JP2007181545A - Radiographic apparatus - Google Patents

Radiographic apparatus Download PDF

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JP2007181545A
JP2007181545A JP2006001184A JP2006001184A JP2007181545A JP 2007181545 A JP2007181545 A JP 2007181545A JP 2006001184 A JP2006001184 A JP 2006001184A JP 2006001184 A JP2006001184 A JP 2006001184A JP 2007181545 A JP2007181545 A JP 2007181545A
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ray
ray tube
subject
arm
light receiving
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Hiroshi Inoue
啓史 井上
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Shimadzu Corp
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Shimadzu Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To allow enlarging radiography compared to a conventional one in radiographic apparatus formed by retaining an X-ray tube section and an X-ray receiving section at both ends of a C-arm. <P>SOLUTION: This radiographic apparatus is provided with a moving mechanism 7 moving the X-ray tube section 2 along an X-ray irradiation axis (x). The moving mechanism 7 is composed of, for example, a slide rail, a motor (both are not shown) for driving the rail and the like. This constitution can change a magnification ratio by adjusting the distance between the X-ray tube and a subject to change a magnification ratio to, for example, magnifyingly observe a stenosed blood vessel. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、被検体を多方向からX線透視撮影できるX線撮影装置に関する。   The present invention relates to an X-ray imaging apparatus capable of X-ray fluoroscopic imaging of a subject from multiple directions.

例えばX線による心血管撮影の場合、冠動脈は心臓の表裏を取り巻いて3次元的に走行しているため一方向からのみ撮影すると多くの血管が重なって写り、また、X線照射軸に平行または斜めに走る血管は変形して写る。病変のある血管を他の血管と分離して正碓な血管像を得るためには多方向から撮影(角度付け撮影)する必要がある。このための撮影装置としては、C字形のアーム(以下、Cアーム)の両端それぞれにX線管を含むX線管部とイメージインテンシファイア等のイメージ管やカメラ等からなるX線受光部とを対向させて保持する構造とし、このCアームを被検体の体軸回りに回転させ、或いは体軸方向にスライドさせることで角度付けを可能にするように構成されている。   For example, in the case of X-ray cardiovascular imaging, the coronary arteries surround the front and back of the heart and travel three-dimensionally. The blood vessels running diagonally appear to be deformed. In order to separate a blood vessel with a lesion from other blood vessels and obtain a correct blood vessel image, it is necessary to photograph (angled photographing) from multiple directions. As an imaging apparatus for this purpose, an X-ray tube unit including an X-ray tube at each end of a C-shaped arm (hereinafter referred to as C-arm), an X-ray light receiving unit including an image tube such as an image intensifier, a camera, and the like The C-arm is configured to be able to be angled by rotating around the body axis of the subject or sliding it in the body axis direction.

近年、Cアームに保持されたX線管部とX線受光部が被検体の回りに回転しながら撮影する回転DSA(Digital subtraction angiography)や、得られたデータを処理して3次元画像を再構成する3次元angiography等の技法も発展している。
このようなCアームを用いたX線撮影装置については、特許文献1にも従来技術として記載されている。なお、Cアームを変形したU字形アームを用いる例もある。
In recent years, the rotation DSA (Digital subtraction angiography) in which the X-ray tube unit and the X-ray light receiving unit held by the C-arm rotate around the subject and the obtained data are processed to re-process the three-dimensional image. Constructing techniques such as three-dimensional angiography have also been developed.
An X-ray imaging apparatus using such a C-arm is also described in Patent Document 1 as a prior art. There is also an example using a U-shaped arm obtained by deforming the C-arm.

特開平6−105831号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 6-105831

上記のCアームを有するX線撮影装置では、撮影される画像の拡大率は、X線管−被検体−X線受光部の位置関係において、X線管−X線受光部間の距離とX線管−被検体間の距離との比で定まる。従って、通常はX線受光部をX線照射軸に沿って移動させることにより拡大率を調整するように構成されている。   In the X-ray imaging apparatus having the C-arm described above, the magnification of an image to be captured is determined by the distance between the X-ray tube and the X-ray light receiving unit and the X It is determined by the ratio of the distance between the tube and the subject. Therefore, the magnification rate is usually adjusted by moving the X-ray light receiving unit along the X-ray irradiation axis.

