JP2008008772A - Weather forecasting system - Google Patents

Weather forecasting system Download PDF

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JP2008008772A
JP2008008772A JP2006179789A JP2006179789A JP2008008772A JP 2008008772 A JP2008008772 A JP 2008008772A JP 2006179789 A JP2006179789 A JP 2006179789A JP 2006179789 A JP2006179789 A JP 2006179789A JP 2008008772 A JP2008008772 A JP 2008008772A
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weather prediction
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Fumihiko Mizutani
文彦 水谷
Ryuichi Muto
隆一 武藤
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Toshiba Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide highly reliable weather forecasting information. <P>SOLUTION: A weather forecasting model operation part 14 is activated when data on which weather forecasting is based, is stored in an observation data storage part 13. The weather forecasting model operation part 14 is previously provided with a set of a plurality of different operation parameters, selects appropriate operation parameters according to forecasting time, and performs weather forecasting operations. Determined weather forecasting data is stored in a forecasting data storage part 15. When new observation data is inputted to the observation data storage part 13, the weather forecasting model operation part 14 is activated again to execute weather forecasting operations again for correcting deviations between observation and forecasting. At this time, the weather forecasting model operation part 14 selects operation parameters different from ones used before and performs weather forecasting operations. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2008,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、例えば、気象レーダ等で得られる観測データをもとに気象予測データを演算し提供する気象予測システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a weather prediction system that calculates and provides weather prediction data based on observation data obtained by, for example, a weather radar.

従来の気象予測システムでは、気象レーダ等で得られる観測データや気象庁から提供されるGPV(Grid Point Value)データ等を用いて大気の流れを計算することで気象予測を行っている。気象予測情報は、人々にとって身近であると同時に、台風や集中豪雨等のように生命や財産に関わる重要な情報であるため、予測データの信頼性の向上が図られている。例えば、予測データの精度を継続的に維持できるようにする手法や、予測データの演算処理にかかる時間を短縮するとともに障害に対する堅牢性を高める手法が提案されている(例えば、特許文献1又は2を参照。)。
特開2004−109001号公報 特開2003−090888号公報
In a conventional weather prediction system, weather prediction is performed by calculating the atmospheric flow using observation data obtained by a weather radar or the like, or GPV (Grid Point Value) data provided by the Japan Meteorological Agency. Weather forecast information is not only familiar to people but also important information related to life and property, such as typhoons and torrential rains, so that the reliability of forecast data is improved. For example, a technique for continuously maintaining the accuracy of the prediction data and a technique for reducing the time required for the calculation processing of the prediction data and increasing the robustness against the failure have been proposed (for example, Patent Document 1 or 2). See).
JP 2004-109001 A JP 2003-090888 A

ところで、気象予測情報は、あくまでも予測に過ぎず、時間的・空間的ずれを伴う不確実性を有する。つまり、当たる場合もあるが、当たらない場合もある。しかし、予測情報の価値は存在する。例えば、集中豪雨の発生の可能性が事前に予測されていれば、たとえその可能性が低くとも十分に価値ある情報となる。つまり、情報提供の仕方によって、その情報の価値が左右される。   By the way, the weather prediction information is only a prediction, and has uncertainties accompanied by temporal and spatial deviations. In other words, there are cases where you win, but there are cases where you do not. However, the value of prediction information exists. For example, if the possibility of the occurrence of torrential rain is predicted in advance, the information is sufficiently valuable even if the possibility is low. In other words, the value of the information depends on how the information is provided.

この発明は上記事情に着目してなされたもので、その目的とするところは、信頼性の高い気象予測情報を提供することができる気象予測システムを提供することにある。   The present invention has been made paying attention to the above circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide a weather prediction system that can provide highly reliable weather prediction information.

上記目的を達成するためにこの発明に係わる気象予測システムは、気象予測モデルを用いて定期的に気象予測を行う気象予測システムにおいて、気象要素の観測データを入力する入力手段と、前記気象予測モデルに前記観測データを同化して気象予測を行う予測手段と、前記予測手段の演算に用いる演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じて変更するパラメータ制御手段とを具備することを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above object, a weather prediction system according to the present invention comprises a weather prediction system for periodically forecasting weather using a weather prediction model, an input means for inputting observation data of weather elements, and the weather prediction model. And a prediction means for assimilating the observation data to perform weather prediction, and a parameter control means for changing a calculation parameter used for calculation of the prediction means according to a prediction time.

