JP2008013377A - Apparatus for producing carbonized product - Google Patents

Apparatus for producing carbonized product Download PDF

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JP2008013377A
JP2008013377A JP2006183130A JP2006183130A JP2008013377A JP 2008013377 A JP2008013377 A JP 2008013377A JP 2006183130 A JP2006183130 A JP 2006183130A JP 2006183130 A JP2006183130 A JP 2006183130A JP 2008013377 A JP2008013377 A JP 2008013377A
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screw
carbide
conveyor
zone
casing
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Takao Matsuuchi
孝夫 松内
Masakazu Sawai
正和 澤井
Minoru Maeda
稔 前田
Masaki Kanzawa
正樹 神澤
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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Kawasaki Heavy Industries Ltd
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  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Coke Industry (AREA)
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an apparatus for producing carbonized products which can easily and surely produce various kinds of carbonized products such as an absolutely dried product, a semi-carbonized product, a carbonized product or activated carbonized product having different applications with one apparatus. <P>SOLUTION: The apparatus for producing carbonized products is equipped with: a screw conveyor 2 in which a ribbon screw 6 is arranged in the central part axial direction in a cylindrical conveyor casing 4 and which is provided so as to penetrate through a heating furnace 3 in the longitudinal direction: a raw material charging port 21 which is provided at the end part of the screw conveyor 2 projecting to the front of the heating furnace 3; and a product discharging port 22 which is provided at the end part of the screw conveyor 2 projecting to the rear of the heating furnace 3, and dries and carbonizes sewage sludge B charged from the raw material charging port 21. In the apparatus for producing carbonized products, the outer diameter of the ribbon screw 6 is formed so as to be smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical conveyor casing 4, and a screw rotation shaft 5 is constituted so that it can elevate and lower against the cylindrical conveyor casing 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、下水汚泥、畜産廃棄物、食品廃棄物などの炭素を含有する湿潤系有機性廃棄物を原料として、絶乾物から半炭化物、炭化物および吸着用活性炭などの活性炭化物まで幅広い用途の炭化物を同一の装置で製造可能な炭化物製造装置に関するものである。   This invention uses a wide range of carbonized materials from dry matter to semi-carbides, carbides, and activated carbides such as activated carbon for adsorption using wet organic waste containing carbon such as sewage sludge, livestock waste, and food waste. The present invention relates to a carbide manufacturing apparatus capable of manufacturing the same with the same apparatus.

地球温暖化防止の観点から、湿潤系バイオマス賦存量のかなりの割合を占める下水汚泥の燃料化について様々な研究開発や実設備の計画がなされている。下水汚泥は、湿潤系バイオマスのうちでも廃棄物処理費用が高いことと、発生量が一年を通して安定していることから、燃料としての有効利用が期待されている。また、下水道の普及率が向上するのに伴って下水汚泥の発生量が増大する一方、社会経済活動の高度化により廃棄物が増大し、廃棄物処理場の新規立地が困難な状況にあり、とくに下水汚泥の炭化は、その焼却や溶融と比較して排ガス発生量が少ないうえに、その製品としての炭化物は木炭に似た特性をもつことから、有効利用可能な用途先が多く、新しい資材として注目されている。   From the viewpoint of preventing global warming, various research and development and actual facility plans have been made for the conversion of sewage sludge to fuel, which accounts for a significant proportion of the existing amount of wet biomass. Sewage sludge is expected to be effectively used as a fuel because of its high waste disposal cost among wet biomass and its stable generation throughout the year. In addition, the amount of sewage sludge generated increases with the increase in the sewerage penetration rate, while the amount of waste increases due to sophistication of socio-economic activities, making it difficult to establish a new waste treatment plant. In particular, carbonization of sewage sludge generates less exhaust gas than incineration and melting, and the product carbide has characteristics similar to charcoal, so there are many applications where it can be used effectively, and new materials It is attracting attention as.

ところで、下水汚泥から製造される活性炭化物は、例えばごみ焼却排ガスのダイオキシン吸着材として有効に利用できるが、こうしたダイオキシン類の吸着用活性炭化物として利用するには、８００℃以上の高温で炭化する必要がある。一方、５５０℃以下の低温で炭化させると、即効性リン酸（可給態リン酸）および遅効性リン酸（ク溶性リン酸）を有効に含有する肥料のリン酸原料としての炭化物が得られ、また１００〜３００℃程度のさらに低温で炭化させると、高カロリーを有する絶乾物や半炭化物からなる燃料として有効な炭化物が得られるなど、炭化させる温度を調整することにより、全く用途の異なる炭化物が得られることが分かっている。   By the way, the activated carbide produced from sewage sludge can be effectively used as, for example, a dioxin adsorbent for waste incineration exhaust gas, but to be used as an activated carbide for adsorbing such dioxins, it is necessary to carbonize at a high temperature of 800 ° C. or higher. There is. On the other hand, when carbonized at a low temperature of 550 ° C. or less, a carbide as a phosphoric acid raw material for fertilizer that effectively contains immediate-acting phosphoric acid (available phosphoric acid) and slow-acting phosphoric acid (soluble phosphoric acid) is obtained. In addition, when carbonized at a lower temperature of about 100 to 300 ° C., carbides that are effective as fuels composed of high-calorie absolute dry matter and semi-carbide are obtained. Is known to be obtained.

上記したとおり下水汚泥など有機性廃棄物の発生量は年々増大しているが、ダイオキシン類の吸着用活性炭化物としての需要は限られていることから、周囲の需要に応じて多種多様の炭化物を製造することが望まれる。しかし、従来の炭化物製造装置では、活性炭化物から肥料用炭化物、そして燃料用炭化物に至る広範囲の炭化物を、同一の装置にて製造することができなかった。   As mentioned above, the amount of organic waste such as sewage sludge is increasing year by year, but the demand for activated carbon for adsorbing dioxins is limited. It is desirable to manufacture. However, in the conventional carbide manufacturing apparatus, a wide range of carbides from activated carbide to fertilizer carbide and fuel carbide cannot be manufactured in the same apparatus.

この種の製造装置に関する先行技術として、円筒ケーシング内の中心部軸方向にガス流路が形成されるようにスクリューを収納したスクリューコンベヤを、炉体を貫通させて、前部が乾燥ゾーン、中部が炭化ゾーン、後部が賦活ゾーンとなるように設け、前部の乾燥ゾーンのスクリューコンベヤの端部入口に湿潤系有機性廃棄物を投入するための原料投入口を設け、後部の賦活ゾーンのスクリューコンベヤの端部出口に製品排出口を設け、乾燥ゾーンで発生した水蒸気及び炭化ゾーンで発生した乾留ガスを炭化ゾーンからの炭化物と後部の賦活ゾーンのスクリューコンベヤ内で接触させて炭化物を賦活・活性化させることができるようにした活性炭化物の製造装置であって、後部の賦活ゾーンより処理物流れの下流部分の円筒ケーシングを耐火材で被覆し、この被覆耐火材および円筒ケーシングに乾留ガス排気口を設け、この排気口の周りを遮蔽壁で区分して熱風発生部とし、この熱風発生部にバーナを接続した構造の装置が提案されている(例えば、特許文献１参照）。   As a prior art related to this type of manufacturing apparatus, a screw conveyor containing a screw is formed so that a gas flow path is formed in the axial direction of the central part in a cylindrical casing. Is provided with a carbonization zone and a rear part as an activation zone, and a raw material inlet for introducing wet organic waste is provided at the end of the screw conveyor in the front drying zone, and a screw in the rear activation zone. A product discharge port is provided at the end of the conveyor, and water vapor generated in the drying zone and carbonization gas generated in the carbonization zone are brought into contact with the carbide from the carbonization zone in the screw conveyor in the rear activation zone to activate and activate the carbide. The activated carbide manufacturing apparatus is designed to be resistant to the cylindrical casing in the downstream part of the processed product flow from the rear activation zone. An apparatus having a structure in which a dry distillation gas exhaust port is provided in the coated refractory material and the cylindrical casing, and the periphery of the exhaust port is divided by a shielding wall to form a hot air generating unit, and a burner is connected to the hot air generating unit. It has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

