JP2007155679A - Electronic balance - Google Patents
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- JP2007155679A JP2007155679A JP2005355345A JP2005355345A JP2007155679A JP 2007155679 A JP2007155679 A JP 2007155679A JP 2005355345 A JP2005355345 A JP 2005355345A JP 2005355345 A JP2005355345 A JP 2005355345A JP 2007155679 A JP2007155679 A JP 2007155679A
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、電子天びんに関し、特に固体または液体試料の比重を測定する電子天びんに関する。 The present invention relates to an electronic balance, and more particularly to an electronic balance for measuring the specific gravity of a solid or liquid sample.
従来、試料の比重測定方法として一般に液浸法がよく用いられている。この液浸法は例えば固体試料の場合、液体中に存在する試料が試料と同じ体積の液体の重量に等しい浮力を受けることを利用したもので空気中で計量した試料を液体中に吊るして計量し、これらの計量結果と液体の比重から試料の比重を求めるもので、固体試料の比重ρは次式(1)から求められる。
ρ=ρwWa/(Wa−W1)・・・(1)
上式において、Waは空気中で計量した試料の重量、W1は液体中で計量した試料の重量、ρwは使用した液体の比重を表している。
また、液体試料の比重ρ1は次式(2)から求められる。
ρ1=(Ma−M1)/V・・・(2)
上式において、Maは空気中で測定した沈錘の重量、M1は液体中で測定した沈錘の重量、Vは使用した沈錘の体積を表している。
Conventionally, the immersion method is often used as a method for measuring the specific gravity of a sample. For example, in the case of a solid sample, this immersion method is based on the fact that a sample present in a liquid receives buoyancy equal to the weight of the liquid of the same volume as the sample. Then, the specific gravity of the sample is obtained from these measurement results and the specific gravity of the liquid, and the specific gravity ρ of the solid sample is obtained from the following equation (1).
ρ = ρ w W a / (W a −W 1 ) (1)
In the above equation, W a represents the weight of the sample weighed in air, W 1 represents the weight of the sample weighed in the liquid, and ρ w represents the specific gravity of the liquid used.
Further, the specific gravity ρ 1 of the liquid sample is obtained from the following equation (2).
ρ 1 = (M a −M 1 ) / V (2)
In the above equation, M a represents the weight of the weight measured in air, M 1 represents the weight of the weight measured in the liquid, and V represents the volume of the weight used.
図4は液浸法により試料Sの比重を測定する電子天びんの概略構成を示す正面図(A)と側面図(B)である。この電子天びんは、天びん本体1Aと、比重既知の液体を収容した水槽2と、この水槽2を上下方向に駆動する駆動部3と、水槽2を載せる受け台4と、前記天びん本体1Aと駆動部3を所定位置に固設する架台5から構成されている。また、液体試料の比重を測定する場合は、前記試料Sが沈錘となり、水槽2には被測定液体が収容される。前記天びん本体1Aは、前記駆動部3を制御し固体の試料Sの比重測定を行う機能を備えており、図4及び図5に示すフローチャート図を参照してその手順を以下に説明する。
FIG. 4 is a front view (A) and a side view (B) showing a schematic configuration of an electronic balance for measuring the specific gravity of the sample S by the immersion method. This electronic balance includes a balance main body 1A, a
先ず試料Sを天びん本体1Aから下ろしたリードに吊るした後(S1)、操作ボタン16を押して比重測定をスタートさせる(S2)。最初空気中の試料Sの重量を計量しこの計量値を記憶する(S3)。次に水槽2を駆動部3により上昇させて試料Sを液中に入れた後(S4)、液中の試料Sの重量を計量しこの計量値を記憶する(S5)。そして前記(1)式により比重計算を行い表示部17に試料Sの比重値を表示するとともに、プリンタ(図示省略)に出力信号を送出して試料Sの比重値ρを始め空気中の重量計量値Wa、液中の重量計量値W1および使用液体の比重値ρw等をプリントした後(S6)、水槽2を下降させ試料Sを液中から取り出す(S7)。
First, after suspending the sample S on the lead lowered from the balance body 1A (S1), the operation button 16 is pressed to start the specific gravity measurement (S2). First, the weight of the sample S in the air is weighed and the measured value is stored (S3). Next, after the
従来の電子天びんでは、試料の空気中および液中での重量の計量値に関係なく表示部17の桁数と同じ桁数で比重値を表示しており、温度誤差などの誤差要因は別として意味の無い桁数までが表示されており、どこまでが計算上有効なデータなのかわからないという問題があった。
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みてなされたものであって、比重値がその有効桁数の範囲内で表示される電子天びんを提供することを目的とする。
In conventional electronic balances, the specific gravity value is displayed with the same number of digits as the number of digits on the display unit 17 regardless of the weight value of the sample in the air and in the liquid, apart from error factors such as temperature error. There was a problem that the number of meaningless digits was displayed, and it was not known how much data was valid for calculation.
