JP2007267616A - Method for cultivating leaf vegetable - Google Patents
Method for cultivating leaf vegetable Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
Description
この発明は、１口大のサイズで食べやすく、鮮度に優れた葉物野菜の栽培方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a method for cultivating a leafy vegetable that is easy to eat at a bite size and has excellent freshness.
従来、路地栽培やハウス栽培された葉物野菜は、通常太陽光の照射下で充分に生育したものが収穫され販売され、各家庭において通常１口大にカットしてから食されている。 Conventionally, leafy vegetables cultivated in alley or house are usually harvested and sold after being sufficiently grown under sunlight irradiation, and usually eaten after being cut into one bite in each household.
また近時、発芽後１０〜３０日程度の若い葉物野菜が、葉長１０〜１５ｃｍ程度で葉柄部分から１枚ずつ収穫され、特許文献１に示すようなベビーリーフと称して販売され、サラダ等に供されている。
しかしながら、単身世帯や老人世帯の増加、核家族化の進行に伴って、路地栽培等された葉物野菜丸ごとは大きすぎるものとなり、鮮度が高いうちに消費することが困難で廃棄処分されるという事態が起こりやすい。また、葉物野菜がカット野菜として販売されることもあるが、一度カットされた野菜は鮮度の低下が著しい。 However, with the increase in single and elderly households and the progress of the nuclear family, the whole leafy vegetables grown in alleys become too large, and it is difficult to consume while it is fresh, and it is discarded Things are likely to happen. In addition, leafy vegetables may be sold as cut vegetables, but the freshness of the vegetables once cut is remarkable.
一方、ベビーリーフは葉が１枚ずつ収穫されるので、鮮度が急速に低下しやすく、弾力性が失われ、食感が悪く、見た目にも食欲をそそらないものとなりやすい。 On the other hand, baby leaves are harvested one by one, so the freshness tends to decrease rapidly, the elasticity is lost, the texture is poor, and the appetite tends to be unappealing.
そこで本発明は、１口大のサイズで食べやすく、消費しやすい上に、鮮度に優れた葉物野菜の栽培方法を提供すべく図ったものである。 Therefore, the present invention is intended to provide a cultivation method for leafy vegetables that are easy to eat and consume at a bite size and that is excellent in freshness.
すなわち本発明に係る葉物野菜栽培方法は、葉物野菜を葉長１０ｃｍ以下になるまで生育する工程、及び、当該葉物野菜を複数の葉を一体として収穫する工程を備えていることを特徴とする。以下に本発明を詳述する。 That is, the leafy vegetable cultivation method according to the present invention includes a step of growing a leafy vegetable until the leaf length is 10 cm or less, and a step of harvesting the leafy vegetable as a plurality of leaves as one body. And The present invention is described in detail below.
本発明において栽培対象とする葉物野菜としては特に限定されず、例えば、ミズナ、ホウレンソウ、デトロイト等のビート、レッドオークやロロロッサ等のチシャ、ターサイ、カラシナ等が挙げられる。更に、これらの変種、亜種、改良種等を栽培対象としてもよい。 The leafy vegetables to be cultivated in the present invention are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include beets such as Mizuna, spinach, and Detroit, chisha such as red oak and lororossa, tarsai, and mustard. Furthermore, these varieties, subspecies, improved varieties, and the like may be targeted for cultivation.
本発明においては、前記葉物野菜を葉長１０ｃｍ以下になるまで生育する。葉長が１０ｃｍ以下であると、１口大のサイズであるので、カットせずに食することができ、また、消費しやすいので、残して廃棄せざるをえない事態を回避することができる。好ましい葉長は７ｃｍ以下であり、より好ましくは５〜７ｃｍである。 In the present invention, the leafy vegetables are grown until the leaf length is 10 cm or less. When the leaf length is 10 cm or less, it is a bite-sized, so it can be eaten without being cut, and since it is easy to consume, it is possible to avoid situations where it must be left behind and discarded. . A preferable leaf length is 7 cm or less, and more preferably 5 to 7 cm.