そのほか、有機性廃棄物を熱分解することにより得られる炭化物を液体に浮遊させることによって、液体中に浮き高品質燃料となる炭素分と、液体中に沈んだ灰分とに分けることで、炭化物から高品質な燃料を製造する装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献２参照）。   In addition, by suspending the carbide obtained by pyrolyzing organic waste in a liquid, it is separated from the carbide by separating it into a carbon content that floats in the liquid and becomes high quality fuel, and an ash that sinks in the liquid. An apparatus for producing high-quality fuel has been proposed (see, for example, Patent Document 2).

また、炭化炉への供給空気量を好適に制御して空気の過不足を防止し、熱効率および炭化処理効率を高める炭化物製造装置が提案されている（例えば、特許文献３参照）。   Further, there has been proposed a carbide manufacturing apparatus that appropriately controls the amount of air supplied to the carbonization furnace to prevent excess or shortage of air and enhances thermal efficiency and carbonization efficiency (see, for example, Patent Document 3).

さらに、乾留ガスに含まれるタール分や煤等で配管が閉塞することがなく、長時間の連続運転が可能で、燃料の消費量が僅かでランニングコストを低減でき、しかも有害成分や悪臭成分の除去効率も高い有機性廃棄物の炭化処理装置が提供されている（例えば、特許文献４参照））。この装置では、燃焼炉内に燃焼空間を残してガス化炭化炉を設置し、有機性廃棄物をガス化炭化炉内で撹拌しつつ炭化させながら乾留ガスを発生させ、その乾留ガスをガス化炭化炉の乾留ガス出口から燃焼空間に直接導入して燃焼させるとともに、その燃焼ガスを燃焼ガス導入口からガス化炭化炉内に導入している。
特開２００４−３５２５３８号公報 特開２００３−２６８３８０号公報 特開２００１−１９２６６４号公報 特開２００６−００８７３６号公報 Furthermore, the piping is not clogged with tar or soot contained in dry distillation gas, continuous operation for a long time is possible, fuel consumption is small, running costs can be reduced, and harmful and odorous components can be reduced. An organic waste carbonization apparatus having high removal efficiency is provided (see, for example, Patent Document 4). In this equipment, a gasification carbonization furnace is installed leaving a combustion space in the combustion furnace, and organic waste is carbonized while being stirred in the gasification carbonization furnace to generate dry distillation gas, and the dry distillation gas is gasified. The carbonization furnace is directly introduced into the combustion space from the carbonization gas outlet and burned, and the combustion gas is introduced into the gasification carbonization furnace from the combustion gas inlet.
JP 2004-352538 A JP 2003-268380 A JP 2001-192664 A JP 2006-008736 A

上記特許文献１に記載の製造装置では、スケーリングによる断熱を防止し、被炭化物が必要とする温度まで加熱することにより品質の向上を図るために、スクリュー羽根の周縁部とケーシング内壁との間隙が最小限になるように間隙を調整する対策がとられている。この特許文献１に記載の装置をはじめ、上記した特許文献２〜４に記載のいずれの炭化物製造装置でも、用途の異なる炭化物、いいかえれば絶乾物および半炭化物などの低温炭化物から炭化物および活性炭化物などの高温炭化物まで同一の装置で炭化温度を任意に調整して製造することはできない。   In the manufacturing apparatus described in Patent Document 1, in order to prevent heat insulation due to scaling and improve the quality by heating to a temperature required for the object to be carbonized, there is a gap between the peripheral edge of the screw blade and the inner wall of the casing. Measures are taken to adjust the gap to be minimal. In addition to the apparatus described in Patent Document 1, any of the carbide manufacturing apparatuses described in Patent Documents 2 to 4 described above, carbides having different uses, in other words, low-temperature carbides such as absolutely dry and semi-carbides, carbides and activated carbides, etc. It is not possible to manufacture by arbitrarily adjusting the carbonization temperature in the same apparatus up to the high-temperature carbide.

この発明は上述の点に鑑みなされたもので、絶乾物から半炭化物、炭化物および活性炭化物まで用途や種類の異なる炭化物を、一台の装置で容易にかつ確実に製造することができる、炭化物製造装置を提供することを目的としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above points, and can manufacture carbides of different uses and types from absolutely dry to semi-carbides, carbides and activated carbides easily and reliably with a single device. The object is to provide a device.

上記の目的を達成するために本発明に係る炭化物製造装置は、円筒状コンベヤケーシング内の中心部軸方向にガス流路が形成されるようにリボンスクリューを配設したスクリューコンベヤを、加熱炉内の前後方向に貫通させて、上流部が乾燥ゾーン、中流部が炭化ゾーン、下流部が賦活ゾーンとなるように設け、前記乾燥ゾーンの前記加熱炉より前方に突出するスクリューコンベヤの端部に原料投入口を設けるとともに、前記賦活ゾーンの前記加熱炉より後方に突出するスクリューコンベヤの端部に製品排出口を設け、前記原料投入口より下水汚泥などの湿潤系有機性廃棄物を投入し、前記乾燥ゾーンで発生する水蒸気および前記炭化ゾーンで発生する乾留ガスを前記賦活ゾーンで炭化物に接触させて同炭化物を賦活・活性化させる炭化物製造装置において、前記リボンスクリューの外径を前記円筒状コンベヤケーシングの内径よりも小さく形成するとともに、前記スクリュー回転軸を前記円筒状コンベヤケーシングに対し昇降可能に構成したことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a carbide manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention includes a screw conveyor in which a ribbon screw is disposed so that a gas flow path is formed in the axial direction of a central portion in a cylindrical conveyor casing. The raw material is provided at the end of the screw conveyor that projects forward from the heating furnace in the drying zone, with the upstream portion serving as a drying zone, the midstream portion serving as a carbonization zone, and the downstream portion serving as an activation zone. Provide an inlet, and provide a product outlet at the end of the screw conveyor protruding rearward from the heating furnace in the activation zone, and input wet organic waste such as sewage sludge from the raw material inlet, Product made of carbide that activates and activates the carbonized product by bringing water vapor generated in the drying zone and carbonized gas generated in the carbonized zone into contact with the carbide in the activated zone An apparatus, as well as smaller than the inner diameter of the cylindrical conveyor casing the outside diameter of the ribbon screw, characterized in that the screw rotating shaft and vertically movable arrangement with respect to the cylindrical conveyor casing.

