JP2008018434A - Caulking punch and caulking device having the same - Google Patents

Caulking punch and caulking device having the same Download PDF

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JP2008018434A
JP2008018434A JP2006190207A JP2006190207A JP2008018434A JP 2008018434 A JP2008018434 A JP 2008018434A JP 2006190207 A JP2006190207 A JP 2006190207A JP 2006190207 A JP2006190207 A JP 2006190207A JP 2008018434 A JP2008018434 A JP 2008018434A
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caulking punch
caulking
punch
peripheral edge
outer peripheral
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JP2006190207A
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Japanese (ja)
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Takahiro Oshima
貴博 大島
Shiro Ezaki
史朗 江崎
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Tokai Rika Co Ltd
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Tokai Rika Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2006190207A priority Critical patent/JP2008018434A/en
Priority to CNA2007101278688A priority patent/CN101104186A/en
Publication of JP2008018434A publication Critical patent/JP2008018434A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a caulking punch which can reduce its fatigue damage caused by the repeated use, and can elongate its life. <P>SOLUTION: A plate material having a projecting portion and a plate material having a through-hole, which has nearly the same size as that of the projecting portion and can receive the projecting portion therein, are laid so as to overlap each other by inserting the projecting portion into the through-hole. The caulking punch 1 applies a pressing force on the projecting portion while bringing its tip end surface 10 into contact with the projecting portion so as to join both plate materials by plastically deforming the projecting portion to become larger than the inside diameter of the through-hole. A plurality of projecting portions 11 have ridges on their tip end surfaces 10 so as to elongate from the center of the tip end surface 10 to the outer peripheral edge in the radial direction. Valley portions 12 are formed between the projecting portions 11 in the radial direction so as to elongate from the center of the tip end surface 10 to the outer peripheral edge. The ridges of the projecting portions 11 perpendicularly cross the axis of the caulking punch 1 and are located on an imaginary plane including the center of the tip end surface 10. The bottom portions of the valley portions 12 are formed so as to separate from the imaginary plane toward the body of the caulking punch 1 with the distance from the center toward the outer peripheral edge. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、複数の部材をかしめるかしめパンチの形状に関する。   The present invention relates to a shape of a caulking punch for caulking a plurality of members.

従来、板材と板材とを固定する方法としてかしめ鋲を用いたかしめが知られている。すなわち、両方の板材に設けた貫通孔を重ね合わせ、これらの貫通孔にかしめ鋲の脚部を挿入し、脚部の先端部をパンチによって圧潰することによって板材同士を固定していた（例えば、特許文献１参照）。ところが、かしめ鋲を用いるかしめ方法においては、重ね合わせた板材の貫通孔にかしめ鋲を挿入する作業が煩わしかった。   Conventionally, caulking using a caulking scissors is known as a method of fixing a plate material and a plate material. In other words, the through holes provided in both plate materials were overlapped, the leg portions of the caulking rods were inserted into these through holes, and the plate members were fixed by crushing the tip portions of the leg portions with a punch (for example, Patent Document 1). However, in the caulking method using the caulking rod, the operation of inserting the caulking rod into the through holes of the stacked plate members is troublesome.

そこで、図１１（ａ）に示されるように、一方の板材３に貫通孔３１を設け、他方の板材４に貫通孔３１の内径と、略一致する大きさの外径を有する突出部４１を設け、この突出部４１をかしめ鋲の代わりとすることによってこれら板材３，４同士を固定するかしめ方法が行われている。すなわち、貫通孔３１に突出部４１を挿入し、これらの板材３，４を挟むように突出部４１を設けた板材４側から受けパンチ２を突出部４１の内側及びその周辺に当接させ、貫通孔３１を設けた板材３側からかしめパンチ１を突出部４１に当接させる。そして、かしめパンチ１によって突出部４１を圧潰すると、図１１（ｂ）に示されるように、突出部４１の一部が外側に押し出され、突出部４１の外径は、図１２（ａ）に示されるかしめ前の外径ｄａから図１２（ｂ）に示される貫通孔３１の内径Ｄよりも大きい外径ｄｂへ拡径される。その結果、突出部４１の全周に亘って外側にはみ出すように形成されたフランジ状の凸部４２が板材３の貫通孔３１の周縁部に係合されることによって突出部４１が貫通孔３１に固定される。これにより、突出部４１が設けられた板材４を貫通孔３１が設けられた板材３に固定することができる。
特開平８−２９０２２９号公報 Therefore, as shown in FIG. 11A, a through hole 31 is provided in one plate member 3, and a protruding portion 41 having an outer diameter that approximately matches the inner diameter of the through hole 31 in the other plate member 4. A caulking method is provided in which the plate members 3 and 4 are fixed to each other by providing the protruding portion 41 instead of the caulking rod. That is, the protrusion 41 is inserted into the through-hole 31, and the receiving punch 2 is brought into contact with the inside and the periphery of the protrusion 41 from the side of the plate member 4 provided with the protrusion 41 so as to sandwich these plate members 3 and 4. The caulking punch 1 is brought into contact with the protruding portion 41 from the side of the plate member 3 provided with the through hole 31. Then, when the protrusion 41 is crushed by the caulking punch 1, as shown in FIG. 11B, a part of the protrusion 41 is pushed outward, and the outer diameter of the protrusion 41 is as shown in FIG. The outer diameter da before caulking is expanded to an outer diameter db larger than the inner diameter D of the through hole 31 shown in FIG. As a result, the flange-like convex part 42 formed so as to protrude outward over the entire circumference of the protruding part 41 is engaged with the peripheral part of the through-hole 31 of the plate member 3, thereby causing the protruding part 41 to pass through the through-hole 31. Fixed to. Thereby, the board | plate material 4 in which the protrusion part 41 was provided can be fixed to the board | plate material 3 in which the through-hole 31 was provided.
JP-A-8-290229

