JP2007101770A - Image forming apparatus - Google Patents

Image forming apparatus Download PDF

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JP2007101770A
JP2007101770A JP2005289613A JP2005289613A JP2007101770A JP 2007101770 A JP2007101770 A JP 2007101770A JP 2005289613 A JP2005289613 A JP 2005289613A JP 2005289613 A JP2005289613 A JP 2005289613A JP 2007101770 A JP2007101770 A JP 2007101770A
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developing
state
driving force
image carrier
driving
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Hideaki Kibune
英明 木船
Nobuyuki Yanagawa
信之 柳川
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Ricoh Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image forming apparatus preventing influence onto an image caused by a switching action of developing color, achieving down-sizing, lowering of cost and making an output image high in quality, assuring transmitting of driving force from a driving means to a developing means and carrying out a stable developing action. <P>SOLUTION: The image forming apparatus includes a cam member with a cam abutting surface which always restricts movement of a developing means in a moving direction due to energizing force of an energizing means energizing to one of the moving directions of the developing means. The cam abutting surface also varies spacing between each developing means and a photoreceptor in a position; when the spacing between one of the developing means and the photoreceptor is in a developing state and the spacing between another developing means and the photoreceptor is in a non-developing state, and; when the spacing between the another developing means and the photoreceptor is in the developing state and the spacing between the one of the developing means and the photoreceptor is in the non-developing state. The cam member is provided on both ends in the rotating shaft direction on a shaft in parallel to a rotating shaft of the photoreceptor. The cam member has a position in which both one/another developing means and the photoreceptor are in the developing state located in between: a position in which the spacing between one of the developing means and the photoreceptor is in the developing state and the spacing between the other developing means and the photoreceptor are in a non-developing state; and a position in which the spacing between the other developing means and the photoreceptor are in the developing state and the other developing means and the photoreceptor are in the non-developing state, due to revolution of the cam member. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は画像形成装置に関し、詳細には複写機、ファクシミリ、プリンタ等の画像形成装置であって、異なった色の現像剤が収容される複数の現像ユニットに具備された複数の現像ローラを切り換えて現像する現像装置の機構に関する。   The present invention relates to an image forming apparatus, and more particularly, to an image forming apparatus such as a copying machine, a facsimile machine, and a printer, and switches a plurality of developing rollers provided in a plurality of developing units that store different color developers. The present invention relates to a mechanism of a developing device that performs development.

中間転写体上に形成した複数色画像を記録材に転写・出力する画像形成装置として、画像担持体である感光体ドラムの回りに潜像形成手段と複数の現像手段を配置した画像形成ユニットを複数設け、それぞれの画像形成ユニットで形成した可視像を、順次、単一の中間転写体上に重ね転写することにより複数色画像を得る装置が特許文献1、特許文献2、特許文献3に提案されている。   As an image forming apparatus for transferring and outputting a multi-color image formed on an intermediate transfer member to a recording material, an image forming unit in which a latent image forming unit and a plurality of developing units are arranged around a photosensitive drum as an image carrier. Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2, and Patent Document 3 disclose an apparatus that obtains a plurality of color images by sequentially transferring a plurality of visible images formed by respective image forming units onto a single intermediate transfer member. Proposed.

一方、4色のフルカラー画像を形成する場合、単一の画像担持体、中間転写体を用いる方式においては、画像担持体である感光体ドラムの周りに4つの現像手段を配置する必要があり、かつ中間転写体を4回転する必要がある。これに対して、上述の方式の画像形成装置においては、画像担持体の周りに配置する現像手段が2つであり、中間転写体2回転でのフルカラー画像形成が可能であるため、画像担持体である感光体ドラムの小型化/小径化及び装置高速化が可能である。特に、特許文献2及び特許文献3においては、2つの現像ローラを、感光体ドラムの回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に現像ユニットに配設し、現像ユニットを感光体ドラムの回転軸と略平行な回動軸を中心に回動可能に画像形成ユニットに支持させ、現像ユニットを画像形成ユニットに対して所定の回動角だけ回動して、2つの現像ローラのうちの一方の現像ローラと感光体ドラムとの間隔を現像状態の位置に切り替える現像機能切替手段を有する画像形成装置が提示されている。これらの従来例においては、現像ユニットの回動により、感光体と現像ローラの間隔(現像ギャップ)を切り替えると同時に、駆動歯車と現像ローラ歯車の駆動力伝達状態を切り替えることがでるため、小型低コストで、確実な現像機能切替が実現できるとしている。   On the other hand, in the case of forming a full-color image of four colors, in the method using a single image carrier and intermediate transfer member, it is necessary to arrange four developing means around the photosensitive drum as the image carrier, In addition, the intermediate transfer member needs to be rotated four times. On the other hand, in the image forming apparatus of the above-described type, there are two developing units arranged around the image carrier, and a full color image can be formed with two rotations of the intermediate transfer member. It is possible to reduce the size / diameter of the photosensitive drum and to increase the speed of the apparatus. In particular, in Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3, two developing rollers are disposed in the developing unit so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the photosensitive drum, and the developing unit is rotated about the rotating shaft of the photosensitive drum. The image forming unit is supported so as to be rotatable about a rotation axis substantially parallel to the image forming unit, and the developing unit is rotated by a predetermined rotation angle with respect to the image forming unit, and one of the two developing rollers is rotated. There has been proposed an image forming apparatus having a developing function switching means for switching a distance between a developing roller and a photosensitive drum to a developing state position. In these conventional examples, by rotating the developing unit, the distance between the photosensitive member and the developing roller (developing gap) can be switched, and at the same time, the driving force transmission state of the driving gear and the developing roller gear can be switched. It is said that reliable development function switching can be realized at low cost.

更に、特許文献4では、白黒画像出力時に、Bk色現像ローラを含まない側の画像形成ユニットの2つの現像ローラを非動作状態とするための構成が提案されている。この特許文献4においては、不要な現像剤接触による感光体膜の磨耗・劣化、そして不要な攪拌による現像剤の磨耗・劣化を防止でき、感光体及び現像剤の長寿命化によりランニングコストの低コスト化、環境負荷低減化が可能な画像形成装置が実現できるとしている。   Further, Patent Document 4 proposes a configuration for disabling the two developing rollers of the image forming unit on the side not including the Bk color developing roller at the time of monochrome image output. In this Patent Document 4, it is possible to prevent the wear and deterioration of the photoreceptor film due to unnecessary developer contact, and the wear and deterioration of the developer due to unnecessary stirring, and to reduce the running cost by extending the life of the photoreceptor and developer. It is said that an image forming apparatus capable of reducing cost and reducing environmental burden can be realized.

しかし、このような、2つの現像ローラを、感光体ドラムの回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に現像ユニットに配設し、現像ユニットを感光体ドラムの回転軸と略平行な回動軸を中心に回動可能に画像形成ユニットに支持させ、現像ユニットを画像形成ユニットに対して所定の回動角だけ回動して、2つの現像ローラのうちの一方の現像ローラと感光体ドラムとの間隔を現像状態の位置に切り替える現像機能切替手段を有する画像形成装置には次のような問題がある。それは、2つの現像ローラ及び感光体ドラムの回転中心軸、画像形成ユニットの回動中心軸のそれぞれの平行度は部品精度により規定され、特に2つの現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間には多くの部品が介在するため、部品精度で平行度を確保することは困難であり、現像ギャップを高精度に規定できない。   However, such two developing rollers are disposed in the developing unit so as to be rotatable around an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the photosensitive drum, and the developing unit is rotated substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the photosensitive drum. An image forming unit is rotatably supported about an axis, and the developing unit is rotated by a predetermined rotation angle with respect to the image forming unit, so that one of the two developing rollers and the photosensitive drum are rotated. The image forming apparatus having the developing function switching means for switching the interval to the developing state position has the following problems. The parallelism of the rotation center axis of the two developing rollers and the photosensitive drum and the rotation center axis of the image forming unit are determined by the accuracy of the parts, and in particular, there are many between the two developing rollers and the photosensitive drum. Since parts are present, it is difficult to ensure parallelism with parts accuracy, and the development gap cannot be defined with high accuracy.

そこで、特許文献3では、画像形成ユニット両側板に当接するカム部材に調整機構を設け、現像切替動作における回動角を画像形成ユニット両側板で任意に調整可能とすることにより、現像ローラと感光体ドラムの平行度ずれを吸収するよう構成されている。しかし、調整機構の付加は装置大型化、コスト上昇を招くとともに、カム部材の調整により吸収可能な平行度ずれには限りがあり、ある程度の部品高精度化は必要となることから、コスト削減の障害となっている。また、現像ローラには駆動伝達歯車からの駆動力が働き、現像ローラを支持する現像ユニットハウジングの剛性が不足すると、駆動力により、感光体ドラムと現像ローラの平行度がずれ、現像ギャップが変動してしまう。現像ユニットハウジングの高剛性化でこれを防止することは困難であるとともに、現像ユニットハウジングの大幅な高剛性化はコスト削減の大きな障害となる。   Therefore, in Patent Document 3, an adjustment mechanism is provided on the cam member that contacts both side plates of the image forming unit, and the rotation angle in the development switching operation can be arbitrarily adjusted by both side plates of the image forming unit. It is configured to absorb the parallelism deviation of the body drum. However, the addition of an adjustment mechanism leads to an increase in the size of the device and an increase in cost, and there is a limit to the parallelism deviation that can be absorbed by adjusting the cam member. It is an obstacle. In addition, when the driving force from the drive transmission gear acts on the developing roller and the rigidity of the developing unit housing that supports the developing roller is insufficient, the parallelism between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller is shifted due to the driving force, and the developing gap fluctuates. Resulting in. It is difficult to prevent this by increasing the rigidity of the developing unit housing, and the significant increase in rigidity of the developing unit housing is a major obstacle to cost reduction.

また、特許文献4では、画像形成ユニット内の2つの現像ローラをともに非動作状態とすることが可能な構成が提案されているが、双方の現像ローラが非現像状態となる現像ユニット回動位置を設けることにより、一方の現像ローラが現像状態にあるとき、他方の現像ローラは必要以上に感光体から離れた状態となるため、装置の大型化、現像状態切替時間の長時間化が避けられない。   Patent Document 4 proposes a configuration in which both of the two developing rollers in the image forming unit can be brought into a non-operating state, but the developing unit rotating position where both the developing rollers are in a non-developing state. By providing this, when one developing roller is in the developing state, the other developing roller is unnecessarily separated from the photosensitive member, and therefore the size of the apparatus and the development state switching time can be prevented from being prolonged. Absent.