上記構成を有する本発明の炭化物製造装置によれば、製造する炭化物の種類(例えば、絶乾物、炭化物)に応じて、コンベヤケーシング内周壁とリボンスクリュー外周縁部とのクリアランスをスクリュー回転軸を昇降させその上下方向の位置を調整することにより、変更することができる。これにより、クリアランス部に原料としての有機性廃棄物もしくはその炭化物からなるスケーリング層を意図的に形成させ、スケーリング層にて断熱作用を生じさせられるから、コンベヤケーシング外面温度を一定(例えば、９００℃〜９５０℃）に保った場合でも、被炭化物（有機性廃棄物）の材料温度を例えば５００℃や６００℃になるように加熱でき、所望の炭化物を製造することができる。また、スクリュー回転軸の位置を下げてコンベヤケーシング内周壁とのクリアランスを０あるいはリボンスクリュー外周縁部を特に賦活ゾーンでコンベヤケーシング内周壁に接触させることにより、被炭化物を８００〜９００℃以上の高温で加熱でき、高品質の活性炭化物を製造することもできる。   According to the carbide manufacturing apparatus of the present invention having the above-described configuration, the clearance between the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing and the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw is raised and lowered on the screw rotating shaft according to the type of carbide to be manufactured (e.g., absolutely dry product, carbide). It can be changed by adjusting the position in the vertical direction. As a result, a scaling layer made of organic waste or a carbide thereof as a raw material is intentionally formed in the clearance portion, and a heat insulating action is generated in the scaling layer, so the outer surface temperature of the conveyor casing is constant (for example, 900 ° C. Even when the temperature is kept at ˜950 ° C., the material temperature of the object to be carbonized (organic waste) can be heated to, for example, 500 ° C. or 600 ° C., and a desired carbide can be produced. Further, by lowering the position of the screw rotating shaft to bring the clearance with the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing to 0 or bringing the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw into contact with the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing particularly in the activation zone, the carbide is heated to 800 to 900 ° C. or higher. It is possible to produce high-quality activated carbide.

請求項２に記載のように、前記スクリュー回転軸の回転速度を変更可能に構成することができる。   As described in claim 2, the rotational speed of the screw rotation shaft can be changed.

このように構成することで、コンベヤケーシング内周壁とリボンスクリュー外周縁部とのクリアランスを調整し、コンベヤケーシングから被炭化物（下水汚泥など）へ伝達される温度を調節するとともに、スクリューの回転速度を変更することにより、コンベヤケーシング内における被炭化物の滞留時間を調整することによって、被炭化物の加熱量を容易にかつ確実に調節することができる。   By configuring in this way, the clearance between the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing and the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw is adjusted, the temperature transmitted from the conveyor casing to the carbonized material (sewage sludge, etc.) is adjusted, and the rotational speed of the screw is adjusted. By changing, the heating amount of the carbide can be easily and reliably adjusted by adjusting the residence time of the carbide in the conveyor casing.

請求項３に記載のように、前記スクリューコンベヤのスクリュー回転軸の両端部をそれぞれ前記円筒状ケーシングの外方へ突出させ、前記スクリュー回転軸の各突出部をシリンダ装置により昇降可能かつ回転可能に支持することができる。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, both ends of the screw rotating shaft of the screw conveyor are protruded outward of the cylindrical casing, and the protruding portions of the screw rotating shaft can be moved up and down and rotated by a cylinder device. Can be supported.

このように構成することで、スクリュー回転軸の前部側と後部側とでコンベヤケーシング内周壁とスクリュー外周縁部とのクリアランスを自在に設定することで、被炭化物の加熱量をスクリュー回転軸の軸方向に沿って変更することもできる。   By configuring in this way, the clearance between the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing and the outer peripheral edge of the screw can be freely set on the front side and the rear side of the screw rotation shaft, so that the heating amount of the carbide to be carved can be reduced. It can also be changed along the axial direction.

請求項４に記載のように、前記スクリュー回転軸の軸方向の熱伸縮を許容する可動軸受けを介して同スクリュー回転軸の前記各突出部をシリンダ装置により昇降可能に支持することができる。   According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, the projecting portions of the screw rotation shaft can be supported by a cylinder device via a movable bearing that allows thermal expansion and contraction in the axial direction of the screw rotation shaft.

このように構成することで、スクリュー回転軸が加熱されて熱膨張しても後端部の可動軸受けで外輪が滑ることで回転軸の伸長動が許容されるので、軸受けを損傷するなどの悪影響がなく、またケーシングの内壁に対する接触でスクリュー外周縁部が摩耗してもシリンダ装置によりスクリュー回転軸の位置を下げて対応できる。   By configuring in this way, even if the screw rotating shaft is heated and thermally expanded, the outer ring is allowed to slide by the movable bearing at the rear end portion, and the rotating shaft is allowed to extend, so that the bearing is damaged. In addition, even if the outer peripheral edge of the screw is worn due to contact with the inner wall of the casing, the position of the screw rotation shaft can be lowered by the cylinder device.

この発明に係る炭化物製造装置は上記の構成からなるから、下記のような優れた効果を奏する。   Since the carbide manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention is configured as described above, the following excellent effects can be obtained.

