JP2007107970A - Method of measuring asbestos - Google Patents

Method of measuring asbestos Download PDF

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JP2007107970A
JP2007107970A JP2005297990A JP2005297990A JP2007107970A JP 2007107970 A JP2007107970 A JP 2007107970A JP 2005297990 A JP2005297990 A JP 2005297990A JP 2005297990 A JP2005297990 A JP 2005297990A JP 2007107970 A JP2007107970 A JP 2007107970A
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asbestos
electrode
atmosphere
collection
dust
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Shinichiro Totoki
慎一郎 十時
Ikuo Takahashi
育雄 高橋
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Shimadzu Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of measuring asbestos capable of shortening greatly a time required for measurement by simplifying greatly a pretreatment, in comparison with a conventional method. <P>SOLUTION: A discharge electrode 3 and a translucent dust-collection electrode 4 at least whose surface has conductivity are arranged in a collection container 1. In the state where a potential difference is applied between both electrodes, the atmosphere is sucked into the collection container 1, and suspended matter P including asbestos in the atmosphere is charged by single-pole ions generated from the discharge electrode 3 and collected onto the dust-collection electrode 4, and the suspended matter P on the dust-collection electrode 4 is observed by a microscope by applying a dispersive dyeing analysis method, to thereby discriminate and count the asbestos. A pretreatment such as filter ashing is not required, and a time required for measurement is shortened in comparison with the conventional method using a filter. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明はアスベスト（石綿）の測定方法に関し、更に詳しくは、短い所要時間で雰囲気中に含まれるアスベストの数および／または濃度を知ることのできる測定方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for measuring asbestos (asbestos), and more particularly, to a method for measuring the number and / or concentration of asbestos contained in an atmosphere in a short time.

アスベスト（石綿）は、天然に算する繊維状けい酸塩鉱物であり、ＩＬＯ（国際労働機構）などの国際機関では次の６つのものをアスベストと定義している。すなわち、クリソタイル（白石綿）、アモサイド、クロシドライト（青石綿）、アンソフィライト、トレモライト、アクチノライトである。石綿繊維を吸入すると、石綿肺、石綿肺ガン、悪性中皮腫などを発症するおそれがあるなど、健康に対する影響があることが知られている。   Asbestos (asbestos) is a naturally occurring fibrous silicate mineral. International organizations such as the ILO (International Labor Organization) define the following six as asbestos. That is, chrysotile (white asbestos), amoside, crocidolite (blue asbestos), anthophyllite, tremolite, actinolite. Inhalation of asbestos fibers is known to have health effects such as the risk of developing asbestosis, asbestosis, malignant mesothelioma, and the like.

雰囲気中に浮遊するアスベストの測定方法、より具体的には、アスベストの分別計数分析方法としては、分散染色分析法が用いられている。   As a method for measuring asbestos floating in the atmosphere, more specifically, as a method for fractional counting analysis of asbestos, a dispersion staining analysis method is used.

分散染色分析法は、屈折率が光の波長によって変化する性質（分散）を利用して、試料中の粒子を光学的に着色させて目的の粒子を選別する方法である。特定の屈性率を持つ浸液にアスベストを浸し、位相差顕微鏡もしくは偏光顕微鏡で観察すると、アスベストと浸液の屈折率の関係からアスベストは特有の分散色を示す。アスベストの屈折率はその種類により異なることから、屈折率の異なる浸液を用いることで、分散色の違いからアスベストの種類を特定して計数することができる。この分散染色分析法を用いた従来のアスベストの測定方法として、図５にＡ〜Ｅで大略を示す手順が採用されている（例えば非特許文献１参照）。   The dispersion dyeing analysis method is a method of selecting target particles by optically coloring particles in a sample by utilizing a property (dispersion) in which the refractive index changes depending on the wavelength of light. When asbestos is immersed in an immersion liquid having a specific refractive index and observed with a phase-contrast microscope or a polarizing microscope, asbestos shows a unique dispersive color due to the relationship between the refractive index of asbestos and the immersion liquid. Since the refractive index of asbestos varies depending on the type, the type of asbestos can be specified and counted from the difference in dispersion color by using immersion liquids having different refractive indexes. As a conventional method for measuring asbestos using this disperse dyeing analysis method, a procedure generally indicated by A to E in FIG. 5 is employed (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1).

