JP2007229725A - Laser beam machining method - Google Patents

Laser beam machining method Download PDF

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JP2007229725A
JP2007229725A JP2006051262A JP2006051262A JP2007229725A JP 2007229725 A JP2007229725 A JP 2007229725A JP 2006051262 A JP2006051262 A JP 2006051262A JP 2006051262 A JP2006051262 A JP 2006051262A JP 2007229725 A JP2007229725 A JP 2007229725A
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laser
pulse
laser light
welding
laser beam
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JP5013720B2 (en
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Satoru Ariga
哲 有賀
Tsuyoshi Nakamura
強 中村
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Laserfront Technologies Inc
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Laserfront Technologies Inc
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a laser beam machining method that has a fast machining speed and prevents welding defects, when performing seam welding by repeating pulselike laser irradiation while scanning a laser beam at high speed. <P>SOLUTION: A linear welding shape is formed by laser irradiation of a first pulse. After the laser irradiation of the first pulse and before the laser irradiation of the second pulse, a laser beam driving part is returned by a fixed distance in the original direction. Then, the laser beam is scanned forward again while performing the laser irradiation of the second pulse, and seam welding is conducted while overlapping the end of each weld zone. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、レーザビームを照射してシーム溶接加工を行うレーザ加工法に関する。   The present invention relates to a laser processing method for performing seam welding by irradiating a laser beam.

レーザ光によるシーム溶接を行う場合、従来の加工法では、パルス励起レーザ発振器を使用し、1パルスで円状の溶接形状を生成し、一部を重ね合わせながら繰り返しレーザ照射を行ってシーム溶接を行っている。又は、連続励起レーザ発振器を使用し、レーザをワークに連続で照射しながら、一度にシーム溶接を行っている。   When performing seam welding with laser light, the conventional processing method uses a pulsed excitation laser oscillator to generate a circular weld shape with one pulse, and repeats laser irradiation while overlapping a part to perform seam welding. Is going. Alternatively, a continuous excitation laser oscillator is used, and seam welding is performed at a time while continuously irradiating the workpiece with the laser.

特許文献1では、溶接加工とは異なるがザップ加工において、レーザ発振器から周期的に出射されるレーザビームを、スリット状開口部を備えたマスクに当てることでレーザビームを長方形に整形し、1つの整形後レーザビームが照射される領域と、この整形後レーザビームに続いて出射される次の整形後レーザビームが照射される領域とが、少なくとも一部で重なるように、被照射体である基板を移動させながらレーザビームを照射している。   In Patent Document 1, although different from welding, in zapping, a laser beam periodically emitted from a laser oscillator is applied to a mask having a slit-like opening to shape the laser beam into a rectangular shape. The substrate that is the object to be irradiated so that the region irradiated with the post-shaping laser beam and the region irradiated with the next post-shaping laser beam emitted after this shaping laser beam overlap at least partially. The laser beam is radiated while moving.

また、特許文献2では、レーザを用いた溶接とは異なるが電気溶接において、上下に分割形成されたタンクをロボットアームによって自由回転状態で支持し、タンクの接合フランジ部を上下電極輪間に挟んでシーム溶接を行う。即ち、電極輪を回転させつつ、電極輪間に直流電流を間欠的に流して接合フランジ部をシーム溶接する。この際に、接合フランジ部に対する上下電極輪の相対速度に比例して上下の電極輪間に流す直流電流を変化させることで、溶接塊相互のオーバラップ量を常に一定に保ちながらシーム溶接を行い、安定した溶接品質を得ている。   In Patent Document 2, although different from laser welding, in electric welding, a vertically divided tank is supported by a robot arm in a freely rotating state, and a tank joint flange is sandwiched between upper and lower electrode wheels. Perform seam welding. That is, while rotating the electrode wheel, a direct current is intermittently passed between the electrode wheels to seam weld the joint flange portion. At this time, by changing the direct current flowing between the upper and lower electrode rings in proportion to the relative speed of the upper and lower electrode rings with respect to the joint flange, seam welding is performed while the overlap amount of the weld mass is always kept constant. Have gained stable welding quality.

