JP2007236270A - Mushroom cultivation container - Google Patents
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- JP2007236270A JP2007236270A JP2006062607A JP2006062607A JP2007236270A JP 2007236270 A JP2007236270 A JP 2007236270A JP 2006062607 A JP2006062607 A JP 2006062607A JP 2006062607 A JP2006062607 A JP 2006062607A JP 2007236270 A JP2007236270 A JP 2007236270A
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Abstract
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この発明は、栽培棟において椎茸等の人工栽培に好都合に使用される茸類の栽培コンテナに関する。 The present invention relates to a cultivating container for moss that is conveniently used for artificial cultivation such as shiitake mushrooms in a cultivation building.
椎茸等の茸類の人工栽培においては、温度や湿度等を管理できる空調設備を備えた栽培棟を建設し、その中に棚を設置した大がかりな設備投資がなされる。栽培については、種菌が接種された培地としてのブロック状の菌床を棚に並べ、棟内の温度や湿度管理とともに、散水、菌床の天地返し、菌床重量測定等の作業を行いながら、菌床を長期にわたり熟成させることにより発芽の時期を迎え、発芽したものを収穫できる大きさに育てる。棚は、一般的にアングルやパイプ等で上下数段において横長に組み立てられ、一棟内に通路を隔てて多数の棚が配置される。 In the artificial cultivation of mushrooms such as shiitake mushrooms, a large-scale capital investment is made by constructing a cultivation building equipped with air conditioning equipment capable of managing temperature, humidity, etc., and installing a shelf in it. For cultivation, arranging the block-shaped fungal bed as a medium inoculated with the inoculum on the shelf, managing the temperature and humidity in the building, watering, turning the fungus bed upside down, measuring the weight of the fungus bed, By aging the fungus bed over a long period of time, it will germinate and grow to a size that allows it to be harvested. The shelves are generally assembled horizontally in several stages, such as angles and pipes, and a large number of shelves are arranged with a passage in one building.
菌床については、椎茸の場合であると、コナラ、サクラ、クヌギ等の広葉樹の原木に種菌を接種したほだ木が使用されることもあるが、原木の入手困難、計画生産の要請等から広葉樹のおが屑に栄養分を補充して水でブロック状に練り固めた人工ほだ木とも言える菌床が現在多用される。それは普通にはほだ木を輪切りにしたような短い円柱形または四角いサイコロ状に成形されている。また、えのき茸やしめじ等の他の茸類であると、瓶に菌床を詰めて栽培される。この発明は、瓶詰の場合にも適用できる。 As for the fungal bed, in the case of shiitake mushrooms, a hardwood inoculated with a broad-leaved tree such as konara, sakura, kunugi, etc. may be used. A fungal bed, which can be called an artificial bed made of hardwood sawdust, supplemented with nutrients and kneaded into a block with water, is now widely used. It is usually shaped like a short cylinder or square dice that looks like a round of wood. In addition, other moss such as enoki mushrooms and shimeji mushrooms are cultivated with a fungus bed packed in a bottle. The present invention can also be applied to bottled cases.
いずれにしても、従来の茸類の人工栽培においては、建築費のかかる断熱性の高い栽培棟に加えて、空調設備や栽培棚等で設備投資が多大となり、しかも、棚が固定式であって、収穫作業や他の作業のための余剰面積としての通路は必要不可欠であり、また、菌床に種菌を接種した後に収穫できるまでの熟成期間が、椎茸では5〜6ヵ月というように長期にわたることから、このようなことが人工栽培のコスト高を招いている。また、いずれの箇所の菌床も同一に熟成することはないので、個別管理も要求されることもあるが、固定式の棚に並べられているとそれが容易ではなかった。 In any case, in the conventional artificial cultivation of moss, in addition to the highly heat-insulating cultivation building, which is expensive to construct, the capital investment for air conditioning equipment and cultivation shelves is significant, and the shelves are fixed. The surplus area for harvesting work and other work is indispensable, and the maturation period until inoculation is possible for 5-6 months for shiitake mushrooms after inoculating the fungus bed with the inoculum. This leads to high costs for artificial cultivation. In addition, since the fungus beds in any place are not aged at the same time, individual management may be required, but it is not easy if they are arranged on a fixed shelf.
