JP2007121228A - Cell short detection method and device of battery - Google Patents

Cell short detection method and device of battery Download PDF

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JP2007121228A
JP2007121228A JP2005317192A JP2005317192A JP2007121228A JP 2007121228 A JP2007121228 A JP 2007121228A JP 2005317192 A JP2005317192 A JP 2005317192A JP 2005317192 A JP2005317192 A JP 2005317192A JP 2007121228 A JP2007121228 A JP 2007121228A
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circuit voltage
open
cell short
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voltage
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JP4588614B2 (en
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Michihito Enomoto
倫人 榎本
Yasuyuki Komatsu
康幸 小松
Tadashi Fujiwara
藤原　　正
Shigeru Aoki
滋 青木
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Yazaki Corp
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Yazaki Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a cell short detection method and a device of a battery capable of detecting a cell short of the battery in a comparatively short time. <P>SOLUTION: The cell short detection device includes: an open voltage measuring means 23a-1 for measuring an open voltage of the battery at a prescribed sampling cycle during a prescribed period after finish of charge; an open voltage collection means 23b for collecting each measured open voltage; an assumed open circuit voltage calculation means 23a-2 for determining as an assumed open circuit voltage in each period, a voltage value approached asymptotically by a power approximate expression having a power exponent of -0.5 or about -0.5 approximated based on the open voltage in each period in a plurality of periods determined beforehand in the order of lapse of time relative to the collected open voltages; and a determination means 23a-3 for determining that a cell short is generated, when the assumed open circuit voltage in each period calculated by the assumed open circuit voltage calculation means 23a-2 is lowered with lapse of time and the lowering degree exceeds a reference level determined beforehand. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、バッテリのセルショートを検出するバッテリのセルショート検出方法および装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a battery cell short detection method and apparatus for detecting a battery cell short.

バッテリを使用している間にバッテリ内部のセル間でショートが発生した場合では、外観上では判断することは不可能であり、一般的には、開回路電圧を経過時間毎に測定し、その変化量から判断する必要がある。   When a short circuit occurs between cells inside the battery while using the battery, it is impossible to judge from the appearance, and in general, the open circuit voltage is measured every elapsed time, It is necessary to judge from the amount of change.

図９に示すように、通常のバッテリの開回路電圧変化は、自己放電により徐々に低下していく。セルショートによる内部リークがある場合は、リーク発生分以上（Ｖ２−Ｖ１）の電力を消費し、端子電圧低下が大きくなるが、内部リーク発生の判断を行うためには、長時間の開回路電圧測定を行う必要がある。   As shown in FIG. 9, the change in the open circuit voltage of a normal battery gradually decreases due to self-discharge. If there is an internal leak due to a cell short, more power than the amount of leakage (V2-V1) is consumed and the terminal voltage decreases, but a long open circuit voltage is needed to determine the occurrence of internal leak. It is necessary to make a measurement.

しかしながら、上述の方法の場合、内部リーク発生の判断には時間を要することになり、事前通知が困難となる。その結果として、エンドユーザーは、バッテリ機能不全となった時点（トラブル発生後）でバッテリ交換を余儀なくされてしまう。   However, in the case of the above-described method, it takes time to determine the occurrence of an internal leak, and it is difficult to make prior notification. As a result, the end user is forced to replace the battery when the battery malfunctions (after the trouble occurs).

そこで、本発明は、上述の従来の課題に鑑み、比較的短時間でバッテリのセルショートを検出することができるバッテリのセルショート検出方法および装置を提供することを課題としている。   Therefore, in view of the above-described conventional problems, an object of the present invention is to provide a battery cell short detection method and apparatus capable of detecting a battery cell short in a relatively short time.

請求項１記載の発明は、バッテリのセルショートを検出するバッテリのセルショート検出方法であって、充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧に対して時間の経過順に予め定めた複数の期間の各期間内の前記開放電圧に基づいて近似された、べき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となる累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を各期間の想定開回路電圧として求める想定開回路電圧算出ステップと、想定開回路電圧算出ステップで算出した各期間の想定開回路電圧が、時間の経過と共に減少しかつその減少割合が予め決められた基準レベルを超えていた場合、セルショートが発生していると判定する判定ステップとを含むことを特徴とする。   The invention according to claim 1 is a battery cell short-circuit detection method for detecting a battery cell short-circuit, in which an open-circuit voltage measurement is performed for measuring a battery open-circuit voltage for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging is completed. An open-circuit voltage collecting step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measuring step, and the open-circuit within each of a plurality of predetermined periods in order of time with respect to the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collecting step Estimated open circuit voltage calculation step for obtaining a voltage value approximated based on the voltage, which is an exponential approximation formula whose power is −0.5 or approximately −0.5, as an assumed open circuit voltage for each period The assumed open circuit voltage for each period calculated in the assumed open circuit voltage calculation step decreases with time and the rate of decrease exceeds a predetermined reference level. If not, characterized in that it comprises a a determination step of determining cell short circuit occurs.