かしめの強度は、突出部４１が変形して貫通孔３１の周縁に重なる部位の寸法に影響される。このため、突出部４１の外径ｄｂが貫通孔３１の内径Ｄよりも十分に拡径されなければ、これら板材３，４同士の固定が不十分となるおそれがある。突出部４１の変形量を確保するためには、かしめパンチ１が突出部４１に与える荷重を充分に確保する必要がある。しかしながら、突出部４１に与える荷重を増大させるほど、繰り返しの使用による疲労等に起因して、かしめパンチ１の寿命が短くなるため、この点で改善の余地を残すものとなっていた。   The caulking strength is affected by the size of the portion where the protrusion 41 is deformed and overlaps the periphery of the through hole 31. For this reason, if the outer diameter db of the protrusion 41 is not sufficiently increased in diameter than the inner diameter D of the through-hole 31, there is a possibility that the fixing of the plate materials 3 and 4 may be insufficient. In order to ensure the deformation amount of the protrusion 41, it is necessary to ensure a sufficient load applied by the caulking punch 1 to the protrusion 41. However, as the load applied to the protrusion 41 is increased, the life of the caulking punch 1 is shortened due to fatigue caused by repeated use, and therefore there remains room for improvement in this respect.

この発明は、こうした実情に鑑みてなされたものであり、その目的は、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られるかしめパンチを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a caulking punch in which fatigue and the like due to repeated use are reduced and a long life is achieved.

以下、上記目的を達成するための手段及びその作用効果について説明する。
請求項１に記載の発明は、突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、前記先端面には、前記かしめパンチの中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面上に位置し、又は外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側に離間し、前記先端面の中心から外周縁に亘って延びる稜線を有する複数の山部が放射状に形成され、これら山部の間には、前記外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間し、前記先端面の中心から前記外周縁に亘って延びる谷部が放射状に形成されてなることをその要旨としている。 Hereinafter, means for achieving the above-described object and its operation and effects will be described.
According to the first aspect of the present invention, a member provided with a protrusion and a member provided with a through hole into which the protrusion is inserted and having the same size as the protrusion are inserted into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the front end surface abuts against the protruding portion in order to join both members by superposing and plastically deforming the protruding portion so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, The tip surface is positioned on a virtual surface that is orthogonal to the center axis of the crimping punch and includes the center of the tip surface, or is closer to the main body side of the crimping punch from the virtual surface as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. A plurality of crests having ridge lines extending from the center of the tip end surface to the outer peripheral edge are formed radially, and between these crests, the caulking punch is closer to the main body side from the virtual surface as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. Of the tip surface And as its gist that the valleys extending sincerely over the outer peripheral edge is formed radially.

同構成によれば、かしめパンチが突出部を押圧する際、先端面に形成された山部によって先端面に形成された谷部に押し出され、さらに同谷部に沿って外側へ押し出されるので、突出部は外側に変形し易くなる。よって、変形効率がよくなった分だけ突出部に与える荷重を軽減させることができ、突出部を好適に圧潰することができる。その結果、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られる。   According to the same configuration, when the caulking punch presses the protruding portion, it is pushed out to the trough formed on the tip surface by the crest formed on the tip surface, and further pushed outward along the trough portion. The protrusion is easily deformed outward. Therefore, the load applied to the protrusion can be reduced by the amount that the deformation efficiency is improved, and the protrusion can be suitably crushed. As a result, fatigue and the like due to repeated use are reduced, and a long life is achieved.

請求項２に記載の発明は、請求項１に記載のかしめパンチにおいて、前記複数の山部及び谷部は、等間隔に形成されてなることをその要旨としている。
同構成によれば、突出部に対して均等に押圧することができるようになり、突出部を更に好適に圧潰することができる。 The gist of the invention described in claim 2 is that, in the caulking punch according to claim 1, the plurality of crests and troughs are formed at equal intervals.
According to this configuration, it becomes possible to press evenly against the protruding portion, and the protruding portion can be more suitably crushed.

請求項３に記載の発明は、突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、前記先端面は、外周縁に近づくほど、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間するように形成されてなることをその要旨としている。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, a member provided with a protruding portion and a member provided with a through hole into which the protruding portion is inserted are inserted into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the front end surface abuts against the protruding portion in order to join both members by superposing and plastically deforming the protruding portion so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, The tip surface is formed so as to be closer to the outer peripheral edge and perpendicular to the center axis of the tip surface and away from the virtual surface including the center of the tip surface toward the main body side of the caulking punch. It is a summary.

同構成によれば、かしめパンチが突出部を押圧する際、先端面に沿って外側へ押し出されるので、突出部は外側に変形し易くなる。よって、変形効率がよくなった分だけ突出部に与える荷重を軽減させることができ、突出部を好適に圧潰することができる。その結果、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られる。   According to this configuration, when the caulking punch presses the protruding portion, the protruding portion is pushed outward along the tip surface, so that the protruding portion is easily deformed outward. Therefore, the load applied to the protrusion can be reduced by the amount that the deformation efficiency is improved, and the protrusion can be suitably crushed. As a result, fatigue and the like due to repeated use are reduced, and a long life is achieved.

