JP2007203237A - Waste utilizing hydrogen system - Google Patents

Waste utilizing hydrogen system Download PDF

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JP2007203237A
JP2007203237A JP2006026799A JP2006026799A JP2007203237A JP 2007203237 A JP2007203237 A JP 2007203237A JP 2006026799 A JP2006026799 A JP 2006026799A JP 2006026799 A JP2006026799 A JP 2006026799A JP 2007203237 A JP2007203237 A JP 2007203237A
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waste
hydrogen
gas
fuel
collection vehicle
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Koichi Goto
藤 功 一 後
Katsuya Yamashita
下 勝 也 山
Takao Nakagaki
垣 隆 雄 中
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Toshiba Corp
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Toshiba Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/10—Process efficiency
    • Y02P20/129—Energy recovery, e.g. by cogeneration, H2recovery or pressure recovery turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/20—Waste processing or separation

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  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Hydrogen, Water And Hydrids (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To secure a hydrogen utilizer which is a stable utilizer and is dispensed with infrastructure and to improve image of a waste collecting car. <P>SOLUTION: A waste utilizing hydrogen system is provided with constitution for manufacturing hydrogen 14 by utilizing waste heat of waste treatment, a hydrogen-fueled vehicle is used as the waste collecting car 23, hydrogen 14 is supplied to the waste collecting car 23 in or near waste treating facilities and the waste collecting car 23 uses the hydrogen 14 as fuel. Thereby the stable utilizer can be secured. Further image of the waste collecting car can be improved. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、廃棄物処理施設等で製造された水素を廃棄物収集車に供給し、燃料として使用する廃棄物を利用した水素システムに関する。   The present invention relates to a hydrogen system using waste produced by supplying hydrogen produced in a waste treatment facility or the like to a waste collection vehicle and using it as fuel.

第１の従来技術
第１の従来技術として、考えられている廃棄物処理の排熱を利用した水素製造システムの１つを、図７を用いて説明する。なお、これ以降、全ての図において、物質の搬送に用いる機器は図中に描かない事とする。 First Prior Art As a first prior art, one of the hydrogen production systems that uses the exhaust heat of waste processing, which is considered, will be described with reference to FIG. From now on, in all the figures, the equipment used for transporting substances will not be drawn in the figures.

焼却炉１に一般廃棄物などの処理したい廃棄物２と第１の燃焼用空気３を流入させ、廃棄物２を燃焼させる。燃焼によって灰４と第１の燃焼排ガス２８が発生し、灰４は焼却炉１から排出される。ボイラ６にはボイラ給水７が流入し、第１の燃焼排ガス２８によって加熱され蒸発し、ボイラ蒸気５となって流出する。ボイラ６は節炭器、蒸発器、過熱器から構成されており、ボイラ蒸気５は熱利用先に熱を渡す事で冷却され水になり、循環しボイラ給水７となるが、図には描いていない。またボイラ蒸気５を、発電機に接続した蒸気タービンに流す事で、発電してから、圧力温度ともに低下した蒸気タービン排気蒸気を、河川水を用いた復水器で冷却して水にしてボイラ給水７にする廃棄物発電の構成にしてもよいが、図には描いていない。燃焼排ガス２８は熱を与えた分、温度低下し、焼却炉排ガス８となって流出し、バグフィルタ流入ガス９となる。バグフィルタ以降については説明を割愛する。   The waste 2 to be treated such as general waste and the first combustion air 3 are caused to flow into the incinerator 1 to burn the waste 2. Ashes 4 and first combustion exhaust gas 28 are generated by the combustion, and the ash 4 is discharged from the incinerator 1. Boiler feed water 7 flows into the boiler 6, is heated and evaporated by the first combustion exhaust gas 28, and flows out as boiler steam 5. The boiler 6 is composed of a economizer, an evaporator, and a superheater, and the boiler steam 5 is cooled by passing heat to a heat utilization destination, becomes water, and circulates to become boiler feed water 7. Not. In addition, the boiler steam 5 is passed through a steam turbine connected to a generator to generate power, and the steam turbine exhaust steam whose pressure and temperature are reduced is cooled by a condenser using river water to form a boiler. Although it may be configured as a waste power generation to be the water supply 7, it is not drawn in the figure. The temperature of the combustion exhaust gas 28 is lowered by the amount of heat applied, flows out as incinerator exhaust gas 8, and becomes bag filter inflow gas 9. The explanation after the bug filter is omitted.