また、この発明に係わる気象予測方法は、気象予測モデルを用いて定期的に気象予測を行う気象予測システムに用いられ、気象要素の観測データを入力する入力ステップと、前記気象予測モデルに前記観測データを同化して気象予測を行う予測ステップと、前記予測ステップの演算に用いる演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じて変更するパラメータ制御ステップとを具備することを特徴とする。   The weather prediction method according to the present invention is used in a weather prediction system that periodically performs weather prediction using a weather prediction model, and includes an input step of inputting observation data of a weather element, and the observation in the weather prediction model. The method includes a prediction step of assimilating data and performing weather prediction, and a parameter control step of changing a calculation parameter used for calculation of the prediction step according to a prediction time.

上記構成による気象予測システム及び気象予測方法では、例えば、予め複数の異なる演算パラメータセットを備え、予測時刻に応じて適切な演算パラメータを選択して気象予測計算を行うようにする。このように気象予測の演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じてフレキシブルに変化させることで、常に高精度な気象予測が可能となる。   In the weather prediction system and the weather prediction method configured as described above, for example, a plurality of different calculation parameter sets are provided in advance, and an appropriate calculation parameter is selected according to the prediction time to perform the weather prediction calculation. In this way, weather calculation calculation parameters can be flexibly changed according to the prediction time, so that highly accurate weather prediction can always be performed.

したがってこの発明によれば、信頼性の高い気象予測情報を提供することができる気象予測システムを提供することができる。   Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to provide a weather prediction system capable of providing highly reliable weather prediction information.

以下、図面を参照しながら本発明の実施の形態を詳細に説明する。
図1は、本発明に係わる気象予測システムの一実施形態を示すブロック構成図である。この気象予測システム1は、ネットワークNTを介して気象庁データサーバDS0、及びレーダサイトサーバDS1,DS2に接続されている。気象予測システム1は、ネットワークNTと接続される通信インターフェース12と、通信処理部11と、観測データ格納部13と、気象予測モデル演算部14と、予測データ格納部15と、予測データ解析部16とを備える。
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing an embodiment of a weather prediction system according to the present invention. The weather prediction system 1 is connected to the Japan Meteorological Agency data server DS0 and the radar site servers DS1 and DS2 via the network NT. The weather prediction system 1 includes a communication interface 12 connected to the network NT, a communication processing unit 11, an observation data storage unit 13, a weather prediction model calculation unit 14, a prediction data storage unit 15, and a prediction data analysis unit 16. With.

通信処理部11は、気象庁データサーバDS0やレーダサイトサーバDS1,DS2で気象予測のもとになる観測データ・予測データ(GPVデータ)をネットワークNTを介して入手する。この通信処理部11で入手された気象観測データは観測データ格納部13に格納され、気象予測モデル演算部14からの要求に応じて選択的に気象予測モデル演算部14に送られる。   The communication processing unit 11 obtains observation data / prediction data (GPV data), which is a basis for weather prediction, through the network NT by the Japan Meteorological Agency data server DS0 and the radar site servers DS1, DS2. The weather observation data obtained by the communication processing unit 11 is stored in the observation data storage unit 13 and selectively sent to the weather prediction model calculation unit 14 in response to a request from the weather prediction model calculation unit 14.

気象予測モデル演算部14は、気象予測のもととなるデータが観測データ格納部13に格納されると起動する。気象予測モデル演算部14は、予め複数の異なる演算パラメータセットを備え、予測時刻に応じて適切な演算パラメータを選択して気象予測演算を行う。求められた気象予測データは予測データ格納部15に記憶される。また、観測データ格納部13に新たな観測データが入力されると、気象予測モデル演算部14は再び起動し、観測と予測のズレを補正するために気象予測演算を再実行する。その際には、以前用いた演算パラメータとは異なる演算パラメータを選択して気象予測演算を行う。   The weather prediction model calculation unit 14 is activated when the data that is the basis of the weather prediction is stored in the observation data storage unit 13. The weather prediction model calculation unit 14 includes a plurality of different calculation parameter sets in advance, and selects an appropriate calculation parameter according to the prediction time to perform the weather prediction calculation. The obtained weather forecast data is stored in the forecast data storage unit 15. In addition, when new observation data is input to the observation data storage unit 13, the weather prediction model calculation unit 14 starts again and re-executes the weather prediction calculation in order to correct the difference between the observation and the prediction. At that time, a weather prediction calculation is performed by selecting a calculation parameter different from the calculation parameter used before.