この発明は、上記のような実情に鑑みて、栽培棟の中において茸類の栽培面積が増加し、しかも、作業性が良くなり個別管理にも適し、生産コストが安価になり得る茸類の栽培コンテナを提供することを課題とした。 In view of the above situation, the present invention increases the cultivation area of moss in the cultivation ridge, and also improves workability, is suitable for individual management, and can reduce the production cost. The issue was to provide cultivation containers.
上記の課題を解決するために、第1発明は、低面部となる下部枠組みと上面部となる上部枠組みとの間にその両方を四隅で連結する縦枠を形成して六面が広く開口したコンテナ本体と、コンテナ本体の中において菌床を載せる底網と、底網を止めるために左右に架設される少なくとも一対の掛止杆とからなり、コンテナ本体の各縦枠に前後に抜ける通気孔を数段に設け、左右両端において、それぞれ前後縦枠の通気孔に通して掛止杆の架設を数段に調整してなし得るように構成してあることを特徴とする底網可動型の茸類の栽培コンテナを提供する。 In order to solve the above-described problems, the first invention has a wide open six sides by forming a vertical frame that connects the lower frame as a lower surface part and the upper frame as an upper surface part at four corners. Ventilation hole consisting of a container main body, a bottom net on which the fungus bed is placed in the container main body, and at least a pair of retaining rods erected on the left and right sides to stop the bottom net, and extending through each vertical frame of the container main body The bottom mesh movable type is characterized in that it is configured to be able to adjust the construction of the latching rod in several stages by passing through the vent holes of the front and rear vertical frames at both left and right ends, respectively. Providing a cultivation container for moss.
また、第2発明は、低面部となる下部枠組みと上面部となる上部枠組みとの間にその両方を四隅で連結する縦枠を形成して底面以外の五面が広く開口され、底面に菌床を載せる底網を一体に形成し、各縦枠には通気孔を数段に設けてあることを特徴とする底網固定型の茸類の栽培コンテナを提供するものである。 Further, the second aspect of the present invention is to form a vertical frame connecting the lower frame as the lower surface portion and the upper frame as the upper surface portion at the four corners so that five surfaces other than the bottom surface are wide open, and the fungus is formed on the bottom surface. A bottom net-fixing type cultivar container is provided, in which a bottom net on which a floor is placed is integrally formed, and a plurality of vent holes are provided in each vertical frame.
両発明は上記のように構成したから、基本的にはキャスター付きの台車に積み重ね、栽培棟の中において棚と棚との間の通路に置いて使用し、広い開口から手入れし散水、天地返し、浸水処理、菌床重量測定等の作業を行いながら菌床を熟成させ、その後は収穫等の作業を行う。積み重ねがなされていても、コンテナの六面で通気性が良好であり、縦枠における通気孔の存在とも相まって、栽培棟内の空調としての温度、湿度、炭酸ガス濃度及び明るさ等の調整の影響を不都合なく良好に受けることができる。また、培地単体の管理作業を広い上面と各側面の広い開口により、さらにはコンテナの移動により容易になすことができる。また、収穫、管理、その他の作業の際、必要に応じて位置、台車又はコンテナの方向を合理的に変化させる個別管理が容易となる。 Since both inventions are configured as described above, they are basically stacked on a cart with casters, placed in the passage between the shelves in the cultivation building, used from the wide opening, sprinkled, and sprinkled upside down. The bacteria bed is aged while performing operations such as water immersion treatment and fungus bed weight measurement, and thereafter, harvesting and the like are performed. Even if they are stacked, air permeability is good on the six sides of the container, and coupled with the presence of vents in the vertical frame, adjustment of temperature, humidity, carbon dioxide concentration, brightness, etc. as air conditioning in the cultivation building It can be affected well without any inconvenience. Moreover, the management work of the medium alone can be easily performed by the wide upper surface and the wide opening on each side surface, and further by the movement of the container. In addition, during harvesting, management, and other operations, individual management that changes the position, the direction of the carriage or the container as necessary is facilitated.
