JP2007177684A - Device for collecting carbon dioxide for vehicle and vehicle with same - Google Patents

Device for collecting carbon dioxide for vehicle and vehicle with same Download PDF

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JP2007177684A
JP2007177684A JP2005376738A JP2005376738A JP2007177684A JP 2007177684 A JP2007177684 A JP 2007177684A JP 2005376738 A JP2005376738 A JP 2005376738A JP 2005376738 A JP2005376738 A JP 2005376738A JP 2007177684 A JP2007177684 A JP 2007177684A
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carbon dioxide
vehicle
exhaust gas
temperature
absorber
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JP4645447B2 (en
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Masashi Nakamura
正志 中村
Yasuo Ito
泰雄 伊藤
Nobuaki Miki
修昭 三木
Naoki Ushiki
直樹 牛来
Masafumi Kobayashi
雅史 小林
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Equos Research Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02A50/20—Air quality improvement or preservation, e.g. vehicle emission control or emission reduction by using catalytic converters

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a vehicle capable of greatly reducing quantity of discharged carbon dioxide in spite of using an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel as a power source, and to provide a device for collecting carbon dioxide for the vehicle. <P>SOLUTION: The device is mounted between a muffler 2 and an exhaust pipe 3 of an exhaust system of an automobile as shown in Fig. 9, and is provided with a CO<SB>2</SB>absorbing part 4 storing carbon dioxide absorbent for absorbing carbon dioxide in exhaust gas. The muffler 2 and the CO<SB>2</SB>absorbing part 4 are connected via a three-way solenoid valve 5, and a trap 6 having an oil filter for collecting carbon dioxide absorbent getting scattered as mist from the CO<SB>2</SB>absorbing part 4 built therein is provided between the CO<SB>2</SB>absorbing part 4 and the exhaust pipe 3. Also, a bypass path connecting the solenoid valve 5 directly to the exhaust pipe 3 via a bypass pipe 7 is provided. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、車両の排気ガスから二酸化炭素を除去するための車両用二酸化炭素回収装置及びそれを備えた車両に関する。   The present invention relates to a vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device for removing carbon dioxide from exhaust gas of a vehicle and a vehicle including the same.

化石燃料の大量消費による大気中の二酸化炭素の濃度増加は、地球温暖化現象を引き起こすとして、世界規模の環境汚染が問題となっている。京都議定書の署名国である我国においても、議定書に定められた低減率まで二酸化炭素の総排出量を削減する義務を負っている。こうした社会的要請に基づき、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を二酸化炭素吸収剤によって回収・除去する方法が開発されている（例えば特許文献１）。   The increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere due to the large consumption of fossil fuels causes global warming, and global environmental pollution has become a problem. Japan, which is the signatory of the Kyoto Protocol, is also obligated to reduce the total carbon dioxide emissions to the reduction rate stipulated in the Protocol. Based on these social demands, a method for recovering and removing carbon dioxide in exhaust gas using a carbon dioxide absorbent has been developed (for example, Patent Document 1).

また、自動車産業においては、エンジンの構造改善による燃費の効率化や、ハイブリッド車によるエネルギーの節約など、二酸化炭素排出量の削減のための様々な技術が開発されている（例えば特許文献２）。   In the automobile industry, various techniques for reducing carbon dioxide emissions, such as improving fuel efficiency by improving the structure of an engine and saving energy by a hybrid vehicle, have been developed (for example, Patent Document 2).

特開平８−２５７３５５号公報JP-A-8-257355 特開平２００４−２５７２５９号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2004-257259

しかし、上記従来の二酸化炭素吸収剤を用いた二酸化炭素の回収・除去方法では、対象が化学プラント排ガスや火力発電所排ガス等の固定された排出源から排出される排ガスを処理するためのものであり、車両の排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を回収・除去するものは知られていない。   However, the conventional carbon dioxide recovery / removal method using the carbon dioxide absorbent described above is for treating exhaust gas emitted from a fixed emission source such as chemical plant exhaust gas or thermal power plant exhaust gas. There is no known device that recovers and removes carbon dioxide in vehicle exhaust.

また、内燃機関を用いた車両では、エネルギー源として化石燃料を使用する以上、燃焼ガスに二酸化炭素が含まれることは避けて通ることはできず、エンジンの構造改善による燃費の効率化やハイブリッド車によるエネルギーの節約などの技術のみでは、二酸化炭素の排出量の削減には限界があった。
これに対し、燃料電池や蓄電池など、化石燃料を用いない電気自動車の開発も進められているが、コスト面や技術面での課題も多い。 In addition, since vehicles using an internal combustion engine use fossil fuel as an energy source, it cannot be avoided that carbon dioxide is included in the combustion gas. With only technologies such as energy savings, there was a limit to reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
In contrast, development of electric vehicles that do not use fossil fuels, such as fuel cells and storage batteries, has been promoted, but there are many problems in terms of cost and technology.

本発明は、上記従来の実情に鑑みなされたものであり、化石燃料を用いる内燃機関を動力源としながらも、排出する二酸化炭素の量を大幅に削減することができる車両及びそれに用いるための車両用二酸化炭素回収装置を提供することを解決すべき課題としている。   The present invention has been made in view of the above-described conventional circumstances, and a vehicle capable of significantly reducing the amount of carbon dioxide to be discharged while using an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel as a power source, and a vehicle for use in the vehicle Providing an industrial carbon dioxide recovery device is a problem to be solved.