予測データ解析部16は、気象予測モデル演算部14から出力される複数の予測時刻における予測データをもとに所定の地点の予測解析を行い、この解析結果に基づいて気象予測情報を提供するための表示用データを作成する。そして、作成された表示用データをモニタ等に出力する。   The prediction data analysis unit 16 performs prediction analysis of a predetermined point based on prediction data at a plurality of prediction times output from the weather prediction model calculation unit 14 and provides weather prediction information based on the analysis result. Create display data for. Then, the created display data is output to a monitor or the like.

ここで、気象予測モデル演算部14における気象予測演算処理の手順について説明する。図2は、気象予測演算処理の手法を示す図である。この例では、演算パラメータの1つである気象予測モデルの初期値を予測時間に応じて変更する。
気象庁データサーバDS0は、12時間毎に水平20kmメッシュの気象予測計算結果(RSM:Regional Spectral Model)を提供している。気象予測モデル演算部14は、RSMが到来すると、このRSMを気象予測モデルの初期値として51時間先までの気象予測演算を開始する(Run1)。
Here, the procedure of the weather prediction calculation process in the weather prediction model calculation part 14 is demonstrated. FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating a method of weather prediction calculation processing. In this example, the initial value of the weather prediction model, which is one of the calculation parameters, is changed according to the prediction time.
The Japan Meteorological Agency data server DS0 provides a weather prediction calculation result (RSM: Regional Spectral Model) with a horizontal 20 km mesh every 12 hours. When the RSM arrives, the weather prediction model calculation unit 14 starts the weather prediction calculation up to 51 hours ahead using this RSM as the initial value of the weather prediction model (Run 1).

例えば3時間後にRun1が完了すると、レーダサイトデータサーバDS1,DS2から定期的に得られる雨量・風速等の観測データを気象予測モデルに同化して、3時間後から51時間後までの気象予測演算を行う(Run2)。これは、一般的に“データ同化”と呼ばれ、観測値を気象予測モデルに同化させて予測値と整合をとることによって、予測計算の精度を向上させることができる。   For example, when Run1 is completed after 3 hours, observation data such as rainfall and wind speed periodically obtained from radar site data servers DS1 and DS2 is assimilated into a weather prediction model, and weather prediction calculation from 3 hours to 51 hours later (Run2). This is generally called “data assimilation”, and the accuracy of the prediction calculation can be improved by assimilating the observed value into the weather prediction model and matching it with the predicted value.

さて、Run2が完了すると、Run2の結果を初期値として6時間後から51時間先までの気象予測演算を開始する(Run3)。従来の予測演算は、気象庁から1日2回配信されるRSMを初期値としていたため、予測先時間が長くなるにつれて初期値による誤差が大きく、観測値との一致に時間がかかっていた。このように、データ同化を行った予測結果を次回の計算の際の初期値として用いることで、初期値による誤差を低減し、短時間で精度良く気象予測演算を行うことが可能となる。   Now, when Run 2 is completed, the weather prediction calculation from 6 hours to 51 hours ahead is started with the result of Run 2 as an initial value (Run 3). Since the conventional prediction calculation uses RSM delivered twice a day from the Japan Meteorological Agency as an initial value, the error due to the initial value increases as the prediction destination time becomes longer, and it takes time to match the observed value. As described above, by using the prediction result obtained by performing the data assimilation as an initial value in the next calculation, it is possible to reduce the error due to the initial value and perform the weather prediction calculation with high accuracy in a short time.

同様にRun3の完了後、Run3の結果を初期値として9時間後から51時間先までの気象予測演算を行う(Run4)。そして、12時間後には次のRSMが到来し、このRSMを気象予測モデルの初期値として51時間先までの気象予測演算を開始する(Run5)。   Similarly, after completion of Run 3, the weather prediction calculation from 9 hours to 51 hours ahead is performed using the result of Run 3 as an initial value (Run 4). Then, after 12 hours, the next RSM arrives, and this RSM is used as the initial value of the weather prediction model to start the weather prediction calculation up to 51 hours ahead (Run 5).