しかし、例えば前記回転DSAにおいて特定の血管などを拡大して撮影する場合は、さらに大きな拡大率が要求される。そのような場合、Cアームの回転軸と被検体との相対位置を変えれば、X線管−被検体間の距離も変わるので拡大率が調整できるように思われる。しかし、心臓など診断対象となる臓器を含む関心領域を回転中も常に撮影の視野内に収めるために、関心領域はCアームの回転軸付近に位置する必要があるので、Cアームの回転軸と被検体との相対位置は変えてはならない。つまり、このような方法で拡大率をさらに大きくすることはできない。   However, for example, when a specific blood vessel is enlarged and photographed in the rotating DSA, a larger enlargement ratio is required. In such a case, if the relative position between the rotation axis of the C arm and the subject is changed, the distance between the X-ray tube and the subject also changes, so that it seems that the enlargement ratio can be adjusted. However, since the region of interest including the organ to be diagnosed, such as the heart, always falls within the field of view of the image during rotation, the region of interest needs to be positioned near the rotation axis of the C arm. The relative position to the subject should not be changed. That is, the enlargement ratio cannot be further increased by such a method.

拡大率をさらに増大させるにはX線管−被検体間の距離を変えるべきであるが、従来、X線管を収めたX線管部とCアームの回転中心との距離は、心臓など診断対象となる臓器がX線受光部の視野サイズに収まるような値で固定されているため、それ以上の拡大撮影は不可能となっていた。
本発明はこのような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、Cアームの両端部にX線管部とX線受光部が保持されて成るX線撮影装置において、従来以上の拡大撮影を可能にすることを目的とする。
In order to further increase the enlargement ratio, the distance between the X-ray tube and the subject should be changed. Conventionally, the distance between the X-ray tube portion containing the X-ray tube and the center of rotation of the C arm is a diagnostic value such as the heart. Since the target organ is fixed at a value that fits in the visual field size of the X-ray light receiving unit, further enlargement imaging is impossible.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an X-ray imaging apparatus in which an X-ray tube unit and an X-ray light receiving unit are held at both ends of a C arm enables enlargement imaging more than conventional. The purpose is to do.

本発明は、上記課題を解決するために、X線管部をX線照射軸に沿って移動させる移動機構を備えた。このように構成したことにより、X線管−被検体間の距離を調整することで、拡大率を変えることが可能となる。   In order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes a moving mechanism that moves the X-ray tube section along the X-ray irradiation axis. With this configuration, the enlargement ratio can be changed by adjusting the distance between the X-ray tube and the subject.

本発明は上記のように構成されているので、X線管部をX線照射軸方向に被検体に接近させることでX線受光部における画像の拡大率を増し、従来よりも大きく拡大された画像を得ることができるので、例えば、狭窄を生じた血管を詳細に観察することが可能となる。撮影データ収集後に画像処理によって拡大像を得る場合に比べて、データ収集の段階で既に拡大されているので精密な画像が得られ、例えば、血管径を計測する場合も誤差を小さくすることができる。   Since the present invention is configured as described above, the enlargement ratio of the image in the X-ray receiving unit is increased by bringing the X-ray tube unit closer to the subject in the X-ray irradiation axis direction, and the image is enlarged more than before. Since an image can be obtained, for example, it becomes possible to observe in detail a blood vessel in which stenosis has occurred. Compared to the case where an enlarged image is obtained by image processing after image data collection, the image has already been magnified at the stage of data collection, so that a precise image can be obtained. For example, the error can be reduced when measuring the blood vessel diameter. .