The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object thereof is to provide an electronic balance in which a specific gravity value is displayed within the range of the effective number of digits.
上記の目的を達成するため、本発明の電子天びんは、液浸法による比重測定を行う手段と、比重測定を行う固体試料の空気中及び液中の重量計量値およびその液体比重値から算出される固体試料の比重値あるいは、沈錘の空気中及び液中の重量計量値、及び沈錘体積から算出される液体試料の比重値の有効桁数を判定する有効桁数判定手段を備え、その有効桁数に対応した試料の比重値を表示するものである。
前記有効桁数判定手段は固体試料の場合、空気中の重量計量値の桁数もしくは空気中の重量計量値から液中の重量計量値を引き算した値の桁数のいずれか少ない方の桁数を比重値の有効桁数と判定し、液体試料の場合、沈錘の空気中の重量計量から液中の重量計量値を引き算した値の桁数を比重値の有効桁数と判定するものである。
In order to achieve the above object, the electronic balance of the present invention is calculated from means for measuring the specific gravity by the immersion method, weight measurement values in the air and liquid of the solid sample for which the specific gravity measurement is performed, and the liquid specific gravity value. Effective digit number determining means for determining the effective digit number of the specific gravity value of the liquid sample calculated from the specific gravity value of the solid sample or the weight measurement value of the sink weight in the air and in the liquid, and the weight volume of the sink weight, The specific gravity value of the sample corresponding to the effective number of digits is displayed.
In the case of a solid sample, the effective digit number determining means is the lesser of the number of digits of the weight value in air or the number of digits obtained by subtracting the weight value in liquid from the weight value in air. Is determined as the number of significant digits of the specific gravity value.In the case of a liquid sample, the number of digits obtained by subtracting the weight measurement value in the liquid from the weight measurement in the air of the weight is determined as the effective number of specific gravity values. is there.
本発明の電子天びんは、自動的に計算された有効桁数で比重値が表示またはプリントされるので、比重値を測定する場合に温度などの他の誤差要因は別にして、電子天びんの分解能と試料の質量・比重からどの桁までが計算上有効なデータなのか、すなわち、比重測定の計算上の精度がどこまであるのかを明確に知ることができる。 Since the electronic balance of the present invention displays or prints the specific gravity value with the automatically calculated effective number of digits, when measuring the specific gravity value, apart from other error factors such as temperature, the resolution of the electronic balance It is possible to clearly know up to what digit from the mass / specific gravity of the sample is the data effective in calculation, that is, to what extent the calculation accuracy of the specific gravity measurement is.
本発明が提供する最良の形態の電子天びんは、液浸法による比重測定を行うものであって、固体試料の空気中の重量計量値の桁数もしくは空気中の重量計量値から液中の重量計量値を引き算した値の桁数のいずれか少ない方の桁数を有効桁数と判定し、その有効桁数に対応した比重を表示するもので、固体試料の場合、空気中の重量計量値の桁数もしくは空気中の重量計量値から液中の重量計量値を引き算した値の桁数のいずれか少ない方の桁数を比重値の有効桁数と判定し、液体試料の場合、沈錘の空気中の重量計量から液中の重量計量値を引き算した値の桁数を比重値の有効桁数と判定するものである。 The electronic balance of the best mode provided by the present invention measures the specific gravity by the liquid immersion method, and the weight of the solid sample is determined from the number of digits of the weight measurement value in the air or the weight measurement value in the air. The number of digits less than the value obtained by subtracting the measured value is determined as the effective number of digits, and the specific gravity corresponding to the effective number of digits is displayed. For solid samples, the weight measurement value in air The number of digits or the value obtained by subtracting the weight measurement value in liquid from the weight measurement value in air, whichever is smaller, is determined as the effective number of specific gravity values. The number of digits of the value obtained by subtracting the weight measurement value in the liquid from the weight measurement in the air is determined as the effective number of specific gravity values.