例えば、請求項４に記載の発明によるように、前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを直線で繋いだ形状を採用することができる。或いは、請求項５の記載の発明によるように、前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを曲線で繋いだ前記中心を凸とする形状を採用することもできる。又は、請求項６に記載の発明によるように、前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを複数の直線で繋ぎ、同複数の直線は前記外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面に対する角度が大きくなる形状を採用することができる。   For example, according to the invention described in claim 4, the cross section passing through the central axis of the caulking punch at the tip portion forming the tip surface has a shape in which the center of the tip surface and the outer peripheral edge are connected by a straight line. Can be adopted. Alternatively, according to the invention described in claim 5, the cross-section passing through the center axis of the caulking punch at the tip portion forming the tip surface is the center where the center of the tip surface and the outer peripheral edge are connected by a curve. It is also possible to adopt a shape that is convex. Or, according to the invention of claim 6, the cross-section passing through the central axis of the caulking punch at the tip portion forming the tip surface connects the center of the tip surface and the outer peripheral edge with a plurality of straight lines, The plurality of straight lines can adopt a shape in which the angle with respect to the virtual surface increases as the outer peripheral edge is approached.

請求項７に記載の発明は、突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、前記先端面の外周縁近傍は、前記外周縁に近づくほど、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間するように形成され、前記先端面の前記外周縁近傍より内側は、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面上に位置するように形成されてなることをその要旨としている。   According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, a member provided with a protruding portion and a member provided with a through hole into which the protruding portion is inserted and having the same size as the protruding portion are inserted into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the front end surface abuts against the protruding portion in order to join both members by superposing and plastically deforming the protruding portion so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole, The vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the tip surface is formed so as to be perpendicular to the central axis of the tip surface and to be separated from the virtual surface including the center of the tip surface toward the main body side of the caulking punch as the outer peripheral edge is approached. The gist of the invention is that the inside of the tip surface near the outer peripheral edge is formed so as to be perpendicular to the center axis of the tip surface and on a virtual surface including the center of the tip surface.

同構成によれば、かしめパンチが突出部を押圧する際、まず突出部の外周縁近傍より内側が外周縁近傍に押し出され、更に先端面のうち外周縁近傍に沿って外側へ押し出されるので、突出部は外側に変形し易くなる。よって、変形効率がよくなった分だけ突出部に与える荷重を軽減させることができ、突出部を好適に圧潰することができる。その結果、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られる。   According to the same configuration, when the caulking punch presses the protruding portion, first, the inner side is pushed out from the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the protruding portion to the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge, and further, it is pushed out along the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the tip surface. The protrusion is easily deformed outward. Therefore, the load applied to the protrusion can be reduced by the amount that the deformation efficiency is improved, and the protrusion can be suitably crushed. As a result, fatigue and the like due to repeated use are reduced, and a long life is achieved.

請求項８に記載の発明は、請求項１〜７のいずれか一項に記載のかしめパンチと、前記かしめパンチと共に前記突出部を挟み、前記突出部を支持する受けパンチとを備え、前記かしめパンチを前記突出部に押圧することによって、前記突出部を圧潰するかしめ装置であることをその要旨としている。   The invention according to claim 8 is provided with the caulking punch according to any one of claims 1 to 7, and a receiving punch that sandwiches the protrusion together with the caulking punch and supports the protrusion. The gist of the invention is that it is a caulking device that crushes the protrusion by pressing a punch against the protrusion.

同構成によれば、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られるため、かしめパンチの交換等に費やす時間を減少させ、稼働率の高いかしめ装置となる。   According to this configuration, fatigue and the like due to repeated use are reduced and the life is extended, so that the time spent for replacing the caulking punch is reduced and the caulking device has a high operating rate.

本発明によれば、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、長寿命化が図られるかしめパンチを提供することができる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a caulking punch that can reduce fatigue and the like due to repeated use and can have a long life.

以下、本発明にかかるかしめパンチをかしめ装置に具体化した一実施形態について図１（ａ）〜（ｃ）及び図２（ａ），（ｂ）を参照して説明する。
図１（ａ）は、かしめ装置の概略図である。図１（ｂ）は、かしめ装置の断面図である。図１（ｃ）は、かしめによる板材の変形を示す図である。図２（ａ）は、かしめパンチの下面図である。図２（ｂ）は、かしめパンチの断面図である。 Hereinafter, an embodiment in which a caulking punch according to the present invention is embodied in a caulking device will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 (a) to 1 (c) and FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b).
FIG. 1A is a schematic view of a caulking device. FIG. 1B is a cross-sectional view of the caulking device. FIG.1 (c) is a figure which shows the deformation | transformation of the board | plate material by caulking. FIG. 2A is a bottom view of the caulking punch. FIG. 2B is a sectional view of the caulking punch.