請求項２記載の発明は、図１の基本構成図に示すように、バッテリのセルショートを検出するバッテリのセルショート検出装置であって、充電が終了した後、バッテリ１３の開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１と、開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段２３ｂと、開放電圧収集手段２３ｂで収集した開放電圧に対して時間の経過順に予め定めた複数の期間の各期間内の前記開放電圧に基づいて近似された、べき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となる累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を各期間の想定開回路電圧として求める想定開回路電圧算出手段２３ａ−２と、想定開回路電圧算出手段２３ａ−２で算出した各期間の想定開回路電圧が、時間の経過と共に減少しかつその減少度合いが予め決められた基準レベルを超えていた場合、セルショートが発生していると判定する判定手段２３ａ−３とを備えていることを特徴とする。   As shown in the basic configuration diagram of FIG. 1, the invention of claim 2 is a battery cell short-circuit detecting device for detecting a battery cell short-circuit. Open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 for measuring for a predetermined period in a sampling cycle, open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b for collecting open-circuit voltage measured by open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1, and open-circuit voltage collected by open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b A power approximation formula that is approximated based on the open-circuit voltage in each of a plurality of periods that are predetermined in the order of passage of time and that has a power number of −0.5 or approximately −0.5. Assumed open circuit voltage calculation means 23a-2 that obtains an asymptotic voltage value as an assumed open circuit voltage of each period, and the assumed open circuit voltage of each period calculated by the assumed open circuit voltage calculation means 23a-2 If reduced and decreases the degree thereof with excessive exceeds the predetermined reference level, characterized in that the cell short circuit and a has a determination unit 23a-3 is generated.

請求項３記載の発明は、請求項２記載のバッテリのセルショート検出装置において、前記想定開回路電圧算出手段２３ａ−２は、前記各期間の開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行することによって、前記累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を求めることを特徴とする。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the battery cell short-circuit detection device according to the second aspect, the assumed open circuit voltage calculation means 23a-2 is configured to provide a difference between the open circuit voltage of each period and the assumed open circuit voltage. A predetermined power approximation formula in which the power number is negative is determined by the value, and the power approximation formula is used until the power number of the determined power approximation formula is −0.5 or approximately −0.5. Is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, thereby obtaining a voltage value asymptotic to the power approximation.

請求項４記載の発明は、請求項２または３記載のバッテリのセルショート検出装置において、時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとしたとき、前記累乗近似式がα・ｔD で表されることを特徴とする。 According to a fourth aspect of the present invention, in the battery cell short detection device according to the second or third aspect, when the time is t, the unknown coefficient is α, and the unknown negative power is D, the power approximation formula is It is represented by α · t D.

請求項１および２記載の発明によれば、バッテリのセルショート発生を比較的短時間で検出することが可能となり、バッテリの劣化に起因するトラブルを未然に防止することができる。   According to the first and second aspects of the present invention, it is possible to detect the occurrence of a cell short circuit in a battery in a relatively short time, and it is possible to prevent troubles caused by deterioration of the battery.

請求項３記載の発明によれば、バッテリの充電が終了した後、比較的短い時間内に、各期間の累乗近似式の漸近線を各期間の想定開回路電圧として求めることができる。   According to the third aspect of the present invention, the asymptotic line of the power approximation formula of each period can be obtained as the assumed open circuit voltage of each period within a relatively short time after the charging of the battery is completed.

請求項４記載の発明によれば、累乗近似式α・ｔD のべき数Ｄが−０．５になるかまたは略−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧をその期間の想定開回路電圧とすることができる。 According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, the assumed open circuit voltage when the power number D of the power approximation expression α · t D becomes −0.5 or substantially −0.5 is assumed to be the expected open circuit voltage during that period. It can be a circuit voltage.

図２は、本発明のバッテリのセルショート検出方法を適用した本発明の一実施形態に係るバッテリのセルショート検出装置の概略構成を一部ブロックにて示す説明図であり、本実施形態のバッテリのセルショート検出装置は、エンジン３に加えてモータジェネレータ５を有するハイブリッド車両に搭載されている。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram partially showing a schematic configuration of a battery cell short detection device according to an embodiment of the present invention to which the battery cell short detection method of the present invention is applied. This cell short detection device is mounted on a hybrid vehicle having a motor generator 5 in addition to the engine 3.

