JP2007240709A - Multifocal spectacles - Google Patents

Multifocal spectacles Download PDF

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JP2007240709A
JP2007240709A JP2006060850A JP2006060850A JP2007240709A JP 2007240709 A JP2007240709 A JP 2007240709A JP 2006060850 A JP2006060850 A JP 2006060850A JP 2006060850 A JP2006060850 A JP 2006060850A JP 2007240709 A JP2007240709 A JP 2007240709A
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liquid crystal
lens
crystal layer
voltage
multifocal
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Osamu Yamada
修 山田
Tomoaki Ban
知晃 伴
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/02—Lenses; Lens systems ; Methods of designing lenses
    • G02C7/08—Auxiliary lenses; Arrangements for varying focal length
    • G02C7/081—Ophthalmic lenses with variable focal length
    • G02C7/083—Electrooptic lenses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02C—SPECTACLES; SUNGLASSES OR GOGGLES INSOFAR AS THEY HAVE THE SAME FEATURES AS SPECTACLES; CONTACT LENSES
    • G02C7/00—Optical parts
    • G02C7/12—Polarisers

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Ophthalmology & Optometry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Eyeglasses (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide multifocal spectacles capable of repeatedly switching a plurality of focal lengths stepwise in cycles which are too short for a wearer to recognize. <P>SOLUTION: The multifocal spectacles has varifocal lenses having focus varying functions and a driving unit which drives the multifocal lenses. Each of the varifocal lenses has a polarizing plate which transmits polarized light only in one direction, first crystal having a function of switching the polarizing direction of transmitted light from the polarizing plate according to applied voltage values, and a birefringet lens. The driving unit has a voltage applying means of repeatedly applying a plurality of previously set voltage values to the polarizing unit stepwise in the predetermined cycles. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、複屈折性を有するレンズを用いた多焦点眼鏡に関するものである。   The present invention relates to multifocal glasses using a lens having birefringence.

主に高齢者が用いる多焦点レンズを有する遠近両用眼鏡は、単レンズの中に焦点の異なる２種類以上の焦点距離のレンズを配置し、被装着者のレンズ内の視線の位置を変えることで焦点を切り替える方式、レンズを回転させることで焦点を切り替える方式、単レンズを上下にシフトさせて切り替える方式、さらには、眼鏡自体を上下逆さにかけ直す方式が提案されている。また、新たな方式として、液晶を可変焦点レンズとして用いた方式や、複屈折材料からなるレンズを用いた方式などが提案されている。液晶を用いた可変焦点眼鏡は、レンズ内に配置された液晶部に印加する電圧を調整することで、液晶部の屈折率を変化させ、最適な焦点距離に調整することを特徴とするものであり、また、複屈折材料からなるレンズを用いた可変焦点眼鏡は、前記レンズへの入射光の偏光面を制御することで、焦点距離を切り替えることを特徴とするものである。（例えば、特許文献１、特許文献２および特許文献３参照）
特開昭６３−１３５９１６号公報 特開平１１−３５２４４５号公報 特開２００２−３２３６８０号公報 Perspective glasses with multifocal lenses mainly used by elderly people are arranged by disposing two or more types of focal length lenses with different focal points in a single lens and changing the position of the line of sight within the lens of the wearer. There are proposed a method of switching the focus, a method of switching the focus by rotating the lens, a method of switching by shifting the single lens up and down, and a method of applying the glasses themselves upside down. As new methods, a method using a liquid crystal as a variable focus lens, a method using a lens made of a birefringent material, and the like have been proposed. The variable focus glasses using liquid crystal is characterized by adjusting the voltage applied to the liquid crystal unit arranged in the lens to change the refractive index of the liquid crystal unit and adjusting it to the optimum focal length. In addition, varifocal spectacles using a lens made of a birefringent material is characterized in that the focal length is switched by controlling the plane of polarization of light incident on the lens. (For example, see Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3)
JP-A-63-135916 JP-A-11-352445 JP 2002-323680 A

従来の単レンズの中に焦点の異なる複数のレンズを設けた多焦点眼鏡は、手元など近傍を見る場合と風景など遠方を見る場合では、レンズ内の視線の位置を変えるか、レンズ自体を回転もしくは上下に切り替える作業が必要であった。また、従来の液晶を用いた可変焦点眼鏡においても、液晶に印加する電圧の切り替え作業が必要であり、複屈折材料からなるレンズを用いた可変焦点眼鏡においても、レンズへの入射光の偏光の切換作業が必要であった。特に、自動車の運転において、運転者は、近傍のスピードメータなどの確認と遠方の道路情報の認識を常に行う必要があるが、従来の多焦点眼鏡や可変焦点眼鏡では、注視点に合わせた焦点距離の切り替えが難しかった。   Multifocal glasses with multiple lenses with different focal points in a conventional single lens can change the position of the line of sight within the lens or rotate the lens itself when looking at the vicinity such as the hand or when looking at the distance such as landscape. Or it was necessary to switch up and down. In addition, even in conventional variable focus glasses using liquid crystals, it is necessary to switch the voltage applied to the liquid crystal, and even in variable focus glasses using lenses made of birefringent materials, the polarization of the light incident on the lenses can be changed. Switching work was necessary. In particular, when driving a car, the driver must always check for nearby speedometers and recognize distant road information. However, with conventional multi-focus glasses and variable-focus glasses, the focus is adjusted to the point of interest. It was difficult to switch distances.

本発明は、これらの課題を解決するもので、複屈折性を有するレンズへの入射光線の偏光方向を、短時間の周期でステップ的に常光と異常光とに繰返し変化させることにより、２つの焦点距離を有する多焦点眼鏡を実現するものである。   The present invention solves these problems, and by repeatedly changing the polarization direction of the incident light to the birefringent lens into ordinary light and extraordinary light step by step in a short period of time, This is to realize multifocal glasses having a focal length.

