JP2007312624A - Culture medium sheet for hydroponic cultivation - Google Patents
Culture medium sheet for hydroponic cultivation Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007312624A JP2007312624A JP2006143325A JP2006143325A JP2007312624A JP 2007312624 A JP2007312624 A JP 2007312624A JP 2006143325 A JP2006143325 A JP 2006143325A JP 2006143325 A JP2006143325 A JP 2006143325A JP 2007312624 A JP2007312624 A JP 2007312624A
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- DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetic acid;2,3,4,5,6-pentahydroxyhexanal;sodium Chemical compound [Na].CC(O)=O.OCC(O)C(O)C(O)C(O)C=O DPXJVFZANSGRMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N casein, tech. Chemical compound NCCCCC(C(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CC(C)C)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(C(C)O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=O)N=C(O)C(COP(O)(O)=O)N=C(O)C(CCC(O)=N)N=C(O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 BECPQYXYKAMYBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 239000000661 sodium alginate Substances 0.000 description 1
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- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
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Images
Classifications
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- Y02P60/216—
Landscapes
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、カイワレ大根、蕎麦、ヒマワリ、クレソン、紅花、タデ、大豆モヤシ、緑豆モヤシ、その他各種の芽物野菜、及び水稲苗等の植物の水耕栽培に適した水耕栽培用培地シートである。 The present invention is a culture medium sheet for hydroponics suitable for hydroponics of plants such as kaiware radish, buckwheat, sunflower, watercress, safflower, seeds, soybean bean sprouts, mung bean sprouts, other various sprout vegetables, and rice seedlings. is there.
従来、各種植物の水耕栽培においては、ウレタンマットに培養液を含浸させ、このウレタンマットの表面に種を蒔くことにより、植物の根をウレタンマット内に保持させて栽培する方法が知られている。（特許文献１） Conventionally, in hydroponic cultivation of various plants, a method of cultivating by holding a root of a plant in the urethane mat by impregnating a urethane mat with a culture solution and seeding the surface of the urethane mat is known. Yes. (Patent Document 1)
ウレタンマットは、安価であることから、広く用いられているが、使用後廃棄する際に、地中に埋めても自然に分解することがなく、焼却処理を行った場合、高温になって炉を傷めたりするおそれがあるなど、廃棄に多くコストを要する。 Urethane mats are widely used because they are inexpensive, but when discarded after use, they do not decompose naturally even when buried in the ground. The cost of disposal is high.
また、ウレタンマットは、水分吸収性が弱い。そのため、ウレタンマット全体に培養液を均一に含浸させることが困難である。そのため、同一のウレタンマットであっても、場所毎に培養液の含浸状態の偏りが生じ、その結果、植物の均一な発芽及び育成に支障を生じる。また、含浸保持する培養液の量が少ないため、特に、高温多湿期の栽培においては、根元の培養液中の酸素量が少なくなり、培養液の交換が少ないため、雑菌等の増加が多く成育環境を悪いものとしている。 In addition, the urethane mat is weak in moisture absorption. Therefore, it is difficult to uniformly impregnate the culture solution throughout the urethane mat. For this reason, even in the same urethane mat, there is a bias in the state of impregnation of the culture solution in each place, and as a result, there is a problem in uniform germination and growth of plants. In addition, since the amount of the culture solution to be impregnated is small, especially in the cultivation in the high temperature and high humidity period, the amount of oxygen in the root culture solution is reduced and the exchange of the culture solution is small. The environment is bad.
また、ウレタンマットの培地は、特に太い根の植物の場合に根が貫通しにくいため、根が培地中に張らず、表面を覆うだけになる現象（本発明中では根上がりと呼ぶ）が起こる。その結果、植物が倒れたり、また生育に支障をきたしたりする。また、植物が培地から分離しやすいため、包装作業性等に劣るという問題があった。 In addition, the medium of the urethane mat is difficult to penetrate the roots particularly in the case of a plant having a thick root, so that a phenomenon that the roots do not stretch in the medium and only covers the surface (referred to as rooting in the present invention) occurs. . As a result, the plant may fall over or hinder its growth. Moreover, since the plant is easily separated from the culture medium, there is a problem that the packaging workability is poor.
上記のような問題があるため、ウレタンマットの替わりに、廃棄性に考慮した、自然素材や生分解性を有する培地シートが求められている。
たとえば、培地として綿を使用したものや、生分解性繊維を用いた不織布を用いたものが存在する。
綿の培地は、保水性があり、また自然物であるため廃棄性に優れるが、素材に腰がないのでハンドリング適性に劣る。またコスト的に問題があった。また、生分解性繊維は地中で分解するため廃棄性に優れるが、合成樹脂であるのでそれ自体に保水性がない。また高価でコスト面でも問題があった。
Because of the above problems, there is a demand for a natural material or a biodegradable medium sheet in consideration of discardability instead of a urethane mat.