以上のような問題を解決する構成として、特許文献5のような構成が提案されている。この特許文献5において、感光体ドラムの周囲に配設され、感光ドラム側に付勢された現像ユニットは、感光ドラムの両側に感光ドラムとは独立して回転可能に設けられ、外周面に少なくとも一つ以上の溝が形成されたカム部材のカム当接面に接するように現像ローラのシャフトが支持されている。このため、感光体ドラムと現像ローラの平行度は、ほぼカム部材の部品精度で規定されるため、現像ギャップの高精度維持が可能となるとともに、現像ローラが感光ドラムに接触する際の衝撃を最小限に抑えることができるとしている。
特開平10−177286号公報 特開2003−167410号公報 特開2003−307903号公報 特開2004−037872号公報 特開2003−208011号公報
As a configuration for solving the above problems, a configuration as in Patent Document 5 has been proposed. In this Patent Document 5, the developing units disposed around the photosensitive drum and biased toward the photosensitive drum are rotatably provided on both sides of the photosensitive drum independently of the photosensitive drum, and at least on the outer peripheral surface. The shaft of the developing roller is supported so as to be in contact with the cam contact surface of the cam member in which one or more grooves are formed. For this reason, since the parallelism between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller is almost defined by the accuracy of the cam member parts, it is possible to maintain a high accuracy of the developing gap and to apply an impact when the developing roller contacts the photosensitive drum. It is said that it can be minimized.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-177286 JP 2003-167410 A JP 2003-307903 A JP 2004-037872 A JP 2003-208011 A

しかしながら、特許文献5によれば、感光ドラムに対する現像ローラあるいは現像ローラ上現像剤の接触/非接触状態が切換わる際、等速で回転している感光体に対する負荷が変動し、現像色切換え時に感光体回転速度が変動する問題は避けられない。現像色切換えが感光体への露光や感光体から中間転写ベルトへの中間転写動作中の場合、画像が乱れてしまう。このため、現像色の切換えは、露光や中間転写等の感光体上のプロセス動作中でないタイミングで実施する必要があり、中間転写ベルト上には画像を形成できない領域が露光位置と中間転写位置の間隔+現像色切換え動作中に画像が進む距離の範囲で存在し、中間転写ベルトの大型化を招く。これは、装置大型化、コスト増大の原因となるばかりでなく、中間転写ベルトの剛性低下による伸び、振動等の影響で、出力画像の高画質化が困難であるという問題も生じる。   However, according to Patent Document 5, when the contact / non-contact state of the developing roller with respect to the photosensitive drum or the developer on the developing roller is switched, the load on the photosensitive member rotating at a constant speed fluctuates, and the developing color is switched. The problem that the rotational speed of the photosensitive member fluctuates is unavoidable. When the development color is switched during exposure to the photoconductor or during an intermediate transfer operation from the photoconductor to the intermediate transfer belt, the image is disturbed. For this reason, it is necessary to switch the development color at a timing not during the process operation on the photosensitive member such as exposure or intermediate transfer, and an area where an image cannot be formed on the intermediate transfer belt is located between the exposure position and the intermediate transfer position. It exists in the range of the distance that the image travels during the interval + development color switching operation, and causes the intermediate transfer belt to become large. This not only causes an increase in size and cost of the apparatus, but also causes a problem that it is difficult to improve the image quality of the output image due to the influence of elongation, vibration, and the like due to a decrease in rigidity of the intermediate transfer belt.

また、現像ユニットは感光体ドラム側に付勢され、現像ローラのシャフトがカム部材に接することにより、感光体ドラムと現像ローラの平行度、現像ギャップが規定されているが、現像ローラは回転駆動されるため、駆動力により現像ローラと感光体ドラムの平行度にずれが生じないよう、十分な付勢力で現像ローラのシャフトをカム部材に当接させる必要がある。このため、十分な付勢力を受けても変形が生じないよう、現像ユニットハウジングは高い剛性を確保する必要があり、部品コスト上昇をまねく。また、現像切替のためのカム部材回動は、十分な付勢力に反する力を発生しなければならないため、大きな電力消費が必要となるか、あるいは高速な切替が困難となる問題もある。   The developing unit is urged to the photosensitive drum side, and the shaft of the developing roller comes into contact with the cam member, so that the parallelism between the photosensitive drum and the developing roller and the developing gap are defined, but the developing roller is driven to rotate. Therefore, the shaft of the developing roller needs to be brought into contact with the cam member with a sufficient urging force so that the parallelism between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum does not shift due to the driving force. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure high rigidity of the developing unit housing so that deformation does not occur even when a sufficient urging force is applied, resulting in an increase in the cost of parts. Further, the rotation of the cam member for switching the development must generate a force against a sufficient urging force, so that there is a problem that a large power consumption is required or that a high-speed switching is difficult.

更に、それぞれの現像ユニットを感光体ドラムに対し移動可能に支持する手段を設ける必要があるが、それぞれの現像ユニットを独立に、感光体近接/離間方向に平行移動可能に支持するためには、複雑な機構、大きなスペースが必要となり、装置大型化、コスト増大の原因となる問題もある。   Furthermore, it is necessary to provide means for supporting each developing unit so as to be movable with respect to the photosensitive drum. In order to independently support each developing unit so as to be able to move in parallel in the proximity / separation direction of the photosensitive member, A complicated mechanism and a large space are required, and there is a problem that causes an increase in size and cost of the apparatus.

本発明はこれらの問題を鑑みてなされたものであり、現像色切換動作による画像への影響を防止し、高画質化を実現とするとともに、中間転写体の小型化による装置小型化、低コスト化、及び中間転写ベルトの高剛性化による出力画像の高画質化を実現することを目的とするとともに、装置複雑化、大型化、高コスト化を招くことなく、現像状態にある現像手段を画像担持体に対し、高精度に位置決めすることで、出力画像の高画質化が可能であるとともに、駆動手段から現像手段に確実に駆動力を伝達し、安定した現像動作が可能な画像形成装置を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of these problems, prevents the influence on the image by the development color switching operation, achieves high image quality, and reduces the size and cost of the apparatus by reducing the size of the intermediate transfer member. In addition, the image quality of the output image can be improved by increasing the rigidity of the intermediate transfer belt, and the developing means in the developed state can be imaged without increasing the complexity, size, and cost of the apparatus. An image forming apparatus capable of achieving high image quality of an output image by positioning with high accuracy relative to the carrier, and also capable of stably transmitting the driving force from the driving unit to the developing unit and performing a stable developing operation. The purpose is to provide.

前記問題点を解決するために、本発明の画像形成装置は、回転駆動される画像担持体の周囲に該画像担持体に対向すると共に相隣合った状態で画像担持体の潜像をそれぞれ異なる色の現像剤で可視像化する複数の現像手段が配設された画像形成ユニットを少なくとも1つ備えている。更に、本発明の画像形成装置は、画像形成ユニットでの色の切換えに際し、画像担持体の回転中に現像手段の何れか一方の現像手段から他方の現像手段に現像機能の切替を行い、可視像化して得た画像担持体上の可視像を中間転写体に順次1次転写し、中間転写体上の転写像を記録材に2次転写して記録像を形成する画像形成装置である。   In order to solve the above problems, the image forming apparatus of the present invention has different latent images on the image carrier in a state of being opposed to each other and adjacent to each other around the image carrier to be rotationally driven. At least one image forming unit provided with a plurality of developing means for visualizing with a color developer is provided. Furthermore, the image forming apparatus of the present invention switches the developing function from one of the developing means to the other developing means during rotation of the image carrier when the color is changed in the image forming unit. An image forming apparatus that sequentially transfers a visible image on an image bearing member obtained by visualization to an intermediate transfer member and then transfers the transfer image on the intermediate transfer member to a recording material to form a recording image. is there.

そして、本発明の画像形成装置は、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段の各々に対し、現像手段を画像担持体に対して近接・離間する方向に移動するよう支持する支持手段と、現像手段を現像手段の移動方向の一方に付勢する付勢手段とを具備している。また、付勢手段の付勢力による現像手段の移動方向への移動を常時規制し、一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第1の位置に、及び他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第2の位置に、各々の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔を変更するカム当接面を有するカム部材を、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸上の回転軸方向両端部に設けている。また、このカム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第3の位置と、他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となる第4の位置との間に、一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となる第5の位置を有している。よって、本発明によれば、現像ギャップの高精度に安定した規定が可能となり、中間転写ベルト上に画像を形成できない領域を削減でき、中間転写ベルトの小型化による、装置小型化及び低コスト化を実現でき、中間転写ベルトの高剛性化により伸びや振動等を防止でき、出力画像の高画質化を実現できる。   The image forming apparatus according to the present invention includes a supporting unit that supports the developing unit so that the developing unit moves in the direction of approaching and separating from the image carrier, and the developing unit. Urging means for urging the developing means in one direction of movement of the developing means. Further, the movement of the developing means in the moving direction by the urging force of the urging means is always restricted, the distance between one developing means and the image carrier is in the development state, and the distance between the other developing means and the image carrier is The first position in the non-development state, the distance between the other development means and the image carrier is in the development state, and the distance between the one development means and the image carrier is in the second position in the non-development state. The cam members having cam contact surfaces for changing the distance between each developing means and the image carrier are provided at both ends in the rotational axis direction on the axis parallel to the rotational axis of the image carrier. Further, in this cam member, the rotation of the cam member causes the third developing unit and the image carrier to be in a developing state, and the other developing unit and the image carrier are in a non-developing state. One developing means between the position of the second developing means and the fourth position where the distance between the other developing means and the image carrier is in the developed state and the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is in the non-developed state. And the image carrier are in a developed state, and the other developing means and the image carrier are in a developed state. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to stably define the development gap with high accuracy, reduce an area where an image cannot be formed on the intermediate transfer belt, and reduce the size and cost of the apparatus by downsizing the intermediate transfer belt. The intermediate transfer belt can be made rigid to prevent stretching, vibration, and the like, and the output image can be improved in image quality.

また、カム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、第3の位置から第4の位置への移動を開始するようカム当接面が形成されていることにより、現像色切換動作による画像への影響を防止し、高画質化を実現とするとともに、中間転写体の小型化による装置小型化及び低コスト化、並びに中間転写ベルトの高剛性化による出力画像の高画質化を実現できる。   Further, the cam member is formed with a cam contact surface so as to start moving from the third position to the fourth position by the rotation of the cam member. In addition to preventing the influence and realizing high image quality, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus by reducing the size of the intermediate transfer member, and to improve the output image quality by increasing the rigidity of the intermediate transfer belt.

更に、カム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、第4の位置と第3の位置の間に、一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にあり、かつ他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となる第6の位置を有する。よって、黒単色出力時に、シアン現像ローラ及びマゼンダ現像ローラを非現像状態となる現像ユニットの回動位置を設ける必要がある場合でも現像ローラの退避間隔は必要最低限とすることができ、装置小型化及び現像切替動作の高速化が可能となる。   Further, the cam member is in a non-development state between the one developing means and the image carrier between the fourth position and the third position by the rotation of the cam member, and the other developing means. The image carrier has a sixth position at which the interval between the image carriers is not developed. Therefore, even when it is necessary to provide a rotation position of the developing unit in which the cyan developing roller and the magenta developing roller are in the non-developing state during black monochrome output, the developing roller retracting interval can be minimized, and the apparatus is small. And the development switching operation speed can be increased.

また、カム部材は、画像担持体の回転軸に対し同軸上に回転自在に設けられていることにより、画像担持体と現像ローラとの間の現像ギャップを規定する部品点数の削減による現像ギャップ高精度化が可能となり、かつ構成簡略化による省スペース化、そして部品点数削減による低コスト化を実現できる。   Further, since the cam member is provided so as to be coaxially rotatable with respect to the rotation axis of the image carrier, the development gap height is reduced by reducing the number of parts that define the development gap between the image carrier and the development roller. Accuracy can be achieved, and space can be saved by simplifying the configuration, and cost can be reduced by reducing the number of parts.