椎茸栽培においては温度、風周り、酸素、水、光などの要素が重要である。コンテナ本体の穴より光を取り込める。また、コンテナの材質を無色透明なプラスチックにすることにより、より一層の照度を確保することが可能になる。 In shiitake cultivation, factors such as temperature, wind, oxygen, water, and light are important. Light can be taken from the hole in the container body. Further, by making the container material colorless and transparent plastic, it becomes possible to secure a further illuminance.
さらに、底網可動型であると(請求項1)、縦枠に明けた通気孔を利用することにより、掛止杆に掛けて底網の高さを数段に選択できるため、状況に応じて空調の影響を受けやすく、また、作業がしやすくというように、適宜底網を高さ調整できる。 Furthermore, if it is a bottom net movable type (Claim 1), the height of the bottom net can be selected in several stages by hanging on the hanging rod by using the vent hole opened in the vertical frame. Therefore, the height of the bottom mesh can be adjusted as appropriate so that it can be easily affected by air conditioning and can be easily operated.
以上説明したように、この発明の茸類の栽培コンテナによれば、栽培棟において、六面の広い通気性から空調設備の影響を良好に受けることができ、また、四側面の広い開口からの手入れで散水や収穫等の作業も効率的になし得ることから、棚と棚との間の通路等の空き場所を栽培面積に不都合なく加えることができるだけでなく、固定式な棚の欠点を補うような培地ごとの個別管理や台車ごとの個別管理も容易になし得る。そして、多大の設備投資がなされている栽培棟の稼働率が良くなることから、茸類の生産コストを低減するのに適する。また、移動中における振動の影響による菌床の熟成・発芽促進の効果が期待できる。 As described above, according to the cultivation container for moss of the present invention, in the cultivation building, it can be favorably influenced by the air conditioning equipment from the wide air permeability on the six sides, and from the wide opening on the four sides. Since maintenance can efficiently perform operations such as watering and harvesting, not only can empty spaces such as passages between shelves be added to the cultivation area without inconvenience, but also the shortcomings of fixed shelves are compensated. Individual management for each medium and individual management for each carriage can be easily performed. And since the operation rate of the cultivation ridge where great capital investment is made becomes good, it is suitable for reducing the production cost of moss. Moreover, the effect of the aging and germination promotion of the fungus bed by the influence of vibration during movement can be expected.
また、請求項1の発明によれば、空き場所の環境等に応じて底網の高さを選定して使用できるので、収穫、管理、その他の作業がさらに合理的に容易となる。 According to the invention of claim 1, since the height of the bottom net can be selected and used according to the environment of the empty space, harvesting, management, and other operations are further facilitated reasonably.
次に、この発明の実施形態を図面に基づいて説明する。 Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
図1ないし図4は、底網可動型の一実施の形態を示したもので、その茸類の栽培コンテナPaは、コンテナ本体1と、菌床2を載せる底網3と、底網3を支持する左右一対の掛止杆5,5などから構成される。 1 to 4 show an embodiment of a bottom net movable type, and the cultivation container Pa for the moss includes a container body 1, a bottom net 3 on which a fungus bed 2 is placed, and a bottom net 3. It consists of a pair of left and right retaining rods 5 and 5 to be supported.
コンテナ本体1は、プラスチックで一体成形されたもので、それぞれ矩形に形成される低面部としての下部枠組み7と、上面部としての上部枠組み8とからなるとともに、その下部枠組み7と上部枠組み8との間には、各隅角において縦枠9,9,9,9を設けてあって、そのため各六面が通気良く大きく開口している。また、下部枠組み7の四辺の枠、上部枠組み8の四辺の枠及び各縦枠9,9,9,9は、積み重ねに耐え得るようにそれぞれ断面L字形のリブ形状に形成されている。 The container body 1 is integrally formed of plastic, and includes a lower frame 7 as a lower surface and an upper frame 8 as an upper surface, each formed in a rectangular shape, and the lower frame 7 and the upper frame 8. Between them, vertical frames 9, 9, 9, 9 are provided at the respective corners, and therefore, each of the six surfaces is greatly opened with good ventilation. The four frames of the lower frame 7, the four frames of the upper frame 8, and the vertical frames 9, 9, 9, 9 are each formed in a rib shape having an L-shaped cross section so as to withstand stacking.
