JP2007121227A - Method and device for estimating open circuit voltage of battery - Google Patents

Method and device for estimating open circuit voltage of battery Download PDF

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JP2007121227A
JP2007121227A JP2005317191A JP2005317191A JP2007121227A JP 2007121227 A JP2007121227 A JP 2007121227A JP 2005317191 A JP2005317191 A JP 2005317191A JP 2005317191 A JP2005317191 A JP 2005317191A JP 2007121227 A JP2007121227 A JP 2007121227A
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circuit voltage
open
open circuit
battery
voltage
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JP4878470B2 (en
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Michihito Enomoto
倫人 榎本
Yasuyuki Komatsu
康幸 小松
Tadashi Fujiwara
藤原　　正
Shigeru Aoki
滋 青木
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Honda Motor Co Ltd
Yazaki Corp
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Yazaki Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method and device for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery capable of estimating accurately an open circuit voltage relative to a voltage change characteristic of various patterns of the battery after finish of charge or discharge. <P>SOLUTION: The device includes: an open voltage transition determination means 23a-2 for determining transition of the open voltage of the battery after finish of charge or discharge; the first open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-4 for estimating the open circuit voltage by executing open circuit voltage estimation processing after finish of charge, when the determination results are decreased continuously; the second open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-5 for estimating the final voltage of sampling as the open circuit voltage, when the determination results are decreased and then becomes constant; the third open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-6 for estimating the open circuit voltage by executing open circuit voltage estimation processing after finish of discharge, when the determination results are increased continuously; and the fourth open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-7 for estimating the open circuit voltage by executing the open circuit voltage estimation processing after finish of charge in a section where the voltage is lowered after reaching the maximum voltage, when the determination results are increased and then decreased. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法および装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a battery open circuit voltage estimation method and apparatus for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load.

バッテリの開回路電圧は、一般的には、充放電終了後、ほぼ平衡状態になるであろう時間、たとえば２４時間が経過したときの開放電圧を測定して開回路電圧とみなすことが行われている。   In general, the open circuit voltage of a battery is regarded as an open circuit voltage by measuring an open voltage when 24 hours have passed since the charge / discharge is almost completed. ing.

しかし、このような方法では、開放電圧を開回路電圧とみなして測定できるには、充放電終了から平衡状態とみなせる状態になるまで待たなければならず、このような時間が経過する前に、充放電が再開されたときには、次の充放電終了から再度一定の時間が経過するまで測定する機会がなく、開回路電圧を知ることのできる機会が極めて少ないという問題があった。   However, in such a method, in order to be able to measure the open circuit voltage as an open circuit voltage, it is necessary to wait until the state where it can be regarded as an equilibrium state from the end of charge / discharge, and before such time elapses, When charging / discharging is restarted, there is no opportunity to measure until a certain time has passed again from the end of the next charging / discharging, and there is a problem that there is very little opportunity to know the open circuit voltage.

一般に、車両に搭載したバッテリ（鉛酸バッテリ）の充電が終了した場合、バッテリの開放状態での端子電圧は、濃度分極によって上昇していた分が時間とともに解消するため、図５に示すように、徐々に減少し、たとえば充電終了から２４時間経過後のバッテリの平衡状態における端子電圧である開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）に漸近するように変化する漸近曲線の特性を表す。 In general, when charging of a battery (lead-acid battery) mounted on a vehicle is terminated, the terminal voltage in the open state of the battery is eliminated with the time due to concentration polarization, so as shown in FIG. Represents the characteristics of an asymptotic curve that gradually decreases and changes so as to gradually approach the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ), which is a terminal voltage in an equilibrium state of the battery after elapse of 24 hours from the end of charging.

同様に、バッテリの放電が終了した場合、バッテリの開放状態での端子電圧は、濃度分極によって下降していた分が時間とともに解消するため、図８に示すように、徐々に増加し、たとえば放電終了から２４時間経過後のバッテリの平衡状態における端子電圧である開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）に漸近するように変化する漸近曲線の特性を表す。 Similarly, when the battery discharge ends, the terminal voltage in the open state of the battery is gradually increased as shown in FIG. It represents the characteristics of an asymptotic curve that changes asymptotically to the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ), which is the terminal voltage in the equilibrium state of the battery 24 hours after the end.

そこで、図５および図８に示すように、バッテリの充放電終了後の電圧推移が、充電後は単調減少を示し、放電後は単調増加を示すような場合は、２４時間経過を待つことなく、充放電終了から比較的短時間の内にバッテリの開回路電圧を比較的正確に推定できる方法が、たとえば、特開２００２−２３４４０８号公報等で提案されている。以下、この方法について説明する。   Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 8, when the voltage transition after the end of charging / discharging of the battery shows a monotonic decrease after charging and a monotonic increase after discharging, it does not wait for 24 hours to elapse. For example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-234408 proposes a method that can estimate the open circuit voltage of a battery relatively accurately within a relatively short time after the end of charging and discharging. Hereinafter, this method will be described.

前述のように、車両に搭載したバッテリの充電が終了した場合、バッテリの開放状態での端子電圧は、濃度分極によって上昇していた分が時間とともに解消して徐々に減少し、図５に示すように、例えば２４時間後のバッテリの平衡状態における端子電圧である開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）に漸近するように変化し、このような漸近曲線は、一般に累乗式で表される。 As described above, when the charging of the battery mounted on the vehicle is completed, the terminal voltage in the open state of the battery is gradually reduced by eliminating the portion that has been increased due to the concentration polarization as shown in FIG. Thus, for example, it changes so as to be asymptotic to the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ) that is the terminal voltage in the equilibrium state of the battery after 24 hours, and such an asymptotic curve is generally expressed by a power formula.

よって、今、開回路電圧ＯＣＶ（＝Ｅ0 ）が未知であるとき、図６に示すように、想定した開回路電圧ＯＣＶ′（＝Ｅ）を定め、この想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを端子電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から減算すると、図７に示すように、横軸に漸近する累乗近似式α・ｔD で表されるようになる。また、拡散現象を累乗近似式α・ｔD で近似すると、べき数Ｄが−０．５付近になるとされている。 Therefore, now, when the open circuit voltage OCV (= E 0 ) is unknown, an assumed open circuit voltage OCV ′ (= E) is determined as shown in FIG. When subtracted from the voltage V (t), as shown in FIG. 7, it is expressed by a power approximate expression α · t D asymptotic to the horizontal axis. Further, when the diffusion phenomenon is approximated by a power approximate expression α · t D , the power number D is supposed to be around −0.5.

