JP2007162891A - Sintered friction substance - Google Patents

Sintered friction substance Download PDF

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JP2007162891A
JP2007162891A JP2005362744A JP2005362744A JP2007162891A JP 2007162891 A JP2007162891 A JP 2007162891A JP 2005362744 A JP2005362744 A JP 2005362744A JP 2005362744 A JP2005362744 A JP 2005362744A JP 2007162891 A JP2007162891 A JP 2007162891A
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friction
calcium carbonate
sintered
sintered friction
friction material
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JP4620582B2 (en
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Akio Miyazaki
聡夫 宮崎
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Akebono Brake Industry Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a sintered friction substance suppressing the friction action on a counterpart material by intentionally adding a great deal of a friction conditioning agent. <P>SOLUTION: In the sintered friction substance, a metal material is used as a matrix, it includes a solid lubricant and the friction conditioning agent, and it includes 1-15 vol.% calcium carbonate to be used as the friction conditioning agent. By adding a great deal of the calcium carbonate to the mixed material, the calcium carbonate is decomposed into particulate calcium oxide in a sintering (heat treatment) process, a very gentle grinding effect is provided in a friction boundary face, and the friction action on the counterpart material is extensively improved particularly in a low temperature zone. Even when the counterpart material is a rotor made of light metal such as aluminum, its alloy, or an aluminum composite material, the the friction action on the counterpart material is extensively improved while maintaining certain friction performance such as a friction coefficient or wear resistance, and it can be used in combination with the counterpart material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

この発明は、鉄道車両を初めとする自動車、航空機、産業機械等の制動部材に用いられるブレーキライニング、ディスクパッド、クラッチフェーシング等に使用される焼結摩擦材に関する。   The present invention relates to a sintered friction material used for brake linings, disk pads, clutch facings, etc. used for braking members of automobiles, aircrafts, industrial machines and the like including railway vehicles.

近年、自動車の高性能化、高出力化に伴い、ブレーキ等の制動条件も苛酷なものになっている。このような苛酷な制動のためには、摩擦材には高い摩擦係数の維持が必要とされる。このため、高い摩擦係数を有する高負荷摩擦材である焼結摩擦材が用いられてきている。   In recent years, with increasing performance and output of automobiles, braking conditions such as braking have become severe. For such severe braking, the friction material is required to maintain a high coefficient of friction. For this reason, a sintered friction material which is a high load friction material having a high friction coefficient has been used.

一般的に焼結摩擦材は、高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性を有しているが、その代償として、相手材攻撃性が著しく高い。即ち、相手材への攻撃性が大きいために、相手材の摩耗量を増加させるという問題点を有している。一方、焼結摩擦材の相手材に対する攻撃性を低減させていくと、今度は逆に相手材に焼結摩擦材が溶着してしまい、耐摩耗性が悪化してしまうという問題が起こる。したがって、相手材に対する攻撃性の増加と相手材への溶着とを極力抑え、高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性とを維持することが焼結摩擦材には求められている。   In general, sintered friction materials have a high coefficient of friction and wear resistance, but at the expense of being highly attackable against the mating material. That is, since the aggressiveness to the counterpart material is large, there is a problem that the wear amount of the counterpart material is increased. On the other hand, if the aggressiveness of the sintered friction material against the mating material is reduced, the problem arises that the sintered friction material is welded to the mating material and the wear resistance deteriorates. Therefore, the sintered friction material is required to suppress an increase in aggressiveness against the counterpart material and to adhere to the counterpart material as much as possible, and to maintain a high friction coefficient and wear resistance.

一方、相手材として、軽量化・高放熱性を目的として軽合金を用いた材質が開発されている。その軽合金材質の代表例として、アルミニウム、若しくはその合金、及び複合材が開発されている。   On the other hand, as a counterpart material, a material using a light alloy has been developed for the purpose of weight reduction and high heat dissipation. As a representative example of the light alloy material, aluminum, an alloy thereof, and a composite material have been developed.