更に、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段は、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段に対し、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸上に被駆動部材を固定し、カム部材の回動により、いずれかの現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となるとき、現像手段の被駆動部材と駆動力伝達状態となると共に、いずれかの現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となるとき、現像手段の被駆動部材と駆動力非伝達状態となる駆動力伝達手段を具備している。そして、駆動力伝達状態にて現像手段の被駆動部材を駆動するときに、被駆動部材に作用する駆動力のうち現像手段の可動方向の力が、付勢手段の付勢方向と同一となる位置に駆動力伝達手段が設けられている。よって、現像機能切替と現像駆動切替を同一の構成、動作により実現することで、装置小型化及び低コスト化が可能となる共に、現像ギャップ、現像ローラギヤ伝達状態の高精度な安定した規定が可能となり、現像切替時の画像担持体回転負荷変動や衝撃・振動を防止できるため、出力画像の高画質化及び装置信頼性向上を実現できる。   Further, the one developing means and the other developing means are supported so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and the image carrier is supported with respect to the one developing means and the other developing means. When the driven member is fixed on an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the developing member and the interval between the developing unit and the image carrier is in the developing state by the rotation of the cam member, the driven member and the driving force of the developing unit A driving force transmitting means that is in a non-developing state when the developing means and the image carrier are in a non-developing state and a driving force transmitting means that is not in a driving force non-transmitting state is provided. When the driven member of the developing unit is driven in the driving force transmission state, the force in the movable direction of the developing unit among the driving forces acting on the driven member is the same as the biasing direction of the biasing unit. Driving force transmitting means is provided at the position. Therefore, by realizing development function switching and development drive switching with the same configuration and operation, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus, and to provide a highly accurate and stable definition of the development gap and development roller gear transmission state. As a result, it is possible to prevent fluctuations in the rotation of the image carrier at the time of development switching, impact and vibration, so that it is possible to improve the image quality of the output image and improve the device reliability.

また、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段は、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を具備し、各現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸のそれぞれに同軸上に接続され駆動手段の回転駆動力を現像手段に伝達すると共に、駆動手段に対し、カム部材の回動により現像手段が画像担持体との間隔が現像状態となる位置と現像手段が画像担持体との間隔が非現像状態となる位置との間で、移動可能である駆動力伝達手段が設けられている。よって、現像ギャップの高精度な安定した規定が可能となり、現像切替時の画像担持体の回転負荷変動や衝撃・振動を防止できるため、出力画像の高画質化と装置信頼性の向上を実現できる。   One developing means and the other developing means are supported rotatably about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and include driving means for rotating the developing means. The rotation means of the driving means and the rotation axis of the driving means are coaxially connected to each other and transmit the rotational driving force of the driving means to the developing means, and the developing means is connected to the image carrier by the rotation of the cam member with respect to the driving means. A driving force transmitting means is provided which is movable between a position where the distance between the two is in the developing state and a position where the developing means is in the non-developing state with respect to the image carrier. Therefore, it is possible to define the development gap with high accuracy and stability, and to prevent fluctuations in the rotational load and shock / vibration of the image carrier during development switching. Therefore, it is possible to improve the output image quality and improve the device reliability. .

更に、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段は、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を具備し、各現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸のそれぞれに同軸上に接続され駆動手段の回転駆動力を現像手段に伝達する駆動力伝達手段が設けられている。そして、この駆動力伝達手段は、現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸が回転軸方向に所定の距離を移動することにより駆動力伝達状態が解除され、かつ駆動手段の回転軸に対して現像手段の回転軸が、カム部材の回動により現像状態となる位置と非現像状態となる位置の間で移動可能となる駆動力伝達部を有し、カム部材の少なくとも一方には、その回動により、一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となり、かつ他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となると共に、一方の現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸に接続された駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態となり、かつ他方の現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸に接続された駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態となる位置、及び他方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となり、かつ一方の現像手段と画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となると共に、他方の現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸に接続された駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態となり、かつ一方の現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸に接続された駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態となる位置に、各現像手段の回転軸と駆動手段の回転軸の回転軸方向距離を変更するカム当接面が一体に形成されている。よって、現像ギャップの高精度な安定した規定が可能となり、現像切替時の画像担持体の回転負荷変動や衝撃・振動を防止できるため、出力画像の高画質化と装置信頼性の向上を実現できる。   Further, the one developing means and the other developing means are rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and include a driving means for driving the developing means to rotate. Driving force transmitting means is provided which is coaxially connected to the rotating shaft of the means and the rotating shaft of the driving means and transmits the rotational driving force of the driving means to the developing means. The driving force transmission means is released from the driving force transmission state when the rotation shaft of the developing means and the rotation shaft of the driving means move a predetermined distance in the direction of the rotation axis, and with respect to the rotation shaft of the driving means. The rotating shaft of the developing means has a driving force transmission portion that can move between a position where the developing member is in the developing state and a position where the developing member is in the non-developing state by rotation of the cam member. As a result of the movement, the distance between one developing means and the image carrier becomes a developed state, and the distance between the other developing means and the image carrier becomes a non-developed state, and the rotating shaft of one developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means The driving force transmitting means connected to the driving force transmitting state, and the driving force transmitting means connected to the rotating shaft of the other developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means are in the driving force transmitting releasing state, and the other Between developing means and image carrier Is in the developing state, and the distance between one developing means and the image carrier is not developed, and the driving force transmitting means connected to the rotating shaft of the other developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means is in the driving force transmitting state. And the rotation shaft of each developing device and the rotation shaft of the driving device are in positions where the driving force transmitting device connected to the rotating shaft of one developing device and the rotating shaft of the driving device is in a driving force transmission canceling state. A cam contact surface for changing the directional distance is integrally formed. Therefore, it is possible to define the development gap with high accuracy and stability, and to prevent fluctuations in the rotational load and shock / vibration of the image carrier during development switching. Therefore, it is possible to improve the output image quality and improve the device reliability. .

また、支持手段は、現像手段を画像担持体の回転軸と略平行な軸を中心に回動可能に支持することにより、平行移動可能に支持する場合と比較し、構成が簡略化でき、大幅な装置小型化及び低コスト化を実現できる。   In addition, the support means can be simplified in structure compared to the case where the developing means is supported so as to be able to move in parallel by pivotally supporting the developing means about an axis substantially parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier. It is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus.

更に、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段は、画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持され、各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を設けると共に、現像手段を支持する回動軸と同軸上に回転自在な駆動力伝達手段を設け、装置本体に設けられた現像手段駆動源からの駆動力を、現像手段の回動軸上の駆動力伝達手段を介して、現像手段に設けられた駆動手段及び現像手段に伝達する。よって、本体駆動源からの駆動力を伝達する駆動力伝達ギヤを現像ユニット回動軸上に回転自在に設けることで、現像ユニットに作用する駆動力の現像ユニット回動方向成分をなくし、現像ユニットのねじれを防止できるとともに、付勢力を小さくしても安定して現像ユニットをカムに常時当接させることが可能となり、現像ギャップの高精度維持が可能となる。感光体両端部で感光体同軸カムに対し常時当接状態となるため、現像切替時に感光体に対し負荷変動や衝撃を与えることがなく、画像担持体の回転速度変動や振動を防止できる。   Further, the one developing means and the other developing means are supported so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and are provided with a driving means for rotationally driving each developing means and support the developing means. A driving force transmitting means that is rotatable coaxially with the rotation shaft is provided, and the driving force from the developing means driving source provided in the apparatus body is developed via the driving force transmitting means on the rotating shaft of the developing means. This is transmitted to a driving means and a developing means provided in the means. Therefore, by providing a driving force transmission gear for transmitting the driving force from the main body driving source so as to be rotatable on the developing unit rotating shaft, the developing unit rotating direction component of the driving force acting on the developing unit is eliminated, and the developing unit. Can be prevented, and even if the urging force is reduced, the developing unit can be stably brought into contact with the cam at all times, and the development gap can be maintained with high accuracy. Since both ends of the photoconductor are always in contact with the photoconductor coaxial cam, load fluctuations and impacts are not applied to the photoconductor during development switching, and rotation speed fluctuations and vibrations of the image carrier can be prevented.

また、一方の現像手段及び他方の現像手段は、同一の回動軸を中心に回動可能に支持されると共に、同一の回動軸上に設けられた同一の駆動力伝達手段を介して、現像手段に設けられた駆動手段及び現像手段に駆動力を伝達する。よって、2つの現像ユニットの支持手段と駆動伝達手段を共通化でき、画像担持体の回転軸と高精度に平行を規定する部品点数を削減することで、装置小型化及び低コスト化が可能となる。   Further, the one developing means and the other developing means are supported so as to be rotatable about the same rotation shaft, and through the same driving force transmission means provided on the same rotation shaft, A driving force is transmitted to a driving unit and a developing unit provided in the developing unit. Therefore, the support means and drive transmission means of the two developing units can be made common, and the number of parts that define parallelism to the rotation axis of the image carrier with high accuracy can be reduced, thereby making it possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus. Become.

更に、付勢手段の付勢力による現像手段の画像担持体への近接方向の移動を常時規制するために、カム部材のカム当接面に対し、現像手段を画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持する軸受部材が当接する。よって、現像ローラを支持する軸受の外周が直接カムに当接するため、画像担持体と現像ローラ間の現像ギャップを規定する部品点数の削減による現像ギャップ高精度化が可能となり、構成簡略化による省スペース化及び部品点数削減による低コスト化を実現できる。   Further, in order to always restrict the movement of the developing unit in the proximity direction to the image carrier by the biasing force of the biasing unit, the developing unit is parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier with respect to the cam contact surface of the cam member. A bearing member that rotatably supports the shaft is in contact. Therefore, since the outer periphery of the bearing that supports the developing roller directly contacts the cam, it is possible to increase the developing gap accuracy by reducing the number of parts that define the developing gap between the image carrier and the developing roller, and to simplify the configuration. It is possible to reduce the cost by making space and reducing the number of parts.

また、付勢手段は、軸受部材を付勢することにより、現像ユニット剛性を低減しても安定して現像ユニットをカム部材に常時当接させることが可能となり、部品コストの削減による低コスト化が実現できる。   In addition, the biasing means biases the bearing member, so that the developing unit can be kept in constant contact with the cam member even if the rigidity of the developing unit is reduced. Can be realized.

本発明の画像形成装置によれば、現像ローラを回転可能に支持する2つの現像ユニットを、画像担持体に対し近接・離間方向に移動可能に支持するとともに移動方向の一方に付勢し、カム部材のカム当接面に当接させることにより、現像ギャップの高精度に安定した規定が可能となる。また、上下現像ユニットが別体であり、独立に移動、位置決め可能な構成であることを有効に利用し、現像ローラの非現像状態から現像状態への切換え完了に伴う画像担持体の負荷変動と現像状態から非現像状態への切換え開始に伴う画像担持体の負荷変動が発生するタイミングが近接するようカム部材を形成することで、中間転写ベルト上に画像を形成できない領域を削減でき、中間転写ベルトの小型化による、装置小型化及び低コスト化を実現でき、中間転写ベルトの高剛性化により伸び、振動等を防止でき、出力画像の高画質化を実現できる。   According to the image forming apparatus of the present invention, the two developing units that rotatably support the developing roller are supported so as to be movable in the approaching / separating direction with respect to the image carrier and urged in one of the moving directions to By making contact with the cam contact surface of the member, it is possible to stably define the development gap with high accuracy. Further, it is possible to effectively utilize the fact that the upper and lower developing units are separate and can be moved and positioned independently, and the load fluctuation of the image carrier accompanying the completion of switching from the non-developing state of the developing roller to the developing state By forming the cam member so that the timing of load fluctuation of the image carrier accompanying the start of switching from the development state to the non-development state is close, the area where images cannot be formed on the intermediate transfer belt can be reduced, and the intermediate transfer By downsizing the belt, it is possible to reduce the size and cost of the apparatus. By increasing the rigidity of the intermediate transfer belt, it is possible to prevent elongation, vibration, and the like, and to realize high quality output images.