前記葉物野菜の生育は太陽光の下で行っても良いが、ＬＥＤ、半導体レーザ、高圧ナトリウムランプ、低圧ナトリウムランプ、キセノンランプ、メタルハライドランプ、水銀ランプ、マイクロ波ランプ等の人工光源を用いたり、１部の波長を遮断した太陽光を照射したりして生育してもよい。 The leafy vegetables may be grown under sunlight, but artificial light sources such as LEDs, semiconductor lasers, high-pressure sodium lamps, low-pressure sodium lamps, xenon lamps, metal halide lamps, mercury lamps, and microwave lamps may be used. You may grow by irradiating the sunlight which cut off a part of wavelength.
前記葉物野菜が赤色色素を含む場合は、前記葉物野菜への全照射光の光合成有効光量子束密度に占める波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が、１５〜９０％となるように光を照射して、前記葉物野菜を生育することにより、前記葉物野菜の葉色の赤色度を向上することができる。より好ましい前記青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合は２０〜８０％である。 When the leafy vegetable contains a red pigment, the ratio of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of blue light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm in the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of the total irradiation light to the leafy vegetable is 15 to 90%. It is possible to improve the redness of the leaf color of the leafy vegetables by irradiating light so as to grow the leafy vegetables. A more preferable ratio of the photosynthesis effective photon flux density of the blue light is 20 to 80%.
ここで、前記赤色色素とは、アントシアニン等のフラボノイド系色素、ベタシアニン等のベタレイン系色素、カロチンやキサントフィル等のカロチノイド系色素等である。 Here, the red pigment is a flavonoid pigment such as anthocyanin, a betalaine pigment such as betacyanin, a carotenoid pigment such as carotene or xanthophyll.
波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光源としては、例えば、青色ＬＥＤや、波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの光のみを透過させるフィルタを備えた人工光源を用いることができる。また、波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が前記範囲に保たれる限りにおいて、太陽光を併用してもよい。 As a blue light source having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm, for example, an artificial light source including a blue LED or a filter that transmits only light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm can be used. Moreover, as long as the ratio of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of blue light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm is maintained in the above range, sunlight may be used in combination.
一方、前記葉物野菜への照射光の光合成有効光量子束密度に占める波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が、５％以下となるように光を照射して、前記葉物野菜を生育することにより、前記葉物野菜を赤色が発現しないように生育することができる。より好ましくは前記青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が０％を超え１．５％以下である。 On the other hand, the leaves are irradiated with light such that the ratio of the photosynthesis effective photon flux density of blue light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm in the photosynthesis effective photon flux density of the irradiation light to the leafy vegetables becomes 5% or less, and the leaves By growing the vegetable vegetables, the leafy vegetables can be grown so that the red color does not appear. More preferably, the ratio of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of the blue light is more than 0% and 1.5% or less.
波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合は、上述したものと同様の人工光源を用いて調整することができる。また、波長４５０〜４７０ｎｍの青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が前記範囲に保たれる限りにおいて、太陽光を併用してもよい。 The ratio of the photosynthesis effective photon flux density of blue light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm can be adjusted using an artificial light source similar to that described above. Moreover, as long as the ratio of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of blue light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm is maintained in the above range, sunlight may be used in combination.
前記葉物野菜を赤色が発現しないように生育するためには、他に、５００ｎｍ以下のいずれかの波長の光を遮断した光を照射する方法を用いることもできる。より好ましくは４５０〜４７０ｎｍの波長の光を遮断する。 In addition, in order to grow the leafy vegetables so that the red color does not appear, it is also possible to use a method of irradiating light with any wavelength of 500 nm or less blocked. More preferably, light having a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm is blocked.
蘭においては、青色光が花弁の色素の発現に影響を及ぼすことが既に報告されているが（特開２００５−４６０７２）、葉物野菜においても同様の現象が見られることが本発明者により新たに見出された。照射する光の波長分布を変化させることにより葉色の調整が可能となるので、彩の豊かな葉物野菜を提供することができる。 In orchid, blue light has already been reported to affect the expression of petal pigment (JP 2005-46072), but the present inventor has newly found that the same phenomenon is observed in leafy vegetables. Found in Since the leaf color can be adjusted by changing the wavelength distribution of the light to be irradiated, leafy vegetables rich in color can be provided.