本出願人は、相手材に対する攻撃性の増加と相手材への溶着とを極力抑え、高い摩擦係数と耐摩耗性を維持できる焼結摩擦材を提供している(例えば、特許文献1参照)。この焼結摩擦材においては、銅又は銅合金をマトリックスとし、固体潤滑材と、研削材と、摩擦調整材とを有する鉄系焼結摩擦材であり、摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムを体積比率で1〜10%配合している。この焼結摩擦材は、マトリックスに銅又は銅合金を用いた焼結摩擦材であり、マトリックス中に固体潤滑材、研削材、及び摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムとを配合し、その配合組成物を常法に従って所望の形状に圧縮成形し、焼結することにより得たものである。炭酸カルシウムをこの範囲で配合することにより、炭酸カルシウム中のカルシウムが焼結中に分解されて酸化カルシウム(CaO)となり、摩擦材中に穏やかな研削作用を生じさせていると考えられる。   The present applicant provides a sintered friction material that can suppress an increase in aggressiveness against the counterpart material and welding to the counterpart material as much as possible and maintain a high friction coefficient and wear resistance (see, for example, Patent Document 1). . This sintered friction material is an iron-based sintered friction material having copper or a copper alloy as a matrix, a solid lubricant, an abrasive, and a friction modifier, and calcium carbonate as a friction modifier in a volume ratio. 1 to 10% is blended. This sintered friction material is a sintered friction material using copper or a copper alloy as a matrix. A solid lubricant, an abrasive, and calcium carbonate as a friction modifier are blended in the matrix. It is obtained by compression molding into a desired shape and sintering according to a conventional method. By blending calcium carbonate in this range, it is considered that calcium in calcium carbonate is decomposed during sintering to calcium oxide (CaO), and a gentle grinding action is generated in the friction material.

焼結摩擦材は、相手材攻撃性が高いことから、相手材を過度に研削してしまい、スコーリング現象を引き起こすので、軽金属との相性を良好にすることが焼結摩擦材についての最大の課題となっている。これは、軽金属を主成分とする金属は、通常に鉄系原材料と比較して低融点で軟質であることが多いことに起因する。諸現象としては、特に低温域(金属同士の結合、凝着領域外)で悪影響を及ぼす。低温域では、金属凝着が起こりにくく、研削材(摺動時に引っ掻くことで摩擦力を得る)に頼った摩擦形態が生じ、相手材を過度に攻撃し、相手材表面にスコーリングを発生させることに繋がる。
特開2001−294847号公報(段落[0007]〜[0011])
Sintered friction material is highly aggressive against the mating material, and excessively grinds the mating material, causing a scoring phenomenon. It has become a challenge. This is because a metal mainly composed of a light metal usually has a low melting point and is often softer than an iron-based raw material. As various phenomena, adverse effects are exerted particularly in a low temperature range (bonding between metals, outside the adhesion region). At low temperatures, metal adhesion is unlikely to occur, and a friction form that relies on abrasives (obtaining frictional force by scratching when sliding) occurs, excessively attacking the mating material and causing scoring on the mating material surface It leads to.
JP 2001-294847 A (paragraphs [0007] to [0011])

そこで、焼結摩擦材において、摩擦調整材を意図的に多量に添加することで、相手材への攻撃性を抑制する点で解決すべき課題がある。   Therefore, in the sintered friction material, there is a problem to be solved in that the aggressiveness to the counterpart material is suppressed by intentionally adding a large amount of the friction adjusting material.

この発明の目的は、相手材がアルミニウムやその合金またはアルミニウム複合材のような軽金属製ロータである場合でも、摩擦係数や耐摩耗性等の一定の摩擦性能を維持しながら相手材攻撃性を大幅に改善し、相手材と組み合わせて用いることができる焼結摩擦材を提供することである。   The object of the present invention is that even when the counterpart material is a light metal rotor such as aluminum, its alloys, or aluminum composites, it is possible to greatly increase the aggressiveness of the counterpart material while maintaining constant friction performance such as friction coefficient and wear resistance. And to provide a sintered friction material that can be used in combination with a counterpart material.

上記の課題を解決するため、この発明による焼結摩擦材は、金属材料をマトリックスとし、固体潤滑材と摩擦調整材とを含む焼結摩擦材において、前記摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムを1〜15vol%含むことから成っている。   In order to solve the above-described problems, a sintered friction material according to the present invention is a sintered friction material including a metal material as a matrix and a solid lubricant and a friction adjusting material, wherein 1-15 vol of calcium carbonate is used as the friction adjusting material. Consists of including%.

この焼結摩擦材によれば、その配合材料中に炭酸カルシウムを多量に添加することにより、炭酸カルシウムが焼結(熱処理)過程中において、微粒子のカルシウム酸化物に分解され、摩擦界面に極めて穏やかな研削効果を出して、特に低温域での相手材攻撃性が大幅に改善される。   According to this sintered friction material, by adding a large amount of calcium carbonate to the compounding material, calcium carbonate is decomposed into fine calcium oxide during the sintering (heat treatment) process, and is extremely gentle on the friction interface. As a result, the aggressiveness of the mating material is greatly improved especially in the low temperature range.