For example, there are those using cotton as a culture medium and those using a non-woven fabric using biodegradable fibers.
The cotton culture medium has water retention and is a natural product, so it is excellent in discardability, but it is inferior in handling suitability because the material is not stiff. There was also a problem with cost. In addition, biodegradable fibers are excellent in discardability because they degrade in the ground, but they are synthetic resins and do not have water retention. In addition, there was a problem in terms of cost and cost.
さらに、上記のような素材でも、前述した植物の根上がりという問題は発生する。この問題を防止するために、生分解繊維の不織布に、さらに孔を空けたものが存在する（特許文献２、特許文献３）。孔を開けることで植物の根が培地に入りやすくなるという目的である。 Furthermore, the above-described problem of plant rooting occurs even with the above materials. In order to prevent this problem, there are biodegradable fiber nonwoven fabrics that are further perforated (Patent Documents 2 and 3). The purpose is to make it easier for plant roots to enter the medium by opening holes.
本発明は、従来品より、さらに安価で保水性を有し、作業性、廃棄性に優れる自然素材を用いた水耕栽培用培地であり、さらに植物の根上がりを防止可能な水耕栽培用培地を得ることを課題とする。 The present invention is a hydroponic culture medium using a natural material that is cheaper and more water-retaining than conventional products, and is excellent in workability and discardability. An object is to obtain a medium.
本発明は上記課題を解決するために、以下の手段をとる。
すなわち、本発明の第１は、パルプ繊維、もしくはパルプ繊維と合成繊維から構成された不織布に、３〜１０ｍｍ間隔で開孔部が設けられている水耕栽培用培地シートである。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention takes the following means.
That is, the 1st of this invention is the culture medium sheet for hydroponics by which the opening part is provided in the nonwoven fabric comprised from the pulp fiber or the pulp fiber and the synthetic fiber at intervals of 3-10 mm.
本発明の第２は、開孔部が、不織布の片面より針状突起物を貫通させることにより形成された本発明の第１に記載の水耕栽培用培地シートである。 A second aspect of the present invention is the medium sheet for hydroponics according to the first aspect of the present invention, wherein the opening portion is formed by penetrating a needle-like protrusion from one side of the nonwoven fabric.
本発明の第３は、開孔部の長径が１〜５ｍｍである本発明の第１〜２のいずれかに記載の水耕栽培用培地シートである。 3rd of this invention is the culture medium sheet for hydroponic cultivation in any one of 1-2 of this invention whose major axis of an opening part is 1-5 mm.
本発明の第４は、不織布が乾式不織布である本発明の第１〜３のいずれかに記載の水耕栽培用培地シートである。 4th of this invention is the culture medium sheet for hydroponics in any one of 1st-3rd of this invention whose nonwoven fabric is a dry-type nonwoven fabric.
本発明によって、安価で保水性を有し、作業性、廃棄性に優れる自然素材を用いた水耕栽培用培地であり、さらに植物の根上がりを防止可能な水耕栽培用培地の提供が可能となる。 According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a hydroponic culture medium that is inexpensive, has water retention, is a natural culture medium that uses natural materials that are excellent in workability and discardability, and can prevent the rooting of plants. It becomes.
以下、本発明を具体的に説明する。
発明者らは、安価で保水性を有し、作業性、廃棄性に優れた水耕栽培用培地として、パルプ繊維からなる不織布を用いることを検討した。
The present invention will be specifically described below.
The inventors studied to use a nonwoven fabric made of pulp fiber as a medium for hydroponics that is inexpensive, has water retention, and is excellent in workability and disposal.
パルプ繊維の原料としては、木材パルプ（針葉樹、広葉樹）、ラグパルプ、リンターパルプ、リネンパルプ、楮・三椏・雁皮パルプ等の非木材パルプ、古紙パルプ等が存在する。また、その製法から、機械パルプであるＧＰ、ＲＧＰ、ＴＭＰ、化学パルプである亜硫酸パルプ、クラフトパルプ等が存在する。
本発明に使用するパルプ繊維としては、供給量、品質の安定性、コスト等の問題から、クラフトパルプが特に好適に用いられる。
また、本発明で使用するパルプ繊維はいわゆる短繊維であり、その繊維長は、繊維長測定機FS-200（カヤーニ社製）による測定で、長さ加重平均繊維長が１０ｍｍ以下、好ましくは６ｍｍ以下である。
As raw materials for pulp fibers, there are wood pulp (conifers, hardwoods), rug pulp, linter pulp, linen pulp, non-wood pulp such as cocoon, cocoon and husk pulp, waste paper pulp, and the like. Moreover, GP, RGP, TMP which is mechanical pulp, sulfite pulp which is chemical pulp, kraft pulp, etc. exist from the manufacturing method.