コンベヤケーシング内周壁とスクリュー外周縁部とのクリアランスを、スクリュー回転軸を昇降させその上下方向の位置を調整することにより容易に変更できるので、絶乾物から半炭化物、炭化物および活性炭化物まで、幅広い性状をもつ炭化物を、同一の装置で容易にかつ確実に製造できる。したがって、下水汚泥などの有機性廃棄物から製造される炭化物を広範囲の用途に応じた各種性状の炭化物として得られるので、有機性廃棄物の有効利用が図れ、用途の幅が格段に拡がり、地域特性や季節に応じて最も有利な、つまり高需要の製品を製造できる。具体例を挙げると、1)地方都市や近郊では、春先から夏場にかけて農地還元用の需要が高まるため、炭化処理条件としてク溶性リン酸を多量に含有する炭化物となるように熱履歴(材料温度５００℃）を設定して製造する。2)また秋口から冬場の農閑期には、連作に障害のある物質を吸着し土壌改良材として機能する活性炭化物となるように熱履歴(材料温度８００℃以上）を設定して製造する。3)あるいは温室栽培用の燃料として使用する炭化物としての、高カロリーを具備する絶乾物や半炭化物となるように熱履歴（材料温度１００℃〜３００℃）を設定して製造する。近隣に石炭火力発電所がある場合には、臭気の許容度や燃料比などの受け入れ条件に応じて高カロリーの炭化物を製造する。4)その他、年間を通して一定量の需要が見込めるごみ焼却炉のダイオキシン吸着剤をはじめとする各種吸着剤(いわゆる活性炭化物）を、高温加熱（材料温度８００℃以上）により製造する。以上のように、クリアランス部に原料としての有機性廃棄物もしくはその炭化物からなるスケーリング層を意図的に(任意に)形成し、スケーリング層にて断熱作用を生じさせてコンベヤケーシング外面温度を一定に保ったまま、被炭化物（有機性廃棄物）の温度を任意に調節して、所望の炭化物を製造できる。   The clearance between the conveyor casing inner peripheral wall and the screw outer peripheral edge can be easily changed by raising and lowering the screw rotating shaft and adjusting its vertical position, so it has a wide range of properties from dry to semi-carbide, carbide and activated carbide. Can be easily and reliably produced in the same apparatus. Therefore, carbides produced from organic waste such as sewage sludge can be obtained as carbides with various properties according to a wide range of applications, so that organic waste can be used effectively, and the range of applications is greatly expanded. Depending on the characteristics and seasons, it is possible to produce the most advantageous, that is, high-demand products. Specific examples are as follows: 1) In local cities and suburbs, the demand for agricultural land reduction increases from early spring to summer, so that the heat history (material temperature) becomes carbonized with a large amount of soluble phosphate as carbonization conditions. 500 ° C.) is set and manufactured. 2) In addition, during the agricultural season from the beginning of autumn to the winter, it is manufactured by setting a heat history (material temperature of 800 ° C or higher) so as to become an activated carbide that functions as a soil conditioner by adsorbing substances that hinder continuous cropping. 3) Alternatively, it is produced by setting a heat history (material temperature: 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.) so as to become an absolutely dry or semi-carbide having a high calorie as a carbide used as a fuel for greenhouse cultivation. If there is a coal-fired power plant nearby, high-calorie carbides are produced according to acceptance conditions such as odor tolerance and fuel ratio. 4) In addition, various adsorbents (so-called activated carbides) including dioxin adsorbents for refuse incinerators, where a certain amount of demand is expected throughout the year, are produced by high-temperature heating (material temperature of 800 ° C or higher). As described above, a scaling layer made of organic waste or its carbide as a raw material is intentionally (arbitrarily) formed in the clearance part, and a heat insulating effect is generated in the scaling layer to keep the conveyor casing outer surface temperature constant. While maintaining the temperature, the temperature of the object to be carbonized (organic waste) can be arbitrarily adjusted to produce the desired carbide.

以下、この発明に係る炭化物製造装置について実施の形態を図面に基づいて説明する。   DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, an embodiment of a carbide manufacturing apparatus according to the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は下水汚泥を原料とする炭化物製造装置全体の実施例を概略的に示す断面図、図２は図１の炭化物製造装置をより詳細に示す断面図である。   FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing an embodiment of the entire carbide manufacturing apparatus using sewage sludge as a raw material, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the carbide manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 in more detail.

図１・図２に示すように、本実施例の炭化物製造装置１は、スクリューコンベヤ２と加熱炉３とを備え、スクリューコンベヤ２は加熱炉３内を前後方向に貫通して設けられ、加熱炉３から前方に突出するスクリューコンベヤ２の前部突出部上面に原料としての乾燥汚泥Ｂの投入口２１が、加熱炉３から後方に突出する後部突出部下面に製品としての炭化物Ｃの排出口２２がそれぞれ開口されている。また、スクリューコンベヤ２の後部上面にガス排気口２３が開口されている。スクリューコンベヤ２は、円筒状コンベヤケーシング４内にリボンスクリュー６の螺旋状羽根６ａが回転軸５の周囲に周方向に等間隔に配置されたリブフレーム６ｂを介して配設され、コンベヤケーシング４内の中心部軸方向にガス流路が形成されている。スクリュー回転軸５はコンベヤケーシング４内の前後方向において軸方向に貫通して設けられている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the carbide manufacturing apparatus 1 of the present embodiment includes a screw conveyor 2 and a heating furnace 3, and the screw conveyor 2 is provided through the heating furnace 3 in the front-rear direction, and is heated. An inlet 21 for dry sludge B as a raw material is formed on the upper surface of the front projecting portion of the screw conveyor 2 projecting forward from the furnace 3, and a discharge port for carbide C as a product is disposed on the lower surface of the rear projecting portion projecting rearward from the heating furnace 3. 22 are each opened. A gas exhaust port 23 is opened on the upper surface of the rear part of the screw conveyor 2. The screw conveyor 2 is disposed in a cylindrical conveyor casing 4 via a rib frame 6b in which spiral blades 6a of a ribbon screw 6 are arranged around the rotation shaft 5 at equal intervals in the circumferential direction. A gas flow path is formed in the axial direction of the central portion. The screw rotating shaft 5 is provided penetrating in the axial direction in the front-rear direction in the conveyor casing 4.

加熱炉３内には、燃焼設備３１のバーナ３２がスクリューコンベヤ２のガス排気口２３の上方に臨ませて設けられている。そして、バーナ３２により燃焼される高温ガスが加熱炉３内のスクリューコンベヤ２の周りを後部から前部にかけて蛇行しながら移動するように、前後方向に間隔をあけてスクリューコンベヤ２の上下に交互に配置される上下方向の炉壁３３、３４、３５によって加熱炉３内が仕切られている。また、下側の中央炉壁３４は前後端の炉壁３ａ、３ｂと相俟って円筒状コンベヤケーシング４の下側を支持している。加熱炉３の前端部上面には排ガスの排出口３ｃが設けられ、その下流側に煙道３６が設置されている。スクリューコンベヤ２の内部は前部(上流部）が乾燥ゾーン２ｘに、中部(中流部）が炭化ゾーン２ｙに、後部(下流部）が賦活ゾーン２ｚに構成される。   In the heating furnace 3, a burner 32 of the combustion facility 31 is provided facing the gas exhaust port 23 of the screw conveyor 2. And the hot gas combusted by the burner 32 moves alternately around the screw conveyor 2 in the heating furnace 3 while meandering from the rear part to the front part, and alternately above and below the screw conveyor 2 at intervals in the front-rear direction. The inside of the heating furnace 3 is partitioned by the arranged vertical furnace walls 33, 34, 35. The lower central furnace wall 34 supports the lower side of the cylindrical conveyor casing 4 in combination with the front and rear furnace walls 3a and 3b. An exhaust gas discharge port 3 c is provided on the upper surface of the front end portion of the heating furnace 3, and a flue 36 is installed downstream thereof. In the screw conveyor 2, the front part (upstream part) is configured in the drying zone 2x, the middle part (middle stream part) in the carbonization zone 2y, and the rear part (downstream part) in the activation zone 2z.

図２に示すように、円筒状コンベヤケーシング４から円形前端壁４１を貫通して前方に突出する回転軸５の前部は、可動軸受け７により回転可能にかつ軸方向(前後方向）へ変位可能に支持されており、可動軸受け７の支持ボックス７２の前端と前端壁４１とは蛇腹式円筒状金属継手４２により接続され、可動軸受け７により支持された回転軸５の上下動に追随する。また、回転軸５の前端には減速機構８１を介して電動モータ８が接続されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the front part of the rotating shaft 5 that protrudes forward from the cylindrical conveyor casing 4 through the circular front end wall 41 can be rotated by the movable bearing 7 and can be displaced in the axial direction (front-rear direction). The front end of the support box 72 of the movable bearing 7 and the front end wall 41 are connected by a bellows-type cylindrical metal joint 42 and follow the vertical movement of the rotary shaft 5 supported by the movable bearing 7. An electric motor 8 is connected to the front end of the rotating shaft 5 via a speed reduction mechanism 81.