この焼結摩擦材において、前記摩擦調整材として更にフッ化カルシウムを含み、且つ前記炭酸カルシウムとの合計含有量が15vol%以下であるとすることができる。フッ化カルシウムは、炭酸カルシウムに近似した、過度に高くない硬度を有する研削材の一つであり、炭酸カルシウム添加量の中で部分置換され、低速域での摩擦性能を維持しながら、高温時(高速制動時)の摩擦性能が確保され、摩擦性能の温度依存性が是正される。これはセラミックスが持つところの、比較的高温時の耐熱性と適度な研削性が有効に作用したものと考えられる。   In this sintered friction material, the friction adjusting material may further contain calcium fluoride, and the total content with the calcium carbonate may be 15 vol% or less. Calcium fluoride is one of the abrasives with hardness that is not excessively high, similar to calcium carbonate, and is partially substituted in the amount of calcium carbonate added, maintaining friction performance in the low speed range, at high temperatures Friction performance (during high-speed braking) is ensured, and temperature dependence of friction performance is corrected. This is probably because the heat resistance at a relatively high temperature and moderate grindability, which ceramics have, acted effectively.

摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムとフッ化カルシウムとを含む上記焼結摩擦材において、炭酸カルシウムとフッ化カルシウムとを等量含むことが好ましい。炭酸カルシウムとフッ化カルシウムとを1対1の等量配合することにより、良好な摩擦性能を得ることができる。   In the sintered friction material containing calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride as the friction adjusting material, it is preferable to contain equal amounts of calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride. Good friction performance can be obtained by blending an equal amount of calcium carbonate and calcium fluoride in a 1: 1 ratio.

上記の焼結摩擦材は、アルミニウム又はその合金等の軽金属製ロータと組み合わせた制動装置の摩擦材として適用することができる。鋳鉄製のロータであると、通常、摩擦材には硬質の研削材が含まれる。ロータがアルミニウム又はその合金等の軽金属製であるときには、ロータは柔らかいので研削材を含む摩擦材では摩耗が進行してしまうが、本発明による本焼結摩擦材は、硬質の研削材を使用しておらず相手材の攻撃性が低いので、軽金属製のロータと組み合わせられる摩擦材であり、相手材を考慮した制動装置として成立し、使用することができる。   The sintered friction material can be applied as a friction material for a braking device combined with a light metal rotor such as aluminum or an alloy thereof. In the case of a cast iron rotor, the friction material usually includes a hard abrasive. When the rotor is made of light metal such as aluminum or an alloy thereof, since the rotor is soft, the friction material including the abrasive material causes wear, but the sintered friction material according to the present invention uses a hard abrasive material. In addition, since the aggressiveness of the mating material is low, it is a friction material combined with a light metal rotor, and can be established and used as a braking device in consideration of the mating material.

この発明による焼結摩擦材は、上記のように構成されているので、多量に添加されている炭酸カルシウムが焼結(熱処理)過程中において微粒子のカルシウム酸化物に分解され、特に低温域において、摩擦界面に極めて穏やかな研削効果を出し過度な研削を抑制してスコーリングを発生させない。攻撃性と研削とを両立させるという一次作用とともに、摩擦材が凝着領域(高温域)にシフトするときに、金属の凝着を阻害せず、金属の相手材キャッチングを適正に切る効果がある。また、摩擦調整材として更にフッ化カルシウムを含む場合には、低速域での摩擦性能を維持しながら、高温時(高速制動時)の摩擦性能確保を有することが確かめられており、摩擦性能の温度依存性が是正される。また成形性も、炭酸カルシウム単独使用時よりも向上している。   Since the sintered friction material according to the present invention is configured as described above, calcium carbonate added in a large amount is decomposed into fine calcium oxide during the sintering (heat treatment) process, particularly in a low temperature range. It produces an extremely gentle grinding effect on the friction interface and suppresses excessive grinding to prevent scoring. Along with the primary action of achieving both aggressiveness and grinding, when the friction material shifts to the adhesion region (high temperature region), it has the effect of properly cutting the metal counterpart catching without inhibiting metal adhesion. . In addition, when calcium fluoride is further included as a friction modifier, it has been confirmed that the friction performance at high temperature (high speed braking) is ensured while maintaining the friction performance in the low speed range. Temperature dependence is corrected. Moreover, the moldability is also improved compared to when calcium carbonate is used alone.