As the pulp fiber used in the present invention, kraft pulp is particularly preferably used because of problems such as supply amount, quality stability, and cost.
The pulp fiber used in the present invention is a so-called short fiber, and the fiber length is measured by a fiber length measuring device FS-200 (manufactured by Kajaani Co., Ltd.), and the length weighted average fiber length is 10 mm or less, preferably 6 mm. It is as follows.
本発明で水耕栽培用培地として用いる不織布としては、乾式不織布が好適に用いられる。本発明においては、特にパルプ繊維を乾燥状態で機械的に解して単繊維化し、走行するワイヤ上に連続的にパルプ繊維によるウエブを形成（エアレイ法）し、さらに水性バインダーをスプレーして乾燥することによって、ウエブのパルプ繊維間を接着する方式（ラテックスボンド法）による乾式不織布を用いることが好適である。
また、後述するように、合成樹脂繊維をパルプ繊維と併用する場合、サーマルボンド法、もしくはラテックスボンド法とサーマルボンド法を組み合わせたマルチボンド法により乾式不織布を得ることも可能である。
As the nonwoven fabric used as the culture medium for hydroponics in the present invention, a dry nonwoven fabric is preferably used. In the present invention, in particular, the pulp fibers are mechanically dissolved in a dry state to be monofilaments, and a web of pulp fibers is continuously formed on the traveling wire (airlaid method), and further, an aqueous binder is sprayed and dried. Thus, it is preferable to use a dry nonwoven fabric by a method (latex bond method) for adhering the pulp fibers of the web.
As will be described later, when synthetic resin fibers are used in combination with pulp fibers, it is also possible to obtain a dry nonwoven fabric by a thermal bond method or a multi-bond method combining a latex bond method and a thermal bond method.
上記方法によって得られた本発明の培地シートとして使用する不織布は、１０〜２００ｇ／ｍ２、さらに望ましくは８０〜１６０ｇ／ｍ２である。１０ｇ／ｍ２未満の場合は培地としては薄すぎて植物の根を支えることが困難であり、また保水性が十分でないため生育に支障をきたすおそれがある。また、２００ｇ／ｍ２を越える場合は、植物の根の貫通性が悪くなるおそれがある。また、培養液を含浸させた場合、全体の質量が重くなりすぎて、作業性が悪い。また培地シートが厚すぎて不経済である。
また、不織布の密度は、０．０２〜０．１０g／cm３の範囲が好ましく、さらに好ましくは０．０４〜０．０７g／ｃｍ３の範囲ある。０．０２ｇ／ｃｍ３未満の場合は、植物の根を支えることが困難となるおそれがあり、また、０．１０ｇ／ｃｍ３を越える場合は、植物の根の貫通性が悪くなって根上がりが起こる可能性がある。
The nonwoven fabric used as the culture medium sheet of the present invention obtained by the above method is 10 to 200 g / m 2 , more preferably 80 to 160 g / m 2 . If it is less than 10 g / m 2 , the medium is too thin to support the roots of the plant, and the water retention is not sufficient, which may hinder growth. Moreover, when it exceeds 200 g / m < 2 >, there exists a possibility that the penetration of a root of a plant may worsen. Moreover, when the culture solution is impregnated, the whole mass becomes too heavy, and workability is poor. Moreover, a culture medium sheet is too thick and is uneconomical.
The density of the nonwoven fabric is preferably in the range of 0.02~0.10g / cm 3, more preferably in the range of 0.04~0.07g / cm 3. If it is less than 0.02 g / cm 3 , it may be difficult to support the roots of the plant, and if it exceeds 0.10 g / cm 3 , the penetration of the roots of the plant will deteriorate and the roots will rise. Can happen.