更に、特許文献3では、レーザ光を用いたシーム溶接方法とは異なるが、溶接ワイヤを供給する溶接トーチを、被溶接材の溶接線に沿って前後方向に揺動させながら、溶接線に沿い一定速度で前進移動しつつ溶接を行う方法が記載されている。   Furthermore, in Patent Document 3, although different from the seam welding method using laser light, the welding torch for supplying the welding wire is swung back and forth along the welding line of the material to be welded, along the welding line. A method of performing welding while moving forward at a constant speed is described.

特開2001−297692号公報JP 2001-297692 A 特開平09−108843号公報JP 09-108443 A 特開昭60−015068号公報JP 60-015068 A

しかしながら、上述の従来技術には以下に示すような問題点がある。   However, the above-described prior art has the following problems.

従来、アルミ合金等のレーザ溶接においては、パルス励起レーザ発振器によるシーム溶接の場合、溶接形状が円状で深溶け込み溶接時に発生するキーホールが小さいため、溶融物が噴出し溶接面及び光学系等を汚すこともあり、また、溶融蒸気が抜けにくく、スパッタ又は気泡残留による溶接不良が発生しやすいという問題点がある。   Conventionally, in laser welding of aluminum alloys and the like, in the case of seam welding with a pulse excitation laser oscillator, the weld shape is circular and the keyhole generated during deep penetration welding is small. Further, there is a problem in that molten steam is difficult to escape and welding failure due to spatter or remaining bubbles tends to occur.

また、1パルスで進む量が少ないため、加工速度が遅いという問題点がある。   In addition, there is a problem in that the machining speed is slow because the amount of advance in one pulse is small.

また、連続励起レーザ発振器によるシーム溶接の場合、レーザを常時照射し続けるためワークへの熱影響が大きいという問題点がある。   In addition, in the case of seam welding using a continuous excitation laser oscillator, there is a problem in that the effect of heat on the workpiece is large because the laser is constantly irradiated.

本発明はかかる問題点に鑑みてなされたものであって、レーザビームを高速で走査させながらパルス状のレーザ照射を繰り返してシーム溶接を行う場合において、加工速度が速く溶接不良を防止するレーザ加工法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of such a problem, and in a case where seam welding is performed by repeatedly performing pulsed laser irradiation while scanning a laser beam at a high speed, laser processing is performed at a high processing speed to prevent poor welding. The purpose is to provide the law.

本発明に係るレーザ加工法は、パルス状に繰り返し発振されるレーザ光を照射して溶接するレーザ加工法であって、1パルスのレーザ光を照射して形成する線状溶接部と、これに引き続く1パルスのレーザ光を照射して形成する線状溶接部とが、それらの端部で相互に重なりあうようにして順次シーム溶接することを特徴とする。   The laser processing method according to the present invention is a laser processing method for welding by irradiating a laser beam repeatedly oscillated in a pulse shape, and a linear welded portion formed by irradiating one pulse of laser light, and It is characterized in that seam welding is sequentially performed so that linear welds formed by irradiating a subsequent one-pulse laser beam overlap each other at their ends.

1パルスのレーザ光の照射後に、これに引き続く1パルスのレーザ光の照射開始位置を所定の距離逆戻させることで、線状溶接部の端部が相互に重なりあうようにすることができる。また、レーザ光のパルス幅を、10乃至50msとすると好適である。また、レーザ光を走査しながら照射して溶接を行うことが好ましい。   After irradiation of one pulse of laser light, the irradiation start position of the subsequent one pulse of laser light is reversed by a predetermined distance, so that the ends of the linear welded portions can overlap each other. The pulse width of the laser beam is preferably 10 to 50 ms. Moreover, it is preferable to perform welding by irradiating laser light while scanning.

本発明に係るレーザ加工装置は、前記レーザ加工法を利用したレーザ加工装置であって、パルス状のレーザ光を周期的に発振するレーザ発振器と、前記レーザ発振器が発振したレーザ光を導く光ファイバと、前記光ファイバに導かれた前記レーザ光を平行にするコリメートレンズと、前記コリメートレンズを通過した光を反射する複数のスキャンミラーと、前記スキャンミラーの角度を可変に制御して反射レーザ光を走査させるスキャンミラー駆動部と、前記スキャンミラーにより反射された前記レーザ光を集光させるfθレンズと、前記スキャンミラー駆動部と前記レーザ発振器の動作のタイミングをとる制御部と、を有することを特徴とする。   A laser processing apparatus according to the present invention is a laser processing apparatus using the laser processing method, wherein a laser oscillator that periodically oscillates pulsed laser light, and an optical fiber that guides the laser light oscillated by the laser oscillator A collimating lens that collimates the laser light guided to the optical fiber, a plurality of scan mirrors that reflect the light that has passed through the collimating lens, and a reflected laser light by variably controlling the angle of the scan mirror A scan mirror drive unit that scans the laser beam, an fθ lens that collects the laser light reflected by the scan mirror, and a control unit that controls the operation timing of the scan mirror drive unit and the laser oscillator. Features.