次に、このように得られた気象予測データの提供方法について説明する。図3は、予測データ解析部16の処理手順を示す図である。
ステップS31において、特定地点・特定時間の複数モデルの演算結果を取得する。ステップS32において、まず複数モデルの演算結果の標準偏差σを算出し、誤差データの除去を行う。例えば、正規分布に当てはめて、6σ以上離れた許容範囲外のデータを除去する。そして、誤差データを除去した後のデータからステップS33では最大値・最小値を算出し、ステップS34では平均値を算出する。また、ステップS35において、誤差データを除去した後のデータをもとに加重平均を算出する。例えば、後に計算されたデータほど重み付けするようにする。そして、ステップS36においてこれらの解析計算の結果をモニタ等に表示するための表示用データを作成する。この表示用データをもとに表示される画面構成の一例を図4に示す。
Next, a method for providing the weather forecast data obtained in this way will be described. FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating a processing procedure of the prediction data analysis unit 16.
In step S31, calculation results of a plurality of models at specific points and specific times are acquired. In step S32, first, a standard deviation σ of calculation results of a plurality of models is calculated, and error data is removed. For example, by applying a normal distribution, data outside the allowable range separated by 6σ or more is removed. Then, the maximum value / minimum value is calculated in step S33 from the data after the error data is removed, and the average value is calculated in step S34. In step S35, a weighted average is calculated based on the data after removing the error data. For example, data calculated later is weighted. In step S36, display data for displaying the results of these analysis calculations on a monitor or the like is created. An example of a screen configuration displayed based on the display data is shown in FIG.

以上のように上記実施形態では、気象予測に用いる演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じてフレキシブルに変更することで常に高精度な気象予測が可能となる。さらに、複数の予測時刻における予測データについて統計処理を行い、その統計結果を提供している。これにより、予測情報の不確実性をできる限り排して、気象予測データから得られる情報を的確に提供することができる。このような情報の提供により、住民の避難誘導や、ダム放水の運用・都市下水道のポンプ場運転など、気象現象の危険度判断を必要とするユーザに対し、判断を支援する信頼性の高い気象情報を提供することができる。   As described above, in the above embodiment, highly accurate weather prediction is always possible by flexibly changing the calculation parameters used for weather prediction according to the prediction time. Furthermore, statistical processing is performed on prediction data at a plurality of prediction times, and the statistical results are provided. Thereby, the uncertainty obtained from the prediction information can be eliminated as much as possible, and the information obtained from the weather prediction data can be provided accurately. By providing such information, reliable weather that supports judgment for users who need to judge the risk level of weather phenomena, such as evacuation of residents, dam drainage operation, urban sewer pumping station operation, etc. Information can be provided.

なお、この発明は、上記実施形態そのままに限定されるものではなく、実施段階ではその要旨を逸脱しない範囲で構成要素を変形して具体化できる。また、上記実施形態に開示されている複数の構成要素の適宜な組み合せにより種々の発明を形成できる。例えば、実施形態に示される全構成要素から幾つかの構成要素を削除してもよい。さらに、異なる実施形態に亘る構成要素を適宜組み合せてもよい。   Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment as it is, and can be embodied by modifying the constituent elements without departing from the scope of the invention in the implementation stage. Further, various inventions can be formed by appropriately combining a plurality of constituent elements disclosed in the embodiment. For example, some components may be deleted from all the components shown in the embodiment. Furthermore, you may combine suitably the component covering different embodiment.

本発明に係わる気象予測システムの一実施形態を示すブロック構成図。The block block diagram which shows one Embodiment of the weather prediction system concerning this invention. 気象予測演算処理の手法を示す図。The figure which shows the method of a weather forecast calculation process. 気象予測システムにおける予測データ解析部の処理手順を示す図。The figure which shows the process sequence of the prediction data analysis part in a weather prediction system. 気象予測システムから提供される表示用データをもとに表示される画面構成の一例を示す図。The figure which shows an example of the screen structure displayed based on the data for a display provided from a weather prediction system.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1…気象予測システム、11…通信処理部、12…通信インターフェース、13…観測データ格納部、14…気象予測モデル演算部、15…予測データ格納部、16…予測データ解析部、NT…ネットワーク、DS0…気象データサーバ、DS1,DS2…レーダサイトデータサーバ。   DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 ... Weather prediction system, 11 ... Communication processing part, 12 ... Communication interface, 13 ... Observation data storage part, 14 ... Weather prediction model calculating part, 15 ... Prediction data storage part, 16 ... Prediction data analysis part, NT ... Network, DS0: Weather data server, DS1, DS2 ... Radar site data server.

