JP2007313486A - NOx還元触媒、NOx還元触媒システム、及びNOx還元方法 - Google Patents
NOx還元触媒、NOx還元触媒システム、及びNOx還元方法 Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007313486A JP2007313486A JP2006148800A JP2006148800A JP2007313486A JP 2007313486 A JP2007313486 A JP 2007313486A JP 2006148800 A JP2006148800 A JP 2006148800A JP 2006148800 A JP2006148800 A JP 2006148800A JP 2007313486 A JP2007313486 A JP 2007313486A
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- nox
- reduction catalyst
- nox reduction
- catalyst
- component
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 202
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 10
- 229910021536 Zeolite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000010457 zeolite Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 229910052783 alkali metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 150000001340 alkali metals Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052720 vanadium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 48
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 40
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 20
- 229910018072 Al 2 O 3 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N ZrO Inorganic materials [Zr]=O GEIAQOFPUVMAGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract 2
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 430
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 83
- 238000006722 reduction reaction Methods 0.000 description 74
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 20
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 13
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 12
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 7
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N urea;hydrate Chemical compound O.NC(N)=O WTHDKMILWLGDKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);dinitrate Chemical compound [Fe+2].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O MVFCKEFYUDZOCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Urea Chemical compound NC(N)=O XSQUKJJJFZCRTK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003546 flue gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000006408 oxalic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002912 waste gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric acid Chemical compound O[N+]([O-])=O GRYLNZFGIOXLOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910017604 nitric acid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003868 ammonium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L barium acetate Chemical compound [Ba+2].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O ITHZDDVSAWDQPZ-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonaoxidotritungsten Chemical compound O=[W]1(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O[W](=O)(=O)O1 QGLKJKCYBOYXKC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052707 ruthenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
【解決手段】 処理ガス中のNOxを還元するNOx還元触媒5であって、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ゼオライト等から成る酸化物を含む触媒担体と、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及び希土類等から成るNOx吸着成分と、V、Fe、Ce、La等から成るNOx浄化成分と、を含むことを特徴とするNOx還元触媒5。
【選択図】図1
Description
例えば、鉄及びランタンによってイオン交換化されたβ型ゼオライトを含むSCR触媒を用いて、ディーゼルエンジンの排ガス中に含まれるNOxをN2に還元する技術が開示されている(特許文献1参照)。
処理ガス中のNOxを還元するNOx還元触媒であって、酸化物を含む触媒担体と、NOx吸着成分と、NOx浄化成分と、を含むことを特徴とするNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
前記酸化物としては、例えば、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ゼオライト等が挙げられる。これらのうちのいずれかを単独で用いても、また、2種以上の組み合わせを用いてもよい。