そこで、バッテリの充電が終了後、図７に示すように、例えば５分の予め定めた時間Ｔａを経過してから、例えば１５分の予め定めた時間Ｔｂまでの間のバッテリの開放電圧を測定し、この測定した開放電圧より、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算し累乗近似式α・ｔD を算出する。 Therefore, after the charging of the battery is finished, as shown in FIG. 7, for example, the open circuit voltage of the battery is measured after a predetermined time Ta for 5 minutes, for example, until a predetermined time Tb of 15 minutes. Then, the assumed open circuit voltage E is subtracted from the measured open circuit voltage to calculate a power approximate expression α · t D.

一般的に、拡散現象を累乗近似式α・ｔD で近似すると、べき数Ｄが−０．５付近になるとされている。充電終了後の開回路電圧の変化は、電解液の拡散によって生じる電圧変化によるものであるとすることができるので、べき数Ｄが−０．５になるような累乗近似式α・ｔD が得られたときの想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 とみなすことができる。 Generally, when the diffusion phenomenon is approximated by a power approximation expression α · t D , the power number D is assumed to be around −0.5. Since the change in the open circuit voltage after the end of charging can be attributed to the voltage change caused by the diffusion of the electrolyte, the power approximation expression α · t D such that the power D becomes −0.5 is obtained. The assumed open circuit voltage E when obtained can be regarded as the open circuit voltage E 0 .

これに対して、バッテリの放電が終了した場合、図８に示すように、バッテリの開放状態での端子電圧は、濃度分極によって下降していた分が時間とともに解消して徐々に増加し、例えば２４時間後のバッテリの平衡状態における端子電圧である開回路電圧Ｅ0 に漸近する。なお、放電の場合、想定開回路電圧Ｅの方が累乗近似式α・ｔD より常に大きいので、測定した開放電圧より、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算した値が負となるので、開放電圧より想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算した値の絶対値を利用して累乗近似式α・ｔD を算出する。 On the other hand, when the discharge of the battery is completed, as shown in FIG. 8, the terminal voltage in the open state of the battery is gradually increased with the amount that has been lowered due to the concentration polarization canceling with time, for example, Asymptotically approaches the open circuit voltage E 0 which is the terminal voltage in the equilibrium state of the battery after 24 hours. In the case of discharge, since the assumed open circuit voltage E is always larger than the power approximation equation α · t D, the value obtained by subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E from the measured open voltage is negative. The power approximate expression α · t D is calculated using the absolute value of the value obtained by subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E from the voltage.

一般的に、充電または放電が終了した後、予め定めた時間を経過してから一定の時間の間にバッテリの開放電圧を複数回測定し、この測定した開放電圧から、想定した想定開回路電圧を減算した値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、この決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるまで、累乗近似式の決定を想定開回路電圧を更新して繰り返し実行し、べき数が−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定すればよい。   In general, after charging or discharging is completed, the battery open-circuit voltage is measured several times during a certain time after a predetermined time has elapsed, and the assumed open-circuit voltage assumed from this measured open-circuit voltage Based on the value obtained by subtracting, a predetermined power approximation formula having a negative power number is determined, and the power approximation formula is assumed to be determined until the power number of the determined power approximation formula is −0.5. Is updated and is repeatedly executed, and the assumed open circuit voltage when the power number becomes −0.5 may be estimated as the open circuit voltage.

なお、想定開回路電圧を予め定めた回数更新して繰り返し実行しても、べき数が−０．５とならないことがあるときには、予め定めた回数が実行されたことによってべき数が略−０．５になったと判断し、このときの想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定し、必要以上に累乗近似式を決定する処理を繰り返すことをなくすことができる。   Even if the assumed open circuit voltage is updated a predetermined number of times and repeatedly executed, if the power number may not be −0.5, the power number is approximately −0 due to the execution of the predetermined number of times. .5, and the estimated open circuit voltage at this time is estimated as the open circuit voltage, and the process of determining the power approximation equation more than necessary can be eliminated.

このように、バッテリの充放電終了後の電圧推移が、充電後は単調減少を示し、放電後は単調増加を示すような場合、上述の推定方法を用いて比較的正確に開回路電圧を推定することができる。
特開２００２−２３４４０８号公報 Thus, when the voltage transition after the end of charging / discharging of the battery shows a monotonic decrease after charging and a monotonic increase after discharging, the open circuit voltage is estimated relatively accurately using the above estimation method. can do.
JP 2002-234408 A

しかしながら、車両使用中の実際の鉛酸バッテリの開回路電圧変動は、車両の走行状態の変化や停止等による充放電が繰り返される結果として、図５に示す単調減少の特性（パターンＡとする）や図８に示す単調増加（パターンＢとする）のパターンと異なる場合がある。   However, the actual open circuit voltage fluctuation of the lead acid battery during use of the vehicle is a monotonically decreasing characteristic (referred to as pattern A) shown in FIG. Or a monotonically increasing pattern (referred to as pattern B) shown in FIG.

たとえば、図９に示すように、充電終了後、図５に示す漸近曲線よりも早期に電圧推移がほぼ一定となる特性（パターンＣとする）を示したり、図１０に示すように、放電終了後、図６に示す漸近曲線とまったく異なり、いったん増加した電圧が再び図５に示す漸近曲線にほぼ近い推移で減少する特性（パターンＤとする）を示したりすることがある。その結果として、このパターンＣやパターンＤのような異なる特性を示す場合にも、上述の従来の開回路電圧の推定方法を適用すると、開回路電圧の推定精度悪化や検出エラーを招くこととなる問題があった。   For example, as shown in FIG. 9, after the end of charging, a characteristic (pattern C) in which the voltage transition becomes almost constant earlier than the asymptotic curve shown in FIG. 5, or as shown in FIG. After that, unlike the asymptotic curve shown in FIG. 6, there is a case where once increased voltage again exhibits a characteristic (referred to as pattern D) that decreases with a transition substantially close to the asymptotic curve shown in FIG. As a result, even when different characteristics such as the pattern C and the pattern D are shown, if the above-described conventional open circuit voltage estimation method is applied, the open circuit voltage estimation accuracy deteriorates and a detection error is caused. There was a problem.

そこで、本発明は、上述の従来の課題に鑑み、充放電終了後のバッテリの種々のパターンの電圧変化特性に対して開回路電圧を精度良く推定することができるバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法および装置を提供することを課題としている。   Therefore, in view of the above-described conventional problems, the present invention provides a battery open circuit voltage estimation method capable of accurately estimating an open circuit voltage with respect to voltage change characteristics of various patterns of the battery after the end of charging and discharging, and An object is to provide an apparatus.