そして、このハイブリッド車両は、通常時はエンジン３の出力のみをドライブシャフト７からディファレンシャルケース９を介して車輪１１に伝達して走行させ、高負荷時には、バッテリ１３からの電力によりモータジェネレータ５をモータとして機能させて、エンジン３の出力に加えてモータジェネレータ５の出力をドライブシャフト７から車輪１１に伝達し、アシスト走行を行わせるように構成されている。   In this hybrid vehicle, normally, only the output of the engine 3 is transmitted from the drive shaft 7 to the wheels 11 through the differential case 9 and travels. When the load is high, the motor generator 5 is driven by the electric power from the battery 13. In addition to the output of the engine 3, the output of the motor generator 5 is transmitted from the drive shaft 7 to the wheels 11 to perform assist traveling.

また、このハイブリッド車両は、減速時や制動時にモータジェネレータ５をジェネレータ（発電機）として機能させ、運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換してバッテリ１３を充電させるように構成されている。   In addition, this hybrid vehicle is configured to cause the motor generator 5 to function as a generator (generator) during deceleration or braking and to convert the kinetic energy into electric energy to charge the battery 13.

なお、モータジェネレータ５はさらに、図示しないスタータスイッチのオンに伴うエンジン３の始動時に、エンジン３のフライホイールを強制的に回転させるセルモータとして用いられるが、その場合にモータジェネレータ５には、短時間に大きな電流が流される。スタータスイッチのオンによりモータジェネレータ５によってエンジン３が始動されると、イグニッションキー（図示しない）の操作解除に伴って、スタータスイッチがオフになってイグニッションスイッチやアクセサリスイッチのオン状態に移行し、これに伴ってバッテリ１３から流れる放電電流は、定常電流に移行する。   The motor generator 5 is further used as a cell motor that forcibly rotates the flywheel of the engine 3 when the engine 3 is started when a starter switch (not shown) is turned on. A large current is passed through. When the engine 3 is started by the motor generator 5 by turning on the starter switch, the starter switch is turned off and the ignition switch and the accessory switch are turned on with the release of the operation of an ignition key (not shown). Accordingly, the discharge current flowing from the battery 13 shifts to a steady current.

本実施形態のバッテリのセルショート検出装置は、アシスト走行用のモータやセルモータとして機能するモータジェネレータ５等、電装品に対するバッテリ１３の放電電流Ｉや、ジェネレータとして機能するモータジェネレータ５からのバッテリ１３に対する充放電電流を検出する電流センサ１５と、バッテリ１３に並列接続した１Ｍオーム程度の抵抗を有し、バッテリ１３の端子電圧Ｖを検出する電圧センサ１７とを備えている。   The battery cell short detection device of the present embodiment is for the discharge current I of the battery 13 with respect to electrical components such as the motor for assist driving and the motor generator 5 that functions as a cell motor, and the battery 13 from the motor generator 5 that functions as a generator. A current sensor 15 for detecting the charge / discharge current and a voltage sensor 17 having a resistance of about 1 M ohm connected in parallel to the battery 13 and detecting the terminal voltage V of the battery 13 are provided.

また、本実施形態のバッテリのセルショート検出装置は、上述した電流センサ１５および電圧センサ１７の出力がインタフェース回路（以下、「Ｉ／Ｆ」と略記）２１におけるＡ／Ｄ変換後に取り込まれるマイクロコンピュータ（以下、「マイコン」と略記）２３をさらに備えている。   In addition, the battery cell short detection device of the present embodiment is a microcomputer in which the outputs of the current sensor 15 and the voltage sensor 17 are taken in after the A / D conversion in the interface circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as “I / F”) 21. (Hereinafter abbreviated as “microcomputer”) 23 is further provided.

そして、マイコン２３は、ＣＰＵ２３ａ、ＲＡＭ２３ｂおよびＲＯＭ２３ｃを有しており、このうち、ＣＰＵ２３ａには、ＲＡＭ２３ｂおよびＲＯＭ２３ｃの他、Ｉ／Ｆ２１が接続されており、また、上述した図示しないスタータスイッチ、イグニッションスイッチやアクセサリスイッチ、モータジェネレータ５以外の電装品（負荷）のスイッチ等が、さらに接続されている。ＣＰＵ２３ａは、特許請求の範囲における開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１、想定開回路電圧算出手段２３ａ−２および判定手段２３ａ−３として働く。   The microcomputer 23 includes a CPU 23a, a RAM 23b, and a ROM 23c. Of these, the CPU 23a is connected to the I / F 21 in addition to the RAM 23b and the ROM 23c, and the above-described starter switch and ignition switch (not shown). In addition, an electrical switch (load) other than the accessory switch and the motor generator 5 is connected. The CPU 23a functions as the open circuit voltage measuring unit 23a-1, the assumed open circuit voltage calculating unit 23a-2, and the determining unit 23a-3 in the claims.