焼却炉１の内部に、触媒を内蔵した改質器１０を設置する。改質器１０に都市ガス１２と蒸気１３を混合した改質原料１１を流入させる。改質原料１１は燃焼排ガス２８により加熱され、水蒸気改質し、改質ガス１７となって流出する。改質ガス１７は一酸化炭素、二酸化炭素、水素、蒸気、メタンから構成される。改質ガス１７は一酸化炭素変成器１９に流入し、適当な温度状態にされる。一酸化炭素の多くは蒸気と反応し、二酸化炭素に変化すると同時に、蒸気は水素に変化する。変成ガス１８となって流出し、水素分離器１６に流入する。変成ガス１８は、圧力スイング吸着法などの方法により、水素１４と水素以外のガス２０に分離される。水素１４は水素タンク１５に貯蔵される。   Inside the incinerator 1, a reformer 10 containing a catalyst is installed. A reforming raw material 11 mixed with city gas 12 and steam 13 is caused to flow into the reformer 10. The reforming raw material 11 is heated by the combustion exhaust gas 28, undergoes steam reforming, and flows out as reformed gas 17. The reformed gas 17 is composed of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, steam, and methane. The reformed gas 17 flows into the carbon monoxide transformer 19 and is brought to an appropriate temperature state. Most of the carbon monoxide reacts with the steam and changes to carbon dioxide, while the steam changes to hydrogen. It flows out as the metamorphic gas 18 and flows into the hydrogen separator 16. The metamorphic gas 18 is separated into hydrogen 14 and a gas 20 other than hydrogen by a method such as a pressure swing adsorption method. Hydrogen 14 is stored in a hydrogen tank 15.

第２の従来技術
第２の従来技術として、廃棄物処理により水素を含む燃料ガスを製造するシステムの１つを、図８を用いて説明する。 Second Prior Art As a second prior art, one system for producing a fuel gas containing hydrogen by waste treatment will be described with reference to FIG.

廃棄物２を熱分解炉４４に流入させ無酸素状態に近い状態で熱する。熱源は燃料ガス４５を、第１の燃焼用空気３を用いて燃焼させて発生した第２の燃焼排ガス４６である。廃棄物２は熱分解し、気体である熱分解ガス４３と固体である残渣４７に変化する。残渣４７は熱分解炉４４から排出され、熱分解ガス４３は改質炉４２に流入する。熱分解ガス４３の一部を第２の燃焼用空気４８を用いて燃焼させる事により充分な高温となり、熱分解ガス４３は改質反応により、水素や一酸化炭素などの低分子量の可燃性ガスに変換され、同時に高分子量の炭化水素やダイオキシンは分解されている。改質炉４２から流出した改質ガス４１は、ボイラ６に流入し、ボイラ給水７が熱回収しボイラ蒸気５となる事で、冷却されボイラ通過ガス３５となって流出する。バグフィルタ２９により、ボイラ通過ガス３５中のバグ３６を捕集し分離し、バグフィルタ通過ガス３７はガス洗浄器３０に流入する。ここでダスト、塩素分、フッ素分を除去するが、詳細説明は割愛する。ガス洗浄器通過ガス３８は、脱硫器３９で脱硫され、クリーンガス３１となる。クリーンガス３１の一部は燃料４５となり、熱分解炉４６で使用され、残りは分岐クリーンガス３２になる。分岐クリーンガス３２は第３の燃焼用空気４０とガスエンジン３３に流入し、燃焼し第３の燃焼排ガスになり、動力を生み出した後、大気に放出される。   The waste 2 flows into the pyrolysis furnace 44 and is heated in a state close to an oxygen-free state. The heat source is the second combustion exhaust gas 46 generated by burning the fuel gas 45 using the first combustion air 3. The waste 2 is pyrolyzed and changed into a pyrolysis gas 43 that is a gas and a residue 47 that is a solid. The residue 47 is discharged from the pyrolysis furnace 44, and the pyrolysis gas 43 flows into the reforming furnace. A part of the pyrolysis gas 43 is combusted by using the second combustion air 48, so that the temperature becomes sufficiently high. At the same time, high molecular weight hydrocarbons and dioxins are decomposed. The reformed gas 41 that has flowed out of the reforming furnace 42 flows into the boiler 6, and the boiler feed water 7 recovers heat and becomes boiler steam 5, so that it is cooled and flows out as boiler passing gas 35. The bag filter 29 collects and separates the bug 36 in the boiler passage gas 35, and the bag filter passage gas 37 flows into the gas scrubber 30. Here, dust, chlorine, and fluorine are removed, but a detailed description is omitted. The gas scrubber passing gas 38 is desulfurized by the desulfurizer 39 to become the clean gas 31. A part of the clean gas 31 becomes the fuel 45 and is used in the pyrolysis furnace 46, and the rest becomes the branched clean gas 32. The branched clean gas 32 flows into the third combustion air 40 and the gas engine 33, burns to become third combustion exhaust gas, generates power, and then is released to the atmosphere.

第３の従来技術
第３の従来技術として、廃棄物処理の排熱を利用した水素製造システムの１つを、図９を用いて説明する。 Third Conventional Technology As a third conventional technology, one of hydrogen production systems using waste heat from waste treatment will be described with reference to FIG.

既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。第１の従来技術と構成が近いが、都市ガス１２ではなくジメチルエーテル４９を使用する。ジメチルエーテル４９の代わりにアルコールの１種であるメタノールを使用してもよい。   The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted. Although the configuration is similar to that of the first prior art, dimethyl ether 49 is used instead of city gas 12. Instead of dimethyl ether 49, methanol which is a kind of alcohol may be used.