請求項１記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法は、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する開回路電圧推定ステップとを含むことを特徴とする。   A battery open circuit voltage estimation method according to claim 1 is a battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load, and the battery is released after charging is completed. Open voltage measurement step that measures voltage for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period, open voltage collection step that collects open voltage measured in open voltage measurement step, and transition of open voltage collected in open voltage collection step And an open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating the final voltage of sampling as an open circuit voltage if the determination result at the open voltage transition determination step is constant after the decrease. .

請求項２記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法は、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する開回路電圧推定ステップとを含み、前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行うことを特徴とする。   A battery open circuit voltage estimation method according to a second aspect of the present invention is a battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load. Open voltage measurement step that measures voltage for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period, open voltage collection step that collects open voltage measured in open voltage measurement step, and transition of open voltage collected in open voltage collection step If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination step and the open-circuit voltage transition determination step is a decrease after increase, open circuit voltage estimation processing after charging is executed in the interval where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. An open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating an open circuit voltage, and the open circuit voltage estimation process includes a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage. Then, a predetermined power approximation formula having a negative power number is determined, and the power approximation is performed until the power number of the determined power approximation formula is −0.5 or approximately −0.5. The formula is repeatedly determined while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the assumed open circuit voltage when the power number is -0.5 or substantially -0.5 is determined as the open circuit voltage. It is characterized by performing the process of estimating.

請求項３記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法は、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、充電または放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、連続減少の場合は、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第１の開回路電圧推定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する第２の開回路電圧推定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、連続増加の場合は、放電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第３の開回路電圧推定ステップと、開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第４の開回路電圧推定ステップとを含み、前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行うことを特徴とする。   A battery open circuit voltage estimation method according to a third aspect of the present invention is a battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load. The open-circuit voltage measurement step for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the open-circuit for a predetermined period, the open-circuit voltage collection step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measurement step, and the transition of the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collection step If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination step and the open-circuit voltage transition determination step is a continuous decrease, the first open circuit that estimates the open circuit voltage by executing the open circuit voltage estimation process after charging When the determination results in the voltage estimation step and the open-circuit voltage transition determination step are constant after the decrease, a second sampling voltage is estimated as an open circuit voltage. A third open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating an open circuit voltage by executing an open circuit voltage estimation process after discharging when the determination result in the circuit voltage estimation step and the open circuit voltage transition determination step is a continuous increase; If the determination result in the open circuit voltage transition determination step is a decrease after increase, an open circuit voltage estimation process after charging is performed to estimate an open circuit voltage in a section where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. A fourth open circuit voltage estimation step, wherein the open circuit voltage estimation process includes a predetermined power approximation formula whose power is negative according to a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and the assumed open circuit voltage. And the determination of the power approximation is repeated while updating the assumed open circuit voltage until the power of the determined power approximation is −0.5 or approximately −0.5. And the power is -0.5 It comprises or, and performs the processing for estimating an assumed open circuit voltage and the open circuit voltage when a substantially -0.5.

請求項４記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、図１（Ａ）のブロック図に示すように、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、充電が終了した後、バッテリ１３の開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１と、開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段２３ｂと、開放電圧収集手段２３ｂで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−３と、を備えたことを特徴とする。   The battery open circuit voltage estimation device according to claim 4 is a battery open circuit voltage estimation device that estimates the open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load, as shown in the block diagram of FIG. After the charging is completed, the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 that measures the open-circuit voltage of the battery 13 for a predetermined period with a predetermined sampling period, and the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 are collected. Open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b, open-circuit voltage transition judging means 23a-2 for judging the transition of the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b, and judgment results by the open-circuit voltage transition judging means 23a-2 are constant after the decrease. In the case of (2), an open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-3 for estimating the final sampling voltage as an open circuit voltage is provided.

請求項５記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、図１（Ａ）のブロック図に示すように、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、放電が終了した後、バッテリ１３の開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１と、開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段２３ｂと、開放電圧収集手段２３ｂで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−３とを備え、前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行うことを特徴とする。   The battery open circuit voltage estimation device according to claim 5 is a battery open circuit voltage estimation device that estimates the open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load, as shown in the block diagram of FIG. After the discharge is completed, the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery 13 for a predetermined period with a predetermined sampling period, and the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 are collected. The determination results of the open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b, the open-circuit voltage transition determining means 23a-2 for determining the transition of the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means 23b, and the determination result of the open-circuit voltage transition determining means 23a-2 decrease after increasing. In the case where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage, the circuit includes an open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-3 for performing an open circuit voltage estimation process after charging and estimating an open circuit voltage. In the open circuit voltage estimation process, a predetermined power approximation formula whose power is negative is determined based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power of the determined power approximation formula is determined. Until the power reaches −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the determination of the power approximation is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power is −0.5. Alternatively, a process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage when it becomes approximately −0.5 as an open circuit voltage is performed.

請求項６記載の発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、図１（Ｂ）のブロック図に示すように、負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、充電または放電が終了した後、バッテリ１３の開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１と、開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段２３ｂと、開放電圧収集手段２３ｂで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、連続減少の場合は、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第１の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−４と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する第２の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−５と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、連続増加の場合は、放電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第３の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−６と、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２での判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第４の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−７とを備え、前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行うことを特徴とする。   The battery open circuit voltage estimating apparatus according to claim 6 is a battery open circuit voltage estimating apparatus for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery for supplying power to a load, as shown in the block diagram of FIG. After the charging or discharging is finished, the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery 13 for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period, and the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means 23a-1 The open circuit voltage collecting means 23b for collecting the open circuit voltage, the open circuit voltage transition determining means 23a-2 for determining the transition of the open circuit voltage collected by the open circuit voltage collecting means 23b, and the determination results of the open circuit voltage transition determining means 23a-2 are continuous. In the case of a decrease, the first open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-4 that estimates the open circuit voltage by executing the open circuit voltage estimation process after charging, and the open circuit voltage transition determination means 23a-2 If the result is constant after the decrease, the determination results in the second open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-5 for estimating the final sampling voltage as an open circuit voltage and the open voltage transition determination means 23a-2 are continuously increased. In this case, the determination results of the third open circuit voltage estimation means 23a-6 that estimates the open circuit voltage by executing the open circuit voltage estimation process after discharge and the open circuit voltage transition determination means 23a-2 increase. In the case of post-decrease, fourth open-circuit voltage estimating means 23a-7 for performing open-circuit voltage estimation processing after charging and estimating the open-circuit voltage in a section where the voltage is decreasing after reaching the maximum voltage, The open circuit voltage estimation process determines a predetermined power approximation formula whose power is negative based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage, and the determined power approximation formula Power of -0.5 or approximately The power approximation formula is repeatedly determined while updating the assumed open circuit voltage until 0.5, and when the power number is -0.5 or substantially -0.5 A process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage as an open circuit voltage is performed.