レーザ発振器は、パルス励起レーザ発振器であると好適である。   The laser oscillator is preferably a pulsed pump laser oscillator.

本発明によれば、1パルスの溶接形状を線状にすることで、キーホールも線状に形成されるため、スパッタ又は気泡残留による表面荒れ、及びクラック等に起因する溶接不良を回避することができる。また、溶接形状が円状の従来のパルス励起レーザ発振器によるシーム溶接よりも、高速に加工できる。更に、1パルスレーザ照射後、次のレーザ照射までワークの冷却時間があるため、ワークへの熱影響も少なくできる。   According to the present invention, since the keyhole is formed in a linear shape by making the welding shape of one pulse linear, it is possible to avoid welding defects caused by surface roughness due to spatter or residual bubbles, cracks, and the like. Can do. Further, it can be processed at a higher speed than seam welding by a conventional pulse excitation laser oscillator having a circular welding shape. Furthermore, since there is a cooling time of the workpiece after the one-pulse laser irradiation until the next laser irradiation, the thermal influence on the workpiece can be reduced.

本発明の実施形態について添付の図面を参照して具体的に説明する。図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るレーザ加工装置を示す斜視図である。また、図2は、本発明のレーザ加工プロセスを示す動作図である。   Embodiments of the present invention will be specifically described with reference to the accompanying drawings. FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a laser processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is an operation diagram showing the laser processing process of the present invention.

図1に示すように、本実施形態に係るレーザ加工装置は、パルス状にレーザ発振が可能なパルス励起レーザ発振器1と、駆動系によりミラーを振ってレーザ光を走査させるスキャン光学ユニット10と、スキャン光学ユニット10とレーザ発振器の動作の同期をとるコントローラ9から構成される。   As shown in FIG. 1, the laser processing apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a pulse excitation laser oscillator 1 that can oscillate in a pulsed manner, a scan optical unit 10 that scans a laser beam by oscillating a mirror using a drive system, It comprises a controller 9 that synchronizes the operations of the scanning optical unit 10 and the laser oscillator.

パルス励起レーザ発振器1は、例えば、10乃至50msのパルス幅で繰り返しレーザ発振が可能となっている。パルス励起レーザ発振器1には光ファイバ2が接続されており、発振されたレーザ光は光ファイバ2によりスキャン光学ユニット10に導かれる。   The pulse excitation laser oscillator 1 can repeatedly oscillate with a pulse width of 10 to 50 ms, for example. An optical fiber 2 is connected to the pulse excitation laser oscillator 1, and the oscillated laser light is guided to the scanning optical unit 10 by the optical fiber 2.

スキャン光学ユニット10は、パルス励起レーザ発振器1から光ファイバ2を通って入射したレーザ光3を平行光にするコリメートレンズ4と、レーザ光3を反射して走査させるモータ駆動のスキャンミラー5と、スキャンミラー5の走査を駆動制御するモータ6と、レーザ光3を焦点平面に集光させるfθレンズ7とから構成される。スキャン光学ユニット10には、スキャンミラー5の走査を駆動する手段が設けられており、これによりレーザ光を高速に走査させることができる。   The scan optical unit 10 includes a collimating lens 4 that collimates the laser light 3 incident from the pulse excitation laser oscillator 1 through the optical fiber 2, a motor-driven scan mirror 5 that reflects and scans the laser light 3, and A motor 6 that drives and controls scanning of the scan mirror 5 and an fθ lens 7 that focuses the laser light 3 on a focal plane are configured. The scan optical unit 10 is provided with means for driving the scan of the scan mirror 5, whereby the laser beam can be scanned at a high speed.