(2)請求項2の発明は、
前記NOx吸着成分が偏在するA層と、前記NOx浄化成分が偏在するB層と、を含む層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(3)請求項3の発明は、
前記NOx吸着成分が偏在する上流部と、前記NOx浄化成分が偏在する下流部とが、前記処理ガスの流れ方向に沿って順次配置された構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
本発明のNOx還元触媒は、例えば、図3に示すように、別々の基材7の表面にそれぞれ、下流部11の触媒層9と、上流部15の触媒層13とを形成したものであって、下流部11と上流部15とが別体であってもよいし、あるいは、単一の基材の表面を区分し、そこに上流部と下流部とを形成したものであってもよい。
(4)請求項4の発明は、
NOx還元触媒全体における前記NOx吸着成分と前記NOx浄化成分との重量比が、1:0.1〜20の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(5)請求項5の発明は、
前記NOx吸着成分が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及び希土類から成る群から選択されるものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(6)請求項6の発明は、
前記NOx浄化成分が、V、Fe、Ce、Laから成る群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(7)請求項7の発明は、
前記酸化物が、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ゼオライトから成る群から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(8)請求項8の発明は、
自動車の排ガス浄化の用途に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を要旨とする。
(9)請求項9の発明は、
請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒と、前記NOx還元触媒に供給される前記処理ガスにアンモニア源を添加するアンモニア源添加手段と、を備えることを特徴とするNOx還元触媒システムを要旨とする。
前記アンモニア源添加手段は、アンモニア源を処理ガスに添加できるものであれば広く該当し、例えば、アンモニア源が液体である場合のインジェクター等が挙げられる。
(10)請求項10の発明は、
請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒と、前記NOx還元触媒に供給される排ガスをリッチ状態とするリッチ状態実現手段と、を備えることを特徴とするNOx還元触媒システムを要旨とする。
(11)請求項11の発明は、
請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を用いて、前記処理ガスに含まれるNOx還元するNOx還元方法。
東ソー製ゼオライトβ(シリカアルミナ比35):100重量部
硝酸鉄:25重量部
γアルミナ:20重量部
酢酸Ba:25重量部
イオン交換水:200重量部
その後、さらに、バインダーとしてのアルミナゾル(日産化学製AS200)10重量部(Al2O3換算)を添加し、スラリーを得た。
東ソー製ゼオライトβ(シリカアルミナ比35):100重量部
硝酸鉄:25重量部
イオン交換水:250重量部
その後、さらに、バインダーとしてのアルミナゾル(日産化学製AS200)5重量部(Al2O3換算)を添加し、スラリーAを得た。
γアルミナ:20重量部
酢酸バリウム:25重量部
イオン交換水:50重量部
その後、さらに、バインダーとしてのアルミナゾル(日産化学製AS200)3重量部(Al2O3換算)を添加し、スラリーBを得た。
(比較例1)
以下のようにして、定置式の脱硝触媒として使用されているV2O5/TiO2−WO3触媒を製造した。
タングステン酸化物を5wt%含む、酸化チタン(比表面積82m2/g):100重量部
石原産業製の酸化チタンゾル:20重量部(TiO2換算)
イオン交換水:100重量部
次に、上記スラリーを前記実施例1と同様のセラミックハニカムにコートして触媒層を形成し、さらに、前記実施例1と同様に乾燥・焼成を行った。触媒層のコート量は120gであった。
(比較例2)
以下の成分を混合し、スラリーを調製した。
アルミナゾル:10重量部(アルミナ換算)
イオン交換水:50重量部
次に、上記スラリーを前記実施例1と同様のセラミックハニカムに塗布した後、乾燥、焼成を行い、触媒を製造した。
(比較例3)
スラリーにγアルミナ及び酢酸Baを配合しない点以外は前記実施例1と同様にして触媒を製造した。
(比較例4)
スラリーに硝酸Feを配合しない点以外は前記実施例1と同様にして触媒を製造した。
(比較例5)
スラリーBを塗布しないという点以外は前記実施例9と同様にして触媒を製造した。すなわち、本比較例5では、セラミックハニカムに、直接スラリーAを塗布して触媒層を形成し、乾燥、焼成することで、スラリーAに由来する触媒層のみを備える触媒を製造した。
電気炉を用い、前記実施例1〜10で製造したNOx還元触媒5、及び前記比較例1〜5で製造した触媒に対し、水蒸気を10vol%含む雰囲気中で、800℃、10時間の水熱耐久を行った。
上記a)の耐久後、図4に示すように、触媒5(前記実施例1〜10で製造したNOx還元触媒5、または前記比較例1〜5で製造した触媒)と、触媒5に排ガス17を供給する、排気量6.6Lのターボインタークーラ付きのエンジン19と、排ガス17に、触媒5より上流において尿素30%水溶液18を噴霧するインジェクター(アンモニア源添加手段)21と、触媒5よりも上流において排ガス17中のNOx濃度を測定する排ガス分析計23と、触媒5よりも下流において排ガス17中のNOx濃度を測定する排ガス分析計25と、から成る実験系を作成した。なお、排ガス分析計23、25はいずれも、堀場製作所製のMEXA7000である。
上記b)の実験系において、エンジン9を運転し、排ガス17を触媒5に供給するとともに、排ガス17の温度が200℃以上のときは、インジェクター21により、尿素30%水溶液を排ガス17に噴霧した。このとき、主な設定条件は以下のとおりとした。
エンジン9の回転数:1600rpm一定
触媒5の排ガス処理量:30,000/hour
尿素30%水溶液の添加量:アンモニア換算で排ガス17中のNOx量と等モル(ただし、排ガス17の温度が200℃以下のときは、添加を行わない。)
排ガス17の温度は、エンジン9の負荷を変えることにより調整し、まず、150℃一定とした。排ガス17の温度が150℃となってから、排ガス17の状態が安定するまで3分間待ち、排ガス分析計23により、触媒5に入る前の排ガス17におけるNOx濃度C1(ppm)を測定し、また、排ガス分析計25により、触媒5から出た排ガス17におけるNOx濃度C2(ppm)を測定した。
図5に示すように、触媒5(前記実施例1〜10で製造したNOx還元触媒5、または前記比較例1〜5で製造した触媒)と、触媒5に排ガス17を供給する、排気量2Lのディーゼルエンジン27と、ディーゼルエンジン27から触媒5に至る排気管29と、排気管29に軽油30を添加する軽油添加装置31と、触媒5よりも上流において排ガス17中のNOx濃度を測定する排ガス分析計23と、触媒5よりも下流において排ガス17中のNOx濃度を測定する排ガス分析計25と、から成る実験系35を形成した。軽油添加装置31は、軽油を貯蔵する軽油タンク37、軽油を排気管29内に噴射するインジェクタ39、軽油タンクから取り出した軽油をインジェクタ39に供給する軽油供給管41、インジェクタ39における軽油の噴射量を制御するコントローラ43から成る。