以下、添付した図面に基づいて、この発明による焼結摩擦材の実施例を説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the sintered friction material according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

表1には、本発明による焼結摩擦材の配合を示す実施例1及び実施例2が、比較例1〜3とともに示されている。実施例1及び2においては、配合は、金属マトリックス45vol%と、無鉛の固体潤滑材41vol%とを含み、摩擦調整材として、実施例1では炭酸カルシウム14vol%を、また実施例2では、酸カルシウム7vol%とフッ化カルシウム7vol%(モース硬度4)とを含んでいる。なお、比較例としては、比較例1が金属マトリックス55vol%と無鉛の固体潤滑材33vol%とを含み、摩擦調整材として酸化ジルコニウム8vol%と酸化マグネシウム4vol%とを含んでいる。更に、比較例2及び3においては、比較例1と成分が同じであるが配合量が表のとおり相違している。

Figure 2007162891
Table 1 shows Example 1 and Example 2 showing the blending of the sintered friction material according to the present invention, together with Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In Examples 1 and 2, the formulation included 45 vol% metal matrix and 41 vol% lead-free solid lubricant, and as a friction modifier, 14 vol% calcium carbonate in Example 1 and acid in Example 2. It contains 7 vol% calcium and 7 vol% calcium fluoride (Mohs' hardness 4). As a comparative example, Comparative Example 1 includes 55 vol% of a metal matrix and 33 vol% of a lead-free solid lubricant, and includes 8 vol% of zirconium oxide and 4 vol% of magnesium oxide as friction modifiers. Furthermore, in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, the components are the same as those in Comparative Example 1, but the blending amounts are different as shown in the table.
Figure 2007162891

表2は、表1に示した実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3についての、低速(50km/h)と高速(150km/h)とにおける、1制動当たりの相手材攻撃性(単位:μm)を示している。表2から、相手材(アルミニウム複合材製ロータ)の摩耗量については、比較例ではどのものも正の値であって摩耗が生じている(低速時の方が高速時よりも摩耗量が多い)が、実施例1及び2では、低速時及び高速時のどちらの場合も、マイナス値であって、却って凝着が生じていることが解る。また、凝着量は、低速時よりも高速時の方が多いことが解る。図1には、これら実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3の相手材攻撃性(相手材の摩耗量)が比較しやすいようにグラフ化して示されている。

Figure 2007162891
Table 2 shows the aggression of the opponent material per brake (units) at low speed (50 km / h) and high speed (150 km / h) for Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. : Μm). From Table 2, the wear amount of the counterpart material (aluminum composite rotor) is positive in all the comparative examples, and wear occurs (the wear amount is lower at low speed than at high speed). However, in Examples 1 and 2, it can be seen that in both cases of low speed and high speed, it is a negative value and adhesion occurs. It can also be seen that the amount of adhesion is greater at high speed than at low speed. In FIG. 1, the mating material aggression (abrasion amount of the mating material) of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 is shown in a graph so as to be easily compared.
Figure 2007162891

表3は、表1に示した実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3についての、低速(50km/h)と高速(150km/h)とにおける、1制動当たりのライニング摩耗量(単位:mm)を示している。表3から、実施例1では高速時では比較例1〜3よりも高い値が測定されるが、低速ではほぼ同等の摩耗量に抑えられていることが解る。また、実施例2では比較例1〜3と比べて、高速時では僅かに高い値が測定されるが、低速時では遜色のない値が得られている。図2には、これら実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3の摩擦材の摩耗量が比較しやすいようにグラフ化して示されている。

Figure 2007162891
Table 3 shows the amount of lining wear per brake at the low speed (50 km / h) and the high speed (150 km / h) for Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 shown in Table 1 (unit: mm). From Table 3, it can be seen that Example 1 measures a higher value than Comparative Examples 1 to 3 at high speeds, but is suppressed to a substantially equal amount of wear at low speeds. Further, in Example 2, a slightly higher value is measured at high speed than in Comparative Examples 1 to 3, but an inferior value is obtained at low speed. In FIG. 2, the wear amounts of the friction materials of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in a graph for easy comparison.
Figure 2007162891

表4は、表1に示した実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3についての、低速(50km/h)と高速(150km/h)とにおける、平均摩擦係数を示している。表4から、実施例1及び2は、比較例1〜3と比べて、遜色のない摩擦係数が得られていることが解る。図3には、これら実施例1及び2、並びに比較例1〜3の摩擦材の摩耗係数が比較しやすいようにグラフ化して示されている。