次に、本実施形態を使用して得られるレーザ加工プロセスを、図2(a)乃至(d)を用いて説明する。先ず、図2(a)に示すように、スキャン光学ユニットに設置されたスキャンミラーをレーザ光が(1)の位置を照射できる角度から(4)の位置に走査させる。途中、コントローラでタイミングをとり、(2)(3)間を走査する間、1パルス目のレーザ照射を行う。本動作により線状の溶接形状が得られる。次に、図2(b)に示すように、2パルス目のレーザ照射の間に、スキャンミラーを(5)の位置にレーザ光が照射できる角度まで戻す。次に、図2(c)に示すように、スキャンミラーをレーザ光が(8)の位置にレーザ光が照射できる角度まで走査させる。途中、コントローラでタイミングをとり、(6)(7)間を走査する間、2パルス目のレーザ照射を行う。以上の動作を繰り返してシーム溶接を行うことにより、図2(d)に示すように、直線状の各溶接部の端部が重ねられて、これらの溶接部が連なった溶接部を形成することができる。   Next, a laser processing process obtained by using this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. First, as shown in FIG. 2A, the scanning mirror installed in the scanning optical unit is scanned to the position (4) from the angle at which the laser beam can irradiate the position (1). In the middle, the controller takes timing, and the first pulse of laser irradiation is performed while scanning between (2) and (3). By this operation, a linear welded shape is obtained. Next, as shown in FIG. 2B, during the second pulse of laser irradiation, the scan mirror is returned to the position (5) to an angle at which the laser beam can be irradiated. Next, as shown in FIG. 2C, the scan mirror is scanned to an angle at which the laser beam can be irradiated at the position (8). In the middle, the controller takes the timing, and the second pulse of laser irradiation is performed while scanning between (6) and (7). By performing seam welding by repeating the above operations, as shown in FIG. 2 (d), the end portions of the respective linear welded portions are overlapped to form a welded portion in which these welded portions are connected. Can do.

次に、本実施形態の効果について説明する。本発明のレーザ加工法においては、高速走査が可能なスキャン光学ユニットと、10乃至50msのパルス幅でレーザ出射が可能なパルス励起レーザ発振器とを組み合わせることにより、1パルスのレーザ照射をして線状の溶接形状を形成し、1パルスのレーザ照射後、次の照射までの間に、レーザ光駆動部を元方向に一定距離戻して、次の1パルスのレーザ照射を行いながらレーザ光を再び前に走査させ、各溶接部の端を重ねながらシーム溶接を行う。1パルスの溶接形状を線状にすることで、キーホールも線状に形成されるため、スパッタ又は気泡残留による表面荒れ、及びクラック等の溶接不良のない高品質なシーム溶接が可能となる。また、溶接形状が円状の従来のパルス励起レーザ発振器によるシーム溶接よりも、高速に加工できる。更に、1パルスレーザ照射後、次のレーザ照射までワークの冷却時間があるため、ワークへの熱影響も少なくできる。   Next, the effect of this embodiment will be described. In the laser processing method according to the present invention, a combination of a scanning optical unit capable of high-speed scanning and a pulse-pumped laser oscillator capable of emitting laser with a pulse width of 10 to 50 ms is used to irradiate a laser beam with one pulse. After the laser irradiation of one pulse and before the next irradiation, the laser light driving unit is returned to the original direction by a certain distance and the laser light is again emitted while performing the next one pulse of laser irradiation. Scan ahead and perform seam welding while overlapping the ends of each weld. By making the welding shape of one pulse linear, the keyhole is also formed in a linear shape, so that high-quality seam welding without surface defects due to spatter or remaining bubbles and welding defects such as cracks becomes possible. Further, it can be processed at a higher speed than seam welding by a conventional pulse excitation laser oscillator having a circular welding shape. Furthermore, since there is a cooling time of the workpiece after the one-pulse laser irradiation until the next laser irradiation, the thermal influence on the workpiece can be reduced.

なお、本実施形態においては、パルス励起レーザ発振器を使用したが、連続励起レーザを使用し、10ms乃至100ms区切りでレーザを照射してもよい。また、加工速度は遅くなるが、駆動部にロボットやXYテーブルを用いてもよく、この場合溶接品質は良くなる。   In this embodiment, a pulse excitation laser oscillator is used. However, a continuous excitation laser may be used, and laser irradiation may be performed at intervals of 10 ms to 100 ms. In addition, although the processing speed is slow, a robot or an XY table may be used for the drive unit, and in this case, the welding quality is improved.