なお、本発明においては、上記パルプ繊維のみならず、本件発明の趣旨を損ねない範囲において、合成繊維を添加して使用することが可能である。即ち、不織布を構成する全繊維質量に対し、２５質量％以下の範囲において添加することが可能である。
添加する合成繊維としては、状況に応じて任意の素材のものを用いることが可能である。例えば、ポリエチレン（PE）、ポリプロピレン(PP)等のポリオレフィン系繊維、ポリエステル（PET）繊維、ナイロン繊維等が挙げられる。また、融点の異なる合成樹脂を組み合わせてなる複合繊維を使用することができる。複合繊維の樹脂の組合せとしては、PE／PP、PE／PET、PP／PET、低融点PET／PET、低融点PP／PP、ナイロン-６／ナイロン66等が存在し、その種類は任意に選択可能である。また、複合繊維には異なる樹脂を並列に紡糸したサイドバイサイド型複合繊維、低融点樹脂が外側、高融点樹脂が内側として紡糸した芯鞘型複合繊維等が存在し、そのいずれも使用可能である。
なお、各種合成繊維の繊維長、及び繊維径は任意に選択可能であるが、繊維長２〜６ｍｍの範囲、繊維径１〜７２ｄｔの範囲のものが、最も好適に用いられる。
熱融着性の合成繊維を添加した場合は、不織布を製造する際にサーマルボンド法を用いることができる。特に、複合繊維を添加した場合、サーマルボンド法による製造を好適に行うことができる。また、ラテックスボンド法とサーマルボンド法を組み合わせたマルチボンド法による製造も行うことができる。
In the present invention, not only the above pulp fibers but also synthetic fibers can be added and used within a range not impairing the gist of the present invention. That is, it can be added in a range of 25% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric.
As the synthetic fiber to be added, any material can be used depending on the situation. Examples thereof include polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP), polyester (PET) fibers, and nylon fibers. Moreover, the composite fiber formed by combining synthetic resins having different melting points can be used. There are PE / PP, PE / PET, PP / PET, low-melting point PET / PET, low-melting point PP / PP, nylon-6 / nylon 66, etc. as the combination of resin of the composite fiber, and the type can be selected arbitrarily Is possible. The composite fiber includes a side-by-side type composite fiber obtained by spinning different resins in parallel, a core-sheath type composite fiber spun with the low melting point resin as the outside and the high melting point resin as the inside, and any of them can be used.
In addition, although the fiber length and fiber diameter of various synthetic fibers can be arbitrarily selected, those having a fiber length of 2 to 6 mm and a fiber diameter of 1 to 72 dt are most preferably used.
When a heat-fusible synthetic fiber is added, a thermal bond method can be used when manufacturing a nonwoven fabric. In particular, when a composite fiber is added, production by a thermal bond method can be suitably performed. Moreover, the manufacture by the multi bond method which combined the latex bond method and the thermal bond method can also be performed.
なお、本発明の不織布をエアレイ法で製造する場合には、繊維同士を固着させるために水性バインダーを必要とする。使用するバインダーは、必要に応じて適宜選択可能であり、たとえば、カゼイン、アルギン酸ナトリウム、ヒドロキシエチルセルロース、カルボキシメチルセルロースナトリウム塩、ポリビニルアルコール（PVA）、ポリアクリル酸ソーダ等の水溶液タイプのバインダーや、ポリアクリル酸エステル、アクリル・スチレン共重合体、ポリ酢酸ビニル、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体、アクリルニトリル・ブタジエン共重合体、メチルメタアクリレート・ブタジエン共重合体等の各エマルジョン、スチレン・ブタジエン共重合体ラテックス等のエマルジョンタイプのバインダー等が使用可能である。 In addition, when manufacturing the nonwoven fabric of this invention by the air-laying method, in order to adhere fibers, an aqueous binder is required. The binder to be used can be appropriately selected according to need. For example, casein, sodium alginate, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid soda and other aqueous binders, polyacrylic Acid esters, acrylic / styrene copolymers, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymers, acrylonitrile / butadiene copolymers, methyl methacrylate / butadiene copolymer emulsions, styrene / butadiene copolymer latex An emulsion type binder such as can be used.
なお、本発明においては、不織布シートに、必要に応じて、保水剤、抗菌剤、防臭剤等、各種機能性物質を添加することも可能である。添加方法としては、水性バインダーに混ぜて散布する、水性バインダーと別に散布する、パルプ繊維原料に予め混合しておく等の方法が任意に用いられる。 In the present invention, various functional substances such as a water retention agent, an antibacterial agent, and a deodorant can be added to the nonwoven fabric sheet as necessary. As an addition method, a method such as mixing with an aqueous binder and spraying, spraying separately from the aqueous binder, or mixing in advance with a pulp fiber raw material is arbitrarily used.