すわなち、まず、雰囲気中のアスベストをフィルタでサンプリングする（Ａ）。このサンプリングに用いるフィルタは、規定の直径の採じん面を有し、平均孔径（ポアサイズ）が０．８〜１．２μｍのセルローズエステル・白色メンブランフィルタとされる。このフィルタを密閉容器内に配置し、その密閉容器内に吸引ポンプにより雰囲気を吸引してフィルタを通過させ、雰囲気中のアスベストを含む浮遊物質をフィルタに付着させる。   That is, first, asbestos in the atmosphere is sampled with a filter (A). The filter used for this sampling is a cellulose ester / white membrane filter having a picking surface with a specified diameter and an average pore size (pore size) of 0.8 to 1.2 μm. This filter is disposed in a sealed container, and the atmosphere is sucked into the sealed container by a suction pump and allowed to pass through the filter, so that suspended substances including asbestos in the atmosphere are attached to the filter.

次に、フィルタをスライドガラス上に載せアセトン蒸気で固定・透明化する（Ｂ）。次いでプラズマリアクタ（低温灰化装置）により灰化処理を行い（Ｃ）、フィルタだけを焼却処理して除去する。その後、適当な浸液を滴下し（Ｄ）、分散対物レンズ付きの位相差顕微鏡によりアスベストを計数分析する（Ｅ）。
平成１６年７月２８日社団法人日本作業環境測定協会発行「繊維状物質測定マニュアル」 Next, the filter is placed on a slide glass and fixed and transparentized with acetone vapor (B). Next, ashing is performed by a plasma reactor (low temperature ashing apparatus) (C), and only the filter is incinerated and removed. Thereafter, an appropriate immersion liquid is dropped (D), and asbestos is counted and analyzed with a phase contrast microscope equipped with a dispersion objective lens (E).
July 28, 2004 "Fibrous Substance Measurement Manual" published by Japan Working Environment Measurement Association

ところで、以上のような従来のアスベストの測定方法においては、位相差顕微鏡等を用いた計数分析に先立ち、浮遊物質を捕集したフィルタをスライドガラス上に載せてアセトン蒸気で固定・透明化した後、プラズマリアクタによる灰化処理を行うことでフィルタを取り除く前処理が必要である。特にプラズマリアクタによる灰化処理に４〜６時間が必要であり、分析に時間を要するという問題がある。   By the way, in the conventional asbestos measurement method as described above, prior to counting analysis using a phase-contrast microscope or the like, a filter that collects suspended solids is placed on a glass slide and fixed with acetone vapor and made transparent. In addition, a pretreatment for removing the filter by performing an ashing treatment by a plasma reactor is necessary. In particular, the ashing treatment by the plasma reactor requires 4 to 6 hours, and there is a problem that it takes time for the analysis.

本発明はこのような実情に鑑みてなされたもので、実質的前処理を行うことなく従来と同等の分散染色分析によりアスベストを測定することのできる方法の提供をその課題としている。   The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method capable of measuring asbestos by a disperse dyeing analysis equivalent to the conventional one without performing a substantial pretreatment.