前記の課題を解決するために、本発明の多焦点眼鏡は、可変焦点機能を有する可変焦点レンズと、前記可変焦点レンズを駆動する駆動ユニットを備え、前記可変焦点レンズは、光源側から同一光軸上に、一方向の偏光のみを透過させる偏光板と、印加された電圧値により前記偏光板からの透過光の偏光方向を直交する２方向のどちらかに切り替える機能を有する第１の液晶層と、前記第１の液晶層から透過光の直交する２方向の偏光方向に対して、常光と異常光の位置関係になるように配置された複屈折性を有するレンズとが順次配置され、前記駆動ユニットは、前記第１の液晶層に、予め設定した複数の電圧値を所定の周期以下でステップ的に繰返し印加する電圧印加回路を有する手段を有する。これにより、前記可変焦点レンズの焦点距離は、人間の視覚で認識できない短時間の周期でステップ的に繰返し変化し、前記可変焦点レンズを有する眼鏡は、多焦点眼鏡としての機能を発生する。   In order to solve the above-described problem, the multifocal glasses of the present invention include a variable focus lens having a variable focus function and a drive unit for driving the variable focus lens, and the variable focus lens has the same light from the light source side. A first liquid crystal layer having a polarizing plate that transmits only polarized light in one direction on the axis, and a function of switching the polarization direction of transmitted light from the polarizing plate to one of two directions orthogonal to each other according to an applied voltage value. And birefringent lenses arranged so as to be in a positional relationship between ordinary light and extraordinary light with respect to two directions of polarization orthogonal to transmitted light from the first liquid crystal layer, The drive unit includes means having a voltage application circuit that repeatedly applies a plurality of preset voltage values stepwise within a predetermined period to the first liquid crystal layer. As a result, the focal length of the variable focal length lens repeatedly changes stepwise in a short period that cannot be recognized by human vision, and the spectacles having the variable focal length lens function as multifocal spectacles.

本発明の多焦点眼鏡によれば、非装着者から注視点までの距離が近傍の場合でも遠方の場合でも、注視点までの焦点距離が合うようにレンズ内の視線を移動したり、眼鏡の焦点距離の切換作業をすることが不要となり、簡単かつ快適に多焦点眼鏡からなる遠近両用眼鏡を利用できるようになる。   According to the multifocal spectacles of the present invention, the line of sight in the lens is moved so that the focal length to the gazing point matches, whether the distance from the non-wearer to the gazing point is near or far away, It becomes unnecessary to perform the focal length switching operation, and it becomes possible to use the bifocal glasses composed of multifocal glasses easily and comfortably.

以下に、本発明の眼鏡の実施の形態を図面とともに説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the glasses of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は、多焦点眼鏡の基本構成を示す。１は、可変焦点レンズで、１６は、可変焦点レンズ１を保持するリム、１７は左右のリム１６を連結するブリッジである。また、１８はヨロイであり、テンプル１９とリム１６を連結する。また、２０はモダンでありテンプル１９の一端に設けられた耳当て、２１はパッドでありリム１６に設けられた鼻当てである。また、８は可変焦点レンズ１に電圧を印加する駆動ユニットであり、接続線７ａおよび接続線７ｂで左右の可変焦点レンズ１が並列に接続されている。図１では、左右の可変焦点レンズ１が接続線７ａおよび接続線７ｂにより駆動ユニット８に並列に接続されているが、左右の可変焦点レンズ１に独立の駆動ユニット８を接続しても良い。   FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of multifocal glasses. Reference numeral 1 denotes a variable focus lens, 16 denotes a rim that holds the variable focus lens 1, and 17 denotes a bridge that connects the left and right rims 16. Reference numeral 18 denotes an armor that connects the temple 19 and the rim 16. Reference numeral 20 denotes a modern ear pad provided at one end of the temple 19, and reference numeral 21 denotes a pad, a nose pad provided on the rim 16. Reference numeral 8 denotes a drive unit that applies a voltage to the variable focus lens 1, and the left and right variable focus lenses 1 are connected in parallel by a connection line 7a and a connection line 7b. In FIG. 1, the left and right variable focus lenses 1 are connected in parallel to the drive unit 8 by connection lines 7 a and 7 b, but independent drive units 8 may be connected to the left and right variable focus lenses 1.

図２は、可変焦点レンズ１および駆動ユニット８の基本構成を示す。ここで、ｚ軸は、可変焦点レンズ１の中心光軸とし、左側が光源で右側が被装着者の眼の方向とする。また、ｙ軸はｚ軸に垂直な１方向とし、ｘ軸はｚ軸およびｙ軸と垂直な方向とする。   FIG. 2 shows the basic configuration of the variable focus lens 1 and the drive unit 8. Here, the z-axis is the central optical axis of the variable focus lens 1, the left side is the light source, and the right side is the eye direction of the wearer. The y axis is one direction perpendicular to the z axis, and the x axis is a direction perpendicular to the z axis and the y axis.