ＲＡＭ２３ｂは、各種データ記憶用のデータエリアおよび各種処理作業に用いるワークエリアを有しており、ＲＯＭ２３ｃには、ＣＰＵ２３ａに各種処理動作を行わせるための制御プログラムが格納されている。ＲＡＭ２３ｂは、特許請求の範囲における開放電圧収集手段として働く。   The RAM 23b has a data area for storing various data and a work area used for various processing operations. The ROM 23c stores a control program for causing the CPU 23a to perform various processing operations. The RAM 23b functions as an open-circuit voltage collecting unit in the claims.

なお、上述した電流センサ１５および電圧センサ１７の出力である電流値および電圧値は、Ｉ／Ｆ２１を介してマイコン２３のＣＰＵ２３ａに取り込まれる。   Note that the current value and voltage value that are the outputs of the current sensor 15 and the voltage sensor 17 described above are taken into the CPU 23 a of the microcomputer 23 via the I / F 21.

上述の構成において、本発明は、充電後の開回路電圧を平衡状態になる前に複数の時点で推定し、推定した開回路電圧の変化の度合いによってバッテリ１３におけるセルショートの発生の有無を検出する。   In the above-described configuration, the present invention estimates the open circuit voltage after charging at a plurality of times before reaching the equilibrium state, and detects whether or not a cell short circuit has occurred in the battery 13 based on the degree of change in the estimated open circuit voltage. To do.

そこで、まず充電後の開回路電圧を平衡状態になる前に推定する方法について説明する。この推定方法は、たとえば、特開２００２−２３４４０８号公報や特開２００３−３０７５５６号公報で提案されている方法を用いる。   Therefore, a method for estimating the open circuit voltage after charging before reaching the equilibrium state will be described first. As this estimation method, for example, a method proposed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2002-234408 and 2003-307556 is used.

一般に、車両に搭載したバッテリ（鉛酸バッテリ）の充電が終了した場合、バッテリの開放状態での端子電圧（開放電圧）は、濃度分極によって上昇していた分が時間とともに解消するため、図３に示すように、徐々に減少し、たとえば充電終了から２４時間経過後のバッテリの平衡状態における端子電圧である開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）に漸近するように変化する漸近曲線の特性を表す。このような漸近曲線は、一般に累乗式で表される。 In general, when charging of a battery (lead-acid battery) mounted on a vehicle is terminated, the terminal voltage (open voltage) in the open state of the battery is eliminated over time due to concentration polarization. As shown in FIG. 2, the characteristics of an asymptotic curve that gradually decreases and changes so as to approach the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ), which is the terminal voltage in the equilibrium state of the battery after elapse of 24 hours from the end of charging, for example . Such an asymptotic curve is generally expressed by a power formula.

よって、今、開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）が未知であるとき、図４に示すように、想定した開回路電圧ＯＣＶ′（＝Ｅ）を定め、この想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを端子電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から減算すると、図５に示すように、横軸に漸近する累乗近似式α・ｔD で表されるようになる。また、拡散現象を累乗近似式α・ｔD で近似すると、べき数Ｄが−０．５付近になるとされている。 Therefore, now, when the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ) is unknown, the assumed open circuit voltage OCV ′ (= E) is determined as shown in FIG. When subtracted from the voltage V (t), as shown in FIG. 5, it is expressed by a power approximate expression α · t D asymptotic to the horizontal axis. Further, when the diffusion phenomenon is approximated by a power approximate expression α · t D , the power number D is supposed to be around −0.5.

そこで、バッテリの充電が終了後、図５に示すように、例えば５分の予め定めた時間Ｔａを経過してから、例えば１５分の予め定めた時間Ｔｂまでの間のバッテリの開放電圧を測定し、この測定した開放電圧より、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算し累乗近似式α・ｔD を算出する。 Therefore, after the charging of the battery is completed, as shown in FIG. 5, the open-circuit voltage of the battery is measured after a predetermined time Ta for 5 minutes, for example, until a predetermined time Tb for 15 minutes, for example. Then, the assumed open circuit voltage E is subtracted from the measured open circuit voltage to calculate a power approximate expression α · t D.

一般的に、拡散現象を累乗近似式α・ｔD で近似すると、べき数Ｄが−０．５付近になるとされている。充電終了後の開回路電圧の変化は、電解液の拡散によって生じる電圧変化によるものであるとすることができるので、べき数Ｄが−０．５になるような累乗近似式α・ｔD が得られたときの想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 とみなすことができる。 Generally, when the diffusion phenomenon is approximated by a power approximation expression α · t D , the power number D is assumed to be around −0.5. Since the change in the open circuit voltage after the end of charging can be attributed to the voltage change caused by the diffusion of the electrolyte, the power approximation expression α · t D such that the power D becomes −0.5 is obtained. The assumed open circuit voltage E when obtained can be regarded as the open circuit voltage E 0 .