同図１（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるかしめ装置は、金属製の二つの板材３，４をかしめるものである。第一の板材３には、貫通孔３１が形成される。第二の板材４には、貫通孔３１の内径と略一致する外径を有し、下部が開口した円筒状の突出部４１が一体形成される。第一の板材３の貫通孔３１に第二の板材４の突出部４１を挿入してこれら板材３，４を重ねたとき、突出部４１の先端部が、第一の板材３の表面から突出するように、第二の板材４の表面からの突出部４１の高さが設定されている。かしめ装置には、円柱状のかしめパンチ１と円柱状の受けパンチ２とが同軸上になるように備えられる。受けパンチ２の先端の外径は、突出部４１の内径と略一致しており、突出部４１の内側に嵌脱できるようになっている。受けパンチ２は、図示しない支持台と共に、二つの板材３，４を支持する。   The caulking device shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B caulks two metal plates 3 and 4. A through hole 31 is formed in the first plate 3. The second plate member 4 is integrally formed with a cylindrical projecting portion 41 having an outer diameter substantially coincident with the inner diameter of the through hole 31 and having a lower opening. When the protruding portion 41 of the second plate member 4 is inserted into the through hole 31 of the first plate member 3 and these plate members 3 and 4 are stacked, the tip end portion of the protruding portion 41 protrudes from the surface of the first plate member 3. Thus, the height of the protrusion 41 from the surface of the second plate 4 is set. In the caulking device, a cylindrical caulking punch 1 and a cylindrical receiving punch 2 are provided so as to be coaxial. The outer diameter of the tip of the receiving punch 2 is substantially the same as the inner diameter of the protruding portion 41, and can be fitted and removed inside the protruding portion 41. The receiving punch 2 supports the two plate members 3 and 4 together with a support base (not shown).

また、かしめパンチ１は、図示しないアクチュエータの駆動により上下動可能に設けられている。かしめパンチ１の外径は、突出部４１の外径より若干大きくなっている。かしめパンチ１の先端面１０には、図２（ａ）に示されるように、中心から外周縁に稜線が延びる八つの山部１１が放射状に等間隔で形成され、これら隣り合う山部１１の間には中心から外周縁に延びる谷部１２が形成されている。すなわち、隣り合う山部１１の稜線と谷部１２の底部とのなす角度θ１は、２２．５°である。図２（ｂ）に示されるように、山部１１の稜線は、破線で示されるかしめパンチ１の中心軸に直交し、且つ先端面１０の中心を含む仮想面上に位置している。また、谷部１２の底部は、先端面１０の外周縁に近づくほどかしめパンチ１の本体側に前記仮想面から離間するように傾斜する直線状に形成されている。そして、かしめパンチ１の軸断面において、同一断面上の谷部１２の底部同士がなす角度θ２は、１５０°である。山部１１の稜線と谷部１２の底部との間は、平面状に形成されている。   The caulking punch 1 is provided so as to move up and down by driving an actuator (not shown). The outer diameter of the caulking punch 1 is slightly larger than the outer diameter of the protruding portion 41. As shown in FIG. 2A, eight crests 11 whose ridgelines extend from the center to the outer peripheral edge are formed radially at equal intervals on the tip surface 10 of the caulking punch 1, and the adjacent crests 11 A trough 12 extending from the center to the outer peripheral edge is formed between them. That is, the angle θ1 formed between the ridge line of the adjacent peak portions 11 and the bottom portion of the valley portion 12 is 22.5 °. As shown in FIG. 2B, the ridge line of the peak portion 11 is located on a virtual plane that is orthogonal to the central axis of the caulking punch 1 indicated by a broken line and includes the center of the tip surface 10. Further, the bottom portion of the valley portion 12 is formed in a linear shape that is inclined toward the main body side of the caulking punch 1 so as to be separated from the virtual surface as it approaches the outer peripheral edge of the tip surface 10. In the axial cross section of the caulking punch 1, the angle θ2 formed by the bottoms of the valleys 12 on the same cross section is 150 °. A space between the ridge line of the mountain portion 11 and the bottom portion of the valley portion 12 is formed in a planar shape.

次に、第一の板材３と第二の板材４とのかしめ方法について説明する。
まず、第一の板材３の貫通孔３１に第二の板材４の突出部４１を挿入して重ね、板材３，４同士の位置を調節する。二つの板材３，４を重ねた状態で、受けパンチ２の先端に突出部４１の内部が嵌合するように図示しない支持台に載せる。そして、図示しないアクチュエータによってかしめパンチ１を下方に変位させて、突出部４１を下方へ押圧する。すると、図１（ｃ）に示されるように、突出部４１の先端部が、先端面１０に形成された山部１１によって谷部１２に押し出され、さらに同谷部１２に沿って貫通孔３１の外側へ押し出される。その結果、図３に示されるように、突出部４１には、かしめパンチ１の先端面１０の山部１１が押圧されたことによって八つの凹部４３が形成される。また、図１（ｃ）に併せて図示されるように、突出部４１の先端部が、その全周に亘って外側にはみ出すように変形することにより、フランジ状の凸部４２が第一の板材３の貫通孔３１の周縁部に密接した状態で形成される。そして、このフランジ状に形成された凸部４２が第一の板材３の貫通孔３１の周縁部に係合することにより、突出部４１が貫通孔３１に固定され、突出部４１が設けられた第二の板材４を貫通孔３１が設けられた第一の板材３に固定することができる。 Next, a method for caulking the first plate 3 and the second plate 4 will be described.
First, the protruding portion 41 of the second plate 4 is inserted and overlapped in the through hole 31 of the first plate 3, and the positions of the plates 3 and 4 are adjusted. In a state where the two plate members 3 and 4 are overlapped, they are placed on a support base (not shown) so that the inside of the protrusion 41 is fitted to the tip of the receiving punch 2. Then, the caulking punch 1 is displaced downward by an actuator (not shown) to press the protruding portion 41 downward. Then, as shown in FIG. 1C, the distal end portion of the protruding portion 41 is pushed out to the valley portion 12 by the ridge portion 11 formed on the distal end surface 10, and further, the through hole 31 along the valley portion 12. Extruded outside. As a result, as shown in FIG. 3, eight concave portions 43 are formed in the projecting portion 41 when the peak portion 11 of the tip surface 10 of the caulking punch 1 is pressed. Further, as shown in FIG. 1C, the front end of the protrusion 41 is deformed so as to protrude outward over the entire circumference thereof, so that the flange-like convex portion 42 becomes the first. It is formed in a state of being in close contact with the peripheral edge of the through hole 31 of the plate material 3. And the protrusion part 41 was fixed to the through-hole 31, and the protrusion part 41 was provided by the convex part 42 formed in this flange shape engaging the peripheral part of the through-hole 31 of the 1st board | plate material 3. FIG. The second plate 4 can be fixed to the first plate 3 provided with the through holes 31.