ジメチルエーテル製造プラントで製造したジメチルエーテル４９を、廃棄物処理施設内あるいは付近に設けたジメチルエーテルタンク５０に貯蔵しておく。ジメチルエーテルタンク５０からジメチルエーテル４９を取り出し、蒸気１３と混合させた改質原料１１を改質器１０に流入させる。改質器１０は第１の従来技術と同様に焼却炉１の内部に設置してもよいが、ジメチルエーテル４９やメタノールは都市ガス１２の成分である炭化水素の改質温度に比較して低い温度で改質するので、改質器１０の熱源をボイラ蒸気５としてもよい。改質器１０の熱源をボイラ蒸気５とした場合を図９に示す。改質原料１１はボイラ蒸気５により加熱され、水蒸気改質し、改質ガス１７となって流出する。その後は第１の従来技術と同じである。   The dimethyl ether 49 produced in the dimethyl ether production plant is stored in a dimethyl ether tank 50 provided in or near the waste treatment facility. The dimethyl ether 49 is taken out from the dimethyl ether tank 50 and the reforming raw material 11 mixed with the steam 13 is caused to flow into the reformer 10. The reformer 10 may be installed inside the incinerator 1 as in the first prior art, but dimethyl ether 49 and methanol are lower in temperature than the reforming temperature of the hydrocarbon which is a component of the city gas 12. Therefore, the heat source of the reformer 10 may be the boiler steam 5. A case where the heat source of the reformer 10 is boiler steam 5 is shown in FIG. The reforming raw material 11 is heated by the boiler steam 5, undergoes steam reforming, and flows out as a reformed gas 17. After that, it is the same as the first prior art.

上述した従来技術のように水素を製造しても、安定した利用先が確保されていないのが現状である。そのため実際には、水素製造機能を具備した廃棄物処理施設は実現に到っていない。よって、廃棄物処理の排熱を利用した水素製造システムについて、安定した水素利用先を確保したい。   Even if hydrogen is produced as in the above-described prior art, a stable usage destination is not secured. Therefore, in reality, a waste treatment facility equipped with a hydrogen production function has not been realized. Therefore, we would like to secure a stable hydrogen usage destination for a hydrogen production system that uses waste heat from waste treatment.

水素ステーションのようなインフラが不要ならば、より実現しやすいので、そのような水素利用先を確保したい。   If an infrastructure such as a hydrogen station is unnecessary, it is easier to implement, so we want to secure such a hydrogen usage destination.

さらに、水素を燃料として用いる自動車が、燃料となる水素の供給を継続的に受けるためには、水素ステーション等のインフラが各地に必要となる。しかしながら、現在のところこのような水素ステーション等は極めて少なく、水素を燃料として用いる自動車の利用が困難となっている。   Furthermore, in order for an automobile using hydrogen as fuel to continuously receive supply of hydrogen as fuel, infrastructure such as a hydrogen station is required in various places. However, at present, there are very few such hydrogen stations and it is difficult to use automobiles using hydrogen as fuel.

また、廃棄物回収処理には以下のような課題がある。一般家庭から排出される廃棄物は、廃棄物収集車が市街地を走り回って回収するのだが、廃棄物収集車のイメージアップを図りたい。一部の地方公共団体の廃棄物収集車には、廃食用油を再生処理した燃料を使用されているが、地下資源を浪費せず、廃棄物収集車のイメージアップにもなっている。   Moreover, there are the following problems in waste collection processing. Waste collected from ordinary households is collected by a waste collection vehicle that runs around the city. We want to improve the image of the waste collection vehicle. Some local government waste collection vehicles use fuel that has been reprocessed from waste cooking oil, but it does not waste underground resources and also enhances the image of waste collection vehicles.

本発明はこのような点を考慮してなされたものであり、廃棄物を利用して製造された水素を、水素燃料自動車である廃棄物収集車に供給することで、水素の安定した供給先を確保でき、インフラが不要な水素利用先を確保でき、かつ廃棄物収集車のイメージアップを図ることができる廃棄物を利用した水素システムを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in consideration of such points, and by supplying hydrogen produced using waste to a waste collection vehicle, which is a hydrogen fuel vehicle, a stable supply destination of hydrogen. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hydrogen system using waste that can secure a hydrogen usage destination that does not require infrastructure and that can improve the image of a waste collection vehicle.

本発明は、廃棄物処理の排熱を利用して水素を製造する廃棄物処理施設と、水素燃料自動車からなる廃棄物収集車とを備え、廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で前記水素を前記廃棄物収集車に供給し、前記廃棄物収集車は前記水素を燃料として使用する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システムである。   The present invention comprises a waste treatment facility for producing hydrogen using waste heat of waste treatment and a waste collection vehicle comprising a hydrogen fueled vehicle, and the waste is disposed near or inside the waste treatment facility. The waste collection vehicle is a hydrogen system using waste, characterized in that the waste collection vehicle uses hydrogen as a fuel.