可変焦点レンズ１は、ｚ軸を光軸中心として配列された、第１面および第２面からなる偏光板３０と、偏光ユニット３と、レンズユニット２とから構成される。偏光板３０は、プラスティック製のダイクロック偏光シートをガラス板の間に挟み込んだ構造を有しており、光源からの入射した自然光線の内、ｘ方向の偏光成分を吸収し、ｙ方向の偏光成分のみ透過させる性質を有する。偏光ユニット３は、第３面および第４面からなる第１の光学ウィンドウ２４と、第５面および第６面からなる第２の光学ウィンドウ２５と、第１の光学ウィンドウ２４の第４面に形成された透明電極２６と、第２の光学ウィンドウ２５の第５面に形成された透明電極２７と、透明電極２６と透明電極２７との間に充填された第１の液晶層２８から構成されている。また、透明電極２６と透明電極２７は、接続線７ａおよび接続線７ｂを介して、駆動ユニット８に接続され、透明電極２６と透明電極２７の間に駆動電圧が印加されるようになっている。さらに、透明電極２６はｙ方向に、透明電極２７はｘ方向に、それぞれポリビニールアルコール（以下、ＰＶＡ）によるラビング処理が施されている。そのため、透明電極２６および透明電極２７の間に電圧が印加されない場合、液晶分子２２は、透明電極２６の近傍ではｙ方向に配向し、透明電極２７に近づくにつれて徐々に捩れ、透明電極２７の近傍ではｘ方向に配向する。したがって、駆動ユニット８から所定の電圧が印加されてない状態では、偏光板３０を透過したｙ方向に偏光した透過光線は、偏光ユニット３を透過することで９０度変換され、ｘ方向の偏光成分の光線に変換される。また、透明電極２６および透明電極２７の間に所定の電圧が印加された場合、第１の液晶層２８の液晶分子２２は、ｚ軸方向に配向する。（図３を参照）従って、駆動ユニットから所定の電圧が印加された状態では、偏光板３０を透過したｙ方向に偏光した透過光線は、偏光ユニット３を透過しても偏光方向は変換されない。即ち、偏光ユニット３は、駆動ユニット８からの印加電圧の電圧値により、透過した光線の偏光方向を直交するｙ方向またはｘ方向のどちらかに切り替える機能を有する。   The varifocal lens 1 includes a polarizing plate 30 having a first surface and a second surface, a polarizing unit 3 and a lens unit 2 arranged with the z axis as the center of the optical axis. The polarizing plate 30 has a structure in which a plastic dichroic polarizing sheet is sandwiched between glass plates, absorbs a polarized light component in the x direction, and only a polarized light component in the y direction, among natural rays incident from a light source. It has the property of transmitting. The polarization unit 3 includes a first optical window 24 composed of a third surface and a fourth surface, a second optical window 25 composed of a fifth surface and a sixth surface, and a fourth surface of the first optical window 24. The transparent electrode 26 is formed, the transparent electrode 27 formed on the fifth surface of the second optical window 25, and the first liquid crystal layer 28 filled between the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27. ing. The transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 are connected to the drive unit 8 via the connection line 7a and the connection line 7b, and a drive voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27. . Further, the transparent electrode 26 is rubbed with polyvinyl alcohol (hereinafter referred to as PVA) in the y direction and the transparent electrode 27 is rubbed in the x direction. Therefore, when no voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27, the liquid crystal molecules 22 are oriented in the y direction in the vicinity of the transparent electrode 26, and gradually twist as they approach the transparent electrode 27. Then, it is oriented in the x direction. Therefore, in a state where a predetermined voltage is not applied from the drive unit 8, the transmitted light polarized in the y direction that has passed through the polarizing plate 30 is converted by 90 degrees by passing through the polarizing unit 3, and the polarization component in the x direction. Is converted to. Further, when a predetermined voltage is applied between the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27, the liquid crystal molecules 22 of the first liquid crystal layer 28 are aligned in the z-axis direction. Therefore, in a state where a predetermined voltage is applied from the drive unit, the transmitted light polarized in the y direction that has been transmitted through the polarizing plate 30 is not converted in polarization direction even though it is transmitted through the polarizing unit 3. That is, the polarization unit 3 has a function of switching the polarization direction of the transmitted light beam to either the y direction or the x direction orthogonal to each other according to the voltage value of the applied voltage from the drive unit 8.

レンズユニット２は、第７面および第８面からなる両凸レンズの形状を有する第１のレンズ４と、第９面および第１０面からなる一面が凸面で他面が凹面の形状を有するメニスカスレンズの第３のレンズ６と、第８面と第９面の間に充填された第２の液晶層２９からなる凹面の形状を有するメニスカスレンズの第３のレンズ６から構成されている。また、第１のレンズ４の第８面と第３のレンズの第９面には、それぞれ、ｙ方向とｘ方向のＰＶＡによるラビング処理が施されており、第２の液晶層２９の液晶分子２３は、第１のレンズ４の第８面の近傍でｙ方向に配向され、第３のレンズ６の第９面の近傍でｘ方向に配向されている。一般的に配向された液晶層は、配向方向に平行な方向の偏光（異常光線）に対する屈折率ｎｅと配向方向と直角な方向の偏光（常光線）に対する屈折率ｎｏが異なっており、屈折率ｎｅが屈折率ｎｏより大きな値の複屈折性を有している。レンズユニット２においては、偏光ユニット３からの入射光線の偏光方向がｙ方向の場合、第２のレンズ５には異常光線として入射し、偏光方向が９０度変換されｘ方向の偏光として第３のレンズ６に射出される。また、偏光ユニット３からの入射光線の偏光方向がｘ方向の場合、第２のレンズ５には常光線として入射し、偏光方向が９０度変換されｙ方向の偏光として第３のレンズ６に射出される。これにより、第２のレンズ５の単体は、偏光ユニット３からの入射光線の偏光方向が、ｙ方向（異常光線）の場合、正負の焦点距離が短くなり、ｘ方向（常光線）の場合、正負の焦点距離が長くなる。即ち、焦点距離が変化する機能を有する。 The lens unit 2 includes a first lens 4 having a biconvex lens shape composed of a seventh surface and an eighth surface, and a meniscus lens having a convex surface on the one surface composed of the ninth surface and the tenth surface and a concave surface on the other surface. The third lens 6 and the third lens 6 of a meniscus lens having a concave shape composed of the second liquid crystal layer 29 filled between the eighth and ninth surfaces. The eighth surface of the first lens 4 and the ninth surface of the third lens are rubbed by PVA in the y direction and the x direction, respectively, and the liquid crystal molecules of the second liquid crystal layer 29 23 is oriented in the y direction near the eighth surface of the first lens 4 and oriented in the x direction near the ninth surface of the third lens 6. Generally oriented liquid crystal layer have different refractive index n o for the refractive index n e and the alignment direction perpendicular to the direction of polarization for the polarization direction parallel to the orientation direction (extraordinary ray) (ordinary ray), refractive index n e has a birefringence of greater value than the refractive index n o. In the lens unit 2, when the polarization direction of the incident light from the polarization unit 3 is in the y direction, the incident light enters the second lens 5 as an extraordinary light, and the polarization direction is converted by 90 degrees to obtain the third polarization as polarized light in the x direction. It is emitted to the lens 6. When the polarization direction of the incident light from the polarization unit 3 is the x direction, the light enters the second lens 5 as an ordinary light, and the polarization direction is converted by 90 degrees and emitted to the third lens 6 as polarized light in the y direction. Is done. Thereby, when the polarization direction of the incident light from the polarization unit 3 is the y direction (abnormal light), the positive and negative focal lengths are shortened in the single lens of the second lens 5, and when the x direction (ordinary light) is used, Positive and negative focal lengths become longer. That is, it has a function of changing the focal length.