以上、説明した実施形態によれば、以下の作用効果を奏することができる。
（１）かしめパンチ１が突出部４１を押圧する際、先端面１０に形成された山部１１が突出部４１の先端部に好適に当接することによって先端面１０に形成された谷部１２に押し出され、さらに谷部１２に沿って外側へ押し出されるので、突出部４１は外側に変形し易くなる。よって、変形効率がよくなった分だけ突出部４１に与える荷重を軽減させることができ、しかも、突出部４１を好適に圧潰することができる。その結果、繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、かしめパンチ１の長寿命化が図られる。 As described above, according to the embodiment described above, the following effects can be obtained.
(1) When the caulking punch 1 presses the protruding portion 41, the peak portion 11 formed on the leading end surface 10 is suitably brought into contact with the leading end portion of the protruding portion 41, thereby causing the trough portion 12 formed on the leading end surface 10 to Since it is extruded and further pushed outward along the valley portion 12, the protruding portion 41 is easily deformed outward. Therefore, the load applied to the protrusion 41 can be reduced by the amount of improved deformation efficiency, and the protrusion 41 can be suitably crushed. As a result, fatigue or the like due to repeated use is reduced, and the life of the caulking punch 1 is extended.

（２）山部１１及び谷部１２が等間隔で先端面１０に形成されることにより、突出部４１に対して均等に押圧することができるようになり、突出部４１を更に好適に圧潰することができる。   (2) Since the peak portion 11 and the valley portion 12 are formed on the distal end surface 10 at equal intervals, the protrusion portion 41 can be pressed evenly, and the protrusion portion 41 is more suitably crushed. be able to.

（３）繰り返し使用による疲労等が軽減され、かしめパンチ１の長寿命化が図られるため、かしめパンチ１を頻繁に交換する必要がない。このため、かしめパンチ１の交換等に費やす時間を減少させ、かしめ装置の稼働率が高められる。   (3) Since fatigue due to repeated use is reduced and the life of the caulking punch 1 is extended, it is not necessary to frequently replace the caulking punch 1. For this reason, the time spent for exchanging the caulking punch 1 is reduced, and the operating rate of the caulking device is increased.

なお、上記実施形態は、これを適宜変更した以下の形態にて実施することができる。
・上記実施形態では、かしめパンチ１の先端面１０に、隣り合う山部１１の稜線と谷部１２の底部とのなす角度θ１が２２．５°となるように各々八つ形成したが、八つに限らず各々三つ以上の山部１１と谷部１２とを等間隔に形成するようにしてもよい。 In addition, the said embodiment can be implemented with the following forms which changed this suitably.
In the above embodiment, eight are formed on the tip surface 10 of the caulking punch 1 so that the angle θ1 formed between the ridge line of the adjacent peak portion 11 and the bottom portion of the valley portion 12 is 22.5 °. You may make it form not only one but three or more peak parts 11 and trough parts 12 at equal intervals, respectively.

・上記実施形態では、かしめパンチ１の軸断面において、同一断面上の谷部１２の底部同士がなす角度θ２を１５０°となるように形成したが、１２０〜１７０°の間で形成するようにしてもよい。ここで、１２０°以下とすると突出部４１に先端面１０を当接したときの突出部４１に対する先端面１０接触面積が小さ過ぎるため、突出部４１が外側に押し出されにくくなり、突出部４１に与える荷重が増加することとなる。また、１７０°以上とすると突出部４１に対する先端面１０が略平行になってしまうため、突出部４１が外側に押し出されにくくなり、突出部４１に与える荷重が増加することとなる。   In the above embodiment, in the axial cross section of the caulking punch 1, the angle θ2 formed by the bottoms of the valleys 12 on the same cross section is 150 °, but it is formed between 120 ° and 170 °. May be. Here, if the angle is 120 ° or less, the contact surface area of the tip surface 10 with respect to the protrusion 41 when the tip surface 10 abuts on the protrusion 41 is too small. The applied load will increase. Moreover, since it will become substantially parallel to the front-end | tip surface 10 with respect to the protrusion part 41 when it is 170 degrees or more, it will become difficult to push the protrusion part 41 outside, and the load given to the protrusion part 41 will increase.

・上記実施形態では、先端面１０に形成された山部１１を前記仮想面上に位置するように形成したが、山部１１の稜線を同軸断面上の谷部１２の底部同士がなす角度θ２よりも同軸断面上の山部１１の稜線同士がなす角度のほうが大きく、１８０°までの範囲になるように形成してもよい。   In the above embodiment, the peak portion 11 formed on the tip surface 10 is formed so as to be positioned on the virtual plane, but the angle θ2 formed by the bottom portions of the valley portions 12 on the coaxial cross section of the ridge line of the peak portion 11 is formed. Instead, the angle formed by the ridgelines of the peaks 11 on the coaxial cross section may be larger and may be formed in a range of up to 180 °.