本発明の第１の局面の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置は、車両の排気系に取付けられて排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を除去することを特徴とする。
この車両用二酸化炭素回収装置を車両の排気系に取付け、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を除去すれば、車両から排出される二酸化炭素濃度を大幅に削減することができる。 A carbon dioxide recovery device for a vehicle according to a first aspect of the present invention is attached to an exhaust system of a vehicle and removes carbon dioxide in exhaust gas.
If this vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device is attached to the exhaust system of a vehicle and carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is removed, the concentration of carbon dioxide discharged from the vehicle can be greatly reduced.

第２の局面の発明は、車両の排気ガスに接触する二酸化炭素吸収部と、該二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整する温度調整部とを備え、前記温度調整部は車両の走行風及び／又は内燃機関の冷却水を利用して前記二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整するものである。
第２の局面の発明では、内燃機関から排出された排気ガス中の二酸化炭素が二酸化炭素吸収部において吸収されることにより、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素濃度が低減される。二酸化炭素吸収部の温度は温度調節部によって調整可能とされているため、二酸化炭素吸収のための最適温度条件を設定することにより、二酸化炭素の吸収効率を高めることができる。さらに、温度調整部は車両の走行風及び／又は内燃機関の冷却水を利用して二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整するため、温度調節のためのエネルギー源を新たに設ける必要がなくなり、エネルギー効率に優れたものとなる。このような車両用二酸化炭素回収装置としては特に限定はないが、例えば図１に示すような構造が考えられる。 The invention of the second aspect includes a carbon dioxide absorption part that contacts exhaust gas of a vehicle, and a temperature adjustment part that adjusts the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption part, wherein the temperature adjustment part is a vehicle running wind and / or The temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption part is adjusted using the cooling water of the internal combustion engine.
In the invention of the second aspect, the carbon dioxide concentration in the exhaust gas is reduced by the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas discharged from the internal combustion engine being absorbed in the carbon dioxide absorber. Since the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption part can be adjusted by the temperature adjustment part, the carbon dioxide absorption efficiency can be increased by setting the optimum temperature condition for carbon dioxide absorption. Furthermore, since the temperature adjustment unit adjusts the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption unit by using the driving wind of the vehicle and / or the cooling water of the internal combustion engine, it is not necessary to provide a new energy source for temperature adjustment, and energy efficiency It will be excellent. Although there is no limitation in particular as such a vehicle carbon dioxide collection apparatus, the structure as shown, for example in FIG. 1 can be considered.

また、第３の局面の発明においては、二酸化炭素吸収部は排気系において消音器内若しくは消音器の下流側に配置されるものとした。
二酸化炭素吸収部において排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を吸収するためには、内燃機関から排出された直後の高温の排気ガスよりも、ある程度下流側の温度が下がった排気ガスの方が吸収効率が良く、二酸化炭素吸収部の腐食速度を遅くすることができる。車両における消音器若しくは消音器の下流側における排気ガスの温度は、二酸化炭素の吸収に適した温度に近いため、ここへ二酸化炭素吸収部を配置すれば、温度調節が容易となる。また、二酸化炭素吸収部を消音器に配置した場合、二酸化炭素吸収部が消音機能を兼ねることとなり、別途消音器を配置する必要がなく、省スペースを実現することもできる。 In the invention of the third aspect, the carbon dioxide absorbing section is disposed in the silencer or downstream of the silencer in the exhaust system.
In order to absorb the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas in the carbon dioxide absorption part, the absorption efficiency of the exhaust gas whose temperature on the downstream side is lowered to some extent is better than the high-temperature exhaust gas immediately after being discharged from the internal combustion engine. , The corrosion rate of the carbon dioxide absorption part can be slowed down. Since the temperature of the exhaust gas on the silencer in the vehicle or on the downstream side of the silencer is close to the temperature suitable for the absorption of carbon dioxide, the temperature can be easily adjusted by disposing the carbon dioxide absorption section here. In addition, when the carbon dioxide absorbing unit is arranged in the silencer, the carbon dioxide absorbing unit also serves as a silencing function, so that it is not necessary to separately arrange the silencer and space saving can be realized.

さらに、第４の局面の発明によれば、排気系には二酸化炭素吸収部と並列にバイパス部が設けられ、排気ガスを二酸化炭素吸収部とバイパス部とに分配又は切替える分配装置が更に備えられる。
このような構造とすれば、二酸化炭素吸収部が何らかの理由によって圧力損失が大きくなったり、排気ガスの流量が二酸化炭素吸収部の能力を超えた場合などの場合に、バイパス部を通じて排気ガスを逃がすことができ、各部の破損等のトラブルを回避することができる。
また、このような構造とする場合において、分配装置は車両の内燃機関の回転数に基づき、排気ガスの分配又は切替えを制御することが好ましい。内燃機関の回転数と排気ガスの流量とは比例関係にあるため、排気ガスの流量に応じた適切な制御が可能となるからである。 Furthermore, according to the invention of the fourth aspect, the exhaust system is further provided with a bypass unit in parallel with the carbon dioxide absorption unit, and further provided with a distribution device that distributes or switches the exhaust gas to the carbon dioxide absorption unit and the bypass unit. .
With such a structure, when the pressure loss of the carbon dioxide absorption part increases for some reason, or when the flow rate of the exhaust gas exceeds the capacity of the carbon dioxide absorption part, the exhaust gas escapes through the bypass part. And troubles such as breakage of each part can be avoided.
Further, in such a structure, it is preferable that the distribution device controls the distribution or switching of the exhaust gas based on the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine of the vehicle. This is because the number of revolutions of the internal combustion engine and the flow rate of the exhaust gas are in a proportional relationship, so that appropriate control according to the flow rate of the exhaust gas is possible.