本発明は、前述で得られたパルプ繊維不織布に、開孔部を形成することで、水耕栽培用培地シートとして使用する際に、植物の根の貫通性を向上させるものである。培地シートに孔を開けて根の貫通性を向上させる技術としては、特許文献２、及び特許文献３が示すように既に存在する。これらにおいて開孔部を設ける方法としては、ウオータージェット方式が用いられているが、この方法は本発明の短繊維ベースの不織布には適さない。即ち、ウォータージェット方式は孔を開けるのと同時に、繊維を交絡させることにより繊維同士を結合させシート化することができるという利点がある。本発明のような短繊維の場合、シートに孔を開けることはできるが繊維が交絡しないのでシート化はできず、別途バインダー等により繊維を結合する必要がある。しかし、ウォータージェット方式は、設備、及び変動費が高価で、メンテナンスも複雑であるため、本発明においては事実上採用することは出来ない。 The present invention improves the penetration of plant roots when used as a culture medium sheet for hydroponics by forming a hole in the pulp fiber nonwoven fabric obtained above. As a technique for improving the penetrability of the root by opening a hole in the culture medium sheet, Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 already exist. In these methods, a water jet method is used as a method for providing an opening, but this method is not suitable for the short fiber-based nonwoven fabric of the present invention. In other words, the water jet method has an advantage that fibers can be joined together by entangled fibers to form a sheet at the same time as making a hole. In the case of the short fiber as in the present invention, the sheet can be perforated, but the fiber is not entangled so that it cannot be formed into a sheet, and it is necessary to separately bind the fiber with a binder or the like. However, since the water jet system is expensive in equipment and variable cost and complicated in maintenance, it cannot be practically employed in the present invention.
本発明で用いることが可能な、機械的な手段でシート状物に開孔する方法としては、穿孔機（パンチ）がある。穿孔機でシートを打ち抜いた場合、シートの一部から円形状等の小片が切り取られ、切り取られた部分が開孔する。この方法によれば、開孔部分の断面が滑らかになり穴の形状も一定となるので、一般によく用いられている。なおパンチによる開孔部は一般的に円形であるが、刃の形状の選択によって、楕円形や多角形等必要に応じて任意の形状とすることが可能である。 A punching machine (punch) can be used as a method of opening holes in a sheet by mechanical means that can be used in the present invention. When a sheet is punched with a punching machine, a small piece such as a circular shape is cut out from a part of the sheet, and the cut out part is opened. According to this method, since the cross section of the hole portion is smooth and the shape of the hole is constant, it is generally used. The punched hole is generally circular, but it can be formed into an arbitrary shape such as an ellipse or a polygon as required by selecting the shape of the blade.
しかし、本発明である水耕栽培用培地となる不織布の場合、根の貫通を助ける目的で開ける穴の大きさは最大でも長径で５ｍｍ程度とごく小さい。また不織布自体も嵩高で繊維同士が絡まり易いため、切り取られた小片を不織布本体から完全に取り去ることは困難である。従って、不織布本体に切断された小片が無数に付着した状態になるが、この状態の不織布を水耕栽培用培地シートとして使用した場合、不織布の小片が、発芽した野菜類や、栽培容器に付着して汚れの原因となる。これは、消費者が直接購入する商品である芽物野菜を栽培する場合においては問題となっていた。 However, in the case of the non-woven fabric used as the culture medium for hydroponics according to the present invention, the size of the hole opened for the purpose of assisting the penetration of the root is as small as about 5 mm at the longest diameter. Moreover, since the nonwoven fabric itself is bulky and fibers are easily entangled, it is difficult to completely remove the cut pieces from the nonwoven fabric body. Therefore, innumerable pieces cut into the nonwoven fabric body are attached, but when the nonwoven fabric in this state is used as a culture medium sheet for hydroponics, the pieces of nonwoven fabric adhere to germinated vegetables and cultivation containers. Cause dirt. This has been a problem in the case of cultivating sprout vegetables, which are products directly purchased by consumers.
上記の問題を解決するためには、本発明において開孔部を設ける方法として、不織布の片面より針状突起物を貫通させるという手段を採用することが更に望ましい。針状突起物とは、パンチのような打抜き刃とは異なり、不織布を容易に貫通する程度に尖った先端を有する部材であればよい。また、針状突起物の形状は任意である。
このような針状突起物を片側から貫通させることにより開孔を設けた場合、パンチにより打ち抜く場合と異なり、針の先端が当てられた部分の不織布の繊維が開孔部周縁から裏側へ押し込まれ、裏側の開孔部の周縁部分の繊維が盛り上がった状態で開孔が起こる。従って、開孔部分の小片の切り取りは起こらないので、水耕栽培用培地シートとして用いた場合、野菜や栽培容器等の汚れが起こらない。
なお、不織布に針状突起物により開孔を設けたものを表面から撮影したものを図１として示す。
In order to solve the above-described problem, it is more desirable to employ a method of penetrating the needle-like protrusions from one side of the nonwoven fabric as a method of providing the opening in the present invention. Unlike a punching blade such as a punch, the needle-like projection may be a member having a tip sharp enough to easily penetrate a nonwoven fabric. In addition, the shape of the needle-like protrusion is arbitrary.