上記の課題を解決するため、本発明のアスベストの測定方法は、捕集容器内に、放電電極と、透光性があり、かつ、少なくとも表面が導電性を有する集塵電極とを配置するとともに、これら両電極間に電位差を付与した状態で、捕集容器内に雰囲気を吸引し、その雰囲気中のアスベストを含む浮遊物質を、上記放電電極で発生させた単極イオンで帯電させて上記集塵電極上に捕集し、その集塵電極上の浮遊物質を分散染色分析法を適用して顕微鏡観察することにより、アスベストを他の浮遊物質と弁別して計数することによって特徴づけられる（請求項１）。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the method for measuring asbestos according to the present invention includes, in a collection container, a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode having translucency and at least a surface having conductivity. In a state where a potential difference is applied between the two electrodes, an atmosphere is sucked into the collection container, and suspended substances containing asbestos in the atmosphere are charged with unipolar ions generated by the discharge electrode, and the collection is performed. It is characterized by discriminating and counting asbestos from other suspended solids by collecting on a dust electrode and observing the suspended solid on the dust collecting electrode by applying a dispersion dyeing analysis method. 1).

ここで、本発明においては、上記捕集容器内に吸引した雰囲気の量および装置に依存する係数を用いて、上記の計数結果から雰囲気中に含まれるアスベスト濃度を算出すること（請求項２）もできる。   Here, in the present invention, the concentration of asbestos contained in the atmosphere is calculated from the counting result using the amount of the atmosphere sucked into the collection container and a coefficient depending on the apparatus (claim 2). You can also.

本発明は、フィルタを用いることなくアスベストを捕集し、捕集したアスベストをそのまま分散染色分析法による測定に供することを可能とすることで、課題を解決しようとするものである。   The present invention intends to solve the problem by collecting asbestos without using a filter and allowing the collected asbestos to be directly subjected to measurement by a dispersion staining analysis method.

すなわち、放電電極と集塵電極を収容した捕集容器内に、雰囲気をポンプにより吸引しつつ、放電電極に高電圧を印加すると、放電電極近傍の空気は電離して単極イオンが発生する。放電電極と集塵電極間には、放電電極により発生した単極イオンが集塵電極へと向かう方向に電位差を与える。放電電極の近傍で発生した単極イオンが集塵電極へと向かう過程で、雰囲気中に含まれる浮遊物質と接触し、浮遊物質が帯電する。帯電した浮遊物質は、放電電極と集塵電極間の電位差により集塵電極へと移動し、集塵電極上に捕集される。   That is, when a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode while the atmosphere is sucked into the collection container containing the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode by a pump, the air near the discharge electrode is ionized and unipolar ions are generated. Between the discharge electrode and the dust collection electrode, a monopolar ion generated by the discharge electrode gives a potential difference in a direction toward the dust collection electrode. In the process of unipolar ions generated in the vicinity of the discharge electrode toward the dust collection electrode, they come into contact with the suspended matter contained in the atmosphere, and the suspended matter is charged. The charged floating substance moves to the dust collecting electrode due to a potential difference between the discharge electrode and the dust collecting electrode, and is collected on the dust collecting electrode.

集塵電極は透光性のあるもの、例えば透明ガラスの表面にＩＴＯ膜等を形成したものを用いているため、表面に浮遊物質を捕集した集塵電極に対して、観察対象となるアスベストに適した浸液を滴下し、そのまま位相差顕微鏡ないしは偏光顕微鏡を用いた分散染色分析法に基づくアスベストの弁別計数を行うことができる。   As the dust collecting electrode is translucent, for example, an ITO film or the like formed on a transparent glass surface, the asbestos to be observed with respect to the dust collecting electrode that collects floating substances on the surface is used. A suitable immersion liquid is dropped, and asbestos discrimination counting based on a dispersion staining analysis method using a phase contrast microscope or a polarizing microscope can be performed as it is.

また、捕集容器に吸引した雰囲気の量は、ポンプの流量とその駆動時間から判るため、請求項２に係る発明のように、その量と、前もって求めておいた装置係数を用いることにより、上記した集塵電極上のアスベストの計数結果から、雰囲気中のアスベスト濃度（個数濃度）を算出することが可能となる。   In addition, since the amount of the atmosphere sucked into the collection container is known from the flow rate of the pump and its driving time, as in the invention according to claim 2, by using the amount and the device coefficient obtained in advance, The asbestos concentration (number concentration) in the atmosphere can be calculated from the counting result of asbestos on the dust collection electrode.