ここで、第１のレンズ４の第８面のラビング方向と、第３面のレンズ６の第９面のラビングの配向に９０度の違いを設けているのは、第１のレンズ４の第８面および第３のレンズの第９面において、透過光線の位置によりラビング方向（＝液晶分子の分子軸方向）とレンズの曲率方向が異なるために発生した屈折率の違いを相殺するためである。ここで、第１のレンズ４の第８面の曲率半径と、第３のレンズ６の第９面の曲率半径はほぼ等しく、さらに、第１のレンズ４と第３のレンズ６の屈折率もまたほぼ等しいことが望ましい。また、第２の液晶層２９からなる第２のレンズ５は、負の焦点距離を有する両凹レンズの形状として説明したが、正の焦点距離を有する両凸レンズの形状でも良い。但し、可変焦点レンズ１を近視補正および手元補正用の遠近両用レンズとして用いるには、第１のレンズ４および第３のレンズ６の少なくても一方の焦点距離の符号は、第２のレンズ５の焦点距離の符号と逆である負でなければならない。このように、偏光板３０と偏光ユニット３とレンズユニット２を組み合わせることで、駆動ユニットからの電圧値により、可変焦点レンズ１の焦点距離を切り替えることが可能となる。   Here, the difference between the rubbing direction of the eighth surface of the first lens 4 and the rubbing orientation of the ninth surface of the lens 6 of the third surface is 90 degrees. This is to offset the difference in refractive index that occurs because the rubbing direction (= the molecular axis direction of the liquid crystal molecules) and the curvature direction of the lens differ on the eighth surface and the ninth surface of the third lens depending on the position of the transmitted light. . Here, the radius of curvature of the eighth surface of the first lens 4 and the radius of curvature of the ninth surface of the third lens 6 are substantially equal, and the refractive indexes of the first lens 4 and the third lens 6 are also equal. It is desirable that they are approximately equal. Further, the second lens 5 made of the second liquid crystal layer 29 has been described as a biconcave lens shape having a negative focal length, but may be a biconvex lens shape having a positive focal length. However, in order to use the variable focus lens 1 as a near / far lens for near vision correction and hand correction, the sign of the focal length of at least one of the first lens 4 and the third lens 6 is the second lens 5. Must be negative, which is the opposite of the sign of the focal length. Thus, by combining the polarizing plate 30, the polarizing unit 3, and the lens unit 2, it becomes possible to switch the focal length of the variable focus lens 1 according to the voltage value from the drive unit.

駆動ユニット８は、発振回路９、信号波発生回路１０、変調回路１４、スイッチ１１から構成されている。信号波発生回路１０は、２値の直流電圧の電圧値を所定の周期でステップ的で繰り返す信号波を発生する。発振回路９は、第１の液晶層２８に印加する交流電圧の基本波（搬送波）を発生する。また、変調回路１４は、基本波を信号波で振幅変調し、接続線７ａおよび接続線７ｂを介して透明電極４および透明電極５に交流電圧として印加する。スイッチ１１は、接続線７ｂの途中に設けられ透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加する電圧を入・切できるようになっている。第１の液晶層２８に印加する交流電圧の周期は、液晶２２の配向の応答速度より高くすることが必要で、一般的に用いられる周波数（＝１／周期）は、０．１ＫＨｚから１００ＫＨｚ程度が望ましい。しかし、本発明において、信号波発生回路１０からの信号波の周期は、４０ｍｓｅｃから５ｍｓｅｃ程度であり、交流電圧の周波数は、信号波の周波数（＝１／周期）より約１桁以上で、かつ、高分子分散液晶層６の応答速度より高いことが望ましい。具体的に望ましい信号波の周波数は、１ＫＨｚから１００ＫＨｚである。   The drive unit 8 includes an oscillation circuit 9, a signal wave generation circuit 10, a modulation circuit 14, and a switch 11. The signal wave generation circuit 10 generates a signal wave that repeats the voltage value of the binary DC voltage stepwise in a predetermined cycle. The oscillation circuit 9 generates a fundamental wave (carrier wave) of an AC voltage applied to the first liquid crystal layer 28. Also, the modulation circuit 14 modulates the amplitude of the fundamental wave with a signal wave, and applies it as an alternating voltage to the transparent electrode 4 and the transparent electrode 5 via the connection line 7a and the connection line 7b. The switch 11 is provided in the middle of the connection line 7b so that the voltage applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 can be turned on / off. The period of the alternating voltage applied to the first liquid crystal layer 28 needs to be higher than the response speed of the alignment of the liquid crystal 22, and the generally used frequency (= 1 / period) is about 0.1 KHz to 100 KHz. Is desirable. However, in the present invention, the period of the signal wave from the signal wave generation circuit 10 is about 40 msec to 5 msec, the frequency of the AC voltage is about one digit or more than the frequency of the signal wave (= 1 / period), and It is desirable that the response speed of the polymer dispersed liquid crystal layer 6 is higher. The frequency of the specifically desired signal wave is 1 KHz to 100 KHz.