When an opening is provided by penetrating such a needle-like projection from one side, unlike the case of punching with a punch, the non-woven fabric fibers in the portion where the tip of the needle is applied are pushed from the periphery of the opening to the back side. Opening occurs in a state where the fibers in the peripheral portion of the opening on the back side are raised. Therefore, since the small piece of the hole portion does not cut out, when used as a culture sheet for hydroponics, the vegetables and the cultivation container do not get dirty.
In addition, what image | photographed from the surface what provided the hole by the needle-shaped protrusion in the nonwoven fabric is shown in FIG.
本発明において、不織布に設ける開孔部の形状は、パンチ刃、もしくは針状突起物の形状の選択により、円形、楕円形、多角形、スリット状、十字状等、必要に応じて任意の形状とすることができる（図２〜４参照）。またそれらの大きさは、適用する野菜の品種等によって適した大きさに任意に定めることが可能であるが、各開孔部の長径（形状を問わず開孔部の最長部分の径）が、５ｍｍ以下であるものとする。５ｍｍを越える大きさになると、開孔が大きすぎるので、種が小さい場合は培地の下に種が落ちるという問題が発生する。
また、開孔部の配置及びその数、密度は、使用目的に応じて適宜定めることが可能であるが、一般には不織布全体に一定の間隔で均一に配置することが望ましい。隣接する各開孔部の間隔（本発明では中心間隔を意味する）は、３〜１０ｍｍとする。３ｍｍ未満の場合は、植物の生育などの品質上の問題はないが、突起部数が多くなることにより孔あけ用の機器が高価になる、あるいはメンテナンスの負荷が大きくなるという問題があり、また、１０ｍｍを越えた場合には、植物の根の貫通を助けるという機能を十分に果たさない。なお、各開孔部の末端間隔は２ｍｍ以上あることが望ましい。２ｍｍ未満の場合は、シートの強度が弱くなるおそれがある。
なお、上記の不織布に設ける開孔部の大きさ、形状については、用いる針状突起物の形状、大きさを選択することで自由に定めることができる。
また、開孔部の配置、及び密度についても、例えば一枚の平板、あるいはロールに多数の針状体を任意の配列で配置して剣山状にしたものを用いて開孔部を設けることで、不織布に任意の配置、密度で開孔を設けることが可能である。
以上のようにして開孔部を設けた不織布が、本発明の水耕栽培用培地シートとなる。
In the present invention, the shape of the opening provided in the nonwoven fabric can be any shape as required, such as circular, elliptical, polygonal, slit-shaped, cross-shaped, etc., depending on the shape of the punch blade or needle-like projection (See FIGS. 2 to 4). In addition, the size can be arbitrarily determined to a size suitable for the varieties of vegetables to be applied, etc., but the long diameter of each opening part (the diameter of the longest part of the opening part regardless of the shape) It shall be 5 mm or less. If the size exceeds 5 mm, the opening is too large, and if the seed is small, a problem occurs that the seed falls under the medium.
Moreover, although arrangement | positioning, the number, and density of an opening part can be suitably determined according to a use purpose, generally it is desirable to arrange | position uniformly at the fixed space | interval in the whole nonwoven fabric. An interval between adjacent apertures (meaning a center interval in the present invention) is 3 to 10 mm. If it is less than 3 mm, there is no problem in quality such as plant growth, but there is a problem that the equipment for drilling becomes expensive due to an increase in the number of protrusions, or the load of maintenance becomes large, When it exceeds 10 mm, the function of helping the penetration of the roots of the plant is not sufficiently performed. In addition, it is desirable that the end interval of each aperture is 2 mm or more. If it is less than 2 mm, the strength of the sheet may be weakened.
In addition, about the magnitude | size and shape of the opening part provided in said nonwoven fabric, it can determine freely by selecting the shape and magnitude | size of the acicular projection to be used.
In addition, regarding the arrangement and density of the apertures, for example, by providing the apertures using a single flat plate or a roll having a plurality of needle-like bodies arranged in an arbitrary arrangement to form a sword mountain shape. It is possible to provide openings in the nonwoven fabric with an arbitrary arrangement and density.