本発明が提供するX線撮影装置の特徴は、Cアームに保持されたX線管部がX線照射軸に沿って移動できるように構成した点にある。従って、最良の形態の基本的な構成は、そのような移動機構を備えたX線撮影装置である。   The X-ray imaging apparatus provided by the present invention is characterized in that the X-ray tube portion held by the C-arm can be moved along the X-ray irradiation axis. Therefore, the basic configuration of the best mode is an X-ray imaging apparatus provided with such a moving mechanism.

図1および図2に本発明の一実施例の構成を示す。
図1において、X線管部2とX線受光部3がCアーム4の両端にそれぞれ保持されており、Cアーム4は回転軸Lの回りに回動可能に支持部材1によって支持されている。被検体載置テーブル5は、X線管部2内に収められたX線管2aからX線受光部3に向かうX線照射軸xを横切るように設けられると共に、その上に横臥する被検体6の体軸がCアーム4の回転軸Lとほぼ一致するように高さが調整されている。これは、Cアーム4を回転させながら被検体6の撮影を行う際に、関心領域が回転中も常にX線受光部3の視野内に収まるようにするためである。
1 and 2 show the configuration of an embodiment of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, an X-ray tube portion 2 and an X-ray light receiving portion 3 are respectively held at both ends of a C arm 4, and the C arm 4 is supported by a support member 1 so as to be rotatable around a rotation axis L. . The subject mounting table 5 is provided so as to cross the X-ray irradiation axis x heading from the X-ray tube 2a housed in the X-ray tube unit 2 to the X-ray light receiving unit 3, and lies on the subject. The height is adjusted so that the body axis 6 substantially coincides with the rotation axis L of the C arm 4. This is because when the subject 6 is imaged while the C-arm 4 is rotated, the region of interest is always within the visual field of the X-ray light receiving unit 3 even during rotation.

X線管部2はX線照射軸xに沿って移動可能にCアーム4の下端に保持される。図2はその構造を例示したものである。
図2において、図1と同じ符号を付したものは図1と同一物である。図2に示すように、X線管部2は移動機構7を介してCアーム4の下端に保持される。移動機構7は、例えばスライドレールとこれを駆動するモータ、およびこれらの間の伝動機構(例えば、ラック・ピニオン機構)等で構成され、X線管部2をX線照射軸xと平行に移動させることにより、X線管2aとX線受光部3との間の距離を調整する。
The X-ray tube section 2 is held at the lower end of the C arm 4 so as to be movable along the X-ray irradiation axis x. FIG. 2 illustrates the structure.
2, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 are the same as those in FIG. As shown in FIG. 2, the X-ray tube unit 2 is held at the lower end of the C arm 4 via the moving mechanism 7. The moving mechanism 7 includes, for example, a slide rail and a motor that drives the slide rail, and a transmission mechanism (for example, a rack and pinion mechanism) between them, and moves the X-ray tube unit 2 parallel to the X-ray irradiation axis x. By adjusting the distance, the distance between the X-ray tube 2a and the X-ray light receiving unit 3 is adjusted.