本発明は、廃棄物処理施設は、廃棄物処理の排熱を用いた水蒸気改質反応により、炭化水素またはエーテルまたはアルコールの内の１つ以上と蒸気から水素を発生する機能を具備する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システムである。   According to the present invention, a waste treatment facility has a function of generating hydrogen from one or more of hydrocarbons, ethers or alcohols and steam by a steam reforming reaction using waste heat of waste treatment. This is a hydrogen system that uses waste.

本発明は、廃棄物を熱分解したガスを改質して水素を製造する廃棄物処理施設と、水素燃料自動車からなる廃棄物収集車とを備え、廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で前記水素を前記廃棄物収集車に供給し、前記廃棄物収集車は前記水素を燃料として使用する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システムである。   The present invention includes a waste treatment facility for producing hydrogen by reforming a gas obtained by thermally decomposing waste, and a waste collection vehicle including a hydrogen fuel vehicle, and the hydrogen is disposed near or inside the waste treatment facility. The waste collection vehicle is a hydrogen system using waste, which is supplied to the waste collection vehicle, and the waste collection vehicle uses the hydrogen as a fuel.

本発明は、廃棄物処理施設は、廃棄物処理の排熱を用いた水蒸気改質反応により、ジメチルエーテルまたはメタノールの内の１つ以上と蒸気から水素を発生する機能を具備する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システムである。   The present invention is characterized in that the waste treatment facility has a function of generating hydrogen from one or more of dimethyl ether or methanol and steam by a steam reforming reaction using waste heat of waste treatment. This is a hydrogen system that uses waste.

本発明は、廃棄物処理施設は、水素製造過程で発生した二酸化炭素を回収する機能を具備した、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システムである。   The present invention is a hydrogen system using waste, characterized in that the waste treatment facility has a function of recovering carbon dioxide generated in the hydrogen production process.

本発明は、前記水素燃料自動車は燃料電池自動車からなる、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システム。   The present invention is a hydrogen system using waste, characterized in that the hydrogen fuel vehicle is a fuel cell vehicle.

本発明によれば、廃棄物処理の排熱を利用した水素製造システムについて、安定した水素利用先を確保できる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the stable hydrogen utilization place can be ensured about the hydrogen production system using the waste heat of waste processing.

本発明によれば、水素ステーションのようなインフラが不要となる水素利用先が確保できる。   According to the present invention, it is possible to secure a hydrogen usage destination that does not require an infrastructure such as a hydrogen station.

本発明によれば、一般家庭から排出される廃棄物を回収する廃棄物収集車のイメージアップを図ることができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the image improvement of the waste collection vehicle which collect | recovers the waste discharged | emitted from a general household can be aimed at.

第１の実施の形態
本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第１の実施の形態を、図１を用いて説明する。なお、既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 First Embodiment A first embodiment of a hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, since the description of the same symbol as the above-mentioned figure is mentioned above, it abbreviate | omits.

廃棄物収集車２３を水素燃料自動車とする。廃棄物処理の排熱で製造した水素１４を貯蔵した水素タンク１５から、開閉弁２１を開く事で水素燃料２２を取り出し、廃棄物収集車２３に注入する。水素タンク１５は水素製造設備の近くに設置し、廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で廃棄物収集車２３の燃料を供給する。廃棄物収集車２３は市街地２４を走行しながら、廃棄物を収集し、廃棄物処理施設まで運搬する。あるいは廃棄物集積拠点から、そこの集積された廃棄物を収集し、廃棄物処理施設まで運搬する。   The waste collection vehicle 23 is a hydrogen fuel vehicle. The hydrogen fuel 22 is taken out by opening the on-off valve 21 from the hydrogen tank 15 storing the hydrogen 14 produced by the waste heat from the waste treatment, and injected into the waste collection vehicle 23. The hydrogen tank 15 is installed near the hydrogen production facility, and supplies fuel for the waste collection vehicle 23 near or inside the waste treatment facility. The waste collection vehicle 23 collects the waste while traveling in the city area 24 and transports it to the waste treatment facility. Alternatively, the collected waste is collected from the waste collection base and transported to a waste treatment facility.

なお、本実施の形態では都市ガス１２を用いたが、１種類または複数種類の炭化水素が充分に含まれているガスや液体であればよい。例えば灯油や天然ガスやガソリンやナフサやＬＰＧといった炭化水素系燃料でもよい。またエタノール等のアルコールでも、エーテルでもよく、２つ以上の原料を混合してもよい。   Although the city gas 12 is used in the present embodiment, any gas or liquid that sufficiently contains one or more types of hydrocarbons may be used. For example, hydrocarbon fuels such as kerosene, natural gas, gasoline, naphtha and LPG may be used. Further, alcohol such as ethanol or ether may be used, and two or more raw materials may be mixed.