回転軸５の後部も可動軸受け９により、回転可能にかつ軸方向(前後方向）へ変位可能に支持されており、可動軸受け９の支持ボックス９２の前端と本体後端壁４４とが蛇腹式円筒状金属継手４５により接続され、可動軸受け９により支持された回転軸５の上下動に追随する。可動軸受け７・９は支持ボックス７２・９２の外壁に対し外輪７３・９３が前後に摺動可能な構造で、回転軸５の熱膨張による伸びを許容する。   The rear portion of the rotating shaft 5 is also supported by the movable bearing 9 so as to be rotatable and displaceable in the axial direction (front-rear direction), and the front end of the support box 92 of the movable bearing 9 and the rear end wall 44 of the main body are accordion-shaped cylinders. It is connected by a metal joint 45 and follows the vertical movement of the rotating shaft 5 supported by the movable bearing 9. The movable bearings 7 and 9 have a structure in which the outer rings 73 and 93 can slide back and forth with respect to the outer walls of the support boxes 72 and 92, and allow the rotation shaft 5 to extend due to thermal expansion.

また、可動軸受け７・９を下からシリンダ装置、本例ではエアシリンダ１０・１１により昇降可能に支持し、リボンスクリュー回転軸５の前後両端部の上下方向の位置（高さ）を調整することによって、乾燥ゾーン２ｘ、炭化ゾーン２ｙおよび賦活ゾーン２ｚにおけるリボンスクリュー６の（羽根６ａの）外周縁部とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁との間でクリアランスを変更できるようにしている。つまり、製造しようとする炭化物の適温になるようにクリアランスを形成し、スケーリング層を介して断熱することにより低温で加熱したり、クリアランスを全くなくして高温で加熱したりできるようにしている。なお、昇降装置はエアシリンダ１０・１１には限定するものではなく、例えば、油圧シリンダや電動シリンダを使用することができる。   Further, the movable bearings 7 and 9 are supported from below by a cylinder device, in this example, air cylinders 10 and 11 so as to be movable up and down, and the vertical positions (heights) of the front and rear ends of the ribbon screw rotating shaft 5 are adjusted. Thus, the clearance can be changed between the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw 6 (of the blade 6a) and the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4 in the drying zone 2x, the carbonization zone 2y, and the activation zone 2z. In other words, a clearance is formed so as to achieve an appropriate temperature for the carbide to be manufactured, and heat insulation is performed through the scaling layer, so that heating can be performed at a low temperature, or heating can be performed at a high temperature without any clearance. The lifting device is not limited to the air cylinders 10 and 11, and for example, a hydraulic cylinder or an electric cylinder can be used.

さらに、図３・図４に示すようにリボンスクリュー６の（羽根６ａの）外径を円筒状コンベヤケーシング４の内径より小さく（１０％程度）し、スクリュー６の外周縁部（羽根６ａ）とコンベヤケーシング４内周壁との隙間を０ｍｍから数十ｍｍの間で調整できるようにしている。これにより、リボンスクリュー６の外周縁部をコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁に近接あるいは接触させてスケーリングの発生を抑制する一方、リボンスクリュー６とコンベヤケーシング４とにクリアランスを設けることによりスケーリング層が形成されるようにしている。   3 and 4, the outer diameter of the ribbon screw 6 (of the blade 6a) is made smaller (about 10%) than the inner diameter of the cylindrical conveyor casing 4, and the outer peripheral edge of the screw 6 (the blade 6a) The gap with the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4 can be adjusted between 0 mm and several tens of mm. As a result, the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw 6 is brought close to or in contact with the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4 to suppress the occurrence of scaling, while the ribbon screw 6 and the conveyor casing 4 are provided with a clearance to form a scaling layer. I try to do it.

詳しくは、スクリューコンベヤ２内の賦活ゾーン２ｚにおいて、図３（ａ）に示すように、リボンスクリュー６の外周縁部とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁とにスケーリングがほとんど付着することがない状態、つまり加熱炉３内の燃焼ガス（バーナ３２部付近では９５０℃程度）による間接加熱で炭化物の温度が規定の材料温度(通常８００℃以上）になって賦活・活性化が確実に遂行される状態から、図４に示すように、リボンスクリュー６の羽根６ａの外周縁部とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁とに大きなクリアランスが生じ、例えば２０ｍｍ前後のスケーリング層が形成され、加熱炉３内の燃焼ガス（９５０℃程度）による間接加熱で炭化物の温度が低温炭化物製造に適した材料温度(例えば、５００℃〜６００℃）になる状態へ、図３（ｂ）に示すように、さらにクリアランスが増大し、スケーリング層の厚みも増して極低温炭化物製造に適した材料温度(例えば１００℃〜３００℃）になる状態へも調整可能になる。   Specifically, in the activation zone 2z in the screw conveyor 2, as shown in FIG. 3A, the scaling hardly adheres to the outer peripheral edge of the ribbon screw 6 and the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4, that is, From the state in which activation and activation are reliably performed when the temperature of the carbide becomes the specified material temperature (usually 800 ° C. or higher) by indirect heating with the combustion gas in the heating furnace 3 (about 950 ° C. in the vicinity of 32 parts of the burner). 4, a large clearance is generated between the outer peripheral edge of the blade 6a of the ribbon screw 6 and the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4, for example, a scaling layer of about 20 mm is formed, and the combustion gas in the heating furnace 3 ( To the state where the temperature of the carbide becomes a material temperature suitable for low-temperature carbide production (for example, 500 ° C. to 600 ° C.) by indirect heating by about 950 ° C.) (B), the further clearance is increased, it becomes possible to adjust the state in which the scaling layer thickness than ever with the material temperature suitable for cryogenic carbide production (eg 100 ° C. to 300 ° C.).

上記のようにして本発明の実施例に係る炭化物製造装置１が構成されるが、この炭化物製造装置１の使用態様について説明する。   Although the carbide manufacturing apparatus 1 which concerns on the Example of this invention is comprised as mentioned above, the usage condition of this carbide manufacturing apparatus 1 is demonstrated.

