JP2008011795A - Method for producing pu-erh tea - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、独特のカビ臭さが低減され飲み易くしたプーアール茶の製造方法に関する。 The present invention relates to a method for producing pu-erh tea that has a unique moldy odor and is easy to drink.
プーアール茶は、紅茶などのように茶葉中に存在する酸化還元酵素ポリフェノールオキシターゼによる発酵ではなく、麹菌類による堆積発酵によりつくられる。このプーアール茶には、体脂肪を洗い流す効果(抗肥満作用)があるとされ、健康茶として注目されはじめている。市販飲料などにも混合され摂取されている。
しかしながら、従来のプーアール茶には、独特のカビ臭さがあって、飲用しにくいものであった。このカビ臭さをなくすために、堆積発酵された茶葉(プーアール茶)を高圧蒸気中に入れることによって殺菌する方法がある(特許文献1)。
しかし、この高圧蒸気中に入れて殺菌処理する方法では、プーアール茶の特徴として発酵菌が脂肪を分解する酵素をもち合わせていると言われていることよりすれば、プーアール茶の特徴である発酵菌が失われ、その特性が損なわれてしまうおそれがある。
However, conventional pu-erh tea has a unique musty odor and is difficult to drink. In order to eliminate this musty odor, there is a method of sterilization by putting tea leaves (pu-erh tea) subjected to sediment fermentation into high-pressure steam (Patent Document 1).
However, in the method of sterilizing by putting in this high-pressure steam, the fermentation which is a characteristic of Pu-erh tea is said that the fermentation fungus is said to have an enzyme that decomposes fat as a characteristic of Pu-erh tea. Bacteria may be lost and their properties may be impaired.
そこで、本発明の目的は、プーアール茶のもつ発酵菌を殺菌又は激減されることなく、カビ臭さを解消して飲み易くしたプーアール茶の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。 Then, the objective of this invention aims at providing the manufacturing method of the puer tea which eliminated the mold smell and was easy to drink, without sterilizing or drastically reducing the fermentative bacteria which puer tea has.
上記課題を解決するために、本発明者は堆積発酵茶葉に種々の酵素を作用させて試験したところ、酸化還元酵素がカビ臭さの低減に最も効果的であることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
即ち、本発明によるプーアール茶の製造方法は、堆積発酵茶葉を常圧の蒸気で処理し、この常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉に酸化還元酵素を添加して発酵させた後、加熱処理して前記酸化還元酵素による発酵を停止させ、次いで、乾燥させること、を特徴としている。
ここで、常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉100重量部に対して酸化還元酵素0.1〜2重量部を添加するとよい。
また、酸化還元酵素としてはポリフェノールオキシターゼが好ましい。
In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present inventor conducted various tests on sedimentation fermented tea leaves and found that the redox enzyme was most effective in reducing moldy odor and completed the present invention. did.
In other words, the method for producing puer tea according to the present invention comprises treating fermented tea leaves with normal-pressure steam, adding fermented redox enzyme to the fermented fermented tea leaves treated with normal-pressure steam, followed by heat treatment. Then, the fermentation by the oxidoreductase is stopped and then dried.
Here, it is good to add 0.1-2 weight part of oxidoreductases with respect to 100 weight part of sedimentation fermentation tea leaves processed with the normal pressure steam.
In addition, polyphenol oxidase is preferable as the oxidoreductase.
本発明によるプーアール茶の製造方法によれば、堆積発酵茶葉(原材料プーアール茶葉)を常圧の蒸気で処理するようにしたので、堆積発酵茶(プーアール茶)特有の菌が死滅又は激減することがない。
また、常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉に酸化還元酵素を添加して発酵させるようにすると、茶葉抽出液はプーアール茶独特のカビ臭さが低減され、また甘味も増して、飲み易くなる。
常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉100重量部に対して酸化還元酵素0.1〜2重量部添加するようにすれば、酸化還元酵素による発酵が十分に進み、またコスト的にも有利である。
酸化還元酵素として、ポリフェノールオキシターゼは、入手が容易である。
According to the method for producing puer tea according to the present invention, the accumulated fermented tea leaf (raw material puer tea leaf) is treated with steam at normal pressure, so that the fungus peculiar to the deposited fermented tea (puhr tea) may be killed or drastically reduced. Absent.