以下、本発明の実施例による電子天びんを図面を参照しながら説明する。図1は本電子天びんの機構構成を示す正面図(A)とその上面図(B)である。本電子天びんは図4に示した電子天びんと同様に架台5の上部に天びん本体1、下部に水槽2を載置した受け台4を上下方向に移動させる駆動部3を固設し、前記天びん本体1の上面部には、比重測定をスタートさせる操作ボタン16、空気中および液中の試料の重量計量値(以後、計量値と称す)Wa、W1および試料Sの比重ρを表示する表示器17a、17b、17cからなる表示部17、測定結果をプリントするプリンタ18などが配設されている。
Hereinafter, an electronic balance according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is a front view (A) and a top view (B) showing a mechanism configuration of the electronic balance. As in the electronic balance shown in FIG. 4, this electronic balance is provided with a driving unit 3 for moving a
図2に前記天びん本体1の比重測定制御システムの構成をブロック図で示す。本天びん本体1は、試料Sの重量を検出する荷重センサ11からの検出信号を増幅器12で増幅した後、A/D変換器13でディジタル信号に変換する。このディジタル信号は入出力インターフェース14を介して操作ボタン16から入力された入力信号とともにCPU15a、記憶装置ROM15bおよびRAM15cからなる演算処理装置15で演算処理され、その演算処理結果は前記入出力インターフェース14を介して表示部17および駆動部3に出力される。
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the specific gravity measurement control system of the balance body 1. The main balance 1 amplifies a detection signal from a load sensor 11 that detects the weight of the sample S by an amplifier 12 and then converts the detection signal to a digital signal by an A /
前記ROM15bには、前記(1)式により演算された比重値ρの有効桁数を判定する有効桁数判定手段がプログラムとして書き込まれている。この有効桁数判定手段は、(1)式の分子の空気中の計量値Waおよび分母の空気中の計量値と液中の計量値との差(Wa−W1)の有効数字の桁数を求め、その桁数が異なる場合はその小さい方の桁数、また桁数が同じ場合はその桁数を比重値ρの有効桁数と判定するものである。この場合、液体比重よりも試料Sの比重が大きいときは計量値の差(Wa−W1)の有効桁数は計量値Waの有効桁数以下となり、液体比重よりも試料Sの比重が小さいときは計量値Waの有効桁数は計量値の差(Wa−W1)の有効桁数以下となる。 In the ROM 15b, effective digit number determining means for determining the effective number of specific gravity values ρ calculated by the equation (1) is written as a program. This effective digit number determination means is a function for determining the effective value of the measured value W a of the numerator in equation (1) and the difference between the measured value of the denominator in air and the measured value in liquid (W a −W 1 ). The number of digits is obtained, and when the number of digits is different, the smaller number of digits is determined, and when the number of digits is the same, the number of digits is determined as the number of effective digits of the specific gravity value ρ. In this case, when the specific gravity of the sample S is larger than the liquid specific gravity, the effective digit number of the measurement value difference (W a −W 1 ) is less than the effective digit number of the measurement value W a , and the specific gravity of the sample S is higher than the liquid specific gravity. When is small, the number of significant digits of the measured value W a is less than the number of significant digits of the difference of the measured values (W a −W 1 ).
例えば、計量値Waが106.23g、計量値W1が87.66gの場合には、計量値差(Wa−W1)は18.57g、その有効桁数は4桁となり、試料Sの比重値ρは有効桁数4桁で5.720として表示される。 For example, when the measured value W a is 106.23 g and the measured value W 1 is 87.66 g, the measured value difference (W a −W 1 ) is 18.57 g, the number of significant digits is 4, and the sample S The specific gravity value ρ is displayed as 5.720 with 4 significant digits.