本発明は、電気、自動車、及び電池部品等の溶接に好適に使用することができる。   The present invention can be suitably used for welding electric, automobile, and battery parts.

本発明の実施形態に係るレーザ加工装置を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the laser processing apparatus which concerns on embodiment of this invention. (a)乃至(d)は、本発明のレーザ加工プロセスを示す動作図である。(A) thru | or (d) are operation | movement diagrams which show the laser processing process of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1;パルス励起レーザ発振器
2;光ファイバ
3;レーザ光
4;コリメートレンズ
5;スキャンミラー
6;モータ
7;fθレンズ
8;レーザ光焦点
9;コントローラ
10;スキャン光学ユニット
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1; Pulse excitation laser oscillator 2; Optical fiber 3; Laser light 4; Collimating lens 5; Scan mirror 6; Motor 7; f (theta) lens 8;

Claims (6)

パルス状に繰り返し発振されるレーザ光を照射して溶接するレーザ加工法であって、1パルスのレーザ光を照射して形成する線状溶接部と、これに引き続く1パルスのレーザ光を照射して形成する線状溶接部とが、それらの端部で相互に重なりあうようにして順次シーム溶接することを特徴とするレーザ加工法。 A laser processing method of irradiating and welding a laser beam that is repeatedly oscillated in a pulse shape, and irradiating a linear weld portion formed by irradiating one pulse of laser light, followed by one pulse of laser light. The laser processing method is characterized in that seam welding is sequentially performed so that the linear welds formed in this manner overlap each other at their end portions. 1パルスのレーザ光の照射後に、これに引き続く1パルスのレーザ光の照射開始位置を所定の距離逆戻させることで、線状溶接部の端部が相互に重なりあうようにすることを特徴とする請求項1に記載のレーザ加工法。 After the irradiation of one pulse of laser light, the irradiation start position of the subsequent one pulse of laser light is reversed by a predetermined distance so that the ends of the linear welds overlap each other. The laser processing method according to claim 1. 前記レーザ光のパルス幅が10乃至50msであることを特徴とする請求項1又は2に記載のレーザ加工法。 3. The laser processing method according to claim 1, wherein a pulse width of the laser beam is 10 to 50 ms. 前記レーザ光の走査を行うことを特徴とする請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のレーザ加工法。 The laser processing method according to claim 1, wherein the laser beam is scanned. 請求項1乃至4に記載のレーザ加工法を実施するレーザ加工装置であって、パルス状のレーザ光を周期的に発振するレーザ発振器と、前記レーザ発振器が発振したレーザ光を導く光ファイバと、前記光ファイバに導かれた前記レーザ光を平行にするコリメートレンズと、前記コリメートレンズを通過した光を反射する複数のスキャンミラーと、前記スキャンミラーの角度を可変に制御して反射レーザ光を走査させるスキャンミラー駆動部と、前記スキャンミラーにより反射された前記レーザ光を集光させるfθレンズと、前記スキャンミラー駆動部と前記レーザ発振器の動作のタイミングをとる制御部と、を有することを特徴とするレーザ加工装置。 A laser processing apparatus for performing the laser processing method according to claim 1, wherein a laser oscillator that periodically oscillates pulsed laser light, an optical fiber that guides the laser light oscillated by the laser oscillator, A collimating lens that collimates the laser light guided to the optical fiber, a plurality of scan mirrors that reflect the light that has passed through the collimating lens, and a scan of the reflected laser light by variably controlling the angle of the scan mirror A scan mirror driving unit, an fθ lens for condensing the laser light reflected by the scan mirror, and a control unit for timing the operation of the scan mirror driving unit and the laser oscillator. Laser processing equipment. 前記レーザ発振器がパルス励起レーザ発振器であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載のレーザ加工装置。


The laser processing apparatus according to claim 5, wherein the laser oscillator is a pulse excitation laser oscillator.


JP2006051262A 2006-02-27 2006-02-27 Laser processing method Expired - Fee Related JP5013720B2 (en)

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WO2021182636A1 (en) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 Method for manufacturing stator for rotary electric machine

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WO2021182636A1 (en) 2020-03-12 2021-09-16 アイシン・エィ・ダブリュ株式会社 Method for manufacturing stator for rotary electric machine

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