コンテナ本体1は、矩形の立方体に成形されているので、積み重ねることができるが、積み重ねの安定性を得るために、下部枠組み7の内側周縁に、上部枠組み8の内側開口縁8aに差し合い得る係合片12が垂設されている。また、各縦枠9には、それぞれ前後に抜ける通気孔11,11,・・を等間隔の数段に設け、また、上部枠組み8の前後両枠にも多数の通気孔13,13,・・を配設してある。 Since the container body 1 is formed in a rectangular cube, it can be stacked. However, in order to obtain stacking stability, the container body 1 can be fitted to the inner peripheral edge of the lower frame 7 and the inner opening edge 8a of the upper frame 8. The engagement piece 12 is vertically provided. Further, each vertical frame 9 is provided with vent holes 11, 11,... That pass back and forth in several steps at equal intervals, and a large number of vent holes 13, 13,.・ It is arranged.
掛止杆5,5は、それぞれ左右において、いずれかの通気孔11,11,・・に差し込んで前後に架設されるもので、これによって底網3が選択された通気孔11,11の高さ位置において掛止される。図1、図2、図3では、掛止杆5,5が最下位の通気孔11,11に通してある場合を示したもので、底網3がコンテナ本体1の底となってこれに菌床2,2,・・が載せられる。 The hooks 5 and 5 are respectively inserted into one of the ventilation holes 11, 11,. It is latched in the position. 1, 2, and 3 show a case in which the hooks 5 and 5 are passed through the lowest vents 11 and 11, and the bottom net 3 serves as the bottom of the container body 1. Bacteria beds 2, 2, ... are placed.
しかし、図1の二点鎖線の矢印で示すように、例えば、上から二段目に掛止杆5,5を通したならば、底上げに底網3を設けたことになり、このような底網3の高さでは、菌床2が上部枠組み8に近い高さになるので、上部枠組み8の広い開口から菌床2を容易に出し入れでき、また、積み重ね上位のコンテナPaからの通気や散水に都合の良い手作業の高さが得られる。 However, as shown by the two-dot chain line arrow in FIG. 1, for example, if the hooks 5 and 5 are passed through the second stage from the top, the bottom net 3 is provided for raising the bottom. At the height of the bottom net 3, the fungus bed 2 is close to the upper framework 8, so that the fungus bed 2 can be easily taken in and out from a wide opening of the upper framework 8, The height of manual work that is convenient for watering can be obtained.
上記の茸類の栽培コンテナPaを使用するときは、予め左右に架設した掛止杆5,5の上に底網3を掛け、底網3の上に菌床2,2,・・を載せ、台車10に積み重ねる。この状態で、栽培棟内の空いている場所、つまり棚の無い箇所に台車10のまま、または台車10から下ろして積み重ねておけば、六面が広く開口する形状に加え、通気孔11,13も有するので、管理作業がなしやすいこととも相まって、菌床2が栽培棟内の空調設備の影響を受けて良好に熟成し発芽期を順調に迎えることができる。また、台車10で移動する際に菌床2が転倒しないように止めておく手段としては、支持凸ピン14(図3、図4)または差しピン18(図8)を使用する。そのうち、支持凸ピン14は、プラスチック製の頭部14a付きであって、少なくとも3個において(図示では4個)、菌床2の周囲に寄せつけた状態で底網3に差し付けて使用する。 When using the above-mentioned cultivation container Pa for moss, the bottom net 3 is hung on the hanging hooks 5 and 5 previously laid on the left and right, and the fungus bed 2, 2,. , Stacked on the carriage 10. In this state, if the cart 10 is left in a vacant place in the cultivation building, that is, a place without a shelf, or if it is lowered from the cart 10 and stacked, the vent holes 11 and 13 are added to the shape in which the six sides are wide open. Therefore, coupled with the ease of management work, the fungus bed 2 can be satisfactorily matured under the influence of the air conditioning equipment in the cultivation building, and the germination period can be smoothly reached. Further, as the means for stopping the bacteria bed 2 from falling over when moving with the carriage 10, the support convex pin 14 (FIGS. 3 and 4) or the insertion pin 18 (FIG. 8) is used. Among them, the support convex pins 14 are provided with a plastic head 14 a, and at least three (four in the drawing) are used by being attached to the bottom net 3 while being brought close to the periphery of the bacteria bed 2.