図1は本発明を適用する画像形成装置の構成を示す概略図である。同図に示す画像形成装置は、いわゆる2ステーションタイプの画像形成装置であり、走査型書込み手段により画像担持体である感光体ドラムに形成した潜像から現像手段によりトナー像を生成し、トナー像を中間転写体上に転写する工程を色毎に複数回繰り返し、トナー像を色毎に順次重ね合わせてカラー画像を形成する画像形成装置である。   FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of an image forming apparatus to which the present invention is applied. The image forming apparatus shown in the figure is a so-called two-station type image forming apparatus, and a toner image is generated by a developing means from a latent image formed on a photosensitive drum as an image carrier by a scanning writing means, and the toner image The image forming apparatus forms a color image by repeating the process of transferring the toner image onto the intermediate transfer member a plurality of times for each color and sequentially superimposing the toner images for each color.

同図に示す画像形成装置100は、画像形成時に、2つの感光体ドラム101、201を矢印Aの方向に回転駆動し、その表面を帯電器102、202で均一に帯電した後、露光装置103、203によって、入力される画像情報に応じた露光を行って静電潜像を形成する。そして、シアン現像ユニット110、マゼンタ現像ユニット120、イエロー現像ユニット210、ブラック現像ユニット220を現像切替機構114、124、214、224により移動させて、第1色目(シアン)の現像ローラ111を感光体ドラム101と対向する現像位置に、第2色目(イエロー)の現像ローラ211を感光体ドラム201と対向する現像位置にそれぞれ位置させ、感光体ドラム101上の静電潜像にトナーを付着させてシアンのトナー像として現像するとともに、感光体ドラム201上の静電潜像にトナーを付着させてイエローのトナー像として現像する。このシアンのトナー像、イエローのトナー像は、感光体ドラム101、201に当接して矢印Bの方向に回転する中間転写ベルト105上に1次転写部T11、T12にて1次転写される。そして、この1次転写工程を他の2色、即ちマゼンタ、ブラックについても順次行い、中間転写ベルト105上に4色のトナー像を重ねる。これらの4色のトナー像は、給紙カセット(不図示)から搬送されてきた記録材Pに、2次転写部T2にて2次転写部材106によって一括して2次転写されることでフルカラー画像を得ることができる。なお、感光体ドラム101の周囲には、帯電器102、シアン現像ユニット110、マゼンタ現像ユニット120が配置されており、これらをまとめて画像ステーションと呼び、感光体ドラム101などを含むものを画像ステーションIと称す。また、感光体ドラム201の周囲にも画像ステーションIと同様に各構成手段が配置され、感光体ドラム201などを含むものを画像ステーションIIと称す。   The image forming apparatus 100 shown in FIG. 1 rotates two photosensitive drums 101 and 201 in the direction of arrow A during image formation, uniformly charges the surfaces thereof with chargers 102 and 202, and then exposes the exposure apparatus 103. , 203, exposure is performed according to the input image information to form an electrostatic latent image. Then, the cyan developing unit 110, the magenta developing unit 120, the yellow developing unit 210, and the black developing unit 220 are moved by the development switching mechanisms 114, 124, 214, and 224, and the first color (cyan) developing roller 111 is moved to the photosensitive member. The developing roller 211 for the second color (yellow) is positioned at the developing position facing the photosensitive drum 201 at the developing position facing the drum 101, and toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 101. The toner is developed as a cyan toner image, and toner is attached to the electrostatic latent image on the photosensitive drum 201 to develop it as a yellow toner image. The cyan toner image and the yellow toner image are primarily transferred by the primary transfer portions T11 and T12 onto the intermediate transfer belt 105 that contacts the photosensitive drums 101 and 201 and rotates in the direction of arrow B. Then, the primary transfer process is sequentially performed for the other two colors, that is, magenta and black, and the four color toner images are superimposed on the intermediate transfer belt 105. These four color toner images are fully transferred onto the recording material P conveyed from a paper feed cassette (not shown) by the secondary transfer member 106 at the secondary transfer portion T2 so as to be full color. An image can be obtained. A charger 102, a cyan developing unit 110, and a magenta developing unit 120 are disposed around the photosensitive drum 101. These are collectively referred to as an image station, and an image station including the photosensitive drum 101 is included in the image station. Called I. Also, each constituent means is arranged around the photosensitive drum 201 in the same manner as the image station I, and the one including the photosensitive drum 201 and the like is referred to as an image station II.

図2は本発明の第1の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。ここで、非動作現像ローラ上の現像剤を感光体ドラムに対し非接触状態とする手段として、現像ローラを回転可能に支持する2つの現像ユニットを感光体ドラムに対し少なくとも近接・離間する方向に移動可能に支持するとともに可動方向の一方に付勢し、カム部材のカム当接面に当接させることによりその移動を規制し、カム部材を回動することにより、感光体ドラムに対する現像ローラの位置をずらし、現像ローラ上に形成される現像剤の穂を感光体ドラムの非接触位置に移動する方法を採用している。   FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus according to the first embodiment of the present invention. Here, as means for bringing the developer on the non-operating developing roller into a non-contact state with respect to the photosensitive drum, the two developing units that rotatably support the developing roller are at least in the direction of approaching and separating from the photosensitive drum. The movable roller is movably supported and urged in one of the movable directions, and the movement of the cam member is restricted by contacting the cam contact surface of the cam member. A method is employed in which the position is shifted and the developer spike formed on the developing roller is moved to the non-contact position of the photosensitive drum.

図2において、感光体ドラム101は、画像形成ユニット1の側板170に対し、感光体ドラムの軸中心に回転可能に支持されている。感光体ドラム101に対して上流側に設けられた現像ローラ111を含むシアン色現像ユニット110と、感光体ドラム101に対して下流側に設けられた現像ローラ121を含むマゼンタ色現像ユニット120は、画像形成ユニット1の側板170に対し、支持手段115、125により感光体ドラム101に対して近接・離間方向に移動可能に支持されている。また、画像形成ユニット1の側板170に対し、付勢手段117、127により感光体ドラム101への近接方向に付勢されている。現像ローラ111、121の側板170の側端部には、現像ローラ111、121の軸上に回転可能なころ部材116、126が設けられており、感光体ドラム101の軸と平行な回動軸を有するカム部材104のカム当接面104aに常時当接することで、付勢手段117、127の付勢力による現像ユニット110、120の移動が制限されている。感光体ドラム101及び現像ユニット110、120は、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における他端側の図示しない画像形成ユニットの側板に対しても同様な構成で支持、付勢されるとともに、現像ローラ111、121の回転軸上におけるころ部材116、126が同様のカム部材104に当接することで移動が制限されている。   In FIG. 2, the photosensitive drum 101 is supported on the side plate 170 of the image forming unit 1 so as to be rotatable about the axis of the photosensitive drum. A cyan developing unit 110 including a developing roller 111 provided on the upstream side with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and a magenta developing unit 120 including a developing roller 121 provided on the downstream side with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 are: The side plate 170 of the image forming unit 1 is supported by support means 115 and 125 so as to be movable in the approaching / separating direction with respect to the photosensitive drum 101. Further, the side plate 170 of the image forming unit 1 is urged in the proximity direction to the photosensitive drum 101 by the urging means 117 and 127. Roller members 116 and 126 that are rotatable on the shafts of the developing rollers 111 and 121 are provided at the side end portions of the side plates 170 of the developing rollers 111 and 121, and a rotation shaft that is parallel to the axis of the photosensitive drum 101. By constantly contacting the cam contact surface 104a of the cam member 104 having the above, movement of the developing units 110 and 120 by the urging force of the urging means 117 and 127 is restricted. The photosensitive drum 101 and the developing units 110 and 120 are supported and urged with the same configuration with respect to the side plate of the image forming unit (not shown) on the other end side in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101 and the developing roller 111. The roller members 116 and 126 on the rotating shafts 121 and 121 are in contact with the same cam member 104 to restrict the movement.

以上のような構成において、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における両端でカム部材104が回動し、カム部材104の回動軸からころ部材116、126が当接するカム当接面104aまでの距離が変化することにより、カム部材104の回動軸から現像ローラ111、121の軸までの距離が変化し、現像ローラ111、121の軸から感光体ドラム101の軸までの距離が変化することで感光体ドラム101と現像ローラ111、121との間の距離、いわゆる現像ギャップが変化する。   In the configuration as described above, the cam member 104 rotates at both ends in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101, and the distance from the rotation shaft of the cam member 104 to the cam contact surface 104a with which the roller members 116 and 126 abut is set. By changing, the distance from the rotation axis of the cam member 104 to the axis of the developing rollers 111 and 121 changes, and the distance from the axis of the developing rollers 111 and 121 to the axis of the photosensitive drum 101 changes. A distance between the body drum 101 and the developing rollers 111 and 121, that is, a so-called developing gap changes.

図2の(a)において、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、感光体ドラム101に対し規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、画像担持体下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。次に、図2の(b)において、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心に時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111も、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態となっている。次に、図2の(c)において、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心にさらに時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。   In FIG. 2A, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 has a developer in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined developing gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101, and an image. In the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the carrier, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. Next, in FIG. 2B, in order to switch the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 to a state where the developer is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101, the cam member 104 is centered on the rotation axis. Rotated clockwise. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. The developing roller 111 is also in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 with the developer. Next, in FIG. 2C, in order to switch the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 to a state in which the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101, the cam member 104 is rotated. It rotated further clockwise in the center. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. In the developed roller 111, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101.

以上のような構成によって、現像ローラを回転可能に支持する2つの現像ユニットを、画像担持体である感光体ドラムに対し近接・離間方向に移動可能に支持するとともに可動方向の一方に付勢し、カム部材のカム当接面に当接させることにより、現像ギャップの高精度に安定した規定が可能となるとともに、上下現像ユニットが別体であり、独立に移動、位置決め可能な構成であることを有効に利用し、現像ローラの非現像状態から現像状態への切換え完了に伴う感光体ドラムの負荷変動と現像状態から非現像状態への切換え開始に伴う感光体負荷変動が発生するタイミングが近接するようカム部材を形成することで、中間転写ベルト上に画像を形成できない領域を削減でき、中間転写ベルトの小型化による、装置小型化、低コスト化が実現でき、中間転写ベルトの高剛性化により伸び、振動等を防止でき、出力画像の高画質化が実現する。   With the configuration described above, the two developing units that rotatably support the developing roller are supported so as to be movable in the approaching / separating direction with respect to the photosensitive drum as the image bearing member and are urged in one of the movable directions. By making contact with the cam contact surface of the cam member, it is possible to stably define the development gap with high accuracy, and the upper and lower development units are separate and can be moved and positioned independently. Is effectively used, and the photosensitive drum load fluctuation accompanying the completion of switching from the non-developing state of the developing roller to the developing state and the timing of occurrence of the photosensitive member load fluctuation accompanying the start of switching from the developing state to the non-developing state are close to each other. By forming the cam member in such a manner, the area where an image cannot be formed on the intermediate transfer belt can be reduced, and the size of the apparatus can be reduced and the cost can be reduced by downsizing the intermediate transfer belt. Can, elongation due to the high rigidity of the intermediate transfer belt, can prevent vibration or the like, quality of the output image is achieved.