In addition, when oxidoreductase is added to the fermented fermented tea leaves treated with normal-pressure steam, the tea leaf extract will reduce the musty odor characteristic of Pu-erh tea and increase the sweetness, making it easier to drink. .
If 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of oxidoreductase is added to 100 parts by weight of the deposited fermented tea leaves treated with normal-pressure steam, fermentation by the oxidoreductase proceeds sufficiently and is advantageous in terms of cost. is there.
As a redox enzyme, polyphenol oxidase is easily available.
以下、本発明を実施するための最良の形態を具体的に説明する。本発明によるプーアール茶の製造方法は、堆積発酵茶葉を常圧の蒸気(水蒸気)で処理し、この常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉に酸化還元酵素を添加して発酵させた後、加熱処理して前記酸化還元酵素による発酵を停止させ、次いで、乾燥させる、ことからなる。 The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be specifically described below. The method for producing puer tea according to the present invention comprises treating fermented tea leaves with normal pressure steam (steam), adding fermented oxidoreductase to the fermented tea leaves treated with normal pressure steam, and then heating. Treatment to stop the fermentation by the oxidoreductase and then to dry.
常圧の蒸気(1気圧,100℃)で1〜10分程(例えば5分程度)堆積発酵茶葉を処理する。この程度の処理条件であれば、堆積発酵茶特有の発酵菌が死滅又は激減することはない。この処理により、堆積発酵茶葉の表面に付着したゴミやカビの一部が取り除かれて洗浄され、カビ臭さもやや低減する。 The deposited fermented tea leaves are treated with normal-pressure steam (1 atm, 100 ° C.) for about 1 to 10 minutes (for example, about 5 minutes). Under such treatment conditions, the fermenting bacteria peculiar to sedimentary fermented tea will not be killed or drastically reduced. By this treatment, a part of the dust and mold attached to the surface of the accumulated fermented tea leaves is removed and washed, and the mold odor is slightly reduced.
次に、常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉に酸化還元酵素を添加して発酵させる。より具体的には、常圧の蒸気で処理した堆積発酵茶葉(含水率5〜15%程度)100重量部に対して、酸化還元酵素0.1〜2重量部を添加して攪拌混合する。酸化還元酵素0.1重量部未満では、十分に発酵が進まない。2重量部を超えるとコストが上がって好ましくない。
ここで、酸化還元酵素としては、ポリフェノールオキシターゼが比較的入手が容易であり好ましい。
堆積発酵茶葉に酸化還元酵素を添加し、30〜70℃に保持して、ゆっくり攪拌しながら、発酵させる(保持温度、酸化還元酵素の添加量などの条件により異なるが、例えば30〜60分程、場合により1日)。酸化還元酵素は80℃以上で活性を失うので、それ以上の温度にしないこと。30℃未満では、発酵が遅く効率的でない。また70℃を超えると、活性を失い易くなる。
次いで、80〜90℃に加熱し、10〜30分程度保持して酸化還元酵素を死滅させ(活性を失わせ)、発酵を止める。
次いで、真空乾燥又は遠赤外線により乾燥処理(含水率2〜3%程度)して、プーアール茶を得る。
Next, oxidoreductase is added to the fermented fermented tea leaves treated with normal-pressure steam and fermented. More specifically, 0.1 to 2 parts by weight of oxidoreductase is added to 100 parts by weight of sedimented fermented tea leaves (water content of about 5 to 15%) treated with steam at normal pressure and mixed with stirring. If it is less than 0.1 parts by weight of oxidoreductase, fermentation does not proceed sufficiently. If it exceeds 2 parts by weight, the cost increases, which is not preferable.
Here, as the oxidoreductase, polyphenol oxidase is relatively easy to obtain and is preferable.