請求項７記載の発明は、請求項５または６記載のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置において、前記測定した開放電圧が充電終了後のものであるとき、時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとしたとき、前記累乗近似式がα・ｔD で表されることを特徴とする。 According to a seventh aspect of the present invention, in the battery open circuit voltage estimation device according to the fifth or sixth aspect, when the measured open circuit voltage is after the end of charging, the time is t, the unknown coefficient is α, the unknown When the negative power of is D, the power approximation formula is expressed by α · t D.

請求項８記載の発明は、請求項６記載のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置において、前記測定した開放電圧が放電終了後のものであるとき、前記累乗近似式を決定するための前記差値は、前記測定した開放電圧から前記想定した想定開回路電圧を減算した値の絶対値であり、時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとすると、前記累乗近似式がα・ｔD で表されることを特徴とする。 According to an eighth aspect of the present invention, in the battery open circuit voltage estimation device according to the sixth aspect, when the measured open circuit voltage is after the end of discharge, the difference value for determining the power approximation equation is: , The absolute value of a value obtained by subtracting the assumed assumed open circuit voltage from the measured open voltage, where time is t, unknown coefficient is α, and unknown negative power is D, the power approximation formula is It is represented by α · t D.

請求項１および４記載の発明によれば、バッテリの充電終了後に減少後一定となるパターンの電圧変化特性に対して、開回路電圧を精度良く推定することができ、検出エラーを軽減することができる。   According to the first and fourth aspects of the present invention, it is possible to accurately estimate the open circuit voltage with respect to the voltage change characteristic of the pattern that becomes constant after being reduced after the end of charging of the battery, and to reduce detection errors. it can.

請求項２および５記載の発明によれば、バッテリの放電終了後に増加後減少となるパターンの電圧変化特性に対して、開回路電圧を精度良く推定することができ、検出エラーを軽減することができる。   According to the second and fifth aspects of the present invention, the open circuit voltage can be accurately estimated with respect to the voltage change characteristic of the pattern that increases and decreases after the battery discharge is completed, and detection errors can be reduced. it can.

請求項３および６記載の発明によれば、充放電終了後のバッテリの種々のパターンの電圧変化特性に対して、従来より開回路電圧を精度良く推定することができ、検出エラーを軽減することができる。   According to the third and sixth aspects of the invention, it is possible to estimate the open circuit voltage with higher accuracy and reduce detection errors with respect to the voltage change characteristics of the various patterns of the battery after completion of charging and discharging. Can do.

請求項７記載の発明によれば、バッテリの充電が終了した後、比較的短い時間内に測定したバッテリの開放電圧の測定によって、累乗近似式の漸近線を求めて、これを開回路電圧として推定できるので、バッテリの開回路電圧を、充電の終了から比較的短時間の内に推定することができる。   According to the seventh aspect of the present invention, an asymptotic line of the power approximation equation is obtained by measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery measured within a relatively short time after the charging of the battery is finished, and this is used as an open circuit voltage. Since it can be estimated, the open circuit voltage of the battery can be estimated within a relatively short time from the end of charging.

請求項８記載の発明によれば、バッテリの放電が終了した後、比較的短い時間内に測定したバッテリの開放電圧の測定によって、累乗近似式の漸近線を求めて、これを開回路電圧として推定できるので、バッテリの開回路電圧を、放電の終了から比較的短時間の内に推定することができる。   According to the eighth aspect of the present invention, an asymptotic line of a power approximation equation is obtained by measuring the open circuit voltage of the battery measured within a relatively short time after the discharge of the battery is finished, and this is used as an open circuit voltage. Since it can be estimated, the open circuit voltage of the battery can be estimated within a relatively short time from the end of discharge.

図２は、本発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法を適用した本発明の一実施形態に係るバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置の概略構成を一部ブロックにて示す説明図であり、本実施形態のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、エンジン３に加えてモータジェネレータ５を有するハイブリッド車両に搭載されている。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram partially showing in block form a schematic configuration of a battery open circuit voltage estimation apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention to which the battery open circuit voltage estimation method of the present invention is applied. The battery open circuit voltage estimation device is mounted on a hybrid vehicle having a motor generator 5 in addition to the engine 3.

そして、このハイブリッド車両は、通常時はエンジン３の出力のみをドライブシャフト７からディファレンシャルケース９を介して車輪１１に伝達して走行させ、高負荷時には、バッテリ１３からの電力によりモータジェネレータ５をモータとして機能させて、エンジン３の出力に加えてモータジェネレータ５の出力をドライブシャフト７から車輪１１に伝達し、アシスト走行を行わせるように構成されている。   In this hybrid vehicle, normally, only the output of the engine 3 is transmitted from the drive shaft 7 to the wheels 11 through the differential case 9 and travels. When the load is high, the motor generator 5 is driven by the electric power from the battery 13. In addition to the output of the engine 3, the output of the motor generator 5 is transmitted from the drive shaft 7 to the wheels 11 to perform assist traveling.

また、このハイブリッド車両は、減速時や制動時にモータジェネレータ５をジェネレータ（発電機）として機能させ、運動エネルギを電気エネルギに変換してバッテリ１３を充電させるように構成されている。   In addition, this hybrid vehicle is configured to cause the motor generator 5 to function as a generator (generator) during deceleration or braking and to convert the kinetic energy into electric energy to charge the battery 13.

なお、モータジェネレータ５はさらに、図示しないスタータスイッチのオンに伴うエンジン３の始動時に、エンジン３のフライホイールを強制的に回転させるセルモータとして用いられるが、その場合にモータジェネレータ５には、短時間に大きな電流が流される。スタータスイッチのオンによりモータジェネレータ５によってエンジン３が始動されると、イグニッションキー（図示しない）の操作解除に伴って、スタータスイッチがオフになってイグニッションスイッチやアクセサリスイッチのオン状態に移行し、これに伴ってバッテリ１３から流れる放電電流は、定常電流に移行する。   The motor generator 5 is further used as a cell motor that forcibly rotates the flywheel of the engine 3 when the engine 3 is started when a starter switch (not shown) is turned on. A large current is passed through. When the engine 3 is started by the motor generator 5 by turning on the starter switch, the starter switch is turned off and the ignition switch and the accessory switch are turned on with the release of the operation of an ignition key (not shown). Accordingly, the discharge current flowing from the battery 13 shifts to a steady current.