また、第５の局面の発明は、排気ガスを圧縮して二酸化炭素吸収部へ送る、排気ガス圧縮装置が更に備えられるものである。二酸化炭素吸収部において二酸化炭素吸収剤を用いて二酸化炭素を吸収させる場合、排気ガスの圧力が高いほど吸収速度が速くなり、吸収量も増大するからである。このような車両用二酸化炭素回収装置としては特に限定はないが、例えば図２に示すような構造が考えられる。 The invention of the fifth aspect further includes an exhaust gas compression device that compresses the exhaust gas and sends it to the carbon dioxide absorption part. This is because when the carbon dioxide absorber is used to absorb carbon dioxide in the carbon dioxide absorber, the higher the exhaust gas pressure, the faster the absorption speed and the greater the amount of absorption. Although there is no limitation in particular as such a vehicle carbon dioxide collection apparatus, the structure as shown, for example in FIG. 2 can be considered.

さらに、第５の局面の発明は、二酸化炭素吸収部へ二酸化炭素吸収剤を供給する手段と、二酸化炭層吸収部から二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収する手段と、回収された二酸化炭素吸収剤から二酸化炭素を分離する手段と、分離された二酸化炭素を保管する手段とが更に備えられる。
こうであれば、二酸化炭素を吸収し終えた二酸化炭素吸収剤から二酸化炭素を回収し、再び二酸化炭素吸収剤としてのリサイクル使用が可能となる。このため、二酸化炭素吸収剤の使用量を大幅に低減することができる。また、分離されて保管されている二酸化炭素を車両から分離することにより、二酸化炭素の回収も可能となる。このような車両用二酸化炭素回収装置としては特に限定はないが、例えば図３に示すような構造が考えられる。 Furthermore, the invention of the fifth aspect includes means for supplying a carbon dioxide absorbent to the carbon dioxide absorbing part, means for recovering the carbon dioxide absorbent from the carbon dioxide layer absorbing part, and carbon dioxide from the recovered carbon dioxide absorbent. And a means for storing the separated carbon dioxide.
If it is like this, carbon dioxide will be collect | recovered from the carbon dioxide absorber which finished absorbing carbon dioxide, and the recycle use as a carbon dioxide absorber will become possible again. For this reason, the usage-amount of a carbon dioxide absorber can be reduced significantly. Further, carbon dioxide can be recovered by separating carbon dioxide that has been separated and stored from the vehicle. Although there is no limitation in particular as such a vehicle carbon dioxide collection apparatus, the structure as shown, for example in FIG. 3 can be considered.

本発明の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置を備えた車両は、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素が車両用二酸化炭素回収装置によって回収されるため、化石燃料を用いる内燃機関を動力源としながらも、排出する二酸化炭素の量を大幅に削減することができる。   The vehicle equipped with the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device of the present invention collects carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas by the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device, so that it emits carbon dioxide while using an internal combustion engine using fossil fuel as a power source. The amount of carbon can be greatly reduced.

本発明において、二酸化炭素を除去するために二酸化炭素と化学反応して固定化することができる二酸化炭素吸収剤であれば特に限定はない。このような二酸化炭素吸収剤として、例えば、モノエタノールアミン、ジエタノールアミン、トリエタノールアミン、メチルジエタノールアミン、ジイソプロパノールアミン、ジグリコールアミン、２−アミノ−２−メチル−１プロパノール、２−イソプロピルアミノ−２−メチル−１−プロパノール、ジエタノールアミン等のアルカノールアミン化合物の水溶液を用いることができる。これらのアミン化合物は下記化学反応式にしたがって化学平衡状態が保たれる。

Figure 2007177684
In the present invention, there is no particular limitation as long as it is a carbon dioxide absorbent that can be immobilized by chemical reaction with carbon dioxide in order to remove carbon dioxide. Examples of such carbon dioxide absorbent include monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, methyldiethanolamine, diisopropanolamine, diglycolamine, 2-amino-2-methyl-1propanol, 2-isopropylamino-2- An aqueous solution of an alkanolamine compound such as methyl-1-propanol or diethanolamine can be used. These amine compounds maintain chemical equilibrium according to the following chemical reaction formula.
Figure 2007177684