本発明によれば、捕集容器内に吸引される雰囲気中の浮遊物質を、放電電極によって帯電させ、その帯電物質を、放電電極に対して電位差が付与された透光性のある集塵電極上に捕集するので、集塵電極上に捕集された浮遊物質に対して浸液を直接的に滴下させ、そのまま位相差顕微鏡ないしは偏光顕微鏡を用いた分散染色分析法に基づくアスベストの係数を行うことができ、従来のフィルタを用いて捕集する場合に比して、プラズマリアクタを用いたフィルタの除去をはじめとする前処理が大幅に簡素化される。その結果、測定に要する時間を大幅に短縮化することができる。   According to the present invention, the floating substance in the atmosphere sucked into the collection container is charged by the discharge electrode, and the charged substance has a translucent dust collecting electrode to which a potential difference is applied to the discharge electrode. Because it is collected on top, the immersion liquid is dropped directly on the suspended matter collected on the dust collection electrode, and the coefficient of asbestos based on the dispersion staining analysis method using a phase contrast microscope or polarization microscope is used as it is. Compared to the case of collecting using a conventional filter, the pretreatment including removal of the filter using the plasma reactor is greatly simplified. As a result, the time required for measurement can be greatly shortened.

以下、図面を参照しつつ本発明の実施の形態について述べる。
図１は本発明の実施の形態の測定手順の説明図であり、図２は同じく本発明の実施の形態において用いる機器の構成図である。 Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings.
FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of a measurement procedure according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of equipment used in the embodiment of the present invention.

この実施の形態においては、図１に示すように、図２の装置を用いて集塵電極４上にアスベストを含む雰囲気中の浮遊物質を捕集し（ａ）、その集塵電極４上の浮遊物質に対して直接的に浸液を滴下し（ｂ）、直ちに位相差顕微鏡によりアスベストの計数分析を行う（ｃ）。   In this embodiment, as shown in FIG. 1, suspended matter in an atmosphere containing asbestos is collected on the dust collection electrode 4 using the apparatus of FIG. The immersion liquid is dropped directly on the suspended matter (b), and the asbestos is counted and analyzed immediately using a phase contrast microscope (c).

図２に示すように、捕集装置１０は、捕集容器１と、その内部に雰囲気を吸引するためのポンプ２、捕集容器１内に配置された放電電極３と集塵電極４、これらの各電極に電圧を付与するための電源５，６を主体として構成されている。   As shown in FIG. 2, the collection device 10 includes a collection container 1, a pump 2 for sucking an atmosphere in the collection container 1, a discharge electrode 3 and a dust collection electrode 4 arranged in the collection container 1, these The power sources 5 and 6 for applying a voltage to each of the electrodes are mainly configured.

捕集容器１は着脱自在の蓋体１ａを備えるとともに、雰囲気の流入口１ｂとポンプ２の吸引口に連通する連通口１ｃが形成されている。放電電極３は、この例において多数本のワイヤを束ねた茶筅状をしており、電源５によって高電圧が印加される。そして、集塵電極４は、例えばスライドガラスを基体とし、その表面にＩＴＯや二酸化スズなどの導電性の透明コーティングを施した構造を有している。この集塵電極４は、この例では電源６により、放電電極３に対して極性は同じであるものの電位差が付与されている。また、集塵電極４は取り外しが可能となっており、蓋体１ａを開けることによって簡単に捕集容器１外に取り出すことができるようになっている。   The collection container 1 includes a detachable lid 1 a and a communication port 1 c that communicates with the atmosphere inlet 1 b and the suction port of the pump 2. In this example, the discharge electrode 3 has a bowl shape in which a large number of wires are bundled, and a high voltage is applied by the power source 5. The dust collection electrode 4 has a structure in which, for example, a slide glass is used as a base and a conductive transparent coating such as ITO or tin dioxide is applied to the surface thereof. In this example, the dust collecting electrode 4 is provided with a potential difference of the same polarity as that of the discharge electrode 3 by the power source 6. The dust collecting electrode 4 can be removed, and can be easily taken out of the collecting container 1 by opening the lid 1a.