一般的に、充電が終了した後、予め定めた時間を経過してから一定の時間の間にバッテリの開放電圧を複数回測定し、この測定した開放電圧から、想定した想定開回路電圧を減算した値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、この決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるまで、累乗近似式の決定を想定開回路電圧を更新して繰り返し実行し、べき数が−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定すればよい。   Generally, after charging is completed, the battery open-circuit voltage is measured several times during a fixed time after a predetermined time has elapsed, and the assumed open-circuit voltage is subtracted from the measured open-circuit voltage. Based on the obtained value, a predetermined power approximation formula having a negative power number is determined, and the open circuit voltage is assumed to be determined until the power number of the determined power approximation formula is −0.5. Then, it may be repeatedly executed, and the assumed open circuit voltage when the power number becomes −0.5 may be estimated as the open circuit voltage.

なお、想定開回路電圧を予め定めた回数更新して繰り返し実行しても、べき数が−０．５とならないことがあるときには、予め定めた回数が実行されたことによってべき数が略−０．５になったと判断し、このときの想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定し、必要以上に累乗近似式を決定する処理を繰り返すことをなくすことができる。   Even if the assumed open circuit voltage is updated a predetermined number of times and repeatedly executed, if the power number may not be −0.5, the power number is approximately −0 due to the execution of the predetermined number of times. .5, and the estimated open circuit voltage at this time is estimated as the open circuit voltage, and the process of determining the power approximation equation more than necessary can be eliminated.

以上のようにして、充電後の開回路電圧を平衡状態になる前に比較的短時間で推定することができる。   As described above, the open circuit voltage after charging can be estimated in a relatively short time before reaching an equilibrium state.

そこで、図６に示すように、車両停止（イグニッション オフ）による充電終了後、徐々に減少するバッテリの開放状態の端子電圧（開放電圧）を測定して、収集し、上述した平衡状態の開回路電圧推定時使用範囲内の開放電圧に対して、時間の経過順に複数の期間（内部リーク（セルショート）検出用想定開回路電圧推定区間）、たとえば、Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３を予め定め、各期間Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３内でサンプリングされた開放電圧データをそれぞれ用いて、各期間Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３における想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３を、それぞれ上述の方法を用いて算出する。   Therefore, as shown in FIG. 6, after the end of charging due to vehicle stop (ignition off), the terminal voltage (open voltage) of the battery gradually decreasing is measured and collected, and the above-described balanced open circuit described above is collected. A plurality of periods (assumed open circuit voltage estimation section for detecting internal leak (cell short)), for example, T1, T2, and T3 are determined in advance in order of time with respect to the open-circuit voltage within the voltage estimation use range, and each period Using the open circuit voltage data sampled in T1, T2, and T3, the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 in the periods T1, T2, and T3 are calculated using the above-described methods.

そして、算出された想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３の変化の度合いによりバッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）の有無を検出する。すなわち、バッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）が発生していない場合は、各期間Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３で算出された想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３はほぼ同じ値になり、その変化の度合いはほぼ無いに等しくなる（Ｖ１≒Ｖ２≒Ｖ３）。なぜなら、正常時のバッテリの開回路電圧は、平衡状態の開回路電圧推定時使用範囲内において細分化された区間のどこで算出しても、ほぼ同じになるからである。   Then, the presence or absence of a battery cell short circuit (internal leak) is detected based on the degree of change in the calculated assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3. That is, when the battery cell short circuit (internal leak) does not occur, the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 calculated in the periods T1, T2, and T3 are substantially the same value, and the degree of change is It becomes almost equal (V1≈V2≈V3). This is because the open circuit voltage of the battery in the normal state is almost the same regardless of where it is calculated in the subdivided section within the use range when the open circuit voltage is estimated in the equilibrium state.

一方、バッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）が発生している場合は、各期間Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３で算出された想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３は、時間の経過と共に減少し、その変化の度合いは大きくなる（Ｖ１＞Ｖ２＞Ｖ３）。この変化の度合いが予め決められた基準レベルを超えた場合、バッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）が発生していると判断することができる。なぜなら、図９で説明したように、バッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）が発生している場合の開回路電圧の変化の度合いは、正常時の変化の度合いより大きくなっているからである。   On the other hand, when a battery cell short circuit (internal leakage) occurs, the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 calculated in the periods T1, T2, and T3 decrease with the passage of time, and the change The degree increases (V1> V2> V3). When the degree of change exceeds a predetermined reference level, it can be determined that a battery cell short circuit (internal leak) has occurred. This is because, as described with reference to FIG. 9, the degree of change in the open circuit voltage when a battery cell short circuit (internal leakage) occurs is greater than the degree of change during normal operation.