・上記実施形態では、山部１１と谷部１２とを各々等間隔で形成するようにしたが、かしめられた板材３，４同士が使用される際に、かしめられた部分に偏った力が係る場合には、偏った力に対して板材３，４同士の固定を維持できる方向に凸部４２が大きく形成されるように山部１１と谷部１２との間隔が異なるように形成してもよい。   -In the said embodiment, although the peak part 11 and the trough part 12 were each formed at equal intervals, when the crimped board | plate materials 3 and 4 are used, the force biased to the crimped part is carried out. In such a case, the protrusions 42 are formed so that the intervals between the peak portions 11 and the valley portions 12 are different so that the convex portions 42 are formed in a direction in which the fixing of the plate members 3 and 4 can be maintained with respect to the biased force. Also good.

・かしめパンチ１の先端面１０が、その外周縁に近づくほど、先端面１０の中心軸に直交し、且つ先端面１０の中心を通る仮想面からかしめパンチ１の本体側へ離間するように形成してもよい。例えば、図４（ｃ）及び図５（ｃ）に示されるように、先端面１０を形成する先端部のかしめパンチ１の中心軸を通るＡ−Ａ断面が、先端面１０の中心と外周縁とを直線で繋いだ形状となるように、先端面１０を形成してもよい。すなわち、先端面１０は、その外周縁へ向かうにつれて前記仮想面から一律に増加して離間する。具体的には、図４（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、先端面１０は円錐形状に形成してもよい。図５（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、先端面１０は複数（八つ）の平面によって形成された先端面１０の中心を凸とする多角（八角）錘状に形成してもよい。また、図６（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、先端面１０は、その中心を凸とする曲面形状としてもよい。すなわち、図６（ｃ）に示されるように、先端面１０を形成する先端部のかしめパンチ１の中心軸を通る図６（ｂ）のＡ−Ａ断面が、先端面１０の中心と外周縁とを曲線で繋いだ前記中心を凸とする形状となるように、先端面１０を形成する。また、図７（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、先端面１０は、仮想面に対して複数段（二段）の勾配を有する円錐状に形成してもよい。すなわち、図７（ｃ）に示されるように、先端面１０を形成する先端部のかしめパンチ１の中心軸を通る図７（ｂ）のＡ−Ａ断面が、先端面１０の中心と外周縁とを二つの直線で繋ぎ、同二つの直線は外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面に対する傾斜角度が大きくなる形状とする。なお、二つの直線に限らず、三つ以上の直線で構成するようにしてもよい。   The tip surface 10 of the caulking punch 1 is formed so as to be separated from the virtual surface passing through the center of the tip surface 10 to the main body side of the caulking punch 1 as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. May be. For example, as shown in FIGS. 4C and 5C, the AA cross section passing through the central axis of the caulking punch 1 at the distal end portion forming the distal end surface 10 is the center and outer peripheral edge of the distal end surface 10. The tip surface 10 may be formed so as to have a shape that is connected by a straight line. That is, the front end surface 10 is uniformly increased away from the virtual surface toward the outer peripheral edge. Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the tip surface 10 may be formed in a conical shape. As shown in FIGS. 5 (a) and 5 (b), the tip surface 10 may be formed in a polygonal (octagonal) spindle shape with the center of the tip surface 10 formed by a plurality of (eight) planes protruding. Good. Further, as shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the distal end surface 10 may have a curved surface shape having a convex center. That is, as shown in FIG. 6 (c), the AA cross section of FIG. 6 (b) passing through the central axis of the caulking punch 1 at the tip portion forming the tip surface 10 is the center and outer peripheral edge of the tip surface 10. The tip surface 10 is formed so as to have a shape in which the center is convex. Further, as shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B, the tip surface 10 may be formed in a conical shape having a plurality of steps (two steps) with respect to the virtual surface. That is, as shown in FIG. 7C, the AA cross section of FIG. 7B passing through the central axis of the caulking punch 1 at the tip portion forming the tip surface 10 is the center and outer peripheral edge of the tip surface 10. Are connected to each other by two straight lines, and the two straight lines have a shape in which the inclination angle with respect to the virtual plane increases as the outer peripheral edge is approached. In addition, you may make it comprise not only two straight lines but three or more straight lines.

・先端面１０の外周縁近傍が、外周縁に近づくほど、かしめパンチ１の中心軸に直交し、且つ先端面１０の中心を通る仮想面からかしめパンチ１の本体側へ離間するように形成され、先端面１０の外周縁近傍より内側が、かしめパンチ１の中心軸に直交する仮想面上に位置するように形成してもよい。例えば、図８（ａ），（ｂ）に示されるように、円柱状のかしめパンチ１の先端部、正確には先端面１０の外周縁近傍には、前記仮想面からかしめパンチ１の本体側へ向かうにつれて、拡径するテーパ面を形成する。すなわち、図８（ｃ）に示されるように、先端面１０を形成する先端部のかしめパンチ１の中心軸を通る図８（ｂ）のＡ−Ａ断面の先端面１０の外周縁近傍が、先端面１０の中央部側と外周縁とを直線で繋いだ形状となる。また、図９（ａ）〜（ｃ）に示されるように、先端面１０の外周縁近傍が、先端面１０の中央部側と外周縁とを曲線で繋いだ形状としてもよい。   -The vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the front end surface 10 is formed so as to be closer to the central axis of the caulking punch 1 and closer to the main body side of the caulking punch 1 from the virtual plane passing through the center of the front end surface 10 as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. In addition, the inner side from the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the front end surface 10 may be formed so as to be positioned on a virtual surface orthogonal to the central axis of the caulking punch 1. For example, as shown in FIGS. 8 (a) and 8 (b), the front end portion of the cylindrical caulking punch 1, more precisely the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the front end surface 10, the main surface side of the caulking punch 1 from the virtual surface. A taper surface which expands in diameter is formed as it goes to. That is, as shown in FIG. 8 (c), the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the tip surface 10 of the AA cross section in FIG. 8 (b) passing through the central axis of the caulking punch 1 at the tip portion forming the tip surface 10 is It becomes the shape which connected the center part side and the outer periphery of the front end surface 10 with the straight line. Further, as shown in FIGS. 9A to 9C, the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the distal end surface 10 may have a shape in which the central portion side of the distal end surface 10 and the outer peripheral edge are connected by a curve.