以上の捕集装置１０において、蓋体１ａを装着した状態でポンプ２を駆動して、流入口１ｂから雰囲気を捕集容器１内に送り込みつつ、放電電極３に高電圧を印加すると、その近傍の空気が電離して単極イオンが発生し、捕集容器１内に送り込まれた雰囲気中の浮遊物質Ｐはその単極イオンと接触して帯電し、放電電極３と集塵電極４の電位差により集塵電極４に向けて移動し、集塵電極４上に捕集される。   In the above collection device 10, when the pump 2 is driven in a state where the lid 1a is mounted and an atmosphere is sent into the collection container 1 from the inlet 1b and a high voltage is applied to the discharge electrode 3, its vicinity The air is ionized to generate unipolar ions, and the suspended matter P in the atmosphere sent into the collection container 1 is charged by contact with the unipolar ions, and the potential difference between the discharge electrode 3 and the dust collection electrode 4 Moves toward the dust collecting electrode 4 and is collected on the dust collecting electrode 4.

以上の動作を規定時間だけ継続した後、浮遊物質Ｐがその上面に捕集された集塵電極４を捕集容器１外に取り出し、その上面に観察すべきアスベストの屈折率に適した浸液を滴下し、図２に示すように、その上からカバーガラス３１を被せ、位相差顕微鏡もしくは偏光顕微鏡３０の観察に供することにより、従来と同様に分散色並びに粒子形状からアスベストの数を計数する。   After the above operation is continued for a specified time, the dust collecting electrode 4 on which the suspended matter P is collected on the upper surface is taken out of the collecting container 1 and the immersion liquid suitable for the refractive index of asbestos to be observed on the upper surface. As shown in FIG. 2, the number of asbestos is counted from the disperse color and the particle shape in the same manner as in the past by covering with a cover glass 31 and observing with a phase-contrast microscope or polarizing microscope 30 as shown in FIG. .

また、ポンプ２の単位時間当たりの流量と、その駆動時間とから、捕集容器１内に送り込んだ大気の総量を把握することができ、その総量と、捕集装置１０に依存する係数を用いることで、上記のようにして計数したアスベストの数から、単位堆積当たりの雰囲気中のアスベスト濃度（個数濃度）を計算することができる。ここで、装置に依存する計数は、例えば、あらかじめフィルタを使用した従来の方法と比較して算出することができる。   Further, the total amount of air sent into the collection container 1 can be grasped from the flow rate per unit time of the pump 2 and the driving time thereof, and a coefficient depending on the total amount and the collection device 10 is used. Thus, the asbestos concentration (number concentration) in the atmosphere per unit deposition can be calculated from the number of asbestos counted as described above. Here, the count depending on the apparatus can be calculated in comparison with, for example, a conventional method using a filter in advance.

以上の本発明の実施の形態によると、雰囲気中のアスベストを含む浮遊物質は集塵電極４上に捕集され、補修後に浸液を滴下してカバーガラスを被せることにより、直ちに位相差顕微鏡や偏光顕微鏡を用いた分散染色分析法に基づくアスベストの弁別計数を行うことができ、図５に示した従来のフィルタを用いた方法に比して、その前処理を大幅に簡素化することができ、分析ないしは測定に要する時間を大幅に短縮化することができる。   According to the above embodiment of the present invention, the suspended matter containing asbestos in the atmosphere is collected on the dust collecting electrode 4, and after the repair, the immersion liquid is dropped and covered with the cover glass, so that the phase contrast microscope or Asbestos discrimination counting based on dispersion staining analysis using a polarizing microscope can be performed, and the pretreatment can be greatly simplified as compared with the method using the conventional filter shown in FIG. The time required for analysis or measurement can be greatly shortened.