Add redox enzyme to sedimented fermented tea leaves, hold at 30-70 ° C., and ferment with slow stirring (depending on conditions such as holding temperature, added amount of redox enzyme, etc., for example, about 30-60 minutes) , In some cases 1 day). Since oxidoreductase loses its activity at 80 ° C or higher, do not raise the temperature further. Below 30 ° C, fermentation is slow and not efficient. Moreover, when it exceeds 70 degreeC, it will become easy to lose activity.
Subsequently, it heats to 80-90 degreeC, hold | maintains for about 10 to 30 minutes, kills oxidoreductase (it loses activity), and stops fermentation.
Subsequently, it is dried by vacuum drying or far-infrared rays (water content of about 2 to 3%) to obtain pu-erh tea.
以下、本発明の実施例を説明する。本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。
〔プーアール茶葉の製造〕
堆積発酵茶葉(原材料プーアール茶葉)に100℃、1気圧の蒸気を5分間作用させて、蒸気処理をした。
0.5gの酸化還元酵素(ポリフェノールオキシターゼ)(大和化成株式会社製、商品名ラッカーゼダイワ)を5mlの精製水に溶かして、酸化還元酵素含有水を調製した。この酸化還元酵素含有水をトレーに広げた45gの蒸気処理したプーアール茶葉に霧吹きを用いて噴霧して攪拌し、酸化還元酵素含有水がプーアール茶葉に均一に行き渡るようにした。これを50℃に保持したインキュベータに入れ、ゆっくり攪拌しながら、60分間発酵させた。
次いで、80℃に加熱して30分保持し、発酵を止めた。
次に、真空乾燥機で乾燥させ、含水率3%のプーアール茶葉41gを得た。
Examples of the present invention will be described below. The present invention is not limited to the following examples.
[Manufacture of puer tea leaves]
Steaming was performed by applying steam at 100 ° C. and 1 atmosphere for 5 minutes to the sedimentation fermented tea leaves (raw material Pu'er tea leaves).
0.5 g of oxidoreductase (polyphenol oxidase) (trade name Laccase Daiwa, manufactured by Daiwa Kasei Co., Ltd.) was dissolved in 5 ml of purified water to prepare oxidoreductase-containing water. This oxidoreductase-containing water was sprayed on a 45 g steam-treated Pu-erh tea leaf spread on a tray using a mist sprayer and stirred so that the oxidoreductase-containing water was evenly distributed over the Poor tea leaf. This was placed in an incubator maintained at 50 ° C. and fermented for 60 minutes with slow stirring.
Subsequently, it heated to 80 degreeC and hold | maintained for 30 minutes, and fermentation was stopped.
Next, it was dried with a vacuum dryer to obtain 41 g of Pu-erh tea leaves having a water content of 3%.
〔菌数の計測〕
原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)、高圧蒸気殺菌済プーアール茶葉(ティーライフ株式会社製、商品名ダイエットプーアール茶)(比較例2)、上記実施例により得たプーアール茶葉(実施例1)のそれぞれについて、以下の操作により菌数の計測を行った。
[Counting the number of bacteria]
About each of raw material puerh tea leaves (comparative example 1), high-pressure steam sterilized puerh tea leaves (trade name diet puerh tea made by Tea Life Co., Ltd.) (comparative example 2), and puer tea leaves obtained in the above examples (example 1) The number of bacteria was measured by the following operation.
原材料プーアール茶葉10gを測り、検体作成用ビニール袋に入れ、90mlの滅菌水を袋の中に入れ、入り口をテープでしっかり密封する。検体を破砕するため、すりこぎで袋ごとすりつぶす。
滅菌室中にて、袋からスポイトで1ml取り出し、滅菌水9mlの中に入れて100倍の検体液を作成する。この100倍の検体液からスポイトで1ml取り出し、滅菌水9mlの中に入れて1000倍の検体液を作成する。
Weigh 10 g of the raw material Pu'er tea leaves, put them in a plastic bag for specimen preparation, put 90 ml of sterilized water in the bag, and seal the entrance tightly with tape. To crush the specimen, grind the entire bag with a pestle.