・山部１１の頂部と谷部１２の底部に丸みを持たせてもよい。
・上記実施形態では、貫通孔３１が形成された第一の板材３及び貫通孔３１の内径と略一致する外径を有する中空の円形の突出部４１が形成された第二の板材４を重ねてかしめるようにした。しかしながら、二つの板材に限らず、複数の板材のうち少なくとも一つの板材に突出部４１を形成した複数の板材を重ねてかしめるようにしてもよい。さらに、図１０に示されるように、突出部５１が形成された厚みのある部材５と板材３とをかしめるようにしてもよい。なお、これらをかしめる場合には、受けパンチ２の形状を変更する必要がある。 -You may give the top part of the peak part 11 and the bottom part of the trough part 12 roundness.
In the above embodiment, the first plate member 3 in which the through-hole 31 is formed and the second plate member 4 in which the hollow circular protrusion 41 having an outer diameter substantially coinciding with the inner diameter of the through-hole 31 are stacked. I tried to squeeze it. However, the present invention is not limited to two plate materials, and a plurality of plate materials having protrusions 41 formed on at least one of the plurality of plate materials may be caulked. Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 10, the thick member 5 on which the protruding portion 51 is formed and the plate material 3 may be caulked. When these are caulked, it is necessary to change the shape of the receiving punch 2.

・さらに、かしめ鋲を用いたかしめにおいても、本発明のかしめパンチ１を使用することができる。   Furthermore, the caulking punch 1 of the present invention can be used in caulking using a caulking rod.

（ａ）かしめ装置の概略図、（ｂ）かしめ装置の断面図、（ｃ）かしめによる板材の変形を示す図。(A) Schematic diagram of a caulking device, (b) a cross-sectional view of the caulking device, (c) a diagram showing deformation of a plate material by caulking. （ａ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Bottom view of caulking punch, (b) Cross section of caulking punch. かしめによる突出部の変形を示す上面図。The top view which shows the deformation | transformation of the protrusion part by caulking. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. （ａ）かしめパンチの側面図、（ｂ）かしめパンチの下面図、（ｃ）かしめパンチの断面図。(A) Side view of caulking punch, (b) Bottom view of caulking punch, (c) Cross-sectional view of caulking punch. かしめ装置の断面図。Sectional drawing of a caulking apparatus. （ａ）従来のかしめ装置の断面図、（ｂ）従来のかしめ装置によるかしめを示す断面図。(A) Sectional drawing of the conventional crimping apparatus, (b) Sectional drawing which shows crimping by the conventional crimping apparatus. （ａ）かしめ前の貫通孔及び突出部の径を示す図、（ｂ）かしめ後の貫通孔及び突出部の径を示す図。(A) The figure which shows the diameter of the through-hole and protrusion part before crimping, (b) The figure which shows the diameter of the through-hole and protrusion part after crimping.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１…かしめパンチ、２…受けパンチ、３…第一の板材、４…第二の板材、５…部材、１０…先端面、１１…山部、１２…谷部、３１…貫通孔、４１…突出部、４２…凸部、４３…凹部、５１…突出部、θ１，θ２…角度、Ｄ…貫通孔の内径、ｄａ…かしめ前の突出部の外径、ｄｂ…かしめ後の突出部の外径。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Caulking punch, 2 ... Receiving punch, 3 ... 1st board | plate material, 4 ... 2nd board | plate material, 5 ... Member, 10 ... Tip surface, 11 ... Mountain part, 12 ... Valley part, 31 ... Through-hole, 41 ... Projection part, 42 ... convex part, 43 ... concave part, 51 ... projection part, θ1, θ2 ... angle, D ... inner diameter of through hole, da ... outer diameter of projection part before caulking, db ... outside of projecting part after caulking Diameter.

Claims (8)