この反応では、温度が高くなるほど二酸化炭素を放出する左方向に平衡が移動するため、二酸化炭素の固定化率は温度が低いほうがよいが、あまり温度が低くなると反応速度が遅くなり二酸化炭素の吸収効率が悪くなる。このため、二酸化炭素を迅速に吸収させるためには、最適な温度となるように制御することが望ましい。二酸化炭素の吸収に適した温度は化合物の種類によって異なり、適宜最適な温度を選択すればよいが、一般的には１60℃よりも低い温度が好ましい。２−アミノ−２−メチル−１プロパノール水溶液を二酸化炭素吸収剤として用いる場合には、４０〜５０°Ｃが適当である。また、アミン化合物の沸点は２００°Ｃ以上の高いもが好ましい。沸点が低い場合には、排気ガス中のアミン化合物の分圧が高くなり、外部へ排出されてしまうからである。また、温度によって二酸化炭素を吸収したり、放出したりする性質を利用し、二酸化炭素を吸収した二酸化炭素吸収剤から二酸化炭素を放出させて、再生利用することも可能である。こうして放出させた二酸化炭素は冷却して液化あるいは固化して他の用途に利用することもできる。   In this reaction, the higher the temperature, the more the equilibrium moves to the left to release carbon dioxide, so the lower the temperature, the better the carbon dioxide immobilization rate, but the lower the temperature, the slower the reaction rate and the absorption of carbon dioxide. Inefficiency. For this reason, in order to absorb carbon dioxide rapidly, it is desirable to control so that it may become optimal temperature. The temperature suitable for the absorption of carbon dioxide varies depending on the kind of the compound, and an optimal temperature may be selected as appropriate. In general, a temperature lower than 160 ° C. is preferable. When an aqueous 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol solution is used as a carbon dioxide absorbent, 40 to 50 ° C. is appropriate. Further, the boiling point of the amine compound is preferably as high as 200 ° C or higher. This is because when the boiling point is low, the partial pressure of the amine compound in the exhaust gas increases and is discharged outside. Further, by utilizing the property of absorbing and releasing carbon dioxide according to temperature, it is possible to recycle by releasing carbon dioxide from a carbon dioxide absorbent that has absorbed carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide thus released can be cooled and liquefied or solidified for use in other applications.

二酸化炭素吸収剤がアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液のように液体である場合には、二酸化炭素吸収部にその溶液を収容しておき、排気ガスをバブリングすれば排気ガス中の二酸化炭素が二酸化炭素吸収剤に吸収される（図４参照）。この場合において、迅速な吸収を実現するためにはバブリングはなるべく細かい泡とすることが好ましい。このためには、排気ガスを多孔体に通過させたり、マイクロバブル発生装置（例えば特願２０００−６１８００２に記載の旋回式微細気泡発生装置）を用いたりすることができる（図５参照）。
また、こうした二酸化炭素吸収剤の水溶液を排気ガス中に霧状に噴霧してもよい。噴霧のための装置としては、霧吹きの原理を用いたピトー管方式、インクジェットプリンターで採用されている毛細管から熱パルスによる噴霧方法（図６参照）、超音波を利用して噴霧する方式などを採用することができる。
さらには、二酸化炭素吸収部に筒状や塊状の充填剤を充填しておき、そこへ二酸化炭素吸収剤の水溶液を注ぎながら、充填剤間の隙間を介して向流方向に排気ガスを流しても良い（図７参照）。 When the carbon dioxide absorbent is a liquid such as an aqueous solution of an alkanolamine compound, the solution is accommodated in the carbon dioxide absorber, and if the exhaust gas is bubbled, the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas becomes the carbon dioxide absorbent. Absorbed (see FIG. 4). In this case, it is preferable to make the bubbling as fine as possible in order to realize quick absorption. For this purpose, exhaust gas can be passed through the porous body, or a microbubble generator (for example, a swirl type fine bubble generator described in Japanese Patent Application No. 2000-618002) can be used (see FIG. 5).
Moreover, you may spray the aqueous solution of such a carbon dioxide absorber in exhaust gas in the shape of a mist. As a device for spraying, a Pitot tube method using the principle of spraying, a spraying method using heat pulses from capillaries used in inkjet printers (see Fig. 6), a method of spraying using ultrasonic waves, etc. are adopted. can do.
Furthermore, the carbon dioxide absorbing portion is filled with a cylindrical or massive filler, and an aqueous solution of the carbon dioxide absorbent is poured into the carbon dioxide absorbing portion, and exhaust gas is caused to flow in the countercurrent direction through the gap between the fillers. (See FIG. 7).

また、二酸化炭素吸収部から蒸発したりミストとなって散逸したりする二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収するためのトラップを設けることが好ましい。トラップの構造としては、排気ガスを冷却させて二酸化炭素吸収剤を凝集させたり、液体中に排気ガスをバブリングさせて二酸化炭素吸収剤を溶解させたり（図８参照）、フィルターによってミストを回収したりすることが考えられる。   Moreover, it is preferable to provide a trap for recovering the carbon dioxide absorbent that evaporates from the carbon dioxide absorption section or dissipates as mist. The trap structure is such that the exhaust gas is cooled to agglomerate the carbon dioxide absorbent, or the exhaust gas is bubbled into the liquid to dissolve the carbon dioxide absorbent (see FIG. 8). Can be considered.