本実施形態のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、アシスト走行用のモータやセルモータとして機能するモータジェネレータ５等、電装品に対するバッテリ１３の放電電流Ｉや、ジェネレータとして機能するモータジェネレータ５からのバッテリ１３に対する充放電電流を検出する電流センサ１５と、バッテリ１３に並列接続した１Ｍオーム程度の抵抗を有し、バッテリ１３の端子電圧Ｖを検出する電圧センサ１７とを備えている。   The battery open circuit voltage estimation apparatus according to the present embodiment includes a discharge current I of a battery 13 for an electrical component such as a motor generator 5 that functions as a motor for assist driving or a cell motor, and a battery 13 from the motor generator 5 that functions as a generator. And a voltage sensor 17 having a resistance of about 1 M ohm connected in parallel to the battery 13 and detecting the terminal voltage V of the battery 13.

また、本実施形態のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置は、上述した電流センサ１５および電圧センサ１７の出力がインタフェース回路（以下、「Ｉ／Ｆ」と略記）２１におけるＡ／Ｄ変換後に取り込まれるマイクロコンピュータ（以下、「マイコン」と略記）２３をさらに備えている。   In addition, the battery open circuit voltage estimation device according to the present embodiment is configured such that the outputs of the current sensor 15 and the voltage sensor 17 described above are captured after A / D conversion in the interface circuit (hereinafter abbreviated as “I / F”) 21. A computer (hereinafter abbreviated as “microcomputer”) 23 is further provided.

そして、マイコン２３は、ＣＰＵ２３ａ、ＲＡＭ２３ｂおよびＲＯＭ２３ｃを有しており、このうち、ＣＰＵ２３ａには、ＲＡＭ２３ｂおよびＲＯＭ２３ｃの他、Ｉ／Ｆ２１が接続されており、また、上述した図示しないスタータスイッチ、イグニッションスイッチやアクセサリスイッチ、モータジェネレータ５以外の電装品（負荷）のスイッチ等が、さらに接続されている。ＣＰＵ２３ａは、特許請求の範囲における開放電圧測定手段２３ａ−１、開放電圧推移判定手段２３ａ−２、開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−３、第１の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−４、第２の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−５、第３の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−６および第４の開回路電圧推定手段２３ａ−７として働く。   The microcomputer 23 includes a CPU 23a, a RAM 23b, and a ROM 23c. Of these, the CPU 23a is connected to the I / F 21 in addition to the RAM 23b and the ROM 23c, and the above-described starter switch and ignition switch (not shown). In addition, an electrical switch (load) other than the accessory switch and the motor generator 5 is connected. The CPU 23a includes an open circuit voltage measuring unit 23a-1, an open circuit voltage transition determining unit 23a-2, an open circuit voltage estimating unit 23a-3, a first open circuit voltage estimating unit 23a-4, and a second open circuit. The circuit voltage estimating means 23a-5, the third open circuit voltage estimating means 23a-6, and the fourth open circuit voltage estimating means 23a-7 function.

ＲＡＭ２３ｂは、各種データ記憶用のデータエリアおよび各種処理作業に用いるワークエリアを有しており、ＲＯＭ２３ｃには、ＣＰＵ２３ａに各種処理動作を行わせるための制御プログラムが格納されている。ＲＡＭ２３ｂは、特許請求の範囲における開放電圧収集手段として働く。   The RAM 23b has a data area for storing various data and a work area used for various processing operations. The ROM 23c stores a control program for causing the CPU 23a to perform various processing operations. The RAM 23b functions as an open-circuit voltage collecting unit in the claims.

なお、上述した電流センサ１５および電圧センサ１７の出力である電流値および電圧値は、Ｉ／Ｆ２１を介してマイコン２３のＣＰＵ２３ａに取り込まれる。   Note that the current value and voltage value that are the outputs of the current sensor 15 and the voltage sensor 17 described above are taken into the CPU 23 a of the microcomputer 23 via the I / F 21.

次に、ＲＯＭ２３ｃに格納された制御プログラムに従いＣＰＵ２３ａが行うバッテリの開回路電圧推定処理を、図３を参照して説明する。   Next, the battery open circuit voltage estimation process performed by the CPU 23a according to the control program stored in the ROM 23c will be described with reference to FIG.

まず、車両停止状態（イグニッション オフ）を検出し（ステップＳ１）、次に、一定期間の間（たとえば、９０分間）一定時間毎（たとえば、１分毎）に、電圧センサ１７の出力によりバッテリの端子電圧を開放電圧としてサンプリングして測定し、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）を収集してＲＡＭ２３ｂのデータエリア（記憶手段に相当する）に格納、記憶する（ステップＳ２）。次に、９０分間測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）のデータの推移において、車両停止後から所定の第１の判定期間における電圧推移が上昇したかまたは減少したかを判定する（ステップＳ３）。   First, a vehicle stop state (ignition off) is detected (step S1), and then, for a certain period (for example, 90 minutes) at a certain time (for example, every minute), the output of the voltage sensor 17 The terminal voltage is sampled and measured as an open voltage, and the measured open voltage V (t) is collected and stored in the data area (corresponding to the storage means) of the RAM 23b (step S2). Next, in the data transition of the open circuit voltage V (t) measured for 90 minutes, it is determined whether the voltage transition in the predetermined first determination period has increased or decreased since the vehicle stopped (step S3).

車両停止後から所定の第１の判定期間における電圧推移が減少していれば、次いで、所定の第１の判定期間に続く所定の第２の判定期間における電圧推移が減少し続けているかまたは電圧推移がほぼ一定になっているかどうかを判定する（ステップＳ４）。電圧が減少し続けていれば、次いで、パターンＡに相当する特性に対応する充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行する（ステップＳ５）。この充電後の開回路電圧推定処理は、前述の特開２００２−２３４４０８号公報に開示されているように、図４に示すサブルーチンが実行される。   If the voltage transition in the predetermined first determination period has decreased since the vehicle stopped, then the voltage transition in the predetermined second determination period following the predetermined first determination period continues to decrease or the voltage It is determined whether or not the transition is substantially constant (step S4). If the voltage continues to decrease, then the post-charge open circuit voltage estimation process corresponding to the characteristic corresponding to the pattern A is executed (step S5). In this open circuit voltage estimation process after charging, a subroutine shown in FIG. 4 is executed as disclosed in the aforementioned Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-234408.