最初に活性炭化物Ｅの製造に関しては、スクリュー回転軸５の後端部側をエアシリンダ１１により下降させ、賦活ゾーン２ｚでリボンスクリュー６の外周縁部をコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁に接触させる。そして、図１に示すように、ホッパー１１１からスクリューコンベヤ１１２およびシュート１１３を経て搬送されてくる乾燥汚泥Ｂが、投入口２１からスクリューコンベヤ２内の乾燥ゾーン２ｘに投入される。乾燥ゾーン２ｘでは、加熱炉３内を流通する燃焼排ガスＧによりコンベヤケーシング４の金属壁（鉄皮）を介して間接加熱され、乾燥汚泥Ｂが水蒸気を発生しつつ十分に乾燥される。なお、乾燥汚泥Ｂの含水率は通常２０％前後である。そして、乾燥ゾーン２ｘで乾燥された乾燥汚泥（絶乾物）Ｃは、リボンスクリュー６により円筒状コンベヤケーシング４内を後方の炭化ゾーン２ｙへ送られる。炭化ゾーン２ｙでは、乾燥汚泥Ｃが乾留・炭化されて乾留ガスを発生する。炭化ゾーン２ｙで炭化された汚泥炭化物Ｄは、リボンスクリュー６によりさらに後方（の賦活ゾーン２ｚ）へ送られる。賦活ゾーン２ｚでは、汚泥炭化物Ｄ自体が賦活に必要かつ十分な温度である８００℃以上に燃焼排ガスによって円筒状ケーシング４を介して間接加熱されるとともに、前方から送られてくる水蒸気および乾留ガスと接触し反応して活性化される。これにより、汚泥炭化物Ｄは表面に多数の細孔を有する活性炭化物Ｅになる。また、この賦活ゾーン２ｚにおいて、スクリュー６の外周縁部を円筒状ケーシング４の内壁に接触しながら回転するため、スケーリングの発生およびケーシング４の内壁などへの付着がなく、燃焼排ガスによる熱がコンベヤケーシング４の壁面およびリボンスクリュー６を伝導して炭化物Ｄに伝達され、間接加熱処理される。   First, regarding the production of the activated carbide E, the rear end portion side of the screw rotating shaft 5 is lowered by the air cylinder 11 and the outer peripheral edge portion of the ribbon screw 6 is brought into contact with the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4 in the activation zone 2z. Then, as shown in FIG. 1, the dried sludge B conveyed from the hopper 111 through the screw conveyor 112 and the chute 113 is charged into the drying zone 2 x in the screw conveyor 2 from the charging port 21. In the drying zone 2x, the flue gas G flowing in the heating furnace 3 is indirectly heated through the metal wall (iron skin) of the conveyor casing 4, and the dried sludge B is sufficiently dried while generating water vapor. The moisture content of the dried sludge B is usually around 20%. The dried sludge (absolutely dried product) C dried in the drying zone 2x is sent to the rear carbonization zone 2y through the cylindrical conveyor casing 4 by the ribbon screw 6. In the carbonization zone 2y, the dry sludge C is dry-distilled and carbonized to generate dry distillation gas. The sludge carbide D carbonized in the carbonization zone 2y is sent further backward (in the activation zone 2z) by the ribbon screw 6. In the activation zone 2z, the sludge carbide D itself is indirectly heated to 800 ° C. or higher, which is a necessary and sufficient temperature for activation, by the combustion exhaust gas through the cylindrical casing 4, and the steam and dry distillation gas sent from the front Activated by contact and reaction. Thereby, the sludge carbide | carbonized_material D turns into the activated carbide E which has many pores on the surface. Further, in this activation zone 2z, since the outer peripheral edge of the screw 6 rotates while contacting the inner wall of the cylindrical casing 4, there is no generation of scaling and adhesion to the inner wall of the casing 4, and the heat from the combustion exhaust gas is transferred to the conveyor. Conducted through the wall surface of the casing 4 and the ribbon screw 6 and transmitted to the carbide D, an indirect heat treatment is performed.

以上のようにして、乾燥汚泥Ｂから活性炭化物Ｅが製造され、後端の排出口２２から冷却コンベヤ１４１上に排出され、搬送の間に常温付近まで冷却される。そして、製品貯留サイロ（図示せず）に投入され、ここで貯留される。なお、炭化物製造装置１には、バーナ３２に給気するためのファン１４３および助燃材タンク１４４内の燃料をバーナ３２へ供給して噴射するための噴燃ポンプ（図示せず）が配備されている。   As described above, the activated carbide E is produced from the dried sludge B, discharged from the discharge port 22 at the rear end onto the cooling conveyor 141, and cooled to near room temperature during the conveyance. And it is thrown into a product storage silo (not shown) and stored here. The carbide manufacturing apparatus 1 is provided with a fan 143 for supplying air to the burner 32 and a fuel injection pump (not shown) for supplying the fuel in the auxiliary combustion material tank 144 to the burner 32 for injection. Yes.

つぎに、材料温度が５００℃程度の低温炭化物の製造に関しては、図２において前後のエアシリンダ１０・１１によりスクリュー回転軸５を上昇させ、リボンスクリュー６の羽根６ａの外周縁とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁（下面）とに、図４に示すように２０ｍｍ程度のクリアランスが生じるようにする。いいかえれば、２０ｍｍ程度のスケーリング層が形成されるようにする。なお、図４はコンベヤケーシング４内のスケーリング層と温度の関係を示す説明図であるが、同図に示すように、コンベヤケーシング４の外面温度が９５０℃、コンベヤケーシング４の内周壁面の雰囲気温度を３００℃と仮定し、汚泥Ｂへの伝熱は平面で行われ、またコンベヤケーシング４の伝熱抵抗は無視できるものとする。   Next, regarding the manufacture of low-temperature carbide having a material temperature of about 500 ° C., the screw rotating shaft 5 is raised by the front and rear air cylinders 10 and 11 in FIG. 2, and the outer peripheral edge of the blade 6 a of the ribbon screw 6 and the conveyor casing 4 A clearance of about 20 mm is generated on the inner peripheral wall (lower surface) as shown in FIG. In other words, a scaling layer of about 20 mm is formed. FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between the scaling layer in the conveyor casing 4 and the temperature. As shown in FIG. 4, the outer surface temperature of the conveyor casing 4 is 950 ° C., and the atmosphere on the inner peripheral wall surface of the conveyor casing 4 Assuming that the temperature is 300 ° C., heat transfer to the sludge B is performed on a flat surface, and the heat transfer resistance of the conveyor casing 4 is negligible.

ｔ１（外面温度）：９５０℃
ｔ２（内面温度）：３００℃
α１（コンベヤケーシング金属壁への表面熱伝導率）:１００００Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
α２（スケーリング層より内面への表面熱伝導率）:１０Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
δ０（コンベヤケーシング金属壁の厚さ）：１２ｍｍ
δ１（スケーリング層の厚さ）：２０ｍｍ
λ０（コンベヤケーシング金属壁の熱伝導率）：２８Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
λ１（スケーリング層の熱伝導率）：０.１Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ（表１参照）
Ｑ（放射熱量）＝（ｔ１−ｔ２）／Ｒ＝２１６２.９Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
Ｒ（伝熱抵抗）＝１／α１＋１／α２＋δ０／λ０＋δ１／λ１
＝０.３００５Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
t'２（スケーリング層表面温度;汚泥の温度）＝Ｑ／α２＋ｔ２＝５１６.３℃
このように、コンベヤケーシング４の後端部側の外面温度を９５０℃に保ったままで、２０ｍｍ程度の厚みのスケーリング層を形成すれば、スケーリング層による断熱効果で材料温度５００℃程度の低温炭化物を製造することができる。材料温度５００℃程度の低温炭化物はク溶性リン酸含有率が極めて高いので、肥料として非常に有効である。 t1 (outside surface temperature): 950 ° C.
t2 (inner surface temperature): 300 ° C
α1 (surface thermal conductivity to conveyor casing metal wall): 10000 W / m · k
α2 (surface thermal conductivity from the scaling layer to the inner surface): 10 W / m · k
δ0 (conveyor casing metal wall thickness): 12 mm
δ1 (scaling layer thickness): 20 mm
λ0 (thermal conductivity of conveyor casing metal wall): 28 W / m · k
λ1 (thermal conductivity of scaling layer): 0.1 W / m · k (see Table 1)
Q (radiant heat) = (t1-t2) /R=22162.9 W / m · k
R (heat transfer resistance) = 1 / α1 + 1 / α2 + δ0 / λ0 + δ1 / λ1
= 0.3005 W / m · k
t′2 (scaling layer surface temperature; sludge temperature) = Q / α2 + t2 = 516.3 ° C.
Thus, if a scaling layer having a thickness of about 20 mm is formed while the outer surface temperature on the rear end side of the conveyor casing 4 is maintained at 950 ° C., low-temperature carbide having a material temperature of about 500 ° C. can be formed by the heat insulating effect of the scaling layer. Can be manufactured. Low-temperature carbide having a material temperature of about 500 ° C. is extremely effective as a fertilizer because it has an extremely high content of soluble phosphonic acid.