The nonwoven fabric provided with the apertures as described above serves as the hydroponic culture medium sheet of the present invention.
以下、本発明を実施例に基づいて、さらに具体的に説明する。
＜実施例１＞
乾式解繊機により市販のＮＢＫＰを解繊し、走行する無端のメッシュ状コンベア上に、エアレイ方式のウェブフォーミング機によって空気流と共に落下させ、８０ｇ／ｍ2のウェブを形成する。
同ウェブ上に、水性バインダー液を、固型分２０ｇ／ｍ２となるようにエアナイフノズルにより散布し、同時にメッシュ状のコンベアの下側より吸引機にて吸引する。
なお、水性バインダー液は、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合体エマルジョン（住化ケムテック社製Ｈ６０１、濃度８％）に、吸水剤として、ジオクチルスルホサクシネート・ナトリウム塩を、バインダー固形分に対し０．３質量％添加したものを使用する。
前記バインダーを散布したウェブを、さらに雰囲気温度を１７０℃に設定したボックス型熱風乾燥機の中を通過させて繊維相互間を結合させる。該ウェブを反転させ、最初にバインダー散布を施した面の反対面に、同様にバインダー散布を施して熱風乾燥機を通過させ、１００ｇ／ｍ２の乾式パルプ不織布を得て、該不織布を６０×６０ｃｍの平版状に裁断した。
上記で得た平版状不織布に、断面が１ｍｍ径の円形である針状突起物を各列中心距離４ｍｍの等間隔で配列し、各列の針状突起物が互い違いになるように、列同士の距離が４ｍｍで配置したロールを回転させながら押し付けることによって、不織布全体に円形の開孔部を設けたものを得て、本発明の水耕栽培用培地シートを得た（図２参照）。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described more specifically based on examples.
<Example 1>
A commercially available NBKP is defibrated by a dry defibrator and dropped onto an traveling endless mesh conveyor together with an air stream by an air laid web forming machine to form an 80 g / m 2 web.
On the same web, the aqueous binder liquid is sprayed with an air knife nozzle so as to have a solid content of 20 g / m 2, and at the same time, sucked with a suction machine from the lower side of the mesh-shaped conveyor.
The aqueous binder liquid was an ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer emulsion (H601 manufactured by Sumika Chemtech Co., Ltd., concentration 8%), dioctyl sulfosuccinate / sodium salt as a water absorbent, 0.3 mass based on the binder solid content. % Added.
The web on which the binder is dispersed is further passed through a box-type hot air dryer whose atmospheric temperature is set to 170 ° C. to bond the fibers together. The web was turned over, and on the surface opposite to the surface on which the binder was first sprayed, the binder was sprayed in the same manner and passed through a hot air dryer to obtain a dry pulp nonwoven fabric of 100 g / m 2. It cut | judged to the 60cm planographic shape.
In the lithographic nonwoven fabric obtained above, the needle-like projections having a circular cross section of 1 mm in diameter are arranged at equal intervals of 4 mm in the center of each row, and the rows of needle-like projections are staggered. By pressing while rotating a roll arranged at a distance of 4 mm, a nonwoven fabric provided with a circular opening was obtained, and the culture medium sheet for hydroponics of the present invention was obtained (see FIG. 2).
＜実施例２＞
使用する繊維として、ＮＢＫＰ８０部、合成繊維（PE/PET複合繊維、繊維径２．２ｄｔ、繊維長５ｍｍ；チッソ製）を２０部混ぜた以外は、実施例１と同様にして本発明の水耕栽培用培地シートを得た。
<Example 2>
The hydroponics of the present invention was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 80 parts of NBKP and 20 parts of synthetic fiber (PE / PET composite fiber, fiber diameter 2.2 dt, fiber length 5 mm; manufactured by Chisso) were mixed. A culture medium sheet was obtained.
＜実施例３＞
実施例１で得た平版状不織布に、長径５ｍｍのスリット状の針状突起物を各列中心距離１０ｍｍの等間隔で配列し、各列の針状突起物が互い違いになるように、列同士の距離が８ｍｍで配置したロールを回転させながら押し付けることによって、不織布全体にスリット状の開孔部を設けたものを得て、水耕栽培用培地シートとした（図４参照）。
<Example 3>
In the lithographic nonwoven fabric obtained in Example 1, slit-like needle-like projections having a major axis of 5 mm are arranged at equal intervals of a center distance of each row of 10 mm, and the rows of needle-like projections in each row are staggered. By rotating and pressing a roll arranged at a distance of 8 mm, a nonwoven fabric sheet having slit-like apertures was obtained to obtain a culture medium for hydroponics (see FIG. 4).