以下、本発明を具体化した実施形態について図面を参照しつつ説明する。
（ 実施形態１ ）
図９に示すように、実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置１は、自動車の排気系における消音器２と排気管３との間に取付けられており、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を吸収するための二酸化炭素吸収剤を収容するＣＯ２吸収部４を備えている。消音器２とＣＯ２吸収部４とは三方性の電磁弁５を介して接続されており、ＣＯ２吸収部４と排気管３との間にはＣＯ２吸収部４からミストとなって散逸してくる二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収するためのオイルフィルターを内蔵するトラップ６が設けられている。また、電磁弁５には、バイパス管７を介し直接排気管３に接続されるバイパス経路が接続されている。 DESCRIPTION OF EXEMPLARY EMBODIMENTS Hereinafter, embodiments of the invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
(Embodiment 1)
As shown in FIG. 9, the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device 1 of the first embodiment is attached between the silencer 2 and the exhaust pipe 3 in the exhaust system of the automobile, and absorbs carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas. For this purpose, a CO 2 absorber 4 is provided for containing a carbon dioxide absorbent. The silencer 2 and the CO 2 absorber 4 are connected via a three-way solenoid valve 5, and the CO 2 absorber 4 and the exhaust pipe 3 are dissipated as mist from the CO 2 absorber 4. A trap 6 containing an oil filter for collecting the incoming carbon dioxide absorbent is provided. Further, a bypass path that is directly connected to the exhaust pipe 3 via the bypass pipe 7 is connected to the electromagnetic valve 5.

ＣＯ２吸収部４には、二酸化炭素吸収剤を貯留する吸収貯留槽９及び使用済みの二酸化炭素吸収剤を貯留する使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０が三方性の電磁弁８を介して接続されている。そして、電磁弁８を操作することにより、吸収貯留槽９に貯留されている二酸化炭素吸収剤をＣＯ２吸収部４に流入させたり、ＣＯ２吸収部４に収容されている二酸化炭素吸収剤を使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０に流入させたりすることが可能とされている。
また、ＣＯ２吸収部４は圧力配管１２によってコンプレッサ１１と接続されており、圧力配管１２の途中には二方性の電磁弁１３が設けられている。
さらに、ＣＯ2吸収部4内部には図示しない熱交換器が設けられており、熱交換器は冷却水配管１５によってラジエター１６と接続され、ラジエター１６から供給される冷却水と二酸化炭素吸収剤との熱交換を可能としている。冷却水配管１５の途中には二方性の電磁弁１７が設けられている。また、ＣＯ２吸収部４は走行風があたることによって冷却可能とされている。
また、ＣＯ２吸収部４の内部には温度センサー１９及び圧力センサー２０が設けられており、温度センサー１９は温度調節装置１８に接続されており、圧力センサー２０は電磁弁制御部１４に接続されている。温度調節装置１８は温度センサー１９からの出力信号に基づき、ＣＯ2吸収部4内部が所定の温度となるように電磁弁１７の開閉制御を行う。また、電磁弁制御装置１４は圧力センサー２０からの出力信号に基づき、ＣＯ２吸収部４の内部を所定の圧力となるように電磁弁８の開閉制御を行う。なお、ＣＯ２吸収部４の内部が所定の圧力以上となった場合、及び、エンジンの回転数が所定以上の回転数となった場合には、電磁弁制御装置１４はバイパス管７に排気ガスが流れるように電磁弁５を制御する。 An absorption storage tank 9 for storing a carbon dioxide absorbent and a used absorbent storage tank 10 for storing a used carbon dioxide absorbent are connected to the CO 2 absorber 4 via a three-way electromagnetic valve 8. Yes. Then, by operating the electromagnetic valve 8, the carbon dioxide absorbent reserved in the absorption reservoir 9 or to flow into the CO 2 absorber section 4, the carbon dioxide absorbing agent accommodated in the CO 2 absorbing section 4 It can be allowed to flow into the used absorbent storage tank 10.
The CO 2 absorber 4 is connected to the compressor 11 by a pressure pipe 12, and a bi-directional electromagnetic valve 13 is provided in the middle of the pressure pipe 12.
Further, a heat exchanger (not shown) is provided inside the CO 2 absorber 4, and the heat exchanger is connected to the radiator 16 by the cooling water pipe 15, and the cooling water supplied from the radiator 16, the carbon dioxide absorbent, Heat exchange is possible. A bi-directional electromagnetic valve 17 is provided in the middle of the cooling water pipe 15. In addition, the CO 2 absorber 4 can be cooled by being struck by traveling wind.
Further, a temperature sensor 19 and a pressure sensor 20 are provided inside the CO 2 absorption unit 4, and the temperature sensor 19 is connected to the temperature adjustment device 18, and the pressure sensor 20 is connected to the electromagnetic valve control unit 14. ing. Based on the output signal from the temperature sensor 19, the temperature adjustment device 18 controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 17 so that the inside of the CO 2 absorber 4 reaches a predetermined temperature. Further, the electromagnetic valve control device 14 controls the opening and closing of the electromagnetic valve 8 based on the output signal from the pressure sensor 20 so that the inside of the CO 2 absorber 4 has a predetermined pressure. In addition, when the inside of the CO 2 absorption unit 4 becomes a predetermined pressure or more, and when the engine speed becomes a predetermined speed or more, the solenoid valve control device 14 puts the exhaust gas into the bypass pipe 7. The solenoid valve 5 is controlled so as to flow.