次に、変調回路１４から出力され、透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加される交流電圧の波形について図４を用いて説明する。図４の交流電圧は、周期ｔ１（周波数ｆ１）であり、Ｅｍ１およびＥｍ２（≒０Ｖ）の２つの電圧値を、周期ｔ４で、ステップ的に繰り返す波形である。信号波の周期ｔ４のうち、電圧値Ｅｍ１の時間をｔ２、電圧値Ｅｍ２の時間をｔ３とすると、第１の液晶層２８の液晶分子２２は、ｔ２の時間でｚ軸方向に配向し、ｔ３の時間でラビング方向に配向する。従って、第２のレンズ５の単体での焦点距離は、ｔ２の時間で短く、ｔ３の時間で長くなる。すなわち、可変焦点レンズ１を有する眼鏡を装着した被装着者は、遠方に焦点が合った像と近傍に焦点が合った像を、ｔ４の周期で繰返し見ることになる。   Next, the waveform of the AC voltage output from the modulation circuit 14 and applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 will be described with reference to FIG. The AC voltage in FIG. 4 has a period t1 (frequency f1), and is a waveform in which two voltage values of Em1 and Em2 (≈0 V) are repeated stepwise at a period t4. Of the period t4 of the signal wave, when the time of the voltage value Em1 is t2, and the time of the voltage value Em2 is t3, the liquid crystal molecules 22 of the first liquid crystal layer 28 are aligned in the z-axis direction at the time t2, and t3 In the rubbing direction in the time of Therefore, the focal length of the second lens 5 as a single unit is short at time t2 and long at time t3. That is, the wearer wearing the spectacles having the variable focus lens 1 repeatedly sees the image focused in the distance and the image focused in the vicinity at a period of t4.

次にｔ４の周期の違いによる多焦点レンズ１の見え方について説明する。ｔ４の周期が約４０ｍｓｅｃ以上の場合、被装着者には可変焦点レンズ１の焦点距離の切り替えを明確に認識される。そのため、４０ｍｓｅｃ以上の周期ｔ４は、遠近両用の眼鏡としては用いられない。また、ｔ４の周期が４０ｍｓｅｃから２０ｍｓｅｃ程度の場合、被装着者には、遠方に焦点があった像と近傍に焦点が合った像が合成された像として認識されるが、焦点距離の切り替えは、ちらつきとして認識される。さらに、ｔ４の周期が２０ｍｓｅｃ以下になると、遠方に焦点があった像と近傍に焦点が合った像が合成された像として認識され、焦点距離の切り替えによるちらつきは認識されなくなる。すなわち、可変焦点レンズの焦点距離の切り替えを４０ｍｓｅｃ以下の周期で行うと擬似的な多焦点レンズを実現でき、さらには、焦点距離の切り替えを２０ｍｓｅｃ以下の周期で行うと、ちらつきもなく良好な多焦点レンズを実現できる。   Next, how the multifocal lens 1 appears due to the difference in the period of t4 will be described. When the period of t4 is about 40 msec or more, the wearer can clearly recognize the switching of the focal length of the variable focus lens 1. For this reason, the period t4 of 40 msec or longer is not used as a pair of spectacles. In addition, when the period of t4 is about 40 msec to 20 msec, the wearer recognizes that the image focused in the distance and the image focused in the vicinity are combined, but the focal length is switched. , Recognized as flicker. Further, when the period of t4 is 20 msec or less, an image focused in the distance and an image focused in the vicinity are recognized as a combined image, and flicker due to switching of the focal length is not recognized. That is, a pseudo multifocal lens can be realized when the focal length of the variable focal length lens is switched at a cycle of 40 msec or less, and further, when the focal length is switched at a cycle of 20 msec or less, a good multi-lens without flickering is achieved. A focal lens can be realized.

図２、図３および図４では、交流電圧を透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加する場合について説明したが、図５で示すような直流電圧を印加しても良い。この場合は、図２で示す発振回路９および変調回路１４が不要であり、信号波発生回路１０からの電圧信号を増幅するだけで、透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加することができる。
（実験結果）
次に実験結果について、図６および表１を用いて説明する。 2, 3, and 4, the case where an AC voltage is applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 has been described. However, a DC voltage as shown in FIG. 5 may be applied. In this case, the oscillation circuit 9 and the modulation circuit 14 shown in FIG. 2 are unnecessary, and can be applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 only by amplifying the voltage signal from the signal wave generation circuit 10.
(Experimental result)
Next, experimental results will be described with reference to FIG.

まず、実験に用いた可変焦点レンズについて、図６を用いて説明する。   First, the variable focus lens used in the experiment will be described with reference to FIG.