＜実施例４＞
実施例１で得た平版状不織布に、断面が１ｍｍ径の円筒刃を各列中心距離４ｍｍの等間隔で配列し、各列の円筒刃が互い違いになるように、列同士の距離が４ｍｍで配置した平版状のパンチを押し付けることによって、不織布全体に円形の開孔部を設けたものを得て、水耕栽培用培地シートとした。
<Example 4>
In the lithographic nonwoven fabric obtained in Example 1, cylindrical blades having a cross section of 1 mm in diameter are arranged at equal intervals of 4 mm in the center of each row, and the distance between rows is 4 mm so that the cylindrical blades in each row are staggered. By pressing the arranged lithographic punch, a non-woven culture medium sheet was obtained by providing a circular opening in the whole nonwoven fabric.
＜比較例１＞
実施例１で得た不織布に穴を開けず、そのまま水耕栽培用培地シートとした。
<Comparative Example 1>
A hole was not made in the nonwoven fabric obtained in Example 1, and the medium sheet for hydroponics was used as it was.
＜評価方法＞
実施例、及び比較例で得た６０×６０ｍｍ大の水耕栽培用培地シートに、カイワレダイコンの種子を約５００個蒔き、水を与えて暗所で発芽させ、発芽後は光に当てて７日間栽培した。その結果、得たカイワレ大根の汚れ、発根状態を観察した。
その結果、実施例１〜３においては、カイワレ大根に汚れはなく、また、根が培地シートの裏面まで完全に貫通していた。実施例４においては、根上がりは起こっていなかったが、カイワレ大根に不織布から発生した繊維片による汚れが付着していた。従って、水耕栽培用培地シートとして使用は可能である。但し、芽物野菜等、消費者が直接購入する商品など、特に美観や衛生面での要求が厳しいものの培地には適さない。
一方比較例１においては、カイワレ大根の根が培地シートの裏面まで一部貫通しておらず、根上がりが起こっていた。
以上、結果を表１に示す。
<Evaluation method>
About 500 seeds of silkworm radish are sown on a 60 × 60 mm medium culture medium sheet obtained in Examples and Comparative Examples, and water is applied to germinate in the dark. After germination, it is exposed to light for 7 days. Cultivated. As a result, the dirt and rooting state of the obtained radish were observed.
As a result, in Examples 1 to 3, the radish was not contaminated, and the roots completely penetrated to the back surface of the medium sheet. In Example 4, the root up did not occur, but dirt due to the fiber pieces generated from the nonwoven fabric was adhered to the daikon radish. Therefore, it can be used as a culture sheet for hydroponics. However, it is not suitable for culture media such as sprouts and vegetables that are demanded in terms of aesthetics and hygiene.
On the other hand, in Comparative Example 1, the roots of radish radish did not penetrate partly to the back surface of the medium sheet, and rooting occurred.
The results are shown in Table 1.
Claims (4)
The culture medium sheet for hydroponics according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the nonwoven fabric is a dry nonwoven fabric.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| JP2006143325A JP4948037B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Medium sheet for hydroponics |
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| JP2006143325A JP4948037B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Medium sheet for hydroponics |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| JP2007312624A true JP2007312624A (en) | 2007-12-06 |
| JP4948037B2 JP4948037B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
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| JP2006143325A Active JP4948037B2 (en) | 2006-05-23 | 2006-05-23 | Medium sheet for hydroponics |
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Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06280150A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-04 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Perforated laminate sheet and its production |
| JP2002209460A (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-07-30 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Sheet for raising seedling for hydroponic |
| JP2003047332A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-18 | Harumi Ebuchi | Scion cultivation method |
| JP2005124445A (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Nonwoven fabric for hydroponics raising seedling of rice plant |
-
2006
- 2006-05-23 JP JP2006143325A patent/JP4948037B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH06280150A (en) * | 1993-03-29 | 1994-10-04 | Mitsui Petrochem Ind Ltd | Perforated laminate sheet and its production |
| JP2002209460A (en) * | 2001-01-18 | 2002-07-30 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Sheet for raising seedling for hydroponic |
| JP2003047332A (en) * | 2001-08-03 | 2003-02-18 | Harumi Ebuchi | Scion cultivation method |
| JP2005124445A (en) * | 2003-10-22 | 2005-05-19 | Kuraray Co Ltd | Nonwoven fabric for hydroponics raising seedling of rice plant |
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| JP4948037B2 (en) | 2012-06-06 |
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