図5は、他の実施形態を示したもので、上記した茸類の栽培コンテナPaであると、上部枠組み8が内鍔形であるのに対して、その茸類の栽培コンテナPbは、上部枠組み8が外鍔形であるコンテナ本体1として形成され、そのため上面がさらに広い開口となっている。そして、下部枠組み7には上部枠組み8の開口に嵌まるように係合片12が形成される。 FIG. 5 shows another embodiment. In the case of the above-mentioned cultivating container Pa for moss, the upper frame 8 has an inner cocoon shape, whereas the cultivating container Pb for the moss has an upper part. The frame 8 is formed as a container body 1 having an outer casing shape, so that the upper surface has a wider opening. An engagement piece 12 is formed on the lower frame 7 so as to fit into the opening of the upper frame 8.
図6は、さらに他の実施形態を示したもので、その茸類の栽培コンテナPcは、コンテナ本体1において各隅角の縦枠9,9,9,9に中空の支柱部15,15,15,15が形成され、積み重ねたときの加重に耐えやすくしてある。また、支柱部15の下端には上端に嵌まり込み得る突部17が形成され、これにより積み重ねの安定性が得られるようになっている。なお、底網3の四隅には支柱部15につかえないように切欠19が設けられている。 FIG. 6 shows still another embodiment, and the cultivation container Pc of the moss has hollow column portions 15, 15, hollow columns 9, 9, 9, 9 in the container body 1. 15 and 15 are formed to make it easy to withstand the load when stacked. In addition, a protrusion 17 that can be fitted to the upper end is formed at the lower end of the support column 15 so that the stacking stability can be obtained. In addition, notches 19 are provided at the four corners of the bottom net 3 so as not to be held by the support column 15.
図7及び図8は、底網固定型の茸類の栽培コンテナQの一実施形態を示したもので、これによると、前記実施形態の場合と同様に、下部枠組み7と上部枠組み8との間に四隅の縦枠9,9,9,9が設けられているが、底網4がプラスチックの一体成形により形成されている。なお、コンテナの形状はさまざまとなるが、この実施形態では、図5の茸類の栽培コンテナPbのコンテナ本体1の形状に類似する形状とした。 FIGS. 7 and 8 show an embodiment of the bottom net-fixed moss cultivation container Q. According to this, as in the case of the embodiment, the lower frame 7 and the upper frame 8 Four vertical corner frames 9, 9, 9, 9 are provided between them, but the bottom mesh 4 is formed by integral molding of plastic. In addition, although the shape of a container becomes various, in this embodiment, it was set as the shape similar to the shape of the container main body 1 of the cultivation container Pb of the moss of FIG.
また、この場合も支持凸ピン14により菌床2を支持できるが(図3,図4参照)、図8では、爪楊枝のような差しピン18を菌床2に下から差し付け、それを底網4に差し込んで、菌床2を支持するようにした場合を示した。 Also in this case, the fungus bed 2 can be supported by the support convex pins 14 (see FIGS. 3 and 4), but in FIG. 8, an insertion pin 18 such as a toothpick is inserted into the fungus bed 2 from below and is attached to the bottom. The case where it inserted in the net | network 4 and the microbial bed 2 was supported was shown.