Claims (9)

気象予測モデルを用いて定期的に気象予測を行う気象予測システムにおいて、
気象要素の観測データを入力する入力手段と、
前記気象予測モデルに前記観測データを同化して気象予測を行う予測手段と、
前記予測手段の演算に用いる演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じて変更するパラメータ制御手段と
を具備することを特徴とする気象予測システム。
In a weather forecasting system that regularly forecasts weather using a weather forecasting model,
An input means for inputting observation data of meteorological elements;
Prediction means for assimilating the observation data into the weather prediction model to perform weather prediction;
A weather prediction system comprising: parameter control means for changing calculation parameters used for calculation by the prediction means according to a prediction time.
前記パラメータ制御手段は、前記演算パラメータとして前記予測時刻より前の予測時刻の気象予測結果を用いることを特徴とする請求項1記載の気象予測システム。   The weather prediction system according to claim 1, wherein the parameter control unit uses a weather prediction result at a prediction time before the prediction time as the calculation parameter. 前記複数の予測時刻の気象予測データについて統計をとる統計処理手段をさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項1記載の気象予測システム。   2. The weather prediction system according to claim 1, further comprising statistical processing means for taking statistics on the weather prediction data at the plurality of prediction times. 前記統計処理手段は、予め前記複数の予測時刻の気象予測データを正規分布に当てはめて許容範囲外のデータを除き統計をとることを特徴とする請求項3記載の気象予測システム。   4. The weather prediction system according to claim 3, wherein the statistical processing means applies the weather prediction data at the plurality of prediction times to a normal distribution in advance and takes statistics except for data outside the allowable range. 前記統計処理手段は、前記複数の予測時刻の気象予測データの最大値及び最小値の少なくともいずれか一方を求め、前記統計結果として出力することを特徴とする請求項3記載の気象予測システム。   4. The weather prediction system according to claim 3, wherein the statistical processing unit obtains at least one of a maximum value and a minimum value of the weather prediction data at the plurality of prediction times and outputs the statistical result as the statistical result. 前記統計処理手段は、前記予測時刻に応じて重み付けして前記複数の予測時刻の気象予測データの加重平均を求め、前記統計結果として出力することを特徴とする請求項3記載の気象予測システム。   4. The weather prediction system according to claim 3, wherein the statistical processing means obtains a weighted average of the weather prediction data at the plurality of prediction times by weighting according to the prediction time, and outputs the weighted average. 気象予測モデルを用いて定期的に気象予測を行う気象予測システムに用いられ、
気象要素の観測データを入力する入力ステップと、
前記気象予測モデルに前記観測データを同化して気象予測を行う予測ステップと、
前記予測ステップの演算に用いる演算パラメータを予測時刻に応じて変更するパラメータ制御ステップと
を具備することを特徴とする気象予測方法。
Used in weather forecasting systems that regularly forecast weather using a weather forecasting model,
An input step for inputting the observation data of the weather element;
A prediction step of assimilating the observation data into the weather prediction model and performing weather prediction;
And a parameter control step of changing a calculation parameter used for the calculation in the prediction step according to a predicted time.
前記パラメータ制御ステップは、前記演算パラメータとして前記予測時刻より前の予測時刻の気象予測結果を用いることを特徴とする請求項7記載の気象予測方法。   The weather prediction method according to claim 7, wherein the parameter control step uses a weather prediction result at a prediction time before the prediction time as the calculation parameter. 前記複数の予測時刻の気象予測データについて統計をとる統計処理ステップをさらに具備することを特徴とする請求項7記載の気象予測方法。   The weather prediction method according to claim 7, further comprising a statistical processing step of collecting statistics on the weather prediction data at the plurality of prediction times.
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