また、ここで、現像を行う現像ローラの非現像状態から現像状態への切換えが完了すると同時に現像していた現像ローラの現像状態から非現像状態への切換えを開始することにより、非現像状態から現像状態への切換え完了に伴う感光体ドラムの負荷変動と現像状態から非現像状態への切換え開始に伴う感光体ドラムの負荷変動が同じタイミングで発生するようカム部材を形成することにより、中間転写ベルト上に画像を形成できない領域は最小となり、中間転写ベルトの大幅な小型化により、大幅な装置小型化、低コスト化が実現できるとともに、中間転写ベルトのさらなる高剛性化により伸び、振動等をより確実に防止でき、出力画像の大幅な高画質化が実現する。   Also, at this point, by starting the switching from the developing state of the developing roller that has been developed to the non-developing state at the same time as the switching from the non-developing state of the developing roller that performs the development is completed, By forming the cam member so that the load fluctuation of the photosensitive drum accompanying the completion of switching to the developing state and the load fluctuation of the photosensitive drum accompanying the start of switching from the developing state to the non-developing state occur at the same timing, intermediate transfer The area where no image can be formed on the belt is minimized, and the intermediate transfer belt can be greatly reduced in size and cost, and the intermediate transfer belt can be further increased in rigidity and vibration, etc. This can be prevented more reliably, and the output image can be greatly improved in image quality.

特に、1成分現像法のように現像動作中に感光体に対し現像ローラを当接させる場合は、画像担持体に対し現像ローラが当接する非現像状態から現像状態への現像色切り換え動作完了の瞬間と、画像担持体である感光体ドラムから現像ローラが離接する現像状態から非現像状態への現像色切り換え動作開始瞬間の影響がともに大きいため、本発明の構成による効果が大きい。   In particular, when the developing roller is brought into contact with the photosensitive member during the developing operation as in the one-component developing method, the development color switching operation from the non-developing state where the developing roller comes into contact with the image carrier to the developing state is completed. The effect of the configuration of the present invention is large because both the moment and the moment when the developing color switching operation starts from the developing state in which the developing roller is separated from the photosensitive drum as the image bearing member to the non-developing state are large.

図3は本発明の第2の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。同図において、図2と同じ参照符号は同じ構成要素を示す。同図に示す第2の実施の形態例の構成及び動作について図2の第1の実施の形態例と同じ構成及び動作については省略するものとする。   FIG. 3 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus according to the second embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same components. Regarding the configuration and operation of the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same configuration and operation as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are omitted.

図3の(a)において、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、感光体ドラム101に対し規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。ここで、カラー画像出力から白黒画像出力に切り替えるため、Bk色現像ローラを含まない側の画像形成ユニットの2つの現像ローラを非動作状態とする必要がある。次に、図3の(b)において、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心に時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111も、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。次に、図3の(c)において、白黒画像出力からカラー画像出力に切り替えるため、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心にさらに時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。   In FIG. 3A, the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 with the developer in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap. In the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the body drum 101, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. Here, in order to switch from color image output to monochrome image output, it is necessary to deactivate the two developing rollers of the image forming unit on the side not including the Bk color developing roller. Next, in FIG. 3B, in order to switch the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 to a state in which the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101, the cam member 104 is rotated. Rotated clockwise about the center. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in a non-contact state with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101. The developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side is also in a non-contact state with the developer with respect to the photosensitive drum 101. Next, in FIG. 3C, in order to switch from monochrome image output to color image output, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is brought into contact with the photosensitive drum 101. In order to switch, the cam member 104 was further rotated clockwise about the rotation axis. The developing roller 111 arranged on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is arranged on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. In the developed roller 121, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101.

ここで、白黒画像出力時にシアン色現像ユニット及びマゼンタ色現像ユニットを含む画像形成ユニットIの動作を休止する場合、双方の現像ローラが非現像状態となる状態を設けるため、従来では一方の現像ローラが現像状態にあるとき、他方の現像ローラは必要以上に感光体ドラムから離れた状態となり、装置の大型化、現像状態切替時間の長時間化が避けられない。しかし、本発明では、上下現像ユニットが別体であり、独立に移動、位置決め可能な構成であることを有効に利用し、上記の場合でも現像ローラの退避間隔は必要最低限とすることができ、装置小型化、現像切替動作の高速化が可能となる。   Here, when the operation of the image forming unit I including the cyan color developing unit and the magenta color developing unit is stopped when outputting a black and white image, a state in which both developing rollers are in a non-developing state is provided. Is in a developing state, the other developing roller is further away from the photosensitive drum than necessary, and the size of the apparatus and the development state switching time are inevitably increased. However, in the present invention, the fact that the upper and lower developing units are separate and can be moved and positioned independently is used effectively, and the retracting interval of the developing roller can be minimized even in the above case. Therefore, the apparatus can be downsized and the development switching operation can be speeded up.

また、図2に示したように、一方の現像ローラから、他方の現像ローラへの現像機能切替動作の間に、双方の現像ローラが感光体ドラムに対して現像間隔となる状態が存在するのに対し、カム部材をさらに同方向に回転させることで、双方の現像ローラが感光体ドラムに対して非現像間隔となる状態とし、カラー画像から白黒画像への出力画像切替が可能となり、カム部材をさらに同方向に回転させることで、白黒画像からカラー画像への出力画像切替が可能とるため、簡単な構成で確実な出力モード切替が可能となり、装置小型化、信頼性向上を実現できる。   Further, as shown in FIG. 2, there is a state in which both developing rollers have a developing interval with respect to the photosensitive drum during the switching of the developing function from one developing roller to the other developing roller. On the other hand, by further rotating the cam member in the same direction, both developing rollers are in a non-development interval with respect to the photosensitive drum, and the output image can be switched from a color image to a monochrome image. Further, the output image can be switched from a black and white image to a color image by further rotating in the same direction. Therefore, the output mode can be surely switched with a simple configuration, and the apparatus can be downsized and improved in reliability.

図4は本発明の第3の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。同図において、図2と同じ参照符号は同じ構成要素を示す。同図に示す第3の実施の形態例の構成及び動作について図2の第1の実施の形態例と同じ構成及び動作については省略するものとする。   FIG. 4 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus according to the third embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same components. Regarding the configuration and operation of the third embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the same configuration and operation as those of the first embodiment shown in FIG. 2 are omitted.

図4の(a)において、現像ローラ111、121の端部のころ部材116、126は、感光体ドラム101の軸と同軸に回動可能に支持されたカム部材104のカム当接面104bに常時当接することで、現像ローラ111、121の移動を制限し感光体ドラム101との間隔を規定している。つまり、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、感光体ドラム101に対し規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。次に、図4の(b)において、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心に時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111も、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態となっている。   In FIG. 4A, the roller members 116 and 126 at the ends of the developing rollers 111 and 121 are placed on the cam contact surface 104b of the cam member 104 that is rotatably supported coaxially with the shaft of the photosensitive drum 101. By always abutting, the movement of the developing rollers 111 and 121 is restricted and the distance from the photosensitive drum 101 is defined. In other words, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 has the developer in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. In the developing roller 121 arranged in FIG. 2, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. Next, in FIG. 4B, in order to switch the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 to a state where the developer is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101, the cam member 104 is centered on the rotation axis. Rotated clockwise. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. The developing roller 111 is also in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 with the developer.

次に、図4の(c)において、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心にさらに時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。次に、図4の(d)において、カラー画像出力から白黒画像出力に切り替え、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心に時計回り方向に回動した。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111も、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。   Next, in FIG. 4C, in order to switch the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 to a state in which the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101, the cam member 104 is rotated. It rotated further clockwise in the center. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. In the developed roller 111, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. Next, in FIG. 4D, the color image output is switched to the monochrome image output, and the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photoconductive drum 101 is brought into a non-contact state with the photoconductive drum 101. In order to switch, the cam member 104 was rotated clockwise about the rotation axis. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in a non-contact state with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101. The developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side is also in a non-contact state with the developer with respect to the photosensitive drum 101.

次に、白黒画像出力からカラー画像出力に切り替えるため、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111を、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し接触状態に切り替えるため、カム部材104を回動軸中心にさらに時計回り方向に回動した場合、図4の(a)の状態となり、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となる。   Next, in order to switch from monochrome image output to color image output, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is rotated by the cam member 104 so that the developer is switched to the contact state with the photosensitive drum 101. When it further rotates clockwise about the moving axis, the state shown in FIG. 4A is obtained, and the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in a prescribed developing gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101. The developer is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 and the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in a non-contact state with the photosensitive drum 101.

以上のような構成において、画像担持体である感光体ドラムと現像ローラとの間の距離を規定するカム部材を感光体ドラムの同軸上に設けることにより、現像ギャップを規定する部品点数削減による現像ギャップ高精度化が可能となるとともに、構成簡略化による省スペース化、部品点数削減による低コスト化がする実現できる。   In the configuration as described above, the cam member that defines the distance between the photosensitive drum as the image bearing member and the developing roller is provided on the same axis of the photosensitive drum, so that development by reducing the number of parts that defines the development gap is achieved. It is possible to increase the accuracy of the gap, save space by simplifying the configuration, and reduce the cost by reducing the number of parts.

図5は本発明の第4の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。同図において、図2と同じ参照符号は同じ構成要素を示す。同図に示す第4の実施の形態例の構成及び動作について図2の第1の実施の形態例と同じ構成及び動作については省略するものとする。   FIG. 5 is a schematic side view showing the configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In the figure, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 2 denote the same components. Regarding the configuration and operation of the fourth embodiment shown in the figure, the same configuration and operation as those of the first embodiment of FIG. 2 are omitted.

図2の(a)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図5の(a)に示す。装置本体側に設けられた駆動源としてのモータ(図示せず)に結合された駆動軸500Sには、駆動歯車500Gが固定されている。この駆動歯車500Gは、感光体ドラム101の回動軸101Sと平行な軸上に回転自在に配置された中間遊び歯車である駆動伝達歯車501Gを介し、現像ローラ111の軸111Sに配置された歯車111Gに連結されている。モータにより駆動軸500Sが駆動されたとき、駆動歯車500G、駆動伝達歯車501Gを介し、歯車111Gが駆動され、現像ローラ111が回転する。また、駆動歯車500Gは、感光体ドラム101の回動軸101Sと平行な軸上に回転自在に配置された中間遊び歯車である駆動伝達歯車502Gと連結されているが、このとき駆動伝達歯車502Gは現像ローラ121の軸121Sに配置された歯車121Gと連結されていないため、モータにより駆動軸500Sが駆動されても、現像ローラ121は回転しない。次に、図2の(c)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図5の(b)に示す。駆動歯車500Gは、感光体ドラム101の回動軸101Sと平行な軸上に回転自在に配置された駆動伝達歯車502Gを介し、現像ローラ121の軸121Sに配置された歯車121Gに連結されている。モータにより駆動軸500Sが駆動されたとき、駆動歯車500G、駆動伝達歯車502Gを介し、歯車121Gが駆動され、現像ローラ121が回転する。また、このとき駆動歯車500Gと連結されている駆動伝達歯車501Gは現像ローラ111の軸111Sに配置された歯車111Gと連結されていないため、モータにより駆動軸500Sが駆動されても、現像ローラ111は回転しない。   FIG. 5A shows the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. A drive gear 500G is fixed to a drive shaft 500S coupled to a motor (not shown) as a drive source provided on the apparatus main body side. The drive gear 500G is a gear disposed on the shaft 111S of the developing roller 111 via a drive transmission gear 501G that is an intermediate idler gear that is rotatably disposed on an axis parallel to the rotation shaft 101S of the photosensitive drum 101. 111G. When the drive shaft 500S is driven by the motor, the gear 111G is driven via the drive gear 500G and the drive transmission gear 501G, and the developing roller 111 rotates. The drive gear 500G is connected to a drive transmission gear 502G that is an intermediate idler gear rotatably disposed on an axis parallel to the rotation shaft 101S of the photosensitive drum 101. At this time, the drive transmission gear 502G is connected. Is not connected to the gear 121G disposed on the shaft 121S of the developing roller 121, so that the developing roller 121 does not rotate even when the driving shaft 500S is driven by a motor. Next, the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. 2C is shown in FIG. The drive gear 500G is connected to a gear 121G disposed on the shaft 121S of the developing roller 121 via a drive transmission gear 502G that is rotatably disposed on an axis parallel to the rotation shaft 101S of the photosensitive drum 101. . When the drive shaft 500S is driven by the motor, the gear 121G is driven via the drive gear 500G and the drive transmission gear 502G, and the developing roller 121 rotates. At this time, the drive transmission gear 501G connected to the drive gear 500G is not connected to the gear 111G disposed on the shaft 111S of the developing roller 111, so that even if the drive shaft 500S is driven by the motor, the developing roller 111 Does not rotate.