図3は、X線管部2の焦点F、X線受光部3の受光面S、および被検体6との位置関係を模式的に示した図であり、同図(A)は、例えば心血管撮影の場合であれば心臓全体が視野内に収まるように設定された従来装置における位置関係を、同図(B)は、本実施例においてX線管部2を被検体6に近付くように移動させた場合の位置関係を示す。
同図(A)に示すように、焦点F−被検体6間、および被検体6−受光面S間の距離をそれぞれa1、b1とすると、受光面Sに投影される像の拡大率E1は次式で表される。
E1=b1/a1 ・・・・・・(1)
同様に、同図(B)に示すように、焦点Fをcだけ被検体6に近づけた場合の焦点F−被検体6間、および被検体6−受光面S間の距離をそれぞれa2、b2とすると、拡大率E2は次式で表される。
E2=b2/a2
=(b1−c)/(a1−c) ・・・・・・(2)
次に、これらE1、E2の大きさを比較するために、両者の差の正負を調べてみる。
E2−E1=(b1−c)/(a1−c)−b1/a1
=(b1−a1)c/a1(a1−c) ・・・・・・(3)
ここで、図から、b1>a1>c であり、且ついずれも正数であることから(3)式は正数であり、従って、E2>E1であることがわかる。即ち、図3(B)における拡大率は同図(A)の場合よりも大きいことになり、X線管2aを被検体6に近づけることにより拡大された画像を得ることができる。
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically showing the positional relationship between the focal point F of the X-ray tube unit 2, the light receiving surface S of the X-ray light receiving unit 3, and the subject 6, and FIG. In the case of angiography, the positional relationship in the conventional apparatus set so that the entire heart falls within the field of view is shown in FIG. 5B so that the X-ray tube unit 2 approaches the subject 6 in this embodiment. The positional relationship when moved is shown.
As shown in FIG. 5A, when the distances between the focal point F and the subject 6 and between the subject 6 and the light receiving surface S are a1 and b1, respectively, the magnification E1 of the image projected on the light receiving surface S is as follows. It is expressed by the following formula.
E1 = b1 / a1 (1)
Similarly, as shown in FIG. 5B, the distances between the focal point F and the subject 6 and the subject 6 and the light receiving surface S when the focal point F is close to the subject 6 by c are a2 and b2, respectively. Then, the enlargement ratio E2 is expressed by the following equation.
E2 = b2 / a2
= (B1-c) / (a1-c) (2)
Next, in order to compare the magnitudes of E1 and E2, the positive / negative of the difference between the two will be examined.
E2-E1 = (b1-c) / (a1-c) -b1 / a1
= (B1-a1) c / a1 (a1-c) (3)
Here, from the figure, b1>a1> c and since both are positive numbers, it can be seen that equation (3) is a positive number, and therefore E2> E1. That is, the enlargement ratio in FIG. 3B is larger than in the case of FIG. 3A, and an enlarged image can be obtained by bringing the X-ray tube 2 a closer to the subject 6.

以上、主として心血管撮影の場合を例示して説明したが、本発明装置はその他のX線撮影にも適用できる。   As described above, the case of cardiovascular imaging has been mainly described as an example, but the apparatus of the present invention can also be applied to other X-ray imaging.

本発明はX線撮影装置に利用できる。   The present invention can be used in an X-ray imaging apparatus.

本発明の一実施例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例の部分を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the part of one Example of this invention. 本発明の一実施例の作用を説明する図である。It is a figure explaining the effect | action of one Example of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 支持部材
2 X線管部
2a X線管
3 X線受光部
4 Cアーム
5 被検体載置テーブル
6 被検体
7 移動機構
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Support member 2 X-ray tube part 2a X-ray tube 3 X-ray light-receiving part 4 C arm 5 Subject mounting table 6 Subject 7 Movement mechanism

Claims (1)

X線を発生するX線管部と、前記X線の照射軸上に配置されたX線受光部と、前記X線管部と前記X線受光部を両端部にそれぞれ保持するアームと、前記照射軸を横断する被検体載置テーブル上の被検体の回りに回動可能に前記アームを支持する支持部材とから成り、前記X線受光部において前記被検体のX線透視画像を生成するX線撮影装置において、前記X線管部を前記照射軸に沿って移動させる移動機構を備えたことを特徴とするX線撮影装置。   An X-ray tube section for generating X-rays, an X-ray light receiving section disposed on the X-ray irradiation axis, an arm for holding the X-ray tube section and the X-ray light receiving section at both ends, An X-ray fluoroscopic image for generating an X-ray fluoroscopic image of the subject in the X-ray light receiving unit, the support member supporting the arm so as to be rotatable around the subject on the subject placement table crossing the irradiation axis; An X-ray imaging apparatus, comprising: a moving mechanism that moves the X-ray tube section along the irradiation axis.
JP2006001184A 2006-01-06 2006-01-06 Radiographic apparatus Withdrawn JP2007181545A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014192111A1 (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 株式会社島津製作所 X-ray image capturing device

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2014192111A1 (en) * 2013-05-30 2014-12-04 株式会社島津製作所 X-ray image capturing device

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