本実施の形態には以下のような効果がある。廃棄物収集車２３は１年中必ず運転されるので、製造水素１４の安定利用先が確保されるので、水素製造システムを運用しやすい。また、廃棄物処理施設に対応した廃棄物収集量を収集運搬する、廃棄物収集車２３に用いる燃料に対応した量の水素１４を製造する場合、収集した廃棄物を焼却した排熱のごく一部を使用するだけでよいため、焼却炉１やボイラ６の運転制御への影響はほとんどない。   This embodiment has the following effects. Since the waste collection vehicle 23 is always operated throughout the year, a stable usage destination of the produced hydrogen 14 is ensured, so that it is easy to operate the hydrogen production system. In addition, when producing the amount of hydrogen 14 corresponding to the fuel used for the waste collection vehicle 23 that collects and transports the amount of waste collected corresponding to the waste treatment facility, only the exhaust heat generated by incineration of the collected waste is produced. Therefore, the operation control of the incinerator 1 and the boiler 6 is hardly affected.

廃棄物収集車２３は必ず廃棄物処理施設に行き、そこで燃料補給するので、燃料補給の寄り道がない。   Since the waste collection vehicle 23 always goes to a waste disposal facility and refuels there, there is no way to refuel.

水素燃料自動車の普及には、水素ステーション分散配置が必要だが、収集車は必ず１日１回以上、廃棄物処理施設に立ち寄るので、水素ステーションや水素ステーションまでの水素搬送といったインフラ整備が不要であり、水素社会の進展につながる。   The spread of hydrogen-fueled vehicles requires a decentralized arrangement of hydrogen stations, but collection vehicles always stop at a waste disposal facility at least once a day, so there is no need for infrastructure development such as hydrogen stations and transport of hydrogen to the hydrogen stations. , Leading to the development of a hydrogen society.

廃棄物由来の熱を利用して製造した水素を用いると、廃棄物から得た燃料を用いるのと同様に、地下資源の浪費削減になり、廃棄物収集車のイメージアップにつながる。   When hydrogen produced using waste-derived heat is used, waste of underground resources is reduced, as is the case with fuel obtained from waste, leading to an image of a waste collection vehicle.

よって、安定した水素利用先を確保するという課題と、インフラが不要な水素利用先を確保するという課題と、廃棄物収集車のイメージアップを図るという課題が解決できる。   Therefore, the problem of securing a stable hydrogen usage destination, the problem of securing a hydrogen usage destination that does not require infrastructure, and the issue of improving the image of a waste collection vehicle can be solved.

第２の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第２の実施の形態を、図２を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Second Embodiment Next, a second embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第２の従来技術においてクリーンガス３１から水素１４を製造し、廃棄物収集車２３の水素燃料２２とする。分岐クリーンガス３２を一酸化炭素変成器１９、水素分離器１６の順に流通させ、第１の従来技術と同様に水素１４を製造する。そして第１の実施の形態と同様に、廃棄物収集車２３を水素燃料自動車とする。水素１４を貯蔵した水素タンク１５から、開閉弁２１を開く事で水素燃料２２を取り出し、廃棄物収集車２３に注入する。水素タンク１５は水素製造設備の近くに設置し、廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で廃棄物収集車２３の燃料を供給する。廃棄物収集車２３は市街地２４を走行しながら、廃棄物を収集し、廃棄物処理施設まで運搬する。   In the second prior art, hydrogen 14 is produced from the clean gas 31 and used as the hydrogen fuel 22 of the waste collection vehicle 23. The branched clean gas 32 is circulated in the order of the carbon monoxide transformer 19 and the hydrogen separator 16 to produce hydrogen 14 as in the first prior art. As in the first embodiment, the waste collection vehicle 23 is a hydrogen fuel vehicle. The hydrogen fuel 22 is taken out from the hydrogen tank 15 storing the hydrogen 14 by opening the on-off valve 21 and injected into the waste collection vehicle 23. The hydrogen tank 15 is installed near the hydrogen production facility, and supplies fuel for the waste collection vehicle 23 near or inside the waste treatment facility. The waste collection vehicle 23 collects the waste while traveling in the city area 24 and transports it to the waste treatment facility.

本実施の形態の効果は第１の実施の形態と同じである。   The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment.

第３の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第３の実施の形態を、図３を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Third Embodiment Next, a third embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第１の実施の形態と同様に、廃棄物収集車２３を水素燃料自動車とする。廃棄物処理の排熱で製造した水素１４を貯蔵した水素タンク１５から、開閉弁２１を開く事で水素燃料２２を取り出し、廃棄物収集車２３に注入する。水素タンク１５は水素製造設備の近くに設置し、廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で廃棄物収集車２３の燃料を供給する。廃棄物収集車２３は市街地２４を走行しながら、廃棄物を収集し、廃棄物処理施設まで運搬する。   As in the first embodiment, the waste collection vehicle 23 is a hydrogen fuel vehicle. The hydrogen fuel 22 is taken out by opening the on-off valve 21 from the hydrogen tank 15 storing the hydrogen 14 produced by the waste heat from the waste treatment, and injected into the waste collection vehicle 23. The hydrogen tank 15 is installed near the hydrogen production facility, and supplies fuel for the waste collection vehicle 23 near or inside the waste treatment facility. The waste collection vehicle 23 collects the waste while traveling in the city area 24 and transports it to the waste treatment facility.