ここで、駆動歯車500Gを矢印aの方向に駆動することで駆動伝達歯車501Gあるいは502Gを矢印bの方向に駆動し、現像ローラ軸上の歯車111Gあるいは121Gを矢印c方向に駆動した場合、歯車111Gあるいは121Gが受ける、歯車の圧力角の影響を考慮した力dは、感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向の成分dxを有し、現像ローラ111、121は感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向の駆動力を受ける。この感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向成分dxの力の方向は、現像ローラ歯車111G、121Gと駆動伝達歯車501G、502Gの位置関係により決定される。それに対し、現像ローラ軸上の歯車111G及び121Gに対する駆動伝達歯車501G及び502Gの位置を、現像ローラ駆動状態において現像ローラが受ける駆動力の感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向成分の力の方向が、付勢手段117、127による感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向に付勢力の方向と一致する位置とすることにより、現像ローラ駆動力による現像ローラの感光体ドラム101ヘの近接・離間方向移動は、カム部材により制限されているため、感光体ドラム101に対する現像ローラの位置変動を確実に防止できるとともに、付勢手段に必要とされる付勢力を抑制することができる。   Here, when the drive gear 500G is driven in the direction of arrow a to drive the drive transmission gear 501G or 502G in the direction of arrow b, and the gear 111G or 121G on the developing roller shaft is driven in the direction of arrow c, The force d in consideration of the influence of the pressure angle of the gear received by 111G or 121G has a component dx in the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum 101, and the developing rollers 111, 121 are approaching / separating from the photosensitive drum 101. Receives driving force in the separation direction. The direction of the force of the approach / separation direction component dx to the photosensitive drum 101 is determined by the positional relationship between the developing roller gears 111G and 121G and the drive transmission gears 501G and 502G. On the other hand, the position of the drive transmission gears 501G and 502G with respect to the gears 111G and 121G on the developing roller shaft is determined based on the direction of the force of the driving force received by the developing roller in the developing roller driving state as a component in the proximity / separation direction component to the photosensitive drum 101 Is set to a position that coincides with the direction of the urging force in the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum 101 by the urging means 117, 127, so that the developing roller approaches / separates the photosensitive drum 101 by the developing roller driving force. Since the movement of the direction is limited by the cam member, it is possible to reliably prevent the position fluctuation of the developing roller with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and to suppress the urging force required for the urging means.

以上のような構成によって、現像ギャップの変更による現像機能切替と現像ローラ駆動源とのギヤ伝達状態変更による現像駆動切替を同一の構成、動作により行うことが可能となり、装置小型化、低コスト化が実現できるとともに、現像ギャップ、現像ローラギヤ伝達状態を現像ローラ両端で感光体ドラムへの近接・離間方向移動を常時当接することで制限するカム部材により規定するため、高精度に安定した規定が可能となるとともに、現像切替時の感光体ドラムの回転負荷変動や衝撃・振動を防止できるため、出力画像の高画質化とともに装置信頼性向上が実現できる。   With the configuration as described above, it is possible to perform the development function switching by changing the development gap and the development driving switching by changing the gear transmission state with the developing roller drive source with the same configuration and operation, thereby reducing the size and cost of the apparatus. In addition, the development gap and the development roller gear transmission state are defined by cam members that always limit the proximity and separation direction movement to the photosensitive drum at both ends of the development roller. In addition, since it is possible to prevent fluctuations in the rotational load and shock / vibration of the photosensitive drum during development switching, it is possible to improve the image quality of the output image and improve the reliability of the apparatus.

図6は本発明の画像形成装置における現像ローラの駆動軸に駆動源による駆動力を伝達する駆動伝達手段の構成を示す斜視図である。図2の(a)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図6の(a)に示す。装置本体側に設けられた駆動源(図示せず)に連結された駆動軸510には、駆動力伝達手段511の一端の駆動側連結部511aが同軸上に連結されている。この駆動力伝達手段511の駆動側連結部511aは、中間部材511bを介し、現像ローラ111の軸111Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部511cに回転駆動力を伝達し、駆動源を回転駆動することにより現像ローラ111が回転する。また、同様に別の駆動源に連結された駆動軸520には、駆動力伝達手段521の一端の駆動側連結部521aが同軸上に連結されている。この駆動力伝達手段521の駆動側連結部521aは、中間部材521bを介し、現像ローラ121の軸121Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部521cに回転駆動力を伝達可能であるが、駆動源の回転が停止しているため現像ローラ121の回転も停止している。次に、図2の(c)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図6の(b)に示す。同図において、駆動軸520は、同軸上に連結された駆動力伝達手段521の駆動側連結部521aから、中間部材521bを介し、現像ローラ121の軸121Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部521cに回転駆動力を伝達し、駆動源を回転駆動することにより現像ローラ121が回転する。また、同様に駆動軸510は、同軸上に連結された駆動力伝達手段511の駆動側連結部511aから中間部材511bを介し、現像ローラ111の軸111Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部511cに回転駆動力を伝達可能であるが、駆動源の回転が停止しているため現像ローラ111の回転も停止している。   FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing the configuration of a drive transmission means for transmitting a driving force from a driving source to the driving shaft of the developing roller in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 6A shows the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. A driving side connecting portion 511a at one end of the driving force transmitting means 511 is coaxially connected to a driving shaft 510 connected to a driving source (not shown) provided on the apparatus main body side. The driving-side connecting portion 511a of the driving force transmitting means 511 transmits the rotational driving force to the driven-side connecting portion 511c that is coaxially connected to the shaft 111S of the developing roller 111 via the intermediate member 511b, and serves as a driving source. The developing roller 111 rotates by being driven to rotate. Similarly, a drive side connecting portion 521a at one end of the driving force transmitting means 521 is coaxially connected to a drive shaft 520 connected to another drive source. The driving side connecting portion 521a of the driving force transmitting means 521 can transmit the rotational driving force to the driven side connecting portion 521c coaxially connected to the shaft 121S of the developing roller 121 via the intermediate member 521b. Since the rotation of the drive source is stopped, the rotation of the developing roller 121 is also stopped. Next, the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. 2C is shown in FIG. In the figure, a drive shaft 520 is driven from a drive-side connecting portion 521a of a driving force transmitting means 521 that is coaxially connected to a shaft 121S of the developing roller 121 via an intermediate member 521b. The developing roller 121 is rotated by transmitting the rotational driving force to the connecting portion 521c and rotationally driving the driving source. Similarly, the drive shaft 510 is connected on the driven side connected coaxially to the shaft 111S of the developing roller 111 via the intermediate member 511b from the drive side connecting portion 511a of the driving force transmitting means 511 connected coaxially. Although the rotational driving force can be transmitted to the part 511c, the rotation of the developing roller 111 is also stopped because the rotation of the driving source is stopped.

ここで、駆動力伝達手段511、521は、駆動軸に連結される駆動側連結部511a、521aの回転中心軸に対し、現像ローラ軸に連結される被駆動側連結部511b、521bの回転中心軸が、それぞれの回転軸中心軸が平行な状態を保持したまま、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能に構成されている。このため、カム部材の回動により、現像ローラが駆動軸に対し、画像担持体との間隔が規定の現像ギャップとなる位置と非現像状態となる位置の間で移動可能となる。   Here, the driving force transmission means 511, 521 are the rotation centers of the driven side connecting portions 511b, 521b connected to the developing roller shaft with respect to the rotation center shafts of the driving side connecting portions 511a, 521a connected to the driving shaft. The shaft is configured to be movable in a direction orthogonal to the respective rotation center axes while maintaining the state in which the respective rotation axis center axes are parallel to each other. For this reason, the rotation of the cam member enables the developing roller to move with respect to the drive shaft between a position where the distance from the image carrier is a predetermined developing gap and a position where the developing roller is not developed.

図7は図6の駆動力伝達手段の構成を示す図である。同図において、駆動軸に同軸上に連結される駆動側連結部511aは、駆動軸回転中心軸に直交する軸511dを有する支持部材511eに対し、軸511dを中心に回動自在に支持されている。支持部材511eは、軸511dと直交する軸511fを有し、中間部材511bは、支持部材511eに対し、軸511fを中心に回動自在に支持されている。現像ローラ軸に連結される被駆動側連結部511cは、現像ローラ軸回転中心軸に直交する軸511dを有する支持部材511eに対し、軸511dを中心に回動自在に支持されている。支持部材511eは、軸511dと直交する軸511fを有し、中間部材511bは、支持部材511eに対し、軸511fを中心に回動自在に支持されている。   FIG. 7 is a diagram showing the configuration of the driving force transmission means of FIG. In the figure, a drive side connecting portion 511a coaxially connected to a drive shaft is supported so as to be rotatable about a shaft 511d with respect to a support member 511e having a shaft 511d orthogonal to the drive shaft rotation center axis. Yes. The support member 511e has a shaft 511f orthogonal to the shaft 511d, and the intermediate member 511b is supported by the support member 511e so as to be rotatable about the shaft 511f. The driven side connecting portion 511c connected to the developing roller shaft is supported by a support member 511e having a shaft 511d orthogonal to the developing roller shaft rotation center axis so as to be rotatable about the shaft 511d. The support member 511e has a shaft 511f orthogonal to the shaft 511d, and the intermediate member 511b is supported by the support member 511e so as to be rotatable about the shaft 511f.

以上の構成により、駆動軸と現像ローラ軸は、回転駆動力が伝達可能に連結されるとともに、駆動軸回転中心軸に対し、現像ローラ軸回転中心軸が、それぞれの回転軸中心軸が平行な状態を保持したまま、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能となる。   With the above configuration, the drive shaft and the developing roller shaft are coupled so as to be able to transmit the rotational driving force, and the developing roller shaft rotation center axis is parallel to the rotation shaft center axis with respect to the drive shaft rotation center axis. It is possible to move in the direction orthogonal to the respective rotation center axes while maintaining the state.

図8は駆動力伝達手段の別の構成を示す斜視図である。同図において、駆動軸に同軸上に連結される駆動側連結部511aは、駆動軸回転中心軸に直交する方向のレール部511gを有する。中間部材511bは、駆動側連結部511aのレール部511gに篏合する溝部511hを有し、レール部511gと平行な方向に摺動自在に支持されている。現像ローラ軸に連結される被駆動側連結部511cは、現像ローラ軸回転中心軸に直交する方向のレール部511iを有する。中間部材511bは、被駆動側連結部511cのレール部511iに篏合するとともに、溝部511hと直交する方向の溝部511jを有し、レール部511g及びレール部iとそれぞれ平行な方向に摺動自在に支持されている。   FIG. 8 is a perspective view showing another configuration of the driving force transmitting means. In the figure, a drive side connecting portion 511a connected coaxially to the drive shaft has a rail portion 511g in a direction orthogonal to the drive shaft rotation center axis. The intermediate member 511b has a groove portion 511h that meshes with the rail portion 511g of the drive side connecting portion 511a, and is supported to be slidable in a direction parallel to the rail portion 511g. The driven side connecting portion 511c connected to the developing roller shaft has a rail portion 511i in a direction orthogonal to the developing roller shaft rotation center axis. The intermediate member 511b is engaged with the rail portion 511i of the driven side connecting portion 511c and has a groove portion 511j in a direction orthogonal to the groove portion 511h, and is slidable in directions parallel to the rail portion 511g and the rail portion i, respectively. It is supported by.