上記有効桁数判定手段を用いて試料Sの比重値ρを測定する手順を図1、図2及び図3のフローチャート図を参照しながら説明する。先ず試料Sを天びん本体1に吊るした後(S1)、操作ボタン16を押して比重測定をスタートさせると(S2)、先ず空気中での試料Sの重量を計量し、その計量値Waとその桁数、すなわち有効桁数がRAM15cに記憶されるとともに計量値Waが表示器17aに表示される(S3)。次に水槽2を駆動部3により上昇させ(S4)、液中での試料Sの重量を計量し、その計量値W1とその有効桁数がRAM15cに記憶されるとともに計量値W1が表示器17bに表示される(S5)。そして前記(1)式により比重ρの計算を行い、この値がRAM15cに記憶される(S6)。次に計量値差(Wa−W1)を算出し、その桁数と計量値Waとの桁数を比較し、異なる場合は小さい方の桁数、等しい場合はその桁数を比重値ρの有効桁数と判定する(S7)。そして、有効桁数での比重値ρを表示器17cに表示するとともに、プリンタ18に重量Wa、W1、有効桁数での比重値ρをプリントし(S8)、水槽2を下降させて試料Sを液中から取り出す(S9)。
A procedure for measuring the specific gravity value ρ of the sample S using the effective digit number determining means will be described with reference to the flowcharts of FIGS. First, after the sample S is suspended from the balance body 1 (S1), the specific gravity measurement is started by pressing the operation button 16 (S2). First, the weight of the sample S in the air is measured, and its measured value W a and digits, i.e. number of significant digits weighing W a is displayed on the display unit 17a while being stored in RAM15c (S3). Then raising the
また、液体試料の比重を求める場合には、沈錘の空気中で測定した重量Maと液体試料中での測定した重量M1との差の桁数を液体比重ρ1の有効桁数と判定し表示するものである。 When calculating the specific gravity of the liquid sample, the number of digits of the difference between the weight M a measured in the air of the sink and the weight M 1 measured in the liquid sample is calculated as the effective number of the liquid specific gravity ρ 1. It is determined and displayed.
以上、本発明の実施例を説明したが、本発明は上記実施例に限定されるものではなく、種々の変形が可能である。例えば、天びん本体1の表示部17の表示器として表示器17cだけにして、自動または操作ボタンによる手動操作により計量値Wa、W1、比重値ρを順次切り替えて表示させるようにしてもよい。 As mentioned above, although the Example of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to the said Example, A various deformation | transformation is possible. For example, only the display unit 17c may be used as the display unit 17 of the balance body 1, and the weighing values W a and W 1 and the specific gravity value ρ may be sequentially switched and displayed automatically or manually by an operation button. .
本発明は固体試料の比重を測定する電子天びんに用いられる。 The present invention is used for an electronic balance for measuring the specific gravity of a solid sample.
1 天びん本体
1A 天びん本体
2 水槽
3 駆動部
4 受け台
5 架台
11 荷重センサ
12 増幅器
13 A/D変換器
14 入出力インターフェース
15 演算処理装置
15a CPU
15b ROM
15c RAM
16 操作ボタン
17 表示部
17a 表示器
17b 表示器
17c 表示器
18 プリンタ
S 試料
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Balance main body 1A Balance
15b ROM
15c RAM
16 Operation buttons 17 Display unit 17a Display unit 17b Display unit 17c Display unit 18 Printer S Sample
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CN105181065A (en) * | 2015-10-11 | 2015-12-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Volume weighing machine |
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CN102854089B (en) * | 2012-09-12 | 2016-05-25 | 广州市华南橡胶轮胎有限公司 | A kind of detection method of shaped air holes rate |
Citations (6)
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JPH05302881A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-16 | Shimadzu Corp | Measuring apparatus of specific gravity |
JPH1038786A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-13 | U Mold:Kk | Non-destructive inspecting method for light alloy casting |
JPH1073525A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Shimadzu Corp | Measuring apparatus for specific gravity |
JPH1183711A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-26 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Material tester |
JP2004198314A (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Shimadzu Corp | Specific gravity measuring apparatus |
JP2005062095A (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-10 | Minolta Co Ltd | Reflected light measuring device and reflected light measuring method |
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2005
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Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH05302881A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-11-16 | Shimadzu Corp | Measuring apparatus of specific gravity |
JPH1038786A (en) * | 1996-07-25 | 1998-02-13 | U Mold:Kk | Non-destructive inspecting method for light alloy casting |
JPH1073525A (en) * | 1996-08-30 | 1998-03-17 | Shimadzu Corp | Measuring apparatus for specific gravity |
JPH1183711A (en) * | 1997-09-03 | 1999-03-26 | Japan Tobacco Inc | Material tester |
JP2004198314A (en) * | 2002-12-19 | 2004-07-15 | Shimadzu Corp | Specific gravity measuring apparatus |
JP2005062095A (en) * | 2003-08-19 | 2005-03-10 | Minolta Co Ltd | Reflected light measuring device and reflected light measuring method |
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CN105181065A (en) * | 2015-10-11 | 2015-12-23 | 西北农林科技大学 | Volume weighing machine |
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