突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面には、前記かしめパンチの中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面上に位置し、又は外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側に離間し、前記先端面の中心から前記外周縁に亘って延びる稜線を有する複数の山部が放射状に形成され、
これら山部の間には、前記外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間し、前記先端面の中心から前記外周縁に亘って延びる谷部が放射状に形成されてなる
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 A member provided with a projecting portion and a member provided with a through hole into which the projecting portion is inserted and having the same size as the projecting portion are overlapped by inserting the projecting portion into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the tip surface is in contact with the protrusion, in order to join both members by plastic deformation so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole,
The tip surface is positioned on a virtual surface that is orthogonal to the center axis of the crimping punch and includes the center of the tip surface, or is closer to the main body side of the crimping punch from the virtual surface as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. A plurality of crests having ridges extending from the center of the tip surface to the outer peripheral edge are formed radially,
Between these crests, the closer to the outer peripheral edge, the farther away from the virtual surface to the main body side of the caulking punch, the troughs extending radially from the center of the tip end surface to the outer peripheral edge are formed radially. Caulking punch characterized by that. 請求項１に記載のかしめパンチにおいて、
前記複数の山部及び谷部は、等間隔に形成されてなる
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 In the caulking punch according to claim 1,
The caulking punch, wherein the plurality of crests and troughs are formed at equal intervals. 突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面は、外周縁に近づくほど、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間するように形成されてなる
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 A member provided with a projecting portion and a member provided with a through hole into which the projecting portion is inserted and having the same size as the projecting portion are overlapped by inserting the projecting portion into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the tip surface is in contact with the protrusion, in order to join both members by plastic deformation so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole,
The tip surface is formed to be perpendicular to the center axis of the tip surface and away from the virtual surface including the center of the tip surface toward the main body side of the caulking punch as it approaches the outer peripheral edge. And caulking punch. 請求項３に記載のかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを直線で繋いだ形状である
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 In the caulking punch according to claim 3,
A caulking punch characterized in that a cross-section passing through the central axis of the caulking punch at the front end forming the front end surface has a shape in which the center of the front end surface and the outer peripheral edge are connected by a straight line. 請求項３に記載のかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを曲線で繋いだ前記中心を凸とする形状である
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 In the caulking punch according to claim 3,
A caulking section that passes through the central axis of the caulking punch at the front end forming the front end surface has a shape in which the center of the front end surface and the outer peripheral edge are connected by a curve and the center is convex. punch. 請求項３に記載のかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面を形成する先端部の前記かしめパンチの中心軸を通る断面は、前記先端面の中心と前記外周縁とを複数の直線で繋ぎ、同複数の直線は前記外周縁に近づくほど前記仮想面に対する角度が大きくなる
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 In the caulking punch according to claim 3,
The cross-section passing through the center axis of the caulking punch at the front end portion forming the front end surface connects the center of the front end surface and the outer peripheral edge with a plurality of straight lines, and the plurality of straight lines approach the virtual outer edge as they approach the outer peripheral edge. A caulking punch characterized by an increased angle to the surface. 突出部を設けた部材と、同突出部と略同じ大きさで同突出部が挿入される貫通孔を設けた部材とを前記突出部を前記貫通孔に挿入して重ね合わせて、前記突出部を前記貫通孔の内径より大きくなるように塑性変形させることにより両部材を接合すべく、先端面が前記突出部に当接しながら押圧力を加えるかしめパンチにおいて、
前記先端面の外周縁近傍は、前記外周縁に近づくほど、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面から前記かしめパンチの本体側へ離間するように形成され、
前記先端面の前記外周縁近傍より内側は、前記先端面の中心軸に直交し、且つ前記先端面の中心を含む仮想面上に位置するように形成されてなる
ことを特徴とするかしめパンチ。 A member provided with a projecting portion and a member provided with a through hole into which the projecting portion is inserted and having the same size as the projecting portion are overlapped by inserting the projecting portion into the through hole. In the caulking punch that applies a pressing force while the tip surface is in contact with the protrusion, in order to join both members by plastic deformation so as to be larger than the inner diameter of the through hole,
The vicinity of the outer peripheral edge of the tip surface is formed so as to be perpendicular to the central axis of the tip surface and to be separated from the virtual surface including the center of the tip surface toward the main body side of the caulking punch as the outer peripheral edge is approached. ,
The caulking punch is characterized in that the inside of the front end surface from the vicinity of the outer peripheral edge is formed so as to be perpendicular to the central axis of the front end surface and on a virtual surface including the center of the front end surface. 請求項１〜７のいずれか一項に記載のかしめパンチと、
前記かしめパンチと共に前記突出部を挟み、前記突出部を支持する受けパンチとを備え、前記かしめパンチを前記突出部に押圧することによって、前記突出部を圧潰する
かしめ装置。 The caulking punch according to any one of claims 1 to 7,
A caulking device that includes a receiving punch that sandwiches the protruding portion together with the caulking punch and supports the protruding portion, and that crushes the protruding portion by pressing the caulking punch against the protruding portion.
JP2006190207A 2006-07-11 2006-07-11 Caulking punch and caulking device having the same Withdrawn JP2008018434A (en)

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GB2470261A (en) * 2009-05-15 2010-11-17 Niles Co Ltd Caulking coupling device and transmission switch
GB2470261B (en) * 2009-05-15 2012-09-05 Niles Co Ltd Caulking coupling device, switch and transmission switch
KR101025669B1 (en) * 2010-08-20 2011-03-30 김규태 Led tv frame of led plate connection manufacture mold and the manufacturing method
JP2012254465A (en) * 2011-06-08 2012-12-27 Toyota Auto Body Co Ltd Device for forming laminated steel sheet and method for manufacturing the laminated steel sheet
CN102528410A (en) * 2011-11-07 2012-07-04 杭州钻虎金刚石工具有限公司 Process for manufacturing base body of engineering thin-walled drill
JP2015165151A (en) * 2014-03-03 2015-09-17 日光金属工業株式会社 Dowel caulking method
WO2016125506A1 (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-11 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Joining method for members
JP2016144817A (en) * 2015-02-06 2016-08-12 株式会社神戸製鋼所 Member joining method
JP2019173990A (en) * 2018-03-27 2019-10-10 株式会社ノーリツ Gas supply manifold and manufacturing method thereof
CN109894520A (en) * 2019-03-22 2019-06-18 江阴市南闸中天电器有限公司 A kind of tinertoy formula silicon steel sheet and production method

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