偏光板３０は、波長域が３５０から６５０ｎｍのダイクロックシート偏光板を用いた。
第１の光学ウィンドウ２４および第２の光学ウィンドウ２５は、予め約０．１μｍ程度ＩＴＯ膜が形成とラビング処理が施されたガラスを用いた。引出し線７ａおよび引出し線７ｂは、導電ペーストを用いて、第１の光学ウィンドウ２４および第２の光学ウィンドウ２５のＩＴＯ電極に接続した。第１の液晶層２８には、９０度ツイストが可能なネマティック液晶を用いた。第１のレンズ４は、ｆ（焦点距離）９５ｍの平凸レンズで、第８面のＲ１は、４９ｍｍ、材質はｎ（屈折率）１．５１８のＢＫ７とした。第３のレンズ６は、ｆ（焦点距離）２００のメニスカスレンズで、第９面のＲ２は、４９ｍｍ、材質は、ｎ（屈折率）１．５１８のＢＫ７とした。また、第１のレンズ４の第８面と第３のレンズ６の第９面は、ＰＶＡに役２０分程度浸漬した後、ラビング処理を施した。第２の液晶層２９には、ｎｏ＝１．５１、ｎｅ＝１．７２の屈折率を有する光学素子用の液晶を用いた。組立は、リム１６の内部に、偏光板３０、第１の光学ウィンドウ２４、第２の光学ウィンドウ、第１のレンズ４、第３のレンズ６は、ラビング処理の方向を所定の向きになるように取り付けた。その時点で、第１の液晶層２８の間隔Ｌ１は約１０μｍで、第２の液晶層２９の間隔Ｌ２は０．５ｍｍであった。その後、リム１６の充填口（不表示）から、第１の液晶層２８、第２の液晶層２９を充填した。その後、可変焦点レンズ１の焦点距離の測定を行い、印加電圧が０Ｖで−４０００ｍｍ、１０Ｖで−４７０ｍｍの値を得た。各レンズおよび、第１の透明電極２６と透明電極２７との間の印加電圧条件を以下に示す。 As the polarizing plate 30, a dichroic sheet polarizing plate having a wavelength range of 350 to 650 nm was used.
As the first optical window 24 and the second optical window 25, glass on which an ITO film of about 0.1 μm was formed and rubbed in advance was used. The lead line 7a and the lead line 7b were connected to the ITO electrodes of the first optical window 24 and the second optical window 25 using a conductive paste. As the first liquid crystal layer 28, nematic liquid crystal capable of twisting by 90 degrees was used. The first lens 4 is a plano-convex lens having an f (focal length) of 95 m, the R1 of the eighth surface is 49 mm, and the material is BK7 having an n (refractive index) of 1.518. The third lens 6 is a meniscus lens of f (focal length) 200, and the second surface R2 is 49 mm and the material is BK7 of n (refractive index) 1.518. The eighth surface of the first lens 4 and the ninth surface of the third lens 6 were dipped in PVA for about 20 minutes and then rubbed. As the second liquid crystal layer 29, a liquid crystal for an optical element having a refractive index of n o = 1.51 and n e = 1.72 was used. In assembling, the polarizing plate 30, the first optical window 24, the second optical window, the first lens 4, and the third lens 6 are placed in the rim 16 so that the rubbing process is in a predetermined direction. Attached to. At that time, the distance L1 between the first liquid crystal layers 28 was about 10 μm, and the distance L2 between the second liquid crystal layers 29 was 0.5 mm. Thereafter, the first liquid crystal layer 28 and the second liquid crystal layer 29 were filled from the filling port (not shown) of the rim 16. Thereafter, the focal length of the varifocal lens 1 was measured, and a value of −470 mm was obtained when the applied voltage was 0 V and −4000 mm and 10 V, respectively. The applied voltage conditions between each lens and the first transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 are shown below.

第１のレンズ ：
平凸レンズ
ｆ（焦点距離）＝９５ｍｍ
ｎ（屈折率）＝１．５１８
Ｒ１ ＝ ４９ｍｍ
第２のレンズ ：
メニスカスレンズ
ｆ ＝ ２００ｍｍ
ｎ ＝ １．５１８
Ｒ２ ＝ ４９ｍｍ
可変焦点レンズ１ ：
ｆ（焦点距離） ＝ 約−４０００ｍｍ （ ０Ｖ印加時 ）
ｆ ＝ −４７０ｍｍ （ ２５Ｖ印加時 ）
印加電圧 ：
周波数５ＫＨｚの交流電圧
電圧 １Ｖ、２５Ｖ
信号波の周期 １００ｍｓｅｃ、４０ｍｓｅｃ、２０ｍｓｅｃ、１３ｍｓｅｃ、１０ｍｓｅｃ、５ｍｓｅｃ
上記眼鏡を装着する被験者は、度数−３の近視と、手元補正度数−２の老眼を有する被験者とした。また、評価方法は、被験者が多焦点眼鏡を装着し、遠方２０ｍと近傍０．３ｍに設置した所定の物体のフォーカスの状態と、ちらつき度合いについて評価した。 First lens:
Plano-convex lens f (focal length) = 95 mm
n (refractive index) = 1.518
R1 = 49mm
Second lens:
Meniscus lens f = 200mm
n = 1.518
R2 = 49mm
Variable focus lens 1:
f (focal length) = about −4000 mm (when 0 V is applied)
f = -470mm (when 25V is applied)
Applied voltage:
AC voltage with frequency 5KHz Voltage 1V, 25V
Signal wave period 100 msec, 40 msec, 20 msec, 13 msec, 10 msec, 5 msec
The subject wearing the glasses was a subject having myopia of power -3 and presbyopia of hand correction power -2. In addition, the evaluation method evaluated the state of focus and the degree of flickering of a predetermined object that was placed by a subject wearing multifocal glasses and located 20 m away and 0.3 m nearby.

