錐凹形状
r 曲率半径
γ 屈折角
n 屈折率
α 臨界角
L,L0,L01,Lr 光線
Lr0,Ls0,Lrr 光線
Lr0r,Lr0r0 光線
Lrr0,L0t,L01t 光線
L2t0,L3t0 光線
Lst,Lt,Lti 光線
Lsti,Lt1 光線
Ltt,L0i 光線
L00,L01,L1 光線
L2,L3,L1t 光線
L2t,L3t 光線
L1tr,L2tr 光線
L3tr,L1t0 光線
L2t0,L3t0 光線
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Planar illumination apparatus 2 Light-guide plate 3 Incident end surface part 4 Anti-incident end surface part 5 Anti-emission surface part 6 Outgoing surface part 7 Side surface part 8 Concave element 8a, 8b Inclined curved surface 8c Spherical curved surface 8d Both-ends linear part 8e Concave part 9 Reflecting element 9a, 9b Reflective surface 9d Plane portion 10 Light emitting element 11 Light source 12 Reflector or case 19 Space 19a Triangular prism concave shape 19b Trapezoidal column concave shape 19c Triangular pyramid concave shape 19d Quadrangular pyramid concave shape 19e Conical concave shape r Curvature radius γ Refraction angle n Refractive index α Critical angles L, L0, L01, Lr rays Lr0, Ls0, Lrr rays Lr0r, Lr0r0 rays Lrr0, L0t, L01t rays L2t0, L3t0 rays Lst, Lt, Lti rays Lsti, Lt1 L rays Ltt Lt L0 L2, L3, L1t rays L2t, L3t rays L1tr, L 2tr rays L3tr, L1t0 rays L2t0, L3t0 rays

Claims (9)

光を導く入射端面部と、前記入射端面部からの入射光を出射する出射面部と、当該出射面部の反対側に位置する反出射面部と、これら前記出射面部と前記反出射面部とに交わる側面部とを有する導光板において、
投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、前記鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、前記鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を前記出射面部または/および前記反出射面部に設けたことを特徴とする導光板。
An incident end face part that guides light, an exit face part that emits incident light from the incident end face part, a counter-exit face part located on the opposite side of the exit face part, and a side surface that intersects the exit face part and the counter exit face part In a light guide plate having a portion,
The projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is cut off at an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and the linear portions at both ends of the hourglass shape are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface. An arch-shaped concave element is provided on the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion.
前記凹状素子は、何れか1つの前記傾斜曲面を前記入射端面部方向に向けて配置することを特徴とする請求項1記載の導光板。 The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein the concave element has one of the inclined curved surfaces arranged in the direction of the incident end face. 前記出射面部または/および前記反出射面部の前記入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に前記入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子をさらに具備したことを特徴とする請求項1記載の導光板。 2. The guide according to claim 1, further comprising a concave reflecting element that reflects in the direction of the incident end face near the end face other than the incident end face of the exit face or / and the opposite exit face. Light board. 前記反射素子は、前記入射端面部方向に存在する前記凹状素子の前記入射端面部方向の反対側の前記傾斜曲面に対応した位置に設けることを特徴とする請求項3記載の導光板。 The light guide plate according to claim 3, wherein the reflection element is provided at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction. 前記反射素子は、少なくとも1つの前記反射面を有し、三角柱凹形状、台形柱凹形状、三角錐凹形状、四角錐凹形状、円錐凹形状の何れかからなることを特徴とする請求項3または4記載の導光板。 The said reflective element has at least one said reflective surface, and consists of triangular prism concave shape, trapezoidal column concave shape, triangular pyramid concave shape, quadrangular pyramid concave shape, or conical concave shape. Or the light-guide plate of 4. 光源と、
該光源からの光を導く入射端面部と、前記入射端面部からの入射光を出射する出射面部と、当該出射面部の反対側に位置する反出射面部と、これら前記出射面部と前記反出射面部とに交わる側面部とを有し、投射した形状が鼓形形状を有し、前記鼓形形状の凹部分が任意の曲率半径で欠切するとともに傾斜曲面を有し、前記鼓形形状の両端の直線部分が互いに球曲面で接続されているアーチ状形状をした凹状素子を前記出射面部または/および前記反出射面部に設けた導光板とを少なくとも具備したことを特徴とする平面照明装置。
A light source;
An incident end face part that guides light from the light source, an exit face part that emits incident light from the incident end face part, a counter-exit face part located on the opposite side of the exit face part, the exit face part, and the counter-exit face part And the projected shape has an hourglass shape, the concave portion of the hourglass shape is notched at an arbitrary radius of curvature and has an inclined curved surface, and both ends of the hourglass shape A flat illuminating device comprising at least a light guide plate provided with an arch-shaped concave element in which the straight portions are connected to each other by a spherical curved surface on the emission surface portion and / or the non-light emission surface portion.
前記導光板は、前記出射面部または/および前記反出射面部の前記入射端面部以外の端辺部の付近に前記入射端面部方向に反射する凹状の反射素子を設けたことを特徴とする請求項6記載の平面照明装置。 2. The light guide plate according to claim 1, wherein a concave reflection element that reflects in the direction of the incident end surface portion is provided in the vicinity of an end side portion other than the incident end surface portion of the exit surface portion and / or the opposite exit surface portion. 6. The flat illumination device according to 6. 前記導光板は、前記入射端面部方向に存在する前記凹状素子の前記入射端面部方向の反対側の前記傾斜曲面に対応した位置に反射素子を設けることを特徴とする請求項6記載の平面照明装置。 7. The planar illumination according to claim 6, wherein the light guide plate is provided with a reflective element at a position corresponding to the inclined curved surface on the opposite side of the incident end surface portion direction of the concave element existing in the incident end surface portion direction. apparatus. 前記導光板は、前記凹状素子の何れか1つの前記傾斜曲面を前記光源方向に向けて配置することを特徴とする請求項6〜8の何れかに記載の平面照明装置。 9. The flat illumination device according to claim 6, wherein the light guide plate is arranged such that any one of the inclined curved surfaces of the concave elements faces the light source direction.
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