本実施の形態の効果は第１の実施の形態および第２の実施の形態と同じである。   The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment and the second embodiment.

第４の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第４の実施の形態を、図４を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Fourth Embodiment Next, a fourth embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第１の実施の形態に二酸化炭素分離機能を追加する。変成ガス１８を二酸化炭素分離器２５に流入させ、二酸化炭素２７を分離させ、二酸化炭素以外である分離済みガス２６を流出させる。二酸化炭素分離器２５にて二酸化炭素２７を分離する方法は幾つかあるが、例えば熱炭酸カリウム方式を用いる。分離した二酸化炭素２７は回収し、例えば飲食物冷却用のドライアイスに利用する。分離済みガス２６を水素分離器１６に流入させ、その後は第１の実施の形態と同じである。   A carbon dioxide separation function is added to the first embodiment. The transformed gas 18 is caused to flow into the carbon dioxide separator 25, the carbon dioxide 27 is separated, and the separated gas 26 other than carbon dioxide is caused to flow out. There are several methods for separating the carbon dioxide 27 by the carbon dioxide separator 25, for example, a hot potassium carbonate method is used. The separated carbon dioxide 27 is recovered and used, for example, for dry ice for cooling food and drink. The separated gas 26 is caused to flow into the hydrogen separator 16 and thereafter the same as in the first embodiment.

本実施の形態には以下のような効果がある。通常の自動車は炭化水素系燃料を用いるので、自動車排ガスは二酸化炭素を含み、二酸化炭素が大気放出されるが、第１乃至第４の実施の形態に用いた水素燃料自動車の排ガスは二酸化炭素を含まないので、二酸化炭素が大気放出されない。自動車排ガス中の二酸化炭素と同量の二酸化炭素が水素製造時に発生しているが、本実施の形態では水素製造時に発生した二酸化炭素をまとめて回収できる。よって、収集車対応分の二酸化炭素は大気放出しない。地球温暖化の主原因である二酸化炭素の大気放出がないので、地球に優しい収集車として廃棄物収集車のイメージアップにつながる。   This embodiment has the following effects. Since ordinary automobiles use hydrocarbon fuel, the automobile exhaust gas contains carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere, but the exhaust gas of the hydrogen fuel automobile used in the first to fourth embodiments uses carbon dioxide. Since it does not contain, carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere. Although the same amount of carbon dioxide as carbon dioxide in automobile exhaust gas is generated during hydrogen production, in the present embodiment, carbon dioxide generated during hydrogen production can be collected together. Therefore, carbon dioxide for the collection vehicle is not released into the atmosphere. Since there is no carbon dioxide emission, which is the main cause of global warming, it leads to an image of a waste collection vehicle as a collection vehicle friendly to the earth.

第５の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第５の実施の形態を、図５を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Fifth Embodiment Next, a fifth embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第２の実施の形態に二酸化炭素分離機能を追加する。変成ガス１８を二酸化炭素分離器２５に流入させ、二酸化炭素２７を分離させ、二酸化炭素以外である分離済みガス２６を流出させる。二酸化炭素分離器２５にて二酸化炭素を分離する方法は幾つかあるが、例えば熱炭酸カリウム法を用いる。分離済みガス２６を水素分離器１６に流入させ、その後は第２の実施の形態と同じである。   A carbon dioxide separation function is added to the second embodiment. The transformed gas 18 is caused to flow into the carbon dioxide separator 25, the carbon dioxide 27 is separated, and the separated gas 26 other than carbon dioxide is caused to flow out. There are several methods for separating carbon dioxide with the carbon dioxide separator 25, for example, a hot potassium carbonate method is used. The separated gas 26 is caused to flow into the hydrogen separator 16 and thereafter the same as in the second embodiment.

本実施の形態の効果は第４の実施の形態と同じである。   The effect of this embodiment is the same as that of the fourth embodiment.

第６の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第６の実施の形態を、図６を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Sixth Embodiment Next, a sixth embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第３の実施の形態に二酸化炭素分離機能を追加する。変成ガス１８を二酸化炭素分離器２５に流入させ、二酸化炭素２７を分離させ、二酸化炭素以外である分離済みガス２６を流出させる。二酸化炭素分離器２５にて二酸化炭素２７を分離する方法は幾つかあるが、例えば熱炭酸カリウム方式を用いる。分離済みガス２６を水素分離器１６に流入させ、その後は第３の実施の形態と同じである。   A carbon dioxide separation function is added to the third embodiment. The transformed gas 18 is caused to flow into the carbon dioxide separator 25, the carbon dioxide 27 is separated, and the separated gas 26 other than carbon dioxide is caused to flow out. There are several methods for separating the carbon dioxide 27 by the carbon dioxide separator 25, for example, a hot potassium carbonate method is used. The separated gas 26 is caused to flow into the hydrogen separator 16 and thereafter the same as in the third embodiment.