In the sterilization chamber, 1 ml is taken out from the bag with a dropper and placed in 9 ml of sterilized water to make a 100-fold sample solution. Remove 1 ml of the 100-fold sample solution with a dropper and place it in 9 ml of sterilized water to make a 1000-fold sample solution.
原材料プーアール茶葉に替えて高圧蒸気殺菌済プーアール茶葉10g、実施例により得たプーアール茶葉10gを用いた他は上記と同様に操作して、それぞれ100倍、1000倍の検体液を作成した。 A 100-fold and 1000-fold specimen liquid was prepared in the same manner as above except that 10 g of the high pressure steam-sterilized puer tea leaves and 10 g of the puer tea leaves obtained in the examples were used instead of the raw material puer tea leaves.
各々の検体液から1mlを取り出しシャーレに分ける。各々3通り分作成する。標準寒天培地をシャーレに注ぎ、8の字状に揺らす。次いで、無菌室にて30分程静置し、培地が固まったならば蓋をして、シャーレを反転させ、インキュベータの中で30℃、48時間培養する。
48時間経過後取り出し、菌数の計測をコロニーカウンターにて行い、3通りよりの平均値を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
Remove 1 ml from each sample solution and divide into petri dishes. Create three patterns each. Pour the standard agar medium into a petri dish and shake it in the shape of figure 8. Next, it is allowed to stand for about 30 minutes in a sterile room. When the medium is solidified, it is covered, the petri dish is inverted, and cultured in an incubator at 30 ° C. for 48 hours.
After 48 hours, the cells were taken out and the number of bacteria was measured with a colony counter, and the average value from three values was obtained. The results are shown in Table 1.
表1から分かるように、原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)に比べ高圧蒸気殺菌済プーアール茶葉(比較例2)では、菌数が激減している。これに対し、実施例によるプーアール茶葉(実施例1)では、原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)に比べ菌数が多少減少しているものの、激減してはいない。このことから、実施例によるプーアール茶葉では、プーアール茶葉の特徴である発酵菌を激減させることがないことが分かる。 As can be seen from Table 1, the number of bacteria is drastically reduced in the high pressure steam-sterilized Puer tea leaves (Comparative Example 2) compared to the raw material Puer tea leaves (Comparative Example 1). On the other hand, in the puer tea leaves according to the examples (Example 1), although the number of bacteria is somewhat reduced as compared with the raw material puer tea leaves (Comparative Example 1), it is not drastically reduced. From this, it can be seen that the Puer tea leaves according to the examples do not drastically reduce the fermenting bacteria that are characteristic of the Puhr tea leaves.
〔官能テスト〕
原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)、原材料プーアール茶葉を2気圧の蒸気で15分間処理(高圧蒸気殺菌処理)し乾燥させて得たプーアール茶葉(比較例3)、実施例によるプーアール茶葉(実施例1)について、それぞれ3gを採り、200mlの熱湯(95℃)を注ぎ、2分間放置した後ろ過し、得られたろ液(茶葉抽出液)を官能テストの試料とした。そして、無作為に抽出した17名のテスターに評価してもらった。
[Sensory test]
Raw material Pu-erh tea leaves (Comparative Example 1), Raw material Pu-erh tea leaves treated with steam at 2 atmospheres (high-pressure steam sterilization treatment) for 15 minutes and dried, Pu-erh tea leaves (Comparative Example 3), Pu-erh tea leaves according to Examples (Example 1) 3), 200 ml of hot water (95 ° C.) was poured, and the mixture was allowed to stand for 2 minutes and filtered. The obtained filtrate (tea leaf extract) was used as a sample for a sensory test. Then, 17 testers randomly selected were evaluated.