実験結果を図７に示す。実験の結果、信号波の周期（ｔ２）が２０ｍｓｅｃ以下の条件では、ちらつきが殆ど無いことが判明した。さらに、信号波の周期が１３ｍｓｅｃ以下且つ５ｍｓｅｃ以上の条件では、ちらつきが全くないことも判明した。また、どの信号波の周期の条件においても、遠方（２０ｍ）および近傍（０．３ｍ）のフォーカスの状態は、ほぼ良好以上であった。但し、信号の周期が１００ｍｓｅｃの条件では、他の条件と比較してフォーカスの状態がやや劣化した。   The experimental results are shown in FIG. As a result of the experiment, it was found that there was almost no flicker under the condition that the period (t2) of the signal wave was 20 msec or less. Further, it has been found that there is no flicker under the condition that the period of the signal wave is 13 msec or less and 5 msec or more. Further, in any signal wave period, the distant (20 m) and near (0.3 m) focus states were substantially better or better. However, under the condition where the signal cycle was 100 msec, the focus state was slightly degraded as compared with other conditions.

ところで、被験者は、全ての条件において、遠方（２０ｍ）および近傍（０．３ｍ）の両方ともフォーカスが合ってない像も見ているはずである。しかし、全ての条件でフォーカスの状態がほぼ良好であったのは、人間が、フォーカスの状態が合った像を無意識に選択的していると思われる。   By the way, under all conditions, the subject should have also seen an image in which both the distant (20 m) and the vicinity (0.3 m) are out of focus. However, the reason that the focus state was almost good under all conditions seems to be that the human is unconsciously selecting an image in focus.

以上の実験結果から、可変焦点レンズの２種類の焦点距離の切り替えを、４０ｍｓｅｃ以下の周期でステップ的に行うことで、遠方と近傍の両方にフォーカス状態が合った２焦点眼鏡を実現できることを確認した。   From the above experimental results, it was confirmed that bifocal spectacles that are in focus at both far and near positions can be realized by switching the two focal lengths of the variable focus lens stepwise with a period of 40 msec or less. did.

本発明にかかる多焦点眼鏡は、可変焦点レンズの複数の焦点距離を人間が認識できない周期でステップ的に切り替えることにより、近場と遠方の両方に同時に焦点が合った眼鏡を実現することができ、従来の多焦点眼鏡のような、レンズ内の視線の移動や、焦点距離の切換作業が不要となる。特に、高齢者が自動車の運転等を行う場合に、遠方の道路情報の認識と近傍のメータ等の確認を、眼鏡の焦点が合った状態で行えるため、安全運転等に有用なものである。   The multifocal spectacles according to the present invention can realize spectacles that are simultaneously focused in both the near field and the far field by stepwise switching a plurality of focal lengths of the variable focus lens at a period that cannot be recognized by humans. Thus, it is not necessary to move the line of sight within the lens and to change the focal length as in conventional multifocal glasses. In particular, when an elderly person drives a car or the like, recognition of distant road information and confirmation of a nearby meter or the like can be performed with glasses in focus, which is useful for safe driving and the like.

本発明の多焦点眼鏡の概要を示す図The figure which shows the outline | summary of the multifocal spectacles of this invention 本発明の可変焦点レンズ１と駆動ユニット８の基本構成を示す図The figure which shows the basic composition of the variable focus lens 1 and the drive unit 8 of this invention. 偏光ユニット３に電圧を印加する状態を示す図The figure which shows the state which applies a voltage to the polarization unit 3 透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加される交流電圧の波形を示す図The figure which shows the waveform of the alternating voltage applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 透明電極２６および透明電極２７に印加される直流電圧の波形を示す図The figure which shows the waveform of the DC voltage applied to the transparent electrode 26 and the transparent electrode 27 実験に用いた多焦点眼鏡の概要を示す図Diagram showing the outline of the multifocal glasses used in the experiment 実験結果を示す図Figure showing experimental results

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 可変焦点レンズ
２ レンズユニット
３ 偏光ユニット
４ 第１のレンズ
５ 第２のレンズ
６ 第３のレンズ
７ａ 接続線
７ｂ 接続線
８ 駆動ユニット
９ 発振回路
１０ 信号波発生回路
１１ スイッチ
１２ マイクロカプセル
１３ 液晶分子
１４ 変調回路
１５ 高分子
１６ リム
１７ ブリッジ
１８ ヨロイ
１９ テンプル
２０ モダン
２２ 液晶分子
２３ 液晶分子
２４ 第１の光学ウィンドウ
２５ 第２の光学ウィンドウ
２６ 透明電極
２７ 透明電極
２８ 第１の液晶層
２９ 第２の液晶層
３０ 偏光板 1 Variable focus lens 2 Lens unit
3 Polarizing unit
4 First lens
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 5 2nd lens 6 3rd lens 7a Connection line 7b Connection line 8 Drive unit 9 Oscillation circuit 10 Signal wave generation circuit 11 Switch 12 Microcapsule 13 Liquid crystal molecule 14 Modulation circuit 15 Polymer 16 Rim 17 Bridge 18 Eloy 19 Temple 20 Modern 22 Liquid crystal molecule 23 Liquid crystal molecule 24 First optical window 25 Second optical window 26 Transparent electrode 27 Transparent electrode 28 First liquid crystal layer 29 Second liquid crystal layer 30 Polarizing plate

Claims (7)