本発明において、生育した葉物野菜は、複数の葉を一体として収穫する。複数の葉を一体として収穫することにより、鮮度の低下を遅らせることができ、瑞々しさを保ったまま、食卓まで流通することができる。好ましくは全ての葉を茎のつけねから一体として、即ちロゼットごと収穫する。 In the present invention, the grown leafy vegetable harvests a plurality of leaves as a unit. By harvesting multiple leaves as a unit, the decline in freshness can be delayed, and it can be distributed to the table while maintaining freshness. Preferably all the leaves are harvested as a single piece from the root of the stem, i.e. the rosette.
本発明における、その他の栽培条件としては、公知の葉物野菜の栽培条件を適宜選択して用いることができる。 As other cultivation conditions in the present invention, known cultivation conditions for leafy vegetables can be appropriately selected and used.
このように本発明によれば、従来にない形態で葉物野菜を収穫することにより、１口大のサイズで食べやすく消費しやすい上に、鮮度に優れた葉物野菜を提供することができる。また、生ゴミの減量化にも寄与することができる。 As described above, according to the present invention, by harvesting leafy vegetables in an unconventional form, it is easy to eat and consume at a bite-sized size, and it is possible to provide leafy vegetables with excellent freshness. . It can also contribute to the reduction of garbage.
以下に実施例を掲げて本発明を更に詳細に説明するが、本発明はこれら実施例のみに限定されるものではない。 The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to these examples.
＜栽培例＞
（実施例１）キセノンランプ下でのレッドオークの栽培
昼間温度２５℃、夜間温度２０℃、炭酸ガス（４００ｐｐｍ）施用の人工気象室内に、栽培床の培地として軽石を使用し、培養液として住友液肥１号（住友化学社製）を施肥した。そして、キセノンランプ１６時間照射下で、光合成有効光量子束密度が２００μｍｏｌ／ｍ２ｓとなるように光を照射しながら播種後のレッドオークを栽培し、発芽後４週間後にロゼットごと収穫した。
<Cultivation example>
(Example 1) Cultivation of red oak under a xenon lamp Daytime temperature of 25 ° C, night temperature of 20 ° C, carbon dioxide (400ppm) in an artificial weather chamber, pumice is used as a culture medium for the cultivation floor, and Sumitomo as a culture solution Liquid fertilizer No. 1 (manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.) was applied. Then, under irradiation with a xenon lamp for 16 hours, the red oak after sowing was cultivated while irradiating light so that the photosynthetic effective photon flux density was 200 μmol / m 2 s, and the rosette was harvested together 4 weeks after germination.
（実施例２）青色光過多下でのレッドオークの栽培
光源としてキセノンランプ単独使用に代えて、キセノンランプと青色ＬＥＤ（４６０ｎｍ）とを併用して、青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が７０％となるようにしたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にレッドオークを栽培し、収穫した。
(Example 2) Cultivation of red oak under excessive blue light In place of using a xenon lamp alone as a light source, a xenon lamp and a blue LED (460 nm) are used in combination, and the ratio of photosynthetic effective photon flux density of blue light is Red oak was cultivated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was adjusted to 70%.
（実施例３）青色光制限下でのレッドオークの栽培
光源としてキセノンランプに代えて、青色ＬＥＤ（４６０ｎｍ）と半導体レーザ（６８０ｎｍ）とを用いて、青色光の光合成有効光量子束密度の割合が１％となるようにしたこと以外は、実施例１と同様にレッドオークを栽培し、収穫した。
(Example 3) Cultivation of red oak under blue light restriction Instead of a xenon lamp as a light source, using a blue LED (460 nm) and a semiconductor laser (680 nm), the ratio of the photosynthetic effective photon flux density of blue light is Red oak was cultivated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the content was 1%.
（実施例４）５００ｎｍ以下の波長の光を遮断したレッドオークの栽培
４５０〜４７０ｎｍの波長の光を遮断するフィルタでレッドオークを覆ったこと以外は、実施例１と同様にレッドオークを栽培し、収穫した。
(Example 4) Cultivation of red oak that blocks light with a wavelength of 500 nm or less Cultivated red oak in the same manner as in Example 1 except that red oak was covered with a filter that blocks light with a wavelength of 450 to 470 nm. Harvested.