すなわち、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）と、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅとの差値、即ち、充電後の場合は、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算した値ｆ（ｔ）を求め（ステップＳ１１）、求めた値ｆ（ｔ）について累乗近似処理を行って、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式α・ｔD を決定する（ステップＳ１２）。累乗近似式が決定したら、次に、決定した累乗近似式α・ｔD のべき数Ｄが−０．５（＝Ｋ）に等しいかどうかを判断し（ステップＳ１３）、この判断の結果、べき数Ｄが−０．５となっていないときには（ステップＳ１３のＮ）、想定開回路電圧Ｅを更新し（ステップＳ１４）、この更新した想定開回路電圧について、上記ステップＳ１１に戻って、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算する処理を行う。べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときには（ステップＳ１３のＹ）、べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定し、一連の処理動作を終了する。 That is, the difference value between the measured open circuit voltage V (t) and the assumed open circuit voltage E, that is, after charging, the assumed open circuit voltage E is subtracted from the measured open circuit voltage V (t). The obtained value f (t) is obtained (step S11), and a power approximation process is performed on the obtained value f (t) to determine a predetermined power approximation expression α · t D whose power number is negative (step S12). ). When the power approximation formula is determined, it is next determined whether or not the power number D of the determined power approximation formula α · t D is equal to −0.5 (= K) (step S13). When the number D is not −0.5 (N in step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E is updated (step S14), and the updated assumed open circuit voltage is measured by returning to step S11. A process of subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E from the open circuit voltage V (t) is performed. When the power number D becomes −0.5 (Y in step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E when the power number D becomes −0.5 is estimated as the open circuit voltage E 0, and a series of processes is performed. End the operation.

なお、フローチャートには記載はないが、決定した累乗近似式のべき数がなかなか−０．５とならないときには、図のフローチャートには示していないが、累乗近似式の決定が予め定めた回数行われた時点での想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定し、一連の処理動作を終らせることもできる。 Although not shown in the flowchart, when the power of the determined power approximation is not −0.5, the power approximation is determined a predetermined number of times (not shown in the flowchart). It is also possible to estimate the assumed open circuit voltage E at this time as the open circuit voltage E 0 and end the series of processing operations.

次に、図３のフローチャートに戻って、ステップＳ４の判定結果が、第２の判定期間では電圧推移がほぼ一定になっていれば、次いで、パターンＣに対応する特性に対応して、ステップＳ２でサンプリングした最終電圧を開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定し、処理を終了する（ステップＳ６）。なお、電圧推移がほぼ一定になっているとの判定は、たとえば、電圧推移が許容誤差範囲内に入る程度の変化しか示していない場合にそのように決定される。たとえば、バッテリの満充電電圧が３８Ｖの場合、許容誤差範囲は±１０ｍＶと設定される。 Next, returning to the flowchart of FIG. 3, if the determination result of step S4 shows that the voltage transition is substantially constant in the second determination period, then step S2 corresponds to the characteristic corresponding to pattern C. The final voltage sampled at is estimated as the open circuit voltage E 0, and the process ends (step S6). The determination that the voltage transition is substantially constant is determined in such a manner, for example, when the voltage transition shows only a change that falls within the allowable error range. For example, when the full charge voltage of the battery is 38V, the allowable error range is set to ± 10 mV.

一方、ステップＳ３において、車両停止後から所定の第１の判定期間における電圧推移が上昇していると判定された場合は、次いで、所定の第１の判定期間に続く所定の第２の判定期間において、電圧推移が上昇し続けているかまたは最大電圧到達後減少しているかどうかを判定する（ステップＳ７）。電圧が上昇し続けていれば、次いで、パターンＢに相当する特性に対応する放電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行する（ステップＳ８）。この放電後の開回路電圧推定処理は、ステップＳ５と同様に、図４に示すサブルーチンが実行される。   On the other hand, if it is determined in step S3 that the voltage transition in the predetermined first determination period has increased after the vehicle stops, then the predetermined second determination period following the predetermined first determination period In step S7, it is determined whether the voltage transition continues to increase or decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. If the voltage continues to rise, then an open circuit voltage estimation process after discharge corresponding to the characteristic corresponding to the pattern B is executed (step S8). In the open circuit voltage estimation process after the discharge, a subroutine shown in FIG. 4 is executed as in step S5.

すなわち、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）と、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅとの差値、即ち、放電後の場合は、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算した値の絶対値を求め（ステップＳ１１）、求めた値ｆ（ｔ）について累乗近似処理を行って、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式α・ｔD を決定する（ステップＳ１２）。累乗近似式が決定したら、次に、決定した累乗近似式α・ｔD のべき数Ｄが−０．５（＝Ｋ）に等しいかどうかを判断し（ステップＳ１３）、この判断の結果、べき数Ｄが−０．５となっていないときには（ステップＳ１３のＮ）、想定開回路電圧Ｅを更新し（ステップＳ１４）、この更新した想定開回路電圧について、上記ステップＳ１１に戻って、測定した開放電圧Ｖ（ｔ）から、想定した想定開回路電圧Ｅを減算する処理を行う。べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときには（ステップＳ１３のＹ）、べき数Ｄが−０．５となったときの想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定し、一連の処理動作を終了する。 That is, the difference between the measured open circuit voltage V (t) and the assumed open circuit voltage E, that is, after discharge, subtract the assumed open circuit voltage E from the measured open circuit voltage V (t). An absolute value of the obtained value is obtained (step S11), and a power approximation process is performed on the obtained value f (t) to determine a predetermined power approximation expression α · t D whose power number is negative (step S12). . When the power approximation formula is determined, it is next determined whether or not the power number D of the determined power approximation formula α · t D is equal to −0.5 (= K) (step S13). When the number D is not −0.5 (N in step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E is updated (step S14), and the updated assumed open circuit voltage is measured by returning to step S11. A process of subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage E from the open circuit voltage V (t) is performed. When the power number D becomes −0.5 (Y in step S13), the assumed open circuit voltage E when the power number D becomes −0.5 is estimated as the open circuit voltage E 0, and a series of processes is performed. End the operation.

次に、図３のフローチャートに戻って、ステップＳ７の判定結果が、第２の判定期間では電圧推移が最大電圧到達後ほぼ一定になっていれば、次いで、パターンＤの特性に対応して、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行する（ステップＳ９）。この開回路電圧推定処理は、たとえば、ステップＳ２で９０分間サンプリングされた電圧データの内、後半の６０分〜９０分の間にサンプリングされた電圧データを用いて、図４のサブルーチンによって行われる。すなわち、前述のステップＳ５の場合と同様の処理により、想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定し、一連の処理動作を終了する。 Next, returning to the flowchart of FIG. 3, if the determination result of step S <b> 7 is substantially constant after the maximum voltage is reached in the second determination period, then, corresponding to the characteristics of the pattern D, An open circuit voltage estimation process after charging is executed in a section where the voltage has decreased since reaching the maximum voltage (step S9). This open circuit voltage estimation process is performed by the subroutine of FIG. 4 using, for example, voltage data sampled in the latter half of 60 minutes to 90 minutes among the voltage data sampled in step S2 for 90 minutes. That is, the assumed open circuit voltage E is estimated as the open circuit voltage E 0 by the same process as in step S5 described above, and the series of processing operations is terminated.