以上の構成により、駆動軸と現像ローラ軸は、回転駆動力が伝達可能に連結されるとともに、駆動軸回転中心軸に対し、現像ローラ軸回転中心軸が、それぞれの回転軸中心軸が平行な状態を保持したまま、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能となる。この構成においては、図8の構成と比較し、部品点数の削減、省スペース化が実現でき、装置小型化、低コスト化が可能となる。   With the above configuration, the drive shaft and the developing roller shaft are coupled so as to be able to transmit the rotational driving force, and the developing roller shaft rotation center axis is parallel to the rotation shaft center axis with respect to the drive shaft rotation center axis. It is possible to move in the direction orthogonal to the respective rotation center axes while maintaining the state. In this configuration, compared with the configuration of FIG. 8, the number of parts can be reduced and the space can be saved, and the apparatus can be downsized and the cost can be reduced.

図7及び図8に示したような駆動力伝達手段の構成において、駆動軸を駆動することで駆動力伝達手段の駆動側連結部は駆動軸と同軸上に駆動される。また、現像ローラ軸は、駆動力伝達手段の被駆動側連結部と同軸上に駆動される。この場合、現像ローラが受ける感光体ドラムへの近接・離間方向の駆動力は微小であり、付勢手段による感光体ドラムへの近接・離間方向付勢力を抑制しても、感光体ドラムに対する現像ローラ位置変動を確実に防止できる。また、ここで、駆動軸に対し現像ローラ軸は、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能であるが、その位置関係を、現像状態において、すなわち、現像ローラと感光体ドラムとの間隔が規定の現像ギャップとなる位置にあるとき、現像ローラ軸と駆動軸が同軸上になるよう規定することにより、現像ローラが受ける感光体ドラムへの近接・離間方向の駆動力は最小となり、最も大きな効果を得ることが可能となる。   In the configuration of the driving force transmitting means as shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, the driving side connecting portion of the driving force transmitting means is driven coaxially with the driving shaft by driving the driving shaft. Further, the developing roller shaft is driven coaxially with the driven side connecting portion of the driving force transmitting means. In this case, the driving force in the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum received by the developing roller is very small. Even if the biasing means biasing the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum is suppressed, the development on the photosensitive drum is not performed. Roller position fluctuation can be reliably prevented. Here, the developing roller shaft can move in a direction perpendicular to the respective rotation center axes with respect to the drive shaft, but the positional relationship is determined in the developing state, that is, the distance between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum. By setting the developing roller shaft and the drive shaft to be coaxial, the driving force in the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum that the developing roller receives is minimized. A great effect can be obtained.

以上のような構成によって、現像ギャップを現像ローラ両端で感光体ドラムへの近接・離間方向移動を常時当接することで制限するカム部材により規定するため、高精度に安定した規定が可能となるとともに、現像切替時の感光体ドラムの回転負荷変動や衝撃・振動を防止でき、出力画像の高画質化とともに装置信頼性向上が実現できる。   With the configuration as described above, the development gap is defined by the cam member that always restricts the movement in the approaching / separating direction to the photosensitive drum at both ends of the developing roller. In addition, it is possible to prevent fluctuations in the rotational load and shock / vibration of the photosensitive drum at the time of development switching.

なお、本発明に適用可能な駆動力伝達手段として図7及び図8の構成を例示したが、この限りではなく、駆動軸に同軸上に連結される駆動側連結部の回転中心軸に対し、現像ローラ軸に同軸上に連結される被駆動側連結部の回転中心軸が、それぞれの回転軸中心軸が平行な状態を保持したまま、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能な駆動力伝達手段を用いることにより、本発明の作用効果は実現可能である。   In addition, although the structure of FIG.7 and FIG.8 was illustrated as a drive force transmission means applicable to this invention, not only this but with respect to the rotation center axis | shaft of the drive side connection part connected coaxially with a drive shaft, Drive that can move in the direction orthogonal to each rotation center axis while keeping the rotation axis center axis of the driven side coupling portion coaxially connected to the developing roller axis while maintaining the state where each rotation axis center axis is parallel. By using the force transmission means, the effects of the present invention can be realized.

図9は本発明の画像形成装置における現像ローラの駆動軸に駆動源による駆動力を伝達する駆動伝達機構の構成を示す斜視図である。図2の(a)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図9の(a)に示す。装置本体側に設けられた駆動源に連結された駆動軸510には、駆動力伝達手段511の一端の駆動側連結部511aが同軸上に連結されている。現像ローラ111の軸111sには被駆動側連結部511cが同軸上に連結されている。ここでは、駆動側連結部511aと被駆動側連結部511cは互いに噛み合って連結されることにより、駆動力伝達手段511は駆動力伝達状態となっており、駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸510が回転すると、駆動側連結部511aが噛み合っている被駆動側連結部511cに回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ111が回転する。また、同様に共通の駆動源に連結された駆動軸520には、駆動力伝達手段521の一端の駆動側連結部521aが同軸上に連結されている。現像ローラ121の軸121Sには被駆動側連結部521cが同軸上に連結されている。ここでは、駆動側連結部511aと被駆動側連結部511cは互いに噛み合っておらず連結されていないことにより、駆動力伝達手段521は駆動力伝達解除状態となっており、駆動源を駆動し駆動軸520が回転しても、現像ローラ121は回転しない。なお、駆動側連結部511aと被駆動側連結部511cの噛み合う各端部の形状は、現像ローラの移動方向に沿って、互いの噛み合いが逃げられるように形成されている。   FIG. 9 is a perspective view showing a configuration of a drive transmission mechanism that transmits a driving force from a driving source to the driving shaft of the developing roller in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. FIG. 9A shows the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. A driving side coupling portion 511a at one end of the driving force transmitting means 511 is coaxially connected to a driving shaft 510 connected to a driving source provided on the apparatus main body side. A driven side connecting portion 511c is coaxially connected to the shaft 111s of the developing roller 111. Here, the driving side connecting portion 511a and the driven side connecting portion 511c are engaged and connected to each other, so that the driving force transmitting means 511 is in a driving force transmitting state, and the driving shaft 510 is driven by driving the driving source. Rotates, the rotational driving force is transmitted to the driven side connecting portion 511c with which the driving side connecting portion 511a is engaged, and the developing roller 111 rotates. Similarly, a driving side connecting portion 521a at one end of the driving force transmitting means 521 is coaxially connected to the driving shaft 520 connected to a common driving source. A driven side connecting portion 521c is coaxially connected to the shaft 121S of the developing roller 121. Here, since the driving side connecting portion 511a and the driven side connecting portion 511c are not meshed with each other and are not connected, the driving force transmission means 521 is in a driving force transmission release state, and drives and drives the driving source. Even when the shaft 520 rotates, the developing roller 121 does not rotate. In addition, the shape of each end part which the drive side connection part 511a and the to-be-driven side connection part 511c mesh is formed so that mutual engagement may be escaped along the moving direction of a developing roller.

次に、図2の(c)の現像状態における現像ローラ駆動状態を図9の(b)に示す。駆動軸520に同軸上に連結された駆動力伝達手段521の駆動側連結部521aと、現像ローラ121の軸121Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部521cは互いに噛み合って駆動力伝達状態となっており、駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸520が回転すると、駆動側連結部521aが被駆動側連結部521cに回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ121が回転する。また、同様に駆動軸510に同軸上に連結された駆動力伝達手段511の駆動側連結部511aと、現像ローラ111の軸111Sに同軸上に連結された被駆動側連結部511cは互いに噛み合っておらず駆動力伝達解除状態となっており、駆動源を駆動し駆動軸510が回転しても、現像ローラ111は回転しない。   Next, the developing roller driving state in the developing state of FIG. 2C is shown in FIG. The driving-side connecting portion 521a of the driving force transmitting means 521 coaxially connected to the driving shaft 520 and the driven-side connecting portion 521c coaxially connected to the shaft 121S of the developing roller 121 mesh with each other to drive the driving force. When the drive shaft 520 is rotated by driving the drive source, the driving side connecting portion 521a transmits the rotational driving force to the driven side connecting portion 521c, and the developing roller 121 is rotated. Similarly, the driving side connecting portion 511a of the driving force transmitting means 511 coaxially connected to the driving shaft 510 and the driven side connecting portion 511c coaxially connected to the shaft 111S of the developing roller 111 mesh with each other. The developing roller 111 does not rotate even when the drive source is driven and the drive shaft 510 is rotated.

ここで、駆動力伝達手段511、521は、駆動軸に連結される駆動側連結部511a、521aの回転中心軸に対し、現像ローラ軸に連結される被駆動側連結部511b、521bの回転中心軸が、駆動力伝達解除状態においては、それぞれの回転軸中心軸が平行な状態を保持したまま、それぞれの回転中心軸に直交する方向に移動可能に構成されている。このため、カム部材の回動により、現像ローラが駆動軸に対し、画像担持体との間隔が規定の現像ギャップとなる位置と非現像状態となる位置の間で移動可能となる。   Here, the driving force transmission means 511, 521 are the rotation centers of the driven side connecting portions 511b, 521b connected to the developing roller shaft with respect to the rotation center shafts of the driving side connecting portions 511a, 521a connected to the driving shaft. When the driving force transmission is released, the shafts are configured to be movable in directions orthogonal to the respective rotation center axes while maintaining the respective rotation axis center axes in a parallel state. For this reason, the rotation of the cam member enables the developing roller to move with respect to the drive shaft between a position where the distance from the image carrier is a predetermined developing gap and a position where the developing roller is not developed.

このような駆動力伝達手段の機能を実現する構成を図10に示す。図10の(a)に示すように、駆動側連結部511aには、回転軸に平行な複数の平面を有する駆動力伝達部511bが形成されている。被駆動側連結部511cには、回転軸に平行な複数の平面を有する駆動力被伝達部511dが形成されている。現像ローラが感光体ドラムに対し現像状態となるよう、ころ部材116はカム当接面104aに当接し、現像ギャップを規定しており、このとき、駆動側連結部511aと被駆動側連結部511cの回転軸が同軸上にある。また、駆動側連結部511aは、一体に形成された回転軸方向規定部511eがカム部材104に形成されたカム当接面104cに当接する方向に付勢されているとともに、回転軸方向規定部511eがカム当接面104bに当接することで、被駆動側連結部511cに対する駆動側連結部511aの回転軸方向位置が、駆動力伝達状態となるようを規定している。この状態で駆動側連結部511aが駆動されると、駆動側連結部511aの駆動力伝達部511bが被駆動側連結部511cの駆動力被伝達部511dに当接することで回転駆動力を伝達し、駆動源を回転駆動することにより現像ローラが回転する。駆動側連結部521aも同様に、駆動力伝達部521bが形成されている。被駆動側連結部521cにも同様に駆動力被伝達部521dが形成されている。   FIG. 10 shows a configuration for realizing such a function of the driving force transmission means. As shown to (a) of FIG. 10, the driving force transmission part 511b which has several planes parallel to a rotating shaft is formed in the drive side connection part 511a. The driven side coupling portion 511c is formed with a driving force transmitted portion 511d having a plurality of planes parallel to the rotation axis. The roller member 116 is in contact with the cam contact surface 104a to define the development gap so that the developing roller is in a developing state with respect to the photosensitive drum, and at this time, the driving side connecting portion 511a and the driven side connecting portion 511c are defined. The axis of rotation is on the same axis. Further, the drive side connecting portion 511a is urged in a direction in which the integrally formed rotation axis direction defining portion 511e abuts on the cam contact surface 104c formed on the cam member 104, and the rotation axis direction defining portion By abutting 511e on the cam abutting surface 104b, it is defined that the rotational axis direction position of the driving side coupling portion 511a with respect to the driven side coupling portion 511c is in a driving force transmission state. When the driving side connecting portion 511a is driven in this state, the driving force transmitting portion 511b of the driving side connecting portion 511a is in contact with the driving force receiving portion 511d of the driven side connecting portion 511c to transmit the rotational driving force. The developing roller is rotated by rotating the driving source. Similarly, the driving side connecting portion 521a is formed with a driving force transmitting portion 521b. Similarly, a driving force transmitted portion 521d is formed in the driven side connecting portion 521c.