なお、捕集装置１０の放電電極３の形態は、図２に示したようなものに限られることなく、図３，図４に例示するような棒状の放電電極３′を用いることができ、また、集塵電極４に対する電圧の印加の仕方についても、図３に示すように放電電極３と共に接地電位からはフローティング状態としたり、あるいは図４に示すように、集塵電極４を接地電位とするなどの変形が可能であることは勿論である。また、図３、図４に示すように、捕集容器１の蓋体１ａを取り外し、その部分から雰囲気を導入してもよいことは言うまでもない。   The form of the discharge electrode 3 of the collection device 10 is not limited to that shown in FIG. 2, and a rod-like discharge electrode 3 ′ illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4 can be used. Also, with respect to the method of applying a voltage to the dust collection electrode 4, the discharge electrode 3 and the ground potential are brought into a floating state as shown in FIG. 3, or the dust collection electrode 4 is set to the ground potential as shown in FIG. Of course, it is possible to make modifications such as. Moreover, as shown in FIG. 3, FIG. 4, it cannot be overemphasized that the cover body 1a of the collection container 1 may be removed and an atmosphere may be introduce | transduced from the part.

本発明の実施の形態の測定手順の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the measurement procedure of embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態において用いる機器の構成図である。It is a block diagram of the apparatus used in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態において用いる捕集装置の他の構成例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the other structural example of the collection apparatus used in embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施の形態において用いる捕集装置の更に他の構成例の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the further another structural example of the collection apparatus used in embodiment of this invention. 分散染色分析法に基づく従来のアスベストの分析方法の大略の手順の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the outline procedure of the analysis method of the conventional asbestos based on a disperse dyeing | staining analysis method.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 捕集容器
１ａ 蓋体
１ｂ 流入口
１ｃ 連通口
２ ポンプ
３ 放電電極
４ 集塵電極
３０ 位相差顕微鏡もしくは偏光顕微鏡
３１ カバーガラス
Ｐ 浮遊物質 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Collection container 1a Lid 1b Inlet 1c Communication port 2 Pump 3 Discharge electrode 4 Dust collection electrode 30 Phase contrast microscope or polarizing microscope 31 Cover glass P Floating substance

Claims (2)

捕集容器内に、放電電極と、透光性があり、かつ、少なくとも表面が導電性を有する集塵電極とを配置するとともに、これら両電極間に電位差を付与した状態で、捕集容器内に雰囲気を吸引し、その雰囲気中のアスベストを含む浮遊物質を、上記放電電極で発生させた単極イオンで帯電させて上記集塵電極上に捕集し、その集塵電極上の浮遊物質を分散染色分析法を適用して顕微鏡観察することにより、アスベストを他の浮遊物質と弁別して計数することを特徴とするアスベストの測定方法。   In the collection container, a discharge electrode and a dust collection electrode that is translucent and at least the surface is conductive are disposed, and a potential difference is applied between the two electrodes. The air is sucked into the atmosphere, and the suspended matter containing asbestos in the atmosphere is charged with the unipolar ions generated by the discharge electrode and collected on the dust collecting electrode, and the suspended material on the dust collecting electrode is collected. A method for measuring asbestos, characterized in that asbestos is discriminated from other suspended substances and counted by microscopic observation using a dispersion staining analysis method. 上記捕集容器内に吸引した雰囲気の量および装置に依存する係数を用いて、上記計数結果から雰囲気中に含まれるアスベスト濃度を算出することを特徴とする請求項１に記載のアスベストの測定方法。   The method for measuring asbestos according to claim 1, wherein the concentration of asbestos contained in the atmosphere is calculated from the counting result using an amount of the atmosphere sucked into the collection container and a coefficient depending on the apparatus. .
JP2005297990A 2005-10-12 2005-10-12 Method of measuring asbestos Pending JP2007107970A (en)

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