このように、本発明においては、車両停止後、一定時間の間電圧推移をサンプリングし、開回路電圧の挙動が（１）連続減少時（すなわち、パターンＡに相当）、（２）減少後一定（すなわち、パターンＣに相当）、（３）連続増加時（すなわち、パターンＢに相当）、（４）増加後減少（すなわち、パターンＤに相当）のいずれかのパターンになっていることを判定して、各パターンに対して
（１）連続減少時→充電後のＯＣＶ推定処理実施により、想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定、
（２）減少後一定→最終電圧値を開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定、
（３）連続増加時→放電後のＯＣＶ推定処理実施により、想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定、
（４）増加後減少→電圧最大値から減少する区間にて充電後のＯＣＶ推定処理実施により、想定開回路電圧Ｅを開回路電圧Ｅ0 と推定、
する開回路電圧推定処理を行うことにより、充放電終了後の開回路電圧変動が、単純増加や単純減少でない場合でも、平衡状態の開回路電圧を精度良く推定することができる。 Thus, in the present invention, the voltage transition is sampled for a certain period of time after the vehicle is stopped, and the behavior of the open circuit voltage is (1) when continuously decreasing (that is, corresponding to pattern A), (2) constant after decreasing. (I.e., equivalent to pattern C), (3) at the time of continuous increase (i.e., equivalent to pattern B), or (4) a decrease after increase (i.e., equivalent to pattern D) Then, for each pattern (1) at the time of continuous decrease → by performing OCV estimation processing after charging, the estimated open circuit voltage E is estimated as the open circuit voltage E 0 ,
(2) Constant after decrease → Estimated final voltage value as open circuit voltage E 0 ,
(3) When continuously increasing → Estimating the open circuit voltage E as the open circuit voltage E 0 by performing the OCV estimation process after discharge,
(4) Decrease after increase → Estimate the open circuit voltage E to be the open circuit voltage E 0 by performing the OCV estimation process after charging in the interval from the maximum voltage value.
By performing the open circuit voltage estimation process, the open circuit voltage in an equilibrium state can be accurately estimated even if the open circuit voltage fluctuation after the end of charge / discharge is not a simple increase or simple decrease.

以上の通り、本発明の実施形態について説明したが、本発明はこれに限らず、種々の変形、応用が可能である。   As mentioned above, although embodiment of this invention was described, this invention is not limited to this, A various deformation | transformation and application are possible.

（Ａ）および（Ｂ）は、それぞれ、本発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置の第１および第２の基本構成を示すブロック図である。(A) And (B) is a block diagram which respectively shows the 1st and 2nd basic composition of the open circuit voltage estimation apparatus of the battery of this invention. 本発明のバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法を適用した本発明の一実施形態に係るバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置の概略構成を一部ブロックにて示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the schematic structure of the open circuit voltage estimation apparatus of the battery which concerns on one Embodiment of this invention to which the open circuit voltage estimation method of the present invention is applied with a partial block. 図２中のマイコンがバッテリの開回路電圧推定のため予め定めたプログラムに従って行う処理を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the process which the microcomputer in FIG. 2 performs according to a predetermined program for the open circuit voltage estimation of a battery. 図３のフローチャート中のステップＳ５，Ｓ８，Ｓ９で実行されるサブルーチンを示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows the subroutine performed by step S5, S8, S9 in the flowchart of FIG. 充電終了後のバッテリの開放電圧の変化（パターンＡ）を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change (pattern A) of the open circuit voltage of the battery after completion | finish of charge. 従来の開回路電圧推定方法を説明するために使用するグラフである。It is a graph used in order to demonstrate the conventional open circuit voltage estimation method. 従来の開回路電圧推定方法を説明するために使用する他のグラフである。It is another graph used in order to demonstrate the conventional open circuit voltage estimation method. 放電終了後のバッテリの開放電圧の変化（パターンＢ）を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the change (pattern B) of the open circuit voltage of the battery after completion | finish of discharge. 充電終了後のバッテリの開放電圧の他の変化（パターンＣ）を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the other change (pattern C) of the open circuit voltage of the battery after completion | finish of charge. 放電終了後のバッテリの開放電圧の他の変化（パターンＤ）を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the other change (pattern D) of the open circuit voltage of the battery after completion | finish of discharge.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

２３ａ−１ 開放電圧測定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−２ 開放電圧推移判定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−３ 開回路電圧推定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−４ 第１の開回路電圧推定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−５ 第２の開回路電圧推定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−６ 第３の開回路電圧推定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ａ−７ 第４の開回路電圧推定手段（ＣＰＵ）
２３ｂ 開放電圧収集手段（ＲＡＭ） 23a-1 Open-circuit voltage measuring means (CPU)
23a-2 Open-circuit voltage transition determination means (CPU)
23a-3 Open circuit voltage estimation means (CPU)
23a-4 First open circuit voltage estimation means (CPU)
23a-5 2nd open circuit voltage estimation means (CPU)
23a-6 Third open circuit voltage estimating means (CPU)
23a-7 4th open circuit voltage estimation means (CPU)
23b Open voltage collection means (RAM)

Claims (8)