Figure 2008013377
スケーリング層の熱伝導率（０.１Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ）は実測値であり、かなり高い断熱効果が得られることが分かる。
Figure 2008013377
 The thermal conductivity (0.1 W / m · k) of the scaling layer is an actually measured value, and it can be seen that a considerably high heat insulating effect can be obtained.

つぎに、材料温度が６００℃程度の低温炭化物の製造に関しては、前後のエアシリンダ１０・１１によりスクリュー回転軸５を下降させ、リボンスクリュー６の羽根６ａの外周縁とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁（下面）とに、３ｍｍ程度のクリアランスが生じるようにする。いいかえれば、３ｍｍ程度のスケーリング層が形成されるようにする。また、加熱炉３内の燃焼ガスの温度を７５０℃前後に下げる。ここでは、コンベヤケーシング４の外面温度が７００℃、コンベヤケーシング４の内周壁面の雰囲気温度を３００℃と仮定し、汚泥Ｂへの伝熱は平面で行われ、またコンベヤケーシング４の伝熱抵抗は無視できるものとする。   Next, regarding the manufacture of low-temperature carbide having a material temperature of about 600 ° C., the screw rotating shaft 5 is lowered by the front and rear air cylinders 10 and 11, and the outer peripheral edge of the blade 6 a of the ribbon screw 6 and the inner peripheral wall of the conveyor casing 4 ( A clearance of about 3 mm is generated on the lower surface. In other words, a scaling layer of about 3 mm is formed. Further, the temperature of the combustion gas in the heating furnace 3 is lowered to around 750 ° C. Here, it is assumed that the outer surface temperature of the conveyor casing 4 is 700 ° C., the atmospheric temperature of the inner peripheral wall surface of the conveyor casing 4 is 300 ° C., heat transfer to the sludge B is performed on a flat surface, and the heat transfer resistance of the conveyor casing 4 Can be ignored.

ｔ１（外面温度）：７００℃
ｔ２（内面温度）：３００℃
α１（コンベヤケーシング金属壁への表面熱伝導率）:１００００Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
α２（スケーリング層より内面への表面熱伝導率）:１０Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
δ０（コンベヤケーシング金属壁の厚さ）：１２ｍｍ
δ１（スケーリング層の厚さ）：３ｍｍ
λ０（コンベヤケーシング金属壁の熱伝導率）：２８Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
λ１（スケーリング層の熱伝導率）：０.１Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
Ｑ（放射熱量）＝（ｔ１−ｔ２）／Ｒ＝３０６４.５Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
Ｒ（伝熱抵抗）＝１／α１＋１／α２＋δ０／λ０＋δ１／λ１
＝０.１３０５Ｗ／ｍ・ｋ
t'２（スケーリング層表面温度;汚泥の温度）＝Ｑ／α２＋ｔ２＝６０６.４℃
このように、コンベヤケーシング４の後端部側の外面温度を７００℃に下げた場合でも、スケーリング層が３ｍｍ程度の厚みにしかならなけば、材料温度６００℃程度の低温炭化物が製造されることになる。一方、加熱炉３の制御温度は、９００℃〜９５０℃前後に設定するのが、排ガスがクリーンで、脱臭塔が不要であるなど設備面で有利であるうえに、加熱炉としての熱効率が高い。したがって、加熱炉を９００℃〜９５０℃前後で運転し、リボンスクリュー６の羽根６ａの外周縁とコンベヤケーシング４の内周壁（下面）とのクリアランスを調整して汚泥の温度を下げるのが有利である。 t1 (outside surface temperature): 700 ° C.
t2 (inner surface temperature): 300 ° C
α1 (surface thermal conductivity to conveyor casing metal wall): 10000 W / m · k
α2 (surface thermal conductivity from the scaling layer to the inner surface): 10 W / m · k
δ0 (conveyor casing metal wall thickness): 12 mm
δ1 (scaling layer thickness): 3 mm
λ0 (thermal conductivity of conveyor casing metal wall): 28 W / m · k
λ1 (thermal conductivity of scaling layer): 0.1 W / m · k
Q (radiant heat) = (t1-t2) /R=3064.5 W / m · k
R (heat transfer resistance) = 1 / α1 + 1 / α2 + δ0 / λ0 + δ1 / λ1
= 0.1305 W / m · k
t′2 (scaling layer surface temperature; sludge temperature) = Q / α2 + t2 = 606.4 ° C.
Thus, even when the outer surface temperature on the rear end side of the conveyor casing 4 is lowered to 700 ° C., low-temperature carbide having a material temperature of about 600 ° C. is produced if the scaling layer has a thickness of about 3 mm. become. On the other hand, the control temperature of the heating furnace 3 is set to around 900 ° C. to 950 ° C., which is advantageous in terms of equipment such as clean exhaust gas and unnecessary deodorization tower, and high thermal efficiency as a heating furnace. . Therefore, it is advantageous to operate the heating furnace at around 900 ° C. to 950 ° C. and adjust the clearance between the outer peripheral edge of the blade 6a of the ribbon screw 6 and the inner peripheral wall (lower surface) of the conveyor casing 4 to lower the sludge temperature. is there.

とくに、火力発電所の燃料として利用する場合には、揮発成分をできるだけ多く残した高カロリーの半炭化物を製造するのが望ましい。この場合、乾燥汚泥Ｂをコンベヤケーシング４内の全長にわたって１００℃程度で加熱し、よりカロリーの高い含水率０％の絶乾物を製造することができる。こうして製造した絶乾物は高カロリーであるが、汚泥臭が消えないことがあるので、需要者の要求に応じて材料温度を３００℃前後に上げて汚泥臭のない半炭化物を製造することができる。   In particular, when used as a fuel for a thermal power plant, it is desirable to produce a high-calorie semi-carbide that retains as much volatile components as possible. In this case, the dried sludge B can be heated at about 100 ° C. over the entire length of the conveyor casing 4 to produce an absolutely dry product having a higher calorie content and a moisture content of 0%. The absolute dry matter produced in this way is high in calories, but the sludge odor may not disappear, so the semi-carbide without the sludge odor can be produced by raising the material temperature to around 300 ° C. according to the demand of the customer. .