たとえば、基準レベルを１００ミリボルト（ｍＶ）と設定し、各期間Ｔ１，Ｔ２，Ｔ３で算出された想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３が時間の経過と共に減少し、その変化の度合い、（Ｖ２−Ｖ１）、（Ｖ３−Ｖ２）がいずれも１００ｍＶを超えたならば、バッテリのセルショート（内部リーク）が発生していると判断することができる。   For example, when the reference level is set to 100 millivolts (mV), the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 calculated in the periods T1, T2, and T3 decrease with time, and the degree of change (V2− If both V1) and (V3-V2) exceed 100 mV, it can be determined that a battery cell short circuit (internal leakage) has occurred.

次に、ＲＯＭ２３ｃに格納された制御プログラムに従いＣＰＵ２３ａが行うバッテリのセルショート検出処理を、図７を参照して説明する。   Next, a battery cell short detection process performed by the CPU 23a in accordance with the control program stored in the ROM 23c will be described with reference to FIG.

まず、車両停止状態（イグニッション オフ）を検出し（ステップＳ１）、次に、平衡状態の開回路電圧推定時使用範囲期間の間（たとえば、充電停止後の６０分〜９０分の間の３０分間）一定時間毎（たとえば、１分毎）に、電圧センサ１７の出力によりバッテリの端子電圧を開放電圧としてサンプリングして測定し、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）を収集してＲＡＭ２３ｂのデータエリア（記憶手段に相当する）に格納、記憶する（ステップＳ２）。次に、６０〜９０分の間の３０分間測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）のデータを１０分間ずつ細分化した期間を設定する（ステップＳ３）。この細分化による最初の１０分間（充電停止後の６０〜７０分の間）を期間Ｔ１、次の１０分間（充電停止後の７０〜８０分の間）を期間Ｔ２、次の１０分間（充電停止後の８０〜９０分の間）を期間Ｔ３と設定する。   First, a vehicle stop state (ignition off) is detected (step S1), and then during an open circuit voltage estimation use range period in an equilibrium state (for example, 30 minutes between 60 minutes and 90 minutes after charge stop). ) The battery terminal voltage is sampled and measured as an open voltage by the output of the voltage sensor 17 at regular time intervals (for example, every minute), the measured open voltage V (t) is collected, and the data area ( (Corresponding to storage means) and store (step S2). Next, a period for subdividing the data of the open circuit voltage V (t) measured for 30 minutes between 60 to 90 minutes by 10 minutes is set (step S3). The first 10 minutes (between 60 and 70 minutes after stopping charging) is the period T1, the next 10 minutes (between 70 and 80 minutes after stopping charging) is the period T2, and the next 10 minutes (charging). The period T3 is set to 80 to 90 minutes after the stop.

次に、各期間が定められたら、各期間中に測定した開放電圧を使用して当該期間の想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３をそれぞれ算出する処理を行う（ステップＳ４）。この想定開回路電圧算出処理は、全ての期間について終了するまで継続して行われる（ステップＳ５のＮ）。   Next, when each period is determined, a process of calculating the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 for the period using the open circuit voltage measured during each period is performed (step S4). This assumed open circuit voltage calculation process is continuously performed for all periods (N in step S5).

全ての期間の想定開回路電圧Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３が算出されたら、期間毎の想定開回路電圧の算出値について、各々の差（Ｖ２−Ｖ１）、（Ｖ３−Ｖ２）が規定された基準レベル（たとえば、１００ｍＶ）を超えているか否かを判定する（ステップＳ６）。   When the assumed open circuit voltages V1, V2, and V3 for all periods are calculated, the reference levels that define the differences (V2−V1) and (V3−V2) for the calculated values of the assumed open circuit voltages for each period. It is determined whether (for example, 100 mV) is exceeded (step S6).

各々の差（Ｖ２−Ｖ１）、（Ｖ３−Ｖ２）が規定された基準レベル（たとえば、１００ｍＶ）を超えていれば（ステップＳ６のＹｅｓ）、次いで、セルショート（内部リーク）発生と判断し（ステップＳ７）、超えていなければ（ステップＳ６のＮｏ）、セルショート（内部リーク）なしと判断する（ステップＳ８）。   If the respective differences (V2−V1) and (V3−V2) exceed a prescribed reference level (for example, 100 mV) (Yes in step S6), then it is determined that a cell short (internal leak) has occurred ( If it does not exceed (No in step S6), it is determined that there is no cell short (internal leak) (step S8).

また、上述した図７のフローチャート中のステップＳ４における各期間の想定開回路電圧算出処理は、具体的には、サブルーチンを示す図８のフローチャートにて行われる。   Further, the assumed open circuit voltage calculation process in each period in step S4 in the flowchart of FIG. 7 described above is specifically performed in the flowchart of FIG. 8 showing a subroutine.

まず、各期間の測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）と、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅとの差値、すなわち測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算した値を求め（ステップＳ１１）、求めた値ｆ（ｔ）について累乗近似処理を行ってべき数Ｄが負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定する（ステップＳ１２）。   First, a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage V (t) and the assumed open circuit voltage E in each period, that is, a value obtained by subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E from the measured open circuit voltage V (t) is obtained. (Step S11) A power approximation process is performed on the obtained value f (t) to determine a predetermined power approximation formula in which the power number D is negative (Step S12).