可変焦点レンズと、前記可変焦点レンズを駆動する駆動ユニットを備えた多焦点眼鏡において、前記可変焦点レンズは、一方向の偏光のみ透過させる偏光板と、印加する電圧により前記偏光板の透過光の偏光方向を、直交する２方向のどちらかに切り替える機能を有する第１の液晶層と、前記第１の液晶層の透過光の直交する２方向の偏向方向が、常光と異常光の位置関係になるよう配置された複屈折性を有するレンズとを有し、前記駆動ユニットは、前記第１の液晶層に、予め設定した２値の電圧値を所定の周期でステップ的に繰返し印加する印加手段を有することを特徴とした多焦点眼鏡。 In a multifocal spectacle having a variable focus lens and a drive unit for driving the variable focus lens, the variable focus lens includes a polarizing plate that transmits only polarized light in one direction, and a transmission voltage of the polarizing plate by an applied voltage. The first liquid crystal layer having the function of switching the polarization direction to one of two orthogonal directions and the two orthogonal directions of deflection of the transmitted light of the first liquid crystal layer are in a positional relationship between ordinary light and abnormal light. And an application means for repeatedly applying a preset binary voltage value in a predetermined cycle to the first liquid crystal layer in a stepwise manner. Multifocal glasses characterized by comprising: 前記複屈折性を有するレンズは、第２の液晶層であることを特徴とした請求項１に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 The multifocal glasses according to claim 1, wherein the birefringent lens is a second liquid crystal layer. 前記複屈折性を有するレンズは、第２の液晶層であって、第２の液晶層の入射側の液晶分子の配向方向と出射側の液晶分子の配向方向が９０度異なることを特徴とした請求項１に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 The lens having birefringence is a second liquid crystal layer, wherein the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules on the incident side of the second liquid crystal layer is different from the alignment direction of liquid crystal molecules on the output side by 90 degrees. The multifocal glasses according to claim 1. 前記駆動ユニットは、前記第１の液晶層に、予め設定した２値の電圧値を所定の周期以下でステップ的に繰返し印加することを特徴とした請求項３に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 4. The multifocal glasses according to claim 3, wherein the drive unit repeatedly applies a preset binary voltage value stepwise to the first liquid crystal layer in a predetermined period or less. 5. 前記駆動ユニットは、前記第１の液晶層に、予め設定した２値の電圧値を２０ｍｓｅｃ以下の周期でステップ的に繰返し印加することを特徴とした請求項３に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 4. The multifocal glasses according to claim 3, wherein the driving unit repeatedly applies a preset binary voltage value stepwise to the first liquid crystal layer in a cycle of 20 msec or less. 前記第１の液晶層に、印加する電圧は１ｋＨｚ以上の周波数の交流電圧であることを特徴とした請求項４に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 5. The multifocal glasses according to claim 4, wherein the voltage applied to the first liquid crystal layer is an AC voltage having a frequency of 1 kHz or more. 前記第１の液晶層に、印加する電圧は直流電圧であることを特徴とした請求項４に記載の多焦点眼鏡。 The multifocal glasses according to claim 4, wherein the voltage applied to the first liquid crystal layer is a DC voltage.
JP2006060850A 2006-03-07 2006-03-07 Multifocal spectacles Pending JP2007240709A (en)

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JP2017173825A (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 ジョンソン・アンド・ジョンソン・ビジョン・ケア・インコーポレイテッドＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ ＆ Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ Ｃａｒｅ， Ｉｎｃ． Pulsed plus lens designs for myopia control, enhanced depth of focus and presbyopia correction
JP2020523631A (en) * 2017-06-12 2020-08-06 マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッドＭａｇｉｃ Ｌｅａｐ，Ｉｎｃ． Augmented reality display with multi-element adaptive lens for varying depth plane
WO2022210772A1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-10-06 ＶｉＸｉｏｎ株式会社 Eyeglasses, optical frame, and position adjustment mechanism
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US11733516B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2023-08-22 Magic Leap, Inc. Augmented reality display comprising eyepiece having a transparent emissive display
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JPS54151854A (en) * 1978-05-20 1979-11-29 Sato Susumu Variable focal length lens
JPH02110511A (en) * 1988-10-20 1990-04-23 Baiotoron:Kk Sunglass with degree
JPH1132251A (en) * 1997-05-13 1999-02-02 Olympus Optical Co Ltd Image-processing unit

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2017173825A (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-09-28 ジョンソン・アンド・ジョンソン・ビジョン・ケア・インコーポレイテッドＪｏｈｎｓｏｎ ＆ Ｊｏｈｎｓｏｎ Ｖｉｓｉｏｎ Ｃａｒｅ， Ｉｎｃ． Pulsed plus lens designs for myopia control, enhanced depth of focus and presbyopia correction
KR20170110038A (en) * 2016-03-22 2017-10-10 존슨 앤드 존슨 비젼 케어, 인코포레이티드 Pulsed plus lens designs for myopia control, enhanced depth of focus and presbyopia correction
KR102375352B1 (en) * 2016-03-22 2022-03-18 존슨 앤드 존슨 비젼 케어, 인코포레이티드 Pulsed plus lens designs for myopia control, enhanced depth of focus and presbyopia correction
JP2020523631A (en) * 2017-06-12 2020-08-06 マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッドＭａｇｉｃ Ｌｅａｐ，Ｉｎｃ． Augmented reality display with multi-element adaptive lens for varying depth plane
JP7270558B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2023-05-10 マジック リープ， インコーポレイテッド Augmented reality display with multi-element adaptive lens for changing depth plane
US11693247B2 (en) 2017-06-12 2023-07-04 Magic Leap, Inc. Augmented reality display having multi-element adaptive lens for changing depth planes
US11733516B2 (en) 2017-10-11 2023-08-22 Magic Leap, Inc. Augmented reality display comprising eyepiece having a transparent emissive display
US11676333B2 (en) 2018-08-31 2023-06-13 Magic Leap, Inc. Spatially-resolved dynamic dimming for augmented reality device
US11852829B2 (en) 2020-08-07 2023-12-26 Magic Leap, Inc. Tunable cylindrical lenses and head-mounted display including the same
WO2022210772A1 (en) 2021-04-02 2022-10-06 ＶｉＸｉｏｎ株式会社 Eyeglasses, optical frame, and position adjustment mechanism

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