以上のように構成された実施形態の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置１の制御方法について説明する。
図１０に示すように、エンジンが始動されると、図示しないエンジン回転数センサーからの回転数信号が電磁弁制御部１４に入力され、エンジン回転数があらかじめ設定された回転数Ｘ以上であるか否かが判断される。そして、エンジンの回転数がＸ以上の場合には、電磁弁制御部１４から電磁弁５へ制御信号が送られ、電磁弁５が駆動し消音器２とバイパス管７とが連通状態となる。これにより、ＣＯ２吸収部４への排気ガスの過剰な流入が回避される。
一方、エンジンの回転数がＸよりも小さい場合には、さらに圧力センサー２０から送られた圧力信号に基づき、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の圧力があらかじめ設定された圧力Ｐx以上であるか否かが判断される。そして、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の圧力があらかじめ設定された圧力Ｐx以上である場合には、電磁弁制御部１４から電磁弁５へ制御信号が送られ、電磁弁５が駆動し消音器２とバイパス管７とが連通状態となる。これによってＣＯ２吸収部４内の圧力が高くなりすぎて破損することを防止することができる。
一方、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の圧力があらかじめ設定された圧力Ｐxよりも低い場合には、電磁弁制御部１４から電磁弁５へ制御信号が送られ、電磁弁５が駆動し消音器２とＣＯ２吸収部４とが連通状態となり、排気ガスがＣＯ２吸収部４へ流入し、二酸化炭素吸収剤によって排気ガス中の二酸化炭素が吸収される。また、電磁弁制御部１４から電磁弁１３へ制御信号が送られ、電磁弁１３が開状態となり、コンプレッサ１２から圧縮空気がＣＯ２吸収部４内に送られ、内部の圧力が高められる。こうして、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の圧力が常に設定圧力Ｐｘに保たれることにより、排気ガス中の二酸化炭素の分圧が高められ、二酸化炭素吸収剤への二酸化炭素の吸収反応が促進される。
そして、さらに温度センサー１９から送られた温度信号が温度調節装置１８に送られ、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の温度があらかじめ設定された温度Ｔx以下であるか否かが判断される。そして、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の温度があらかじめ設定された温度Ｔx以下である場合には、温度調節装置１８から電磁弁１７へ制御信号が送られ、電磁弁１７が閉じられラジエター１６からの冷却水が停止する。
一方、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の温度があらかじめ設定された温度Ｔxより高い場合には、電磁弁１７が開きラジエター１６から冷却水がＣＯ２吸収部４内の熱交換器に流入する。こうして、ＣＯ２吸収部４内の温度は常に設定されたＴｘとなるように制御が行われる。
また、ＣＯ２吸収部４内で二酸化炭素が除去された排気ガスはトラップ６を通過し、排気管３から外気に排出される。トラップ６では、ＣＯ２吸収部４から飛散してきた二酸化炭素吸収剤のミストがフィルターによって吸着除去される。 A control method of the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device 1 of the embodiment configured as described above will be described.
As shown in FIG. 10, when the engine is started, a rotational speed signal from an engine rotational speed sensor (not shown) is input to the electromagnetic valve control unit 14, and the engine rotational speed is equal to or higher than a predetermined rotational speed X. It is determined whether or not. When the engine speed is X or more, a control signal is sent from the solenoid valve control unit 14 to the solenoid valve 5, the solenoid valve 5 is driven, and the silencer 2 and the bypass pipe 7 are in communication. Thereby, excessive inflow of the exhaust gas to the CO 2 absorber 4 is avoided.
On the other hand, when the engine speed is smaller than X, whether or not the pressure in the CO 2 absorber 4 is equal to or higher than a preset pressure Px based on the pressure signal sent from the pressure sensor 20. To be judged. When the pressure in the CO 2 absorber 4 is equal to or higher than a preset pressure Px, a control signal is sent from the solenoid valve controller 14 to the solenoid valve 5 to drive the solenoid valve 5 and The bypass pipe 7 is in communication. As a result, it is possible to prevent the pressure in the CO 2 absorber 4 from becoming too high and being damaged.
On the other hand, when the pressure in the CO 2 absorber 4 is lower than the preset pressure Px, a control signal is sent from the solenoid valve controller 14 to the solenoid valve 5 to drive the solenoid valve 5 and The CO 2 absorber 4 is in communication with the exhaust gas, the exhaust gas flows into the CO 2 absorber 4, and the carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is absorbed by the carbon dioxide absorbent. Further, a control signal is sent from the solenoid valve control unit 14 to the solenoid valve 13, the solenoid valve 13 is opened, and compressed air is sent from the compressor 12 into the CO 2 absorption unit 4 to increase the internal pressure. Thus, the pressure in the CO 2 absorber 4 is always maintained at the set pressure Px, so that the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the exhaust gas is increased, and the carbon dioxide absorption reaction in the carbon dioxide absorbent is promoted. .
Further, a temperature signal sent from the temperature sensor 19 is sent to the temperature adjusting device 18 to determine whether or not the temperature in the CO 2 absorber 4 is equal to or lower than a preset temperature Tx. When the temperature in the CO 2 absorber 4 is equal to or lower than a preset temperature Tx, a control signal is sent from the temperature adjustment device 18 to the electromagnetic valve 17, the electromagnetic valve 17 is closed, and cooling from the radiator 16 is performed. Water stops.
On the other hand, when the temperature in the CO 2 absorber 4 is higher than the preset temperature Tx, the electromagnetic valve 17 is opened and cooling water flows from the radiator 16 into the heat exchanger in the CO 2 absorber 4. In this way, control is performed so that the temperature in the CO 2 absorber 4 is always set to Tx.
Further, the exhaust gas from which carbon dioxide has been removed in the CO 2 absorber 4 passes through the trap 6 and is discharged from the exhaust pipe 3 to the outside air. In the trap 6, the mist of the carbon dioxide absorbent scattered from the CO 2 absorber 4 is adsorbed and removed by the filter.