累乗近似式が決定したら、次に決定した累乗近似式のべき数Ｄが−０．５に等しいかどうかを判断し（ステップ１３）、この判断の結果、べき数Ｄが−０．５となっていないときには（ステップＳ１３のＮ）、想定開回路電圧Ｅを更新し（ステップＳ１４）、この更新した想定開回路電圧Ｅについて、上記ステップＳ１１に戻って、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算する処理を行う。べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときには（ステップＳ１３のＹ）、べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧Ｅを当該期間の想定開回路電圧（Ｖ１，Ｖ２，Ｖ３）としてＲＡＭ２３ｂのデータエリア（記憶手段に相当する）に格納（ステップＳ１５）して一連の処理動作を終了し、図７のフローチャートに戻る。   When the power approximation is determined, it is determined whether the power D of the power approximation determined next is equal to −0.5 (step 13). As a result of this determination, the power D becomes −0.5. If not (N in Step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E is updated (Step S14), the updated assumed open circuit voltage E is returned to Step S11, and from the measured open voltage V (t), A process of subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E is performed. When the power number D becomes −0.5 (Y in step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E when the power number D becomes −0.5 is set to the assumed open circuit voltage (V1, V2, V2) during the period. V3) is stored in the data area (corresponding to the storage means) of the RAM 23b (step S15), a series of processing operations are terminated, and the process returns to the flowchart of FIG.

なお、図８のフローチャートには記載はないが、決定した累乗近似式のべき数がなかなか−０．５とならないときには、累乗近似式の決定が予め定めた回数行われた時点での電圧値を当該期間の想定開回路電圧Ｅとして求めて一連の処理動作を終らせることもできる。   Although not shown in the flowchart of FIG. 8, when the power of the determined power approximation is not −0.5, the voltage value at the time when the power approximation is determined a predetermined number of times. A series of processing operations can be ended by obtaining the assumed open circuit voltage E for the period.

また、図８のフローチャートでは、１分の一定間隔で測定を行っていることになっているが、１分毎の測定時以外の期間マイコンをスリープ状態にすることもできる。   Further, in the flowchart of FIG. 8, the measurement is performed at a constant interval of 1 minute, but the microcomputer can be put into a sleep state for a period other than the measurement every minute.

このように、本発明においては、車両停止後、一定時間の間電圧推移をサンプリングし、充電後の開回路電圧を平衡状態になる前に複数の時点で推定し、推定した開回路電圧の変化の度合いによってバッテリ１３におけるセルショートの発生の有無を検出しているので、バッテリのセルショート発生を比較的短時間で検出することが可能となり、バッテリの劣化に起因するトラブル（たとえば、車両のエンジン始動不能など）を未然に防止することができる。   As described above, in the present invention, after the vehicle stops, the voltage transition is sampled for a certain period of time, and the open circuit voltage after charging is estimated at a plurality of time points before reaching the equilibrium state. Since the presence or absence of a cell short-circuit in the battery 13 is detected according to the degree of the battery, it becomes possible to detect the occurrence of a cell short-circuit in the battery in a relatively short time, and troubles caused by the deterioration of the battery (for example, the engine of the vehicle Inability to start) can be prevented.

以上の通り、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれに限らず、種々の変形、応用が可能である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, A various deformation | transformation and application are possible.

たとえば、上述の実施の形態では、平衡状態の開回路電圧推定時使用範囲期間を３つの期間に細分化し、算出した３つの想定開回路電圧の変化の度合いを判定して、セルショートの有無を検出しているが、これにかぎらず、４つ以上の期間に細分化して、４つ以上の算出された想定開回路電圧の変化の度合いを判定してセルショートの有無を検出しても良い。   For example, in the above-described embodiment, the use range period when estimating the open circuit voltage in an equilibrium state is subdivided into three periods, the degree of change in the three calculated assumed open circuit voltages is determined, and the presence or absence of a cell short is determined. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the presence or absence of a cell short may be detected by subdividing into four or more periods and determining the degree of change in four or more calculated assumed open circuit voltages. .