Figure 2007162891
Table 4 shows average friction coefficients at low speed (50 km / h) and high speed (150 km / h) for Examples 1 and 2 shown in Table 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3. From Table 4, it can be seen that Examples 1 and 2 have a friction coefficient comparable to that of Comparative Examples 1 to 3. In FIG. 3, the wear coefficients of the friction materials of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples 1 to 3 are shown in a graph for easy comparison.
Figure 2007162891

上記のように、炭酸カルシウム単独を添加した焼結摩擦材の場合、実験上、1vol%で最も効果が確認できた。15vol%を超えると、成形性が悪くなり、製造上歩留りが悪い。常用域での摩擦性能は(初速度170km/h)充分実用域として摩擦性能は確保されている。また、フッ化カルシウムをも添加する場合、炭酸カルシウム添加量:7vol%、フッ化カルシウム添加量:7vol%(等量添加が実験的には最も良い)のとき、低速〜高速(300km/h)まで、安定した摩擦性能が得られた。   As described above, in the case of the sintered friction material to which calcium carbonate alone was added, the effect was most confirmed at 1 vol% in the experiment. When it exceeds 15 vol%, the moldability is deteriorated and the production yield is poor. The friction performance in the normal use range (initial speed 170 km / h) is sufficiently secured as a practical use range. In addition, when calcium fluoride is also added, when calcium carbonate addition amount: 7 vol%, calcium fluoride addition amount: 7 vol% (equal addition is best experimentally), low speed to high speed (300 km / h) Until then, stable friction performance was obtained.

本発明による焼結摩擦材の実施例及び比較例1〜3の相手材攻撃性(相手材の摩耗量)を比較してグラフ化して示した図である。It is the figure which compared and graphed the counterpart material aggression (abrasion amount of the other material) of the Example of the sintered friction material by this invention, and Comparative Examples 1-3. 本発明による焼結摩擦材の実施例及び比較例1〜3の摩擦材の摩耗量を比較してグラフ化して示した図である。It is the figure which compared and graphed and showed the abrasion loss of the friction material of the Example of the sintered friction material by this invention, and Comparative Examples 1-3. 本発明による焼結摩擦材の実施例及び比較例1〜3の摩擦材の摩耗係数を比較してグラフ化して示した図である。It is the figure which compared and graphed the wear coefficient of the friction material of the Example of the sintered friction material by this invention, and Comparative Examples 1-3.

Claims (4)

金属材料をマトリックスとし、固体潤滑材と摩擦調整材とを含む焼結摩擦材において、前記摩擦調整材として炭酸カルシウムを1〜15vol%含むことから成る焼結摩擦材。   A sintered friction material comprising a metal material as a matrix and a solid friction material and a friction adjusting material, wherein the friction adjusting material contains 1 to 15 vol% of calcium carbonate. 前記摩擦調整材として更にフッ化カルシウムを含み、且つ前記炭酸カルシウムとの合計含有量が15vol%以下であることから成る請求項1に記載の焼結摩擦材。   The sintered friction material according to claim 1, further comprising calcium fluoride as the friction modifier and having a total content of 15 vol% or less with the calcium carbonate. 前記炭酸カルシウムと前記フッ化カルシウムとが等量含まれることから成る請求項2に記載の焼結摩擦材。   The sintered friction material according to claim 2, comprising equal amounts of the calcium carbonate and the calcium fluoride. アルミニウム又はその合金等の軽金属製ロータと組み合わせて制動装置として適用されることから成る請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載の焼結摩擦材。   The sintered friction material according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the sintered friction material is applied as a braking device in combination with a light metal rotor such as aluminum or an alloy thereof.
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JPH09286973A (en) * 1996-04-23 1997-11-04 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Non-asbestos-based abrasion material
JP2001294847A (en) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-23 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Sintered friction material
JP2002097452A (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-04-02 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Friction material

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JPH09286973A (en) * 1996-04-23 1997-11-04 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Non-asbestos-based abrasion material
JP2001294847A (en) * 2000-04-12 2001-10-23 Akebono Brake Ind Co Ltd Sintered friction material
JP2002097452A (en) * 2000-09-20 2002-04-02 Aisin Chem Co Ltd Friction material

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN109667865A (en) * 2019-01-22 2019-04-23 上海壬丰复合材料有限公司 A kind of 160km/h red ball brake lining and its manufacturing method for preventing brake disc from generating heat cracks
CN109667865B (en) * 2019-01-22 2021-02-23 上海壬丰复合材料有限公司 160km/h express freight car brake pad for preventing brake disc from generating heat crack and manufacturing method thereof

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