上記b)の実験系において、ディーゼルエンジン27を運転し、排ガス17を触媒5に供給した。ディーゼルエンジン27の回転数は2100rpmとし、触媒5の入り口における温度が250℃となるようにした。
例えば、NOx還元触媒5全体におけるNOx吸着成分とNOx浄化成分との重量比は、前記実施例の値に限定されず、1:0.1〜20の範囲としてもよく、この場合でも同様の作用効果を奏する。
また、前記実施例10において、一つのセラミックハニカム1を上流部と下流部とに区分し、上流部にスラリーBを塗布し、下流部にスラリーAを塗布してもよい。こうすることにより、一つのセラミックハニカム1の表面に、上流部触媒層13と下流部触媒層9とを形成することができる。
3・・・触媒層
3a・・・下層部
3b・・・上層部
5・・・NOx還元触媒
9・・・下流部触媒層
11・・・下流側触媒
13・・・上流部触媒層
15・・・上流側触媒
17・・・排ガス
19・・・エンジン
21・・・インジェクタ
23、25・・・排ガス分析計
27・・・ディーゼルエンジン
29・・・排気管
30・・・軽油
31・・・軽油添加装置
33・・・制御手段
Claims (11)
- 処理ガス中のNOxを還元するNOx還元触媒であって、
酸化物を含む触媒担体と、
NOx吸着成分と、
NOx浄化成分と、
を含むことを特徴とするNOx還元触媒。 - 前記NOx吸着成分が偏在するA層と、
前記NOx浄化成分が偏在するB層と、
を含む層構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のNOx還元触媒。 - 前記NOx吸着成分が偏在する上流部と、前記NOx浄化成分が偏在する下流部とが、前記処理ガスの流れ方向に沿って順次配置された構造を有することを特徴とする請求項1記載のNOx還元触媒。
- NOx還元触媒全体における前記NOx吸着成分と前記NOx浄化成分との重量比が、1:0.1〜20の範囲にあることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒。
- 前記NOx吸着成分が、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属、及び希土類から成る群から選択されるものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒。
- 前記NOx浄化成分が、V、Fe、Ce、Laから成る群から選択される1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒。
- 前記酸化物が、Al2O3、TiO2、ZrO2、ゼオライトから成る群から選ばれる1種以上であることを特徴とする請求項1〜6のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒。
- 自動車の排ガス浄化の用途に用いられることを特徴とする請求項1〜7のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒。
- 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒と、
前記NOx還元触媒に供給される前記処理ガスにアンモニア源を添加するアンモニア源添加手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするNOx還元触媒システム。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒と、
前記NOx還元触媒に供給される前記処理ガスをリッチ状態とするリッチ状態実現手段と、
を備えることを特徴とするNOx還元触媒システム。 - 請求項1〜8のいずれかに記載のNOx還元触媒を用いて、前記処理ガスに含まれるNOxを還元するNOx還元方法。
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KR1020087029240A KR101052655B1 (ko) | 2006-05-29 | 2007-05-17 | NOx 환원 촉매, NOx 환원 촉매 시스템, 및 NOx 환원 방법 |
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JP (1) | JP5373255B2 (ja) |
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US7662743B2 (en) | 2006-07-31 | 2010-02-16 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | NOx purifying catalyst |
JP2008030003A (ja) * | 2006-07-31 | 2008-02-14 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | NOx浄化触媒 |
WO2009119459A1 (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-10-01 | 日産自動車株式会社 | 排気ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2009255073A (ja) * | 2008-03-28 | 2009-11-05 | Nissan Motor Co Ltd | 排気ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2014076448A (ja) * | 2008-05-15 | 2014-05-01 | Mitsui Mining & Smelting Co Ltd | 窒素酸化物浄化用触媒 |
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JP2017044201A (ja) * | 2015-08-28 | 2017-03-02 | 三菱自動車工業株式会社 | 内燃機関の排ガス浄化システム及び排ガス浄化触媒 |
JP2020522384A (ja) * | 2017-06-09 | 2020-07-30 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒物品および排気ガス処理システム |
JP7202051B2 (ja) | 2017-06-09 | 2023-01-11 | ビーエーエスエフ コーポレーション | 触媒物品および排気ガス処理システム |
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JP7481485B2 (ja) | 2020-11-04 | 2024-05-10 | 日本碍子株式会社 | 触媒担体及び誘導加熱触媒システム |
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KR20090017554A (ko) | 2009-02-18 |
KR101052655B1 (ko) | 2011-07-29 |
US20130058841A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 |
US20090196811A1 (en) | 2009-08-06 |
EP2025401A4 (en) | 2014-04-30 |
WO2007138874A1 (ja) | 2007-12-06 |
EP2025401B1 (en) | 2018-10-31 |
CN104959035A (zh) | 2015-10-07 |
CN101454081A (zh) | 2009-06-10 |
EP2025401A1 (en) | 2009-02-18 |
JP5373255B2 (ja) | 2013-12-18 |
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