本発明のバッテリのセルショート検出装置の基本構成を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the basic composition of the cell short detection apparatus of the battery of this invention. 本発明のバッテリのセルショート検出方法を適用した本発明の一実施形態に係るバッテリのセルショート検出装置の概略構成を一部ブロックにて示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the schematic structure of the cell short detection apparatus of the battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention to which the battery cell short detection method of this invention is applied with a partial block. 充電終了後のバッテリの開放電圧の変化を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change of the open circuit voltage of the battery after completion | finish of charge. 開回路電圧推定方法を説明するために使用するグラフである。It is a graph used in order to demonstrate an open circuit voltage estimation method. 開回路電圧推定方法を説明するために使用する他のグラフである。It is another graph used in order to demonstrate an open circuit voltage estimation method. セルショート検出方法を説明するためのグラフである。It is a graph for demonstrating the cell short detection method. 図２中のマイコンがバッテリのセルショート検出のため予め定めたプログラムに従って行う処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the process which the microcomputer in FIG. 2 performs according to a predetermined program for battery cell short circuit detection. 図７のフローチャート中のステップＳ４で実行されるサブルーチンを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the subroutine performed by step S4 in the flowchart of FIG. 従来のセルショート検出を説明するためのグラフである。It is a graph for demonstrating the conventional cell short detection.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２３ａ−１ 開放電圧測定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ｂ 開放電圧収集手段（ＲＡＭ）
２３ａ−２ 想定開回路電圧算出手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−３ 判定手段（ＣＰＵ） 23a-1 Open-circuit voltage measuring means (CPU)
23b Open voltage collection means (RAM)
23a-2 Assumed open circuit voltage calculation means (CPU)
23a-3 determining means (CPU)

Claims (4)

バッテリのセルショートを検出するバッテリのセルショート検出方法であって、
充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、
開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、
開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧に対して時間の経過順に予め定めた複数の期間の各期間内の前記開放電圧に基づいて近似された、べき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となる累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を各期間の想定開回路電圧として求める想定開回路電圧算出ステップと、
想定開回路電圧算出ステップで算出した各期間の想定開回路電圧が、時間の経過と共に減少しかつその減少割合が予め決められた基準レベルを超えていた場合、セルショートが発生していると判定する判定ステップと
を含むことを特徴とするバッテリのセルショート検出方法。 A battery cell short detection method for detecting a battery cell short,
An open-circuit voltage measuring step for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging is completed,
An open-circuit voltage collection step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measurement step;
The power number approximated based on the open-circuit voltage in each of a plurality of predetermined periods in the order of time with respect to the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collecting step is −0.5 or approximately − An assumed open circuit voltage calculating step for obtaining a voltage value asymptotic to a power approximation formula of 0.5 as an assumed open circuit voltage for each period;
When the assumed open circuit voltage calculated in the assumed open circuit voltage calculation step decreases with time and the rate of decrease exceeds a predetermined reference level, it is determined that a cell short has occurred. A battery cell short-circuit detection method comprising: バッテリのセルショートを検出するバッテリのセルショート検出装置であって、
充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段と、
開放電圧測定手段で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段と、
開放電圧収集手段で収集した開放電圧に対して時間の経過順に予め定めた複数の期間の各期間内の前記開放電圧に基づいて近似された、べき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となる累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を各期間の想定開回路電圧として求める想定開回路電圧算出手段と、
想定開回路電圧算出手段で算出した各期間の想定開回路電圧が、時間の経過と共に減少しかつその減少度合いが予め決められた基準レベルを超えていた場合、セルショートが発生していると判定する判定手段と
を備えていることを特徴とするバッテリのセルショート検出装置。 A battery cell short detection device for detecting a battery cell short,
An open-circuit voltage measuring means for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collecting means for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means;
The power number approximated based on the open-circuit voltage in each of a plurality of predetermined periods in order of time with respect to the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means is −0.5 or approximately − An assumed open circuit voltage calculation means for obtaining a voltage value asymptotic to a power approximation formula of 0.5 as an assumed open circuit voltage for each period;
When the assumed open circuit voltage calculated by the assumed open circuit voltage calculation means decreases with time and the degree of decrease exceeds a predetermined reference level, it is determined that a cell short circuit has occurred. And a battery cell short detection device. 請求項２記載のバッテリのセルショート検出装置において、
前記想定開回路電圧算出手段は、前記各期間の開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるかまたは略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行することによって、前記累乗近似式が漸近する電圧値を求める
ことを特徴とするバッテリのセルショート検出装置。 The battery cell short detection device according to claim 2,
The assumed open circuit voltage calculating means determines a predetermined power approximation expression whose power is negative based on a difference value between the open circuit voltage of each period and the assumed open circuit voltage, and the determined power approximation By repeating the determination of the power approximation equation while updating the assumed open circuit voltage until the power of the equation becomes −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the power approximation equation becomes asymptotic. What is claimed is: 1. A battery cell short-circuit detection device, comprising: 請求項２または３記載のバッテリのセルショート検出装置において、
時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとしたとき、前記累乗近似式がα・ｔD で表される
ことを特徴とするバッテリのセルショート検出装置。 In the battery cell short detection device according to claim 2 or 3,
A battery cell short-circuit detection device, wherein time is t, an unknown coefficient is α, and an unknown negative power is D, the power approximation is expressed by α · t D.
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