本実施の形態には以下のような効果がある。ジメチルエーテル４９やメタノールを燃料とした自動車は、自動車排ガスは二酸化炭素を含み、二酸化炭素が大気放出されるが、水素燃料自動車の排ガスは二酸化炭素を含まないので、二酸化炭素が大気放出されない。ジメチルエーテル４９やメタノールを燃料とした自動車排ガス中の二酸化炭素とそれぞれ同量の二酸化炭素が水素製造時に発生しているが、本実施の形態では水素製造時に発生した二酸化炭素をまとめて回収できる。よって、収集車対応分は大気放出しない。地球温暖化の主原因である二酸化炭素の大気放出がないので、地球に優しい収集車として廃棄物収集車のイメージアップにつながる。   This embodiment has the following effects. In an automobile using dimethyl ether 49 or methanol as fuel, automobile exhaust gas contains carbon dioxide, and carbon dioxide is released into the atmosphere. However, since the exhaust gas of hydrogen fuel automobile does not contain carbon dioxide, carbon dioxide is not released into the atmosphere. Carbon dioxide in the same amount as carbon dioxide in automobile exhaust gas using dimethyl ether 49 or methanol as fuel is generated during hydrogen production, but in this embodiment, carbon dioxide generated during hydrogen production can be collected together. Therefore, the portion corresponding to the collection vehicle is not released into the atmosphere. Since there is no carbon dioxide emission, which is the main cause of global warming, it leads to an image of a waste collection vehicle as a collection vehicle friendly to the earth.

第７の実施の形態
次に、本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第７の実施の形態を図１乃至図６を用いて説明する。既出の図と同じ記号の説明は前述しているので省略する。 Seventh Embodiment Next, a seventh embodiment of the hydrogen system using waste according to the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. The description of the same symbols as those in the previous figures has been described above, and will be omitted.

第１乃至第６の実施の形態において、水素燃料自動車には主に水素エンジン自動車と燃料電池自動車があるが、廃棄物収集車２３を燃料電池自動車とする。   In the first to sixth embodiments, the hydrogen fuel vehicle mainly includes a hydrogen engine vehicle and a fuel cell vehicle. The waste collection vehicle 23 is a fuel cell vehicle.

本実施の形態には以下のような効果がある。水素エンジン自動車は燃焼用空気中に窒素が存在するため、水素エンジン自動車の排ガスは窒素酸化物を含み、窒素酸化物が大気放出されるが、燃料電池自動車は水蒸気しか発生しないので、燃料電池自動車の排ガスは窒素酸化物を含まない。よって、酸性雨の主原因である窒素酸化物を大気放出せず、地球に優しい収集車として廃棄物収集車のイメージアップにつながる。   This embodiment has the following effects. Since hydrogen engine automobiles have nitrogen in the combustion air, the exhaust gas of hydrogen engine automobiles contains nitrogen oxides and nitrogen oxides are released to the atmosphere, but fuel cell automobiles produce only water vapor, so fuel cell automobiles This exhaust gas does not contain nitrogen oxides. Therefore, nitrogen oxides, which are the main cause of acid rain, are not released into the atmosphere, leading to an image of a waste collection vehicle as a collection vehicle friendly to the earth.

廃棄物収集車の多くは塵芥車であるが、廃棄物積載部に廃棄物を押し込むための稼動部がある。これは水素を燃料に燃料電池が発電した電気で駆動される。よって車両走行だけでなく、照明など全ての消費電力分も、水素１４による発電により補給する事ができる。よって、廃棄物収集車の使用するエネルギの全てを、製造水素１４により提供する事が可能になる。   Most of the waste collection vehicles are garbage trucks, but there is an operating unit for pushing waste into the waste loading unit. This is driven by electricity generated by the fuel cell using hydrogen as fuel. Therefore, not only the vehicle running but also all the power consumption such as lighting can be replenished by the power generation by the hydrogen 14. Therefore, all of the energy used by the waste collection vehicle can be provided by the produced hydrogen 14.