以上のように、実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置では、大気中に排気ガスを排出する前に排気ガス中に含まれている二酸化炭素を除去することができる。このため、車両から排出される二酸化炭素の量を大幅に削減することができる。
また、排気系には二酸化炭素吸収部４と並列にバイパス管７が設けられ、さらに排気ガスを二酸化炭素吸収部４とバイパス管７とに切替える分配装置としての電磁弁５及び電磁弁制御部１４が設けられているため、二酸化炭素吸収部４が何らかの理由によって詰まったり、排気ガスの流量が二酸化炭素吸収部４の能力を超えた場合などの場合に、バイパス管７を通じて排気ガスを逃がすことができ、各部の破損等のトラブルを回避することができる。 As described above, the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to Embodiment 1 can remove carbon dioxide contained in the exhaust gas before exhaust gas is discharged into the atmosphere. For this reason, the amount of carbon dioxide discharged from the vehicle can be significantly reduced.
Further, the exhaust system is provided with a bypass pipe 7 in parallel with the carbon dioxide absorption section 4, and further, an electromagnetic valve 5 and an electromagnetic valve control section 14 as a distribution device for switching the exhaust gas to the carbon dioxide absorption section 4 and the bypass pipe 7. Therefore, when the carbon dioxide absorption part 4 is clogged for some reason or when the flow rate of the exhaust gas exceeds the capacity of the carbon dioxide absorption part 4, the exhaust gas can escape through the bypass pipe 7. And troubles such as breakage of each part can be avoided.

（ 実施形態２ ）
実施形態２の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置は、二酸化炭素を吸収した使用済みのアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液から二酸化炭素を回収することができるものである。この車両用二酸化炭素回収装置は、図１１に示すように、ＣＯ２貯留タンク２１が配管２０を介して使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０に接続されており、配管２０の途中には二方性の電磁弁２２が設けられている。また、使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０は配管２４を介してエンジン冷却管２３に接続されており、配管２４の途中には二方性の電磁弁２５が設けられている。電磁弁２２及び電磁弁２５は電磁弁制御部１４によって制御可能とされている。他の構造は実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置１と同様であり、説明を省略する。 (Embodiment 2)
The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device of Embodiment 2 is capable of recovering carbon dioxide from a used aqueous solution of an alkanolamine compound that has absorbed carbon dioxide. In this vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device, as shown in FIG. 11, a CO 2 storage tank 21 is connected to a used absorbent storage tank 10 via a pipe 20. An electromagnetic valve 22 is provided. The used absorbent storage tank 10 is connected to an engine cooling pipe 23 via a pipe 24, and a bi-directional electromagnetic valve 25 is provided in the middle of the pipe 24. The solenoid valve 22 and the solenoid valve 25 can be controlled by the solenoid valve control unit 14. The other structure is the same as that of the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device 1 of the first embodiment, and a description thereof is omitted.

この車両用二酸化炭素回収装置において、使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０に貯留されている使用済みのアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液から二酸化炭素を回収する場合には、電磁弁制御部１４によって電磁弁８を閉状態とするとともに、電磁弁２２及び電磁弁２５を開状態にする。電磁弁２５が開状態にされると、使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０からアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液がエンジン冷却管２３に流れ、エンジンから熱を吸収して再び使用済吸収剤貯留槽１０に戻る。こうして暖められたアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液は吸収した二酸化炭素を放出する。そして、放出された二酸化炭素は配管２０を通ってＣＯ２貯留タンク２１に貯留され、使用済のアルカノールアミン化合物水溶液が再生される。
他の作用効果は実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置と同様である。 In this vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device, when recovering carbon dioxide from the used alkanolamine compound aqueous solution stored in the used absorbent storage tank 10, the electromagnetic valve 8 is closed by the electromagnetic valve control unit 14. In addition, the electromagnetic valve 22 and the electromagnetic valve 25 are opened. When the electromagnetic valve 25 is opened, the alkanolamine compound aqueous solution flows from the used absorbent storage tank 10 to the engine cooling pipe 23, absorbs heat from the engine, and returns to the used absorbent storage tank 10 again. The aqueous alkanolamine compound solution thus warmed releases the absorbed carbon dioxide. The released carbon dioxide is stored in the CO 2 storage tank 21 through the pipe 20, and the used alkanolamine compound aqueous solution is regenerated.
Other functions and effects are the same as those of the vehicle carbon dioxide recovery apparatus of the first embodiment.

この発明は上記発明の実施の態様及び実施例の説明に何ら限定されるものではない。特許請求の範囲を逸脱せず、当業者が容易に想到できる範囲で種々の変形態様もこの発明に含まれる。   The present invention is not limited to the description of the embodiments and examples of the invention described above. Various modifications are also included in the present invention as long as those skilled in the art can easily conceive without departing from the scope of the claims.