以上に本発明の炭化物製造装置の実施例を示したが、これに限定されるものではなく、例えば、電動モータ８に可変速モータを使用してスクリュー回転軸５の回転速度を変更可能な構成とすることができる。この場合、スクリュー回転軸５および供給機（スクリューコンベヤ）１１２の回転速度を上げれば、コンベヤケーシング４内へ投入される乾燥汚泥Ｂの投入量が増え、コンベヤケーシング４内の滞留時間が減少し、処理量が上がって材料温度を下げることができる。つまり、スケーリング層の厚みを調整することと、乾燥汚泥の処理量を変更することの、二つのパラメータを組み合わせれば、炭化物の材料温度を容易にかつ確実に制御できることになる。また、可動軸受け７・９に代えて一般的な軸受けを使用し、エアシリンダ等により昇降できるようにしてもよい。   Although the embodiment of the carbide manufacturing apparatus of the present invention has been described above, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the variable speed motor can be used as the electric motor 8 to change the rotational speed of the screw rotating shaft 5. It can be. In this case, if the rotational speed of the screw rotating shaft 5 and the feeder (screw conveyor) 112 is increased, the amount of dry sludge B introduced into the conveyor casing 4 increases, the residence time in the conveyor casing 4 decreases, Increases throughput and lowers material temperature. That is, if the two parameters of adjusting the thickness of the scaling layer and changing the treatment amount of the dried sludge are combined, the material temperature of the carbide can be controlled easily and reliably. Further, instead of the movable bearings 7 and 9, a general bearing may be used so that it can be moved up and down by an air cylinder or the like.

本発明に係る炭化物製造装置の実施例を概略的に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows roughly the Example of the carbide manufacturing apparatus which concerns on this invention. 図１の炭化物製造装置をより詳細に示す断面図である。It is sectional drawing which shows the carbide manufacturing apparatus of FIG. 1 in detail. 図３（ａ）は活性炭化物製造時のコンベヤケーシング内のリボンスクリュー６と回転軸５の関係を示す縦断面図とスケーリング層と温度の関係を示す説明図、図３（ｂ）は低温炭化物製造時のコンベヤケーシング内のリボンスクリュー６と回転軸５の関係を示す縦断面図とスケーリング層と温度の関係を示す説明図である。FIG. 3A is a longitudinal sectional view showing the relationship between the ribbon screw 6 and the rotating shaft 5 in the conveyor casing at the time of manufacturing the activated carbide, and an explanatory view showing the relationship between the scaling layer and the temperature, and FIG. It is explanatory drawing which shows the longitudinal cross-sectional view which shows the relationship between the ribbon screw 6 in the conveyor casing at the time, and the rotating shaft 5, and the relationship between a scaling layer and temperature. 上段はコンベヤケーシング内のリボンスクリュー６と回転軸５の関係を示す縦断面図、下段はスケーリング層と温度の関係を示す説明図である。The upper part is a longitudinal sectional view showing the relationship between the ribbon screw 6 and the rotating shaft 5 in the conveyor casing, and the lower part is an explanatory view showing the relationship between the scaling layer and the temperature.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 炭化物製造装置
２ スクリューコンベヤ
３ 加熱炉
４ 円筒状コンベヤケーシング
５ スクリュー回転軸
６ リボンスクリュー
７・９ 可動軸受け
８ 電動モータ
１０・１１ エアシリンダ(シリンダ装置）
２１ 原料投入口
２２ 製品排出口
２ｘ 乾燥ゾーン
２ｙ 炭化ゾーン
２ｚ 賦活ゾーン
３２ バーナ DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Carbide manufacturing apparatus 2 Screw conveyor 3 Heating furnace 4 Cylindrical conveyor casing 5 Screw rotating shaft 6 Ribbon screw 7.9 Movable bearing 8. Electric motor 10.11 Air cylinder (cylinder apparatus)
21 Raw material inlet 22 Product outlet 2x Drying zone 2y Carbonization zone 2z Activation zone 32 Burner

Claims (4)

円筒状コンベヤケーシング内の中心部軸方向にガス流路が形成されるようにリボンスクリューを配設したスクリューコンベヤを、加熱炉内の前後方向に貫通させて、上流部が乾燥ゾーン、中流部が炭化ゾーン、下流部が賦活ゾーンとなるように設け、前記乾燥ゾーンの前記加熱炉より前方に突出するスクリューコンベヤの端部に原料投入口を設けるとともに、前記賦活ゾーンの前記加熱炉より後方に突出するスクリューコンベヤの端部に製品排出口を設け、前記原料投入口より下水汚泥などの湿潤系有機性廃棄物を投入し、前記乾燥ゾーンで発生する水蒸気および前記炭化ゾーンで発生する乾留ガスを前記賦活ゾーンで炭化物に接触させて同炭化物を賦活・活性化させる炭化物製造装置において、
前記リボンスクリューの外径を前記円筒状コンベヤケーシングの内径よりも小さく形成するとともに、前記スクリュー回転軸を前記円筒状コンベヤケーシングに対し昇降可能に構成したことを特徴とする炭化物製造装置。 A screw conveyor, in which a ribbon screw is arranged so that a gas flow path is formed in the axial direction of the central part in the cylindrical conveyor casing, is penetrated in the front-rear direction in the heating furnace, the upstream part is the drying zone, and the middle stream part is The carbonization zone is provided so that the downstream part becomes the activation zone, and the raw material charging port is provided at the end of the screw conveyor that projects forward from the heating furnace in the drying zone, and the rear of the heating zone projects from the heating furnace. A product discharge port is provided at the end of the screw conveyor, wet organic waste such as sewage sludge is input from the raw material input port, and water vapor generated in the drying zone and dry distillation gas generated in the carbonization zone are In the carbide production device that activates and activates the carbide by contacting the carbide in the activation zone,
The carbide manufacturing apparatus characterized in that an outer diameter of the ribbon screw is formed smaller than an inner diameter of the cylindrical conveyor casing, and the screw rotating shaft is configured to be movable up and down with respect to the cylindrical conveyor casing. 前記スクリュー回転軸の回転速度を変更可能に構成した請求項１記載の炭化物製造装置。   The carbide manufacturing apparatus of Claim 1 comprised so that the rotational speed of the said screw rotating shaft was changeable. 前記スクリューコンベヤのスクリュー回転軸の両端部をそれぞれ前記円筒状コンベヤケーシングの外方へ突出させ、前記スクリュー回転軸の各突出部をシリンダ装置により昇降可能かつ回転可能に支持した請求項１または２記載の炭化物製造装置。   The both ends of the screw rotating shaft of the screw conveyor are respectively protruded outward of the cylindrical conveyor casing, and the protruding portions of the screw rotating shaft are supported by a cylinder device so as to be movable up and down and rotatable. Carbide production equipment. 前記スクリュー回転軸の軸方向の熱伸縮を許容する可動軸受けを介して同スクリュー回転軸の前記各突出部をシリンダ装置により昇降可能に支持した請求項３記載の炭化物製造装置。   The carbide manufacturing apparatus according to claim 3, wherein each of the protrusions of the screw rotation shaft is supported by a cylinder device via a movable bearing that allows thermal expansion and contraction in the axial direction of the screw rotation shaft.
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JP5691118B1 (en) * 2014-07-15 2015-04-01 株式会社エム・イ−・ティ− Activated carbon production apparatus and activated carbon production method
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