（比較例１）
栽培期間を５週間とし、１枚ずつ収穫した以外は、実施例１と同様にレッドオークを栽培し、収穫した。
(Comparative Example 1)
A red oak was cultivated and harvested in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the cultivation period was 5 weeks and harvested one by one.
実施例１〜４及び比較例１において収穫したレッドオークを比較し、その結果を表１にまとめた。なお、葉長は最大のものを測定し、鮮度は収穫後室温にて１日放置した後の弾力性を評価した。歯ごたえがある順に実施例２→１→４→３である。 The red oaks harvested in Examples 1 to 4 and Comparative Example 1 were compared, and the results are summarized in Table 1. The maximum leaf length was measured, and the freshness was evaluated for elasticity after standing at room temperature for 1 day after harvest. Examples 2 → 1 → 4 → 3 in the order of crunch.
本発明によって、従来にない形態の葉物野菜を食卓に届けることができるとともに、鮮度が高いうちに消費しやすいので生ゴミを減らすことが可能となる。
According to the present invention, it is possible to deliver leafy vegetables in an unconventional form to the table, and it is easy to consume while the freshness is high, so it is possible to reduce garbage.
Claims (5)
当該葉物野菜を複数の葉を一体として収穫する工程を備えていることを特徴とする葉物野菜栽培方法。 A process of growing leafy vegetables until the leaf length is 10 cm or less, and
A method for cultivating leafy vegetables, comprising a step of harvesting the leafy vegetables as a plurality of leaves as one body.
The leafy vegetable cultivation method of Claim 1 or 2 provided with the process of irradiating the said leafy vegetable with the light which interrupted | blocked the light of any wavelength of 500 nm or less.
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| JP2006094092A JP2007267616A (en) | 2006-03-30 | 2006-03-30 | Method for cultivating leaf vegetable |
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Cited By (4)
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| JP2013153666A (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Method and material for raising plant |
| CN103392488A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-20 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting |
| WO2013191192A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Illumination device used to cultivate plants |
| WO2020013011A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Cultivation device and cultivation method for solanaceous seedlings |
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| JPH1142018A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-16 | Masayuki Morohashi | Soil cultivation of baby leaf vegetable |
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| JPS6463318A (en) * | 1987-09-02 | 1989-03-09 | Railway Technical Res Inst | Method for lighting used in rearing plant and fluorescent lamp therefor |
| JPH0937648A (en) * | 1995-07-28 | 1997-02-10 | Mitsubishi Chem Corp | Culture of plant by using light semiconductor as light source |
| JPH1142018A (en) * | 1997-07-25 | 1999-02-16 | Masayuki Morohashi | Soil cultivation of baby leaf vegetable |
Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2013153666A (en) * | 2012-01-27 | 2013-08-15 | Osaka Gas Co Ltd | Method and material for raising plant |
| WO2013191192A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2013-12-27 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | Illumination device used to cultivate plants |
| JP2014000049A (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2014-01-09 | Fujifilm Corp | Luminaire used for plant cultivation |
| US20150101246A1 (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2015-04-16 | Fujifilm Corporation | Illumination apparatus used for plant cultivation |
| TWI584725B (en) * | 2012-06-20 | 2017-06-01 | 富士軟片股份有限公司 | Lighting device for plant cultivation and cultivating method for plant |
| US9807945B2 (en) | 2012-06-20 | 2017-11-07 | Fujifilm Corporation | Illumination apparatus used for plant cultivation |
| CN103392488A (en) * | 2013-08-13 | 2013-11-20 | 镇江瑞繁农艺有限公司 | Method for raising seedlings of broccoli by cutting |
| WO2020013011A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2020-01-16 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Cultivation device and cultivation method for solanaceous seedlings |
| JPWO2020013011A1 (en) * | 2018-07-13 | 2021-08-02 | 三菱ケミカルアグリドリーム株式会社 | Cultivation equipment and cultivation method for solanaceous plant seedlings |
| JP7472788B2 (en) | 2018-07-13 | 2024-04-23 | 三菱ケミカルアクア・ソリューションズ株式会社 | Apparatus and method for cultivating seedlings of solanaceae plants |
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