本発明の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置のブロック図の例である。It is an example of the block diagram of the carbon dioxide collection device for vehicles of the present invention. 排気ガス圧縮装置を備えた本発明の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置のブロック図の例である。It is an example of a block diagram of a carbon dioxide recovery device for vehicles of the present invention provided with an exhaust gas compression device. 二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収する手段と、分離する手段と、保管する手段とが備えられた本発明の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置のブロック図の例である。It is an example of the block diagram of the carbon dioxide recovery device for vehicles of the present invention provided with the means to collect a carbon dioxide absorber, the means to separate, and the means to store. バブリングによる二酸化炭素吸収部の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide absorption part by bubbling. マイクロバブル発生装置による二酸化炭素吸収部の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide absorption part by a microbubble generator. 噴霧方式による二酸化炭素吸収部の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide absorption part by a spraying method. 充填剤を用いた二酸化炭素吸収部の模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of the carbon dioxide absorption part using a filler. バブリングによるに二酸化炭素トラップの模式図である。It is a schematic diagram of a carbon dioxide trap by bubbling. 実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置のブロック図である。1 is a block diagram of a vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態１の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置のフローチャートである。It is a flowchart of the carbon dioxide collection device for vehicles of Embodiment 1. 実施形態２の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置の一部ブロック図である。It is a partial block diagram of the carbon dioxide recovery device for vehicles of Embodiment 2.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

４…二酸化炭素吸収部
１８…温度調製装置（温度調整部）
１９…温度センサー
２…消音器
７…バイパス管（バイパス部）
５…電磁弁（分配装置）
１１…コンプレッサ（排気ガス圧縮装置）
９…吸収剤貯留槽（二酸化炭素吸収剤を供給する手段）
１０…使用済吸収剤貯留槽（二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収する手段）
２３…エンジン冷却管２３（二酸化炭素を分離する手段）
２１…ＣＯ２貯留タンク（二酸化炭素を保管する手段） 4 ... carbon dioxide absorption part 18 ... temperature adjustment device (temperature adjustment part)
19 ... temperature sensor 2 ... silencer 7 ... bypass pipe (bypass)
5 ... Solenoid valve (distributor)
11 ... Compressor (exhaust gas compressor)
9 ... Absorbent reservoir (means for supplying carbon dioxide absorbent)
10 ... Used absorbent storage tank (means for collecting carbon dioxide absorbent)
23 ... Engine cooling pipe 23 (means for separating carbon dioxide)
21 ... CO 2 storage tank (means for storing carbon dioxide)

Claims (8)

車両の排気系に取付けられて排気ガス中の二酸化炭素を除去する、ことを特徴とする車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 A vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device, which is attached to an exhaust system of a vehicle and removes carbon dioxide in exhaust gas. 車両の排気ガスに接触する二酸化炭素吸収部と、
該二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整する温度調整部と、を備え、
前記温度調整部は車両の走行風及び／又は内燃機関の冷却水を利用して前記二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整する、ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 A carbon dioxide absorber that contacts the exhaust gas of the vehicle;
A temperature adjustment unit for adjusting the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption unit,
2. The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjustment unit adjusts the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption unit using traveling wind of a vehicle and / or cooling water of an internal combustion engine. 前記二酸化炭素吸収部は前記排気系において消音器内若しくは該消音器の下流側に配置される、ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 3. The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 2, wherein the carbon dioxide absorption unit is disposed in the silencer or on the downstream side of the silencer in the exhaust system. 前記排気系には前記二酸化炭素吸収部と並列にバイパス部が設けられ、前記排気ガスを前記二酸化炭素吸収部と前記バイパス部とに分配又は切替える分配装置が更に備えられる、ことを特徴とする請求項２又は３に記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 The exhaust system further includes a bypass unit provided in parallel with the carbon dioxide absorption unit, and further includes a distribution device that distributes or switches the exhaust gas to the carbon dioxide absorption unit and the bypass unit. Item 4. The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to Item 2 or 3. 前記分配装置は前記車両の内燃機関の回転数に基づき、前記排気ガスの分配又は切替えを制御する、ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 5. The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to claim 4, wherein the distribution device controls distribution or switching of the exhaust gas based on a rotational speed of an internal combustion engine of the vehicle. 前記排気ガスを圧縮して前記二酸化炭素吸収部へ送る、排気ガス圧縮装置が更に備えられる、ことを特徴とする請求項２〜５のいずれかに記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to any one of claims 2 to 5, further comprising an exhaust gas compression device that compresses the exhaust gas and sends the compressed gas to the carbon dioxide absorption unit. 前記二酸化炭素吸収部へ二酸化炭素吸収剤を供給する手段と、前記二酸化炭層吸収部から前記二酸化炭素吸収剤を回収する手段と、該回収された二酸化炭素吸収剤から二酸化炭素を分離する手段と、分離された二酸化炭素を保管する手段と、が更に備えられる、ことを特徴とする請求項２〜６のいずれかに記載の車両用二酸化炭素回収装置。 Means for supplying a carbon dioxide absorbent to the carbon dioxide absorber, means for recovering the carbon dioxide absorbent from the carbon dioxide layer absorber, means for separating carbon dioxide from the recovered carbon dioxide absorbent, The vehicle carbon dioxide recovery device according to any one of claims 2 to 6, further comprising: means for storing the separated carbon dioxide. 車両の排気ガスに接触する二酸化炭素吸収部と、
該二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整する温度調整部とを備え、
前記温度調整部は車両の走行風及び／又は内燃機関の冷却水を利用して前記二酸化炭素吸収部の温度を調整することを特徴とする車両。 A carbon dioxide absorber that contacts the exhaust gas of the vehicle;
A temperature adjustment unit for adjusting the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorption unit,
The vehicle according to claim 1, wherein the temperature adjusting unit adjusts the temperature of the carbon dioxide absorbing unit by using traveling wind of the vehicle and / or cooling water of the internal combustion engine.
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