なお、差しピンの形状は鎹状の差しピン(図9の18a)であってもよい。椎茸栽培の水分補給方法には、天井にスプリンクラーを設置し水分補給をする上部散水型、浴槽を設け定期的に菌床自体を浴槽に沈めて水分補給をする菌床浸水型などがあるが、浸水型では、浴槽に蓋をして錘をのせるなどの加工が必要であり、菌床の移し替えなどの手間がかかる。鎹状の差しピンはこの浸水型に効果的である。コンテナ本体を浸水処理する場合、菌床の浮力を抑制できるからである。 The shape of the insertion pin may be a bowl-shaped insertion pin (18a in FIG. 9). Shiitake cultivation includes hydration methods such as a sprinkler installed on the ceiling to replenish water, and a fungus bed submersion type in which a tub is provided and the fungus bed itself is periodically submerged in the tub to rehydrate. In the submerged type, processing such as placing a lid on the bathtub and placing a weight is necessary, and it takes time and effort to transfer the fungus bed. A bowl-shaped insertion pin is effective for this submerged type. This is because the buoyancy of the fungus bed can be suppressed when the container main body is submerged.
このように差しピン18や支持凸ピン14により菌床2を固定してあると、それらに転倒やずれが生じないように台車10を安全に移動させ得る。また、その際に発生する振動が菌床2に伝わり、また、菌床2自体が振動するので、その振動により菌床2の熟成が促進され、発芽時点を早めることができ、また、茸類の生育も良くなることが分かった。また、広い台車10では、段積みを並列させることもあるが、このような時には、通気孔11,11にボルト等を通して両方の段積みを連結して積み重ねの安定性を得ることができる。 If the fungus bed 2 is fixed by the insertion pins 18 and the support convex pins 14 in this way, the carriage 10 can be safely moved so that they do not fall over or shift. In addition, the vibration generated at that time is transmitted to the fungus bed 2, and the fungus bed 2 itself vibrates, so that the maturation of the fungus bed 2 is promoted by the vibration, and the germination time can be advanced. It has been found that the growth of rice is also improved. Further, in the wide cart 10, the stacking may be arranged in parallel. In such a case, the stacking stability can be obtained by connecting both the stacking through the vent holes 11, 11 through bolts or the like.
Pa,Pb,Pc 底網可動型の茸類の栽培コンテナ
Q 底網固定型の茸類の栽培コンテナ
1 コンテナ本体
2 菌床
3,4 底網
5 掛止杆
7 下部枠組み
8 上部枠組み
9 縦枠
11 通気孔
18 差しピン
18a 鎹状の差しピン
Pa, Pb, Pc Cultivation container for moss with movable bottom net Q Cultivation container for moss with fixed bottom net 1 Container body 2 Bacteria bed 3, 4 Bottom net 5 Hanging hook 7 Lower frame 8 Upper frame 9 Vertical frame 11 Ventilation hole 18 Insertion pin 18a Bowl-shaped insertion pin
Claims (2)
A vertical frame is formed between the lower frame, which is the lower surface, and the upper frame, which is the upper surface, at the four corners. The five surfaces other than the bottom are wide open, and the bottom net on which the fungus bed is placed is integrated. A bottom fixed net-type cultivation container for moss, characterized in that each vertical frame is provided with a plurality of vent holes.
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JP2013228186A (en) * | 2012-03-27 | 2013-11-07 | Jfe Engineering Corp | Storage container, assembled elements of the same, assembly of the same, heat storage device, flow suppression member, and method of increasing heat exchanging efficiency between flowing heat medium and heat storage container |
CN104285666A (en) * | 2014-05-08 | 2015-01-21 | 丽水市农业科学研究院 | Micro edible fungus stick fruiting cultivation box |
CN108432561A (en) * | 2018-06-04 | 2018-08-24 | 广西菌满人间食用菌有限公司 | The edible fungi frame of stack |
CN112772302A (en) * | 2021-01-18 | 2021-05-11 | 昂磐智能装备(山东)有限公司 | Edible mushroom cultivation basket, cultivation system and cultivation method |
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CN113678690A (en) * | 2021-09-30 | 2021-11-23 | 海南吉祥蕈野生灵芝真菌生物科技有限公司 | Wild glossy ganoderma bacterial breeding device |
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