本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第１および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 1st and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第２および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 2nd and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第３および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows the 3rd and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第４および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 4th and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第５および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 5th and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 本発明による廃棄物を利用した水素システムの第６および第７の実施の形態を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 6th and 7th embodiment of the hydrogen system using the waste material by this invention. 第１の従来技術を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 1st prior art. 第２の従来技術を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 2nd prior art. 第３の従来技術を示す概略図。Schematic which shows 3rd prior art.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 焼却炉
２ 廃棄物
３ 第１の燃焼用空気
４ 灰
５ ボイラ蒸気
６ ボイラ
７ ボイラ給水
８ 燃焼炉排ガス
９ バグフィルタ流入ガス
１０ 改質器
１１ 改質原料
１２ 都市ガス
１３ 蒸気
１４ 水素
１５ 水素タンク
１６ 水素分離器
１７ 改質ガス
１８ 変成ガス
１９ 一酸化炭素変成器
２０ 水素以外のガス
２１ 開閉弁
２２ 水素燃料
２３ 廃棄物収集車
２４ 市街地
２５ 二酸化炭素分離器
２６ 分離済みガス
２７ 分離済みガス
２８ 第１の燃焼排ガス
２９ バグフィルタ
３０ ガス洗浄器
３１ クリーンガス
３２ 分岐クリーンガス
３３ ガスエンジン
３４ ボイラ通過ガス
３５ 第３の燃焼排ガス
３６ バグ
３７ バグフィルタ通過ガス
３８ ガス洗浄器通過ガス
３９ 脱硫器
４０ 第３の燃焼用空気
４１ 改質ガス
４２ 改質炉
４３ 熱分解ガス
４４ 熱分解炉
４５ 燃料ガス
４６ 第２の燃焼排ガス
４７ 残渣
４８ 第２の燃焼用空気
４９ ジメチルエーテル
５０ ジメチルエーテルタンク DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Incinerator 2 Waste 3 First combustion air 4 Ash 5 Boiler steam 6 Boiler 7 Boiler feed water 8 Combustion furnace exhaust gas 9 Bag filter inflow gas 10 Reformer 11 Reforming raw material 12 City gas 13 Steam 14 Hydrogen 15 Hydrogen tank 16 Hydrogen separator 17 Reformed gas 18 Modified gas 19 Carbon monoxide converter 20 Gas other than hydrogen 21 On-off valve 22 Hydrogen fuel 23 Waste collection vehicle 24 Urban area 25 Carbon dioxide separator 26 Separated gas 27 Separated gas 28 1 combustion exhaust gas 29 bag filter 30 gas scrubber 31 clean gas 32 branch clean gas 33 gas engine 34 boiler passage gas 35 third combustion exhaust gas 36 bug 37 bag filter passage gas 38 gas scrubber passage gas 39 desulfurizer 40 third Combustion air 41 Reformed gas 42 Reforming furnace 43 Pyrolysis gas 44 Pyrolysis furnace 45 Fuel gas 46 2 combustion exhaust gas 47 residue 48 second combustion air 49 dimethyl ether 50 dimethyl ether tank

Claims (6)

廃棄物処理の排熱を利用して水素を製造する廃棄物処理施設と、
水素燃料自動車からなる廃棄物収集車とを備え、
廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で前記水素を前記廃棄物収集車に供給し、前記廃棄物収集車は前記水素を燃料として使用する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システム。 A waste treatment facility that produces hydrogen using waste heat from waste treatment;
A waste collection vehicle consisting of a hydrogen fuel vehicle,
A hydrogen system using waste, characterized in that the hydrogen is supplied to the waste collection vehicle near or inside a waste treatment facility, and the waste collection vehicle uses the hydrogen as fuel. 廃棄物処理施設は、廃棄物処理の排熱を用いた水蒸気改質反応により、炭化水素またはエーテルまたはアルコールの内の１つ以上と蒸気から水素を発生する機能を具備する、事を特徴とした請求項１に記載の廃棄物を利用した水素システム。   The waste treatment facility is characterized by having a function of generating hydrogen from steam and one or more of hydrocarbons, ethers or alcohols by a steam reforming reaction using waste heat of waste treatment. A hydrogen system using the waste according to claim 1. 廃棄物を熱分解したガスを改質して水素を製造する廃棄物処理施設と、
水素燃料自動車からなる廃棄物収集車とを備え、
廃棄物処理施設付近または内部で前記水素を前記廃棄物収集車に供給し、前記廃棄物収集車は前記水素を燃料として使用する、事を特徴とした廃棄物を利用した水素システム。 A waste treatment facility that produces hydrogen by reforming the pyrolyzed waste gas,
A waste collection vehicle consisting of a hydrogen fuel vehicle,
A hydrogen system using waste, characterized in that the hydrogen is supplied to the waste collection vehicle near or inside a waste treatment facility, and the waste collection vehicle uses the hydrogen as fuel. 廃棄物処理施設は、廃棄物処理の排熱を用いた水蒸気改質反応により、ジメチルエーテルまたはメタノールの内の１つ以上と蒸気から水素を発生する機能を具備する、事を特徴とした請求項１に記載の廃棄物を利用した水素システム。   The waste treatment facility is provided with a function of generating hydrogen from one or more of dimethyl ether or methanol and steam by a steam reforming reaction using waste heat of waste treatment. Hydrogen system using the waste described in 1. 廃棄物処理施設は、水素製造過程で発生した二酸化炭素を回収する機能を具備した、事を特徴とした請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の廃棄物を利用した水素システム。   The hydrogen system using waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the waste treatment facility has a function of recovering carbon dioxide generated in the hydrogen production process. 前記水素燃料自動車は燃料電池自動車からなる、事を特徴とした請求項１乃至４のいずれかに記載の廃棄物を利用した水素システム。   The hydrogen system using waste according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the hydrogen fuel vehicle is a fuel cell vehicle.
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