負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、
充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、
開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、
開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する開回路電圧推定ステップと
を含むことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring step for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging is completed,
An open-circuit voltage collection step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measurement step;
An open-circuit voltage transition determination step for determining a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collection step;
An open circuit voltage estimation method for a battery, comprising: an open circuit voltage estimation step for estimating a final sampling voltage as an open circuit voltage when the determination result in the open voltage transition determination step is constant after the decrease. 負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、
放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、
開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、
開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する開回路電圧推定ステップとを含み、
前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行う
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring step for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after the discharge is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collection step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measurement step;
An open-circuit voltage transition determination step for determining a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collection step;
If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination step is a decrease after increase, an open-circuit voltage estimation process after charging is performed to estimate the open-circuit voltage in a section where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. Circuit voltage estimation step,
The open circuit voltage estimation process determines a predetermined power approximation expression whose power is negative based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage, and the power approximation expression of the determined power approximation expression Until the number reaches −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the determination of the power approximation is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power number is −0.5. Or a process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage when it becomes approximately −0.5 as an open circuit voltage. An open circuit voltage estimation method for a battery, comprising: 負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法であって、
充電または放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定ステップと、
開放電圧測定ステップで測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集ステップと、
開放電圧収集ステップで収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、連続減少の場合は、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第１の開回路電圧推定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する第２の開回路電圧推定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、連続増加の場合は、放電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第３の開回路電圧推定ステップと、
開放電圧推移判定ステップでの判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第４の開回路電圧推定ステップとを含み、
前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行う
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定方法。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation method for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring step for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging or discharging is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collection step for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured in the open-circuit voltage measurement step;
An open-circuit voltage transition determination step for determining a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected in the open-circuit voltage collection step;
A first open circuit voltage estimation step of estimating an open circuit voltage by executing an open circuit voltage estimation process after charging when the determination result in the open circuit voltage transition determination step is a continuous decrease;
If the determination result in the open circuit voltage transition determination step is constant after the decrease, a second open circuit voltage estimation step that estimates the final voltage of sampling as an open circuit voltage;
If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination step is a continuous increase, a third open-circuit voltage estimation step for executing an open-circuit voltage estimation process after discharge to estimate the open-circuit voltage;
If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination step is a decrease after increase, the open-circuit voltage estimation process after charging is performed to estimate the open-circuit voltage in a section where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. 4 open circuit voltage estimation steps,
The open circuit voltage estimation process determines a predetermined power approximation expression whose power is negative based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage, and the power approximation expression of the determined power approximation expression Until the number reaches −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the determination of the power approximation is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power number is −0.5. Or a process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage when it becomes approximately −0.5 as an open circuit voltage. An open circuit voltage estimation method for a battery, comprising: 負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、
充電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段と、
開放電圧測定手段で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段と、
開放電圧収集手段で収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する開回路電圧推定手段と、
を備えたことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation device for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring means for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collecting means for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means;
An open-circuit voltage transition judging means for judging a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means;
If the determination result in the open-circuit voltage transition determination means is constant after the decrease, an open-circuit voltage estimation means that estimates the final voltage of sampling as an open-circuit voltage;
An open circuit voltage estimation device for a battery, comprising: 負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、
放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段と、
開放電圧測定手段で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段と、
開放電圧収集手段で収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する開回路電圧推定手段とを備え、
前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行う
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation device for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring means for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after the discharge is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collecting means for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means;
An open-circuit voltage transition judging means for judging a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means;
If the determination result by the open-circuit voltage transition determination means is a decrease after increase, an open-circuit voltage estimation process after charging is performed to estimate the open-circuit voltage in a section where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. Circuit voltage estimation means,
The open circuit voltage estimation process determines a predetermined power approximation expression whose power is negative based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage, and the power approximation expression of the determined power approximation expression Until the number reaches −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the determination of the power approximation is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power number is −0.5. Or a process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage when it becomes approximately −0.5 as an open circuit voltage. 負荷に電力を供給するバッテリの開回路電圧を推定するバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置であって、
充電または放電が終了した後、バッテリの開放電圧を所定のサンプリング周期で所定期間の間測定する開放電圧測定手段と、
開放電圧測定手段で測定した開放電圧を収集する開放電圧収集手段と、
開放電圧収集手段で収集した開放電圧の推移を判定する開放電圧推移判定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、連続減少の場合は、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第１の開回路電圧推定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、減少後一定の場合は、サンプリングの最終電圧を開回路電圧と推定する第２の開回路電圧推定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、連続増加の場合は、放電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第３の開回路電圧推定手段と、
開放電圧推移判定手段での判定結果が、増加後減少の場合は、最大電圧到達後から電圧減少している区間で、充電後の開回路電圧推定処理を実行して開回路電圧を推定する第４の開回路電圧推定手段とを備え、
前記開回路電圧推定処理は、測定した開放電圧と、想定した想定開回路電圧との差値により、べき数が負である予め定めた累乗近似式を決定し、該決定した累乗近似式のべき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となるまで、前記累乗近似式の決定を前記想定開回路電圧を更新しながら繰り返し実行し、前記べき数が−０．５となるか、または、略−０．５となったときの前記想定開回路電圧を開回路電圧と推定する処理を行う
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置。 A battery open circuit voltage estimation device for estimating an open circuit voltage of a battery that supplies power to a load,
An open-circuit voltage measuring means for measuring the open-circuit voltage of the battery for a predetermined period at a predetermined sampling period after charging or discharging is completed;
An open-circuit voltage collecting means for collecting the open-circuit voltage measured by the open-circuit voltage measuring means;
An open-circuit voltage transition judging means for judging a transition of the open-circuit voltage collected by the open-circuit voltage collecting means;
A first open circuit voltage estimating means for estimating an open circuit voltage by executing an open circuit voltage estimation process after charging when the determination result in the open circuit voltage transition determining means is a continuous decrease;
A second open circuit voltage estimating means for estimating a final voltage of sampling as an open circuit voltage when the determination result in the open voltage transition determining means is constant after the decrease;
A third open circuit voltage estimating means for estimating an open circuit voltage by executing an open circuit voltage estimation process after discharging when the determination result by the open circuit voltage transition determining means is a continuous increase;
If the determination result by the open-circuit voltage transition determination means is a decrease after increase, the open-circuit voltage estimation process after charging is performed to estimate the open-circuit voltage in a section where the voltage decreases after reaching the maximum voltage. 4 open circuit voltage estimation means,
The open circuit voltage estimation process determines a predetermined power approximation expression whose power is negative based on a difference value between the measured open circuit voltage and an assumed open circuit voltage, and the power approximation expression of the determined power approximation expression Until the number reaches −0.5 or approximately −0.5, the determination of the power approximation is repeatedly performed while updating the assumed open circuit voltage, and the power number is −0.5. Or a process of estimating the assumed open circuit voltage when it becomes approximately −0.5 as an open circuit voltage. 請求項５または６記載のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置において、
前記測定した開放電圧が充電終了後のものであるとき、時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとしたとき、前記累乗近似式がα・ｔD で表される
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置。 In the battery open circuit voltage estimation apparatus according to claim 5 or 6,
When the measured open circuit voltage is after charging, when the time is t, the unknown coefficient is α, and the unknown negative power is D , the power approximation is expressed by α · t D. An open circuit voltage estimation device for a battery. 請求項６記載のバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置において、
前記測定した開放電圧が放電終了後のものであるとき、前記累乗近似式を決定するための前記差値は、前記測定した開放電圧から前記想定した想定開回路電圧を減算した値の絶対値であり、時間をｔ、未知の係数をα、未知の負のべき数をＤとすると、前記累乗近似式が α・ｔD で表される
ことを特徴とするバッテリの開回路電圧推定装置。 The open circuit voltage estimation device for a battery according to claim 6,
When the measured open circuit voltage is after the end of discharge, the difference value for determining the power approximation is an absolute value obtained by subtracting the assumed open circuit voltage from the measured open circuit voltage. An open circuit voltage estimation device for a battery, wherein the power approximation equation is represented by α · t D , where t is time, α is an unknown coefficient, and D is an unknown negative power.
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