原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)の茶葉抽出液については、カビ臭、甘味、飲み易さについて評価した。その結果を表2に示す。 About the tea leaf extract of raw material puerh tea leaves (comparative example 1), mold smell, sweetness, and ease of drinking were evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
表2から分かるように、原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)の茶葉抽出液は、概ね、カビ臭があり、甘味はなく、飲みにくい、という評価であった。 As can be seen from Table 2, the tea leaf extract of the raw material Pu'er tea leaves (Comparative Example 1) was generally evaluated as having a musty odor, no sweetness, and difficult to drink.
実施例1、比較例3の茶葉抽出液については、原材料プーアール茶葉(比較例1)の抽出液を基準として表3に示すように評価してもらった。その結果を表4に示す。 The tea leaf extracts of Example 1 and Comparative Example 3 were evaluated as shown in Table 3 with reference to the extract of the raw material Puer tea leaves (Comparative Example 1). The results are shown in Table 4.
表4に示した結果から、カビ臭については、実施例1、比較例1ともに「薄くなっている」(C)と感じた人が多く、改善されている。甘味については、比較例3より実施例1の方が甘味をより強く感じた人(C)が多かった。飲み易さについては、比較例3より実施例1の方が飲み易い(C)と感じた人が多かった。
このことから、実施例1による茶葉抽出液は、比較例3に比べ、甘味がより強く感じられ、より飲み易くなっていることが分かる。
From the results shown in Table 4, there were many people who felt that the mold odor was “thinned” (C) in both Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 and was improved. Regarding sweetness, more people (C) felt that sweetness was stronger in Example 1 than in Comparative Example 3. Regarding ease of drinking, there were many people who felt that Example 1 was easier to drink (C) than Comparative Example 3.
From this, it can be seen that the tea leaf extract according to Example 1 has a stronger sweetness and is easier to drink than Comparative Example 3.
以上のことから、実施例によるプーアール茶葉は、カビ臭が薄く、甘味が感じられ、飲み易く、しかも、プーアール茶の特徴である発酵菌の減少も抑えられており、プーアール茶のもつ抗肥満作用も期待できることが分かる。 From the above, the Pu-erh tea leaves according to the examples have a mild moldy odor, feel sweet, are easy to drink, and suppress the reduction of fermentative bacteria, which is characteristic of Pu-erh tea. You can also expect.
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JP2011223999A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-11-10 | Earth Tea Llc | Method for producing tea |
CN102342334A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-08 | 朱向东 | Novel processing method for puer tea |
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US20110064851A1 (en) * | 2008-03-28 | 2011-03-17 | Masumi Takemoto | Method of producing fermented tea drink rich in theaflavins |
JP2011223999A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2011-11-10 | Earth Tea Llc | Method for producing tea |
JP2013255522A (en) * | 2010-03-31 | 2013-12-26 | Earth Tea Llc | Method for producing tea |
CN102342334A (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2012-02-08 | 朱向东 | Novel processing method for puer tea |
CN102342334B (en) * | 2010-08-05 | 2013-04-24 | 朱向东 | Novel processing method for puer tea |
CN104186740A (en) * | 2014-07-23 | 2014-12-10 | 宋锦谋 | Tea processing method |
CN109843074A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2019-06-04 | 荷兰联合利华有限公司 | Method for producing leaf tea product |
JP2019524143A (en) * | 2016-08-15 | 2019-09-05 | ユニリーバー・ナームローゼ・ベンノートシヤープ | Method for producing leaf tea products |
CN107080008A (en) * | 2017-06-21 | 2017-08-22 | 云南农业大学 | A kind of natural pile fermentation of golden flower Pu'er cooked teas loose tea is grown dim method |
CN113796426A (en) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-17 | 云南中吉号茶业有限公司 | Raw Pu' er tea 5321 blending method |
CN113973936A (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2022-01-28 | 云南昆船设计研究院有限公司 | Method for removing pile taste of tea after pile fermentation by using vacuum negative pressure condition |
CN113973936B (en) * | 2021-11-05 | 2024-04-30 | 云南昆船设计研究院有限公司 | Method for removing tea pile flavor after pile fermentation by utilizing vacuum negative pressure condition |
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