また、現像ローラが感光体ドラムに対し非現像状態となるよう、ころ部材126はカム当接面104aに当接し、現像ギャップを規定しており、このとき、駆動側連結部521aと被駆動側連結部521cの回転軸は同軸上にない。   Further, the roller member 126 is in contact with the cam contact surface 104a to define a development gap so that the developing roller is in a non-development state with respect to the photosensitive drum, and at this time, the driving side connecting portion 521a and the driven side are defined. The rotation axis of the connecting portion 521c is not coaxial.

更に、駆動側連結部521aは、一体に形成された回転軸方向規定部521eがカム部材104に形成されたカム当接面104cに当接する方向に付勢されているとともに、回転軸方向規定部521eがカム当接面104bに当接することで、被駆動側連結部521cに対する駆動側連結部521aの回転軸方向位置が、駆動力伝達解除状態となるようを規定している。この状態で駆動側連結部521aが駆動されても、駆動側連結部521aの駆動力伝達部521bが被駆動側連結部521cの駆動力被伝達部521dに当接せず、回転駆動力は伝達されないので、駆動源を回転駆動しても現像ローラは回転しない。   Further, the drive side connecting portion 521a is biased in a direction in which the integrally formed rotation axis direction defining portion 521e abuts on the cam contact surface 104c formed on the cam member 104, and the rotation axis direction defining portion. It is defined that the position of the driving side coupling portion 521a in the rotational axis direction with respect to the driven side coupling portion 521c is in a driving force transmission release state by the 521e coming into contact with the cam abutting surface 104b. Even if the drive side connecting portion 521a is driven in this state, the driving force transmitting portion 521b of the driving side connecting portion 521a does not come into contact with the driving force receiving portion 521d of the driven side connecting portion 521c, and the rotational driving force is transmitted. Therefore, the developing roller does not rotate even when the drive source is driven to rotate.

次に、現像機能を切り替えるため、カム部材を回動した状態を図10の(b)に示す。現像ローラが感光体ドラムに対し現像状態となるよう、ころ部材126はカム当接面104aに当接し、現像ギャップを規定しており、このとき、駆動側連結部521aと被駆動側連結部521cの回転軸が同軸上にある。また、駆動側連結部521aは、回転軸方向規定部521eがカム当接面104cに当接することで、被駆動側連結部521cに対する駆動側連結部521aの回転軸方向位置が、駆動力伝達状態となるようを規定している。この状態で駆動側連結部521aが駆動されると、駆動側連結部521aの駆動力伝達部521bが被駆動側連結部521cの駆動力被伝達部521dに当接することで回転駆動力を伝達し、駆動源を回転駆動することにより現像ローラが回転する。現像ローラが画像担持体に対し非現像状態となるよう、ころ部材116はカム当接面104aに当接し、現像ギャップを規定しており、このとき、駆動側連結部511aと被駆動側連結部511cの回転軸は同軸上にない。   Next, FIG. 10B shows a state where the cam member is rotated in order to switch the developing function. The roller member 126 abuts against the cam abutment surface 104a to define a development gap so that the developing roller is in a developing state with respect to the photosensitive drum, and at this time, the driving side coupling portion 521a and the driven side coupling portion 521c. The axis of rotation is on the same axis. In addition, the drive-side connecting portion 521a is configured such that the rotational-axis direction position of the drive-side connecting portion 521a with respect to the driven-side connecting portion 521c is in a driving force transmission state because the rotation-axis-direction defining portion 521e contacts the cam contact surface 104c. It stipulates that When the driving side connecting portion 521a is driven in this state, the driving force transmitting portion 521b of the driving side connecting portion 521a is in contact with the driving force receiving portion 521d of the driven side connecting portion 521c to transmit the rotational driving force. The developing roller is rotated by rotating the driving source. The roller member 116 is in contact with the cam contact surface 104a to define a development gap so that the developing roller is in a non-development state with respect to the image carrier, and at this time, the driving side connecting portion 511a and the driven side connecting portion are defined. The rotation axis of 511c is not coaxial.

また、駆動側連結部511aは、一体に形成された回転軸方向規定部511eがカム部材104に形成されたカム当接面104bに当接する方向に付勢されているとともに、回転軸方向規定部511eがカム当接面104cに当接することで、被駆動側連結部511cに対する駆動側連結部511aの回転軸方向位置が、駆動力伝達解除状態となるようを規定している。この状態で駆動側連結部511aが駆動されても、駆動側連結部511aの駆動力伝達部511bが被駆動側連結部511cの駆動力被伝達部511dに当接せず、回転駆動力は伝達されないので、駆動源を回転駆動しても現像ローラは回転しない。   Further, the drive side connecting portion 511a is urged in a direction in which the integrally formed rotation axis direction defining portion 511e abuts on the cam contact surface 104b formed on the cam member 104, and the rotation axis direction defining portion By abutting 511e on the cam abutting surface 104c, it is defined that the rotational-axis direction position of the driving side coupling portion 511a with respect to the driven side coupling portion 511c is in a driving force transmission release state. Even if the driving side connecting portion 511a is driven in this state, the driving force transmitting portion 511b of the driving side connecting portion 511a does not contact the driving force receiving portion 511d of the driven side connecting portion 511c, and the rotational driving force is transmitted. Therefore, the developing roller does not rotate even when the drive source is driven to rotate.

ここで、駆動力伝達手段は、駆動伝達解除状態にあるときのみ、駆動軸に対する現像ローラの回転軸直交方向の移動自由度を有する構成であるため、確実な駆動力伝達解除状態でのみ現像ギャップの現像/非現像状態切替動作を行うようカム当接面を形成することが望ましい。そのため、カム部材104は、その回動により、一方の現像ローラ側の駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態から駆動力伝達解除状態へ変更する動作を開始、終了したのち、一方の現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間隔を現像状態から非現像状態へ変更する動作を開始し、他方の現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間隔が非現像状態から現像状態へ変更する動作を終了したのち、他方の現像側の駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態から駆動力伝達状態へ変更する動作を開始、終了するとともに、他方の現像ローラ側の駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態から駆動力伝達解除状態へ変更する動作を開始、終了したのち、他方の現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間隔が現像状態から非現像状態へ変更する動作を開始し、一方の現像ローラと画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態から現像状態へ変更する動作を終了したのち、一方の現像側の駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態から駆動力伝達状態へ変更する動作を開始、終了するようカム当接面を形成することにより安定した現像切替が実現できる。   Here, the driving force transmission means is configured to have a degree of freedom of movement in the direction perpendicular to the rotation axis of the developing roller with respect to the driving shaft only when the driving transmission is released, so the developing gap is only in the reliable driving force transmission released state. It is desirable to form the cam contact surface so as to perform the development / non-development state switching operation. Therefore, the cam member 104 starts and ends the operation of changing the driving force transmission means on the one developing roller side from the driving force transmitting state to the driving force transmitting released state by the rotation of the cam member 104, and then the cam member 104 and the one developing roller. After the operation to change the interval between the photosensitive drums from the development state to the non-development state and the operation to change the interval between the other development roller and the photosensitive drum from the non-development state to the development state is completed, The driving force transmission unit starts and ends the operation of changing from the driving force transmission release state to the driving force transmission state, and the other developing roller side driving force transmission unit changes from the driving force transmission state to the driving force transmission release state. After starting and ending the operation, the operation of changing the distance between the other developing roller and the photosensitive drum from the developing state to the non-developing state is started, and the interval between the one developing roller and the image carrier is not developed. After the operation to change from the state to the development state is completed, the cam contact surface is formed so that the driving force transmission means on one development side starts and ends the operation to change from the driving force transmission release state to the driving force transmission state. Thus, stable development switching can be realized.

図11〜図13は本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。図11において、図1におけるシアン現像ユニット110において現像剤を搬送する搬送スクリュー112と113は、シアン現像ユニット110の一方の端板の外側において、それらの各軸112S、113Sに固定された歯車112G、113Gを介して互に連結されている。同様に、搬送スクリュー112と現像ローラ111ともそれらの各軸112S、111Sに固定された歯車112G、111Gを介して互に連結されている。また、マゼンタ現像ユニット120における搬送スクリュー122と123とも、図11に示すように、それらの各軸122S、123Sに固定された歯車122G、123Gを介して互に連結されている。同様に、搬送スクリュー122と現像ローラ121ともそれらの各軸122S、121Sに固定された歯車122G、121Gを介して互に連結されている。   11 to 13 are schematic side views showing the configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 11, conveying screws 112 and 113 for conveying developer in the cyan developing unit 110 in FIG. 1 are gears 112G fixed to their respective shafts 112S and 113S on the outside of one end plate of the cyan developing unit 110. , 113G. Similarly, the conveying screw 112 and the developing roller 111 are also connected to each other via gears 112G and 111G fixed to the respective shafts 112S and 111S. Further, as shown in FIG. 11, the conveying screws 122 and 123 in the magenta developing unit 120 are also connected to each other via gears 122G and 123G fixed to the respective shafts 122S and 123S. Similarly, the conveying screw 122 and the developing roller 121 are also connected to each other via gears 122G and 121G fixed to the respective shafts 122S and 121S.

ここで、非動作現像ローラ上の現像剤を感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態とする手段として、現像ローラ111、121を回転可能に支持する2つの現像ユニット110、120を感光体ドラム101に対し少なくとも近接・離間する方向に回動可能に支持するとともに回動方向の一方に付勢し、カム部材(図示せず)のカム当接面に当接させることによりその移動を規制し、カム部材を回動することにより、感光体ドラム101に対する現像ローラ111、121の位置をずらし、現像ローラ111、121上に形成される現像剤の穂を感光体ドラム101の非接触位置に移動する方法を採用している。   Here, as a means for bringing the developer on the non-operating developing roller into a non-contact state with respect to the photosensitive drum 101, two developing units 110 and 120 that rotatably support the developing rollers 111 and 121 are attached to the photosensitive drum 101. The cam is supported so as to be rotatable at least in the direction of approaching / separating, and biased in one of the rotational directions to be brought into contact with a cam contact surface of a cam member (not shown), thereby restricting the movement of the cam. A method of shifting the position of the developing rollers 111 and 121 relative to the photosensitive drum 101 by rotating the member and moving the spikes of the developer formed on the developing rollers 111 and 121 to a non-contact position of the photosensitive drum 101 Is adopted.

図12の(a)において、感光体ドラム101は、画像形成ユニットIの感光体ドラム101の軸方向における一端側固定側板(図示せず)に対し、感光体ドラム101の軸中心に回転可能に支持されている。感光体ドラム101の上流側の現像ローラ111を含むシアン色現像ユニット110と、感光体ドラム101の下流側の現像ローラ121を含むマゼンタ色現像ユニット120は、画像形成ユニットIの固定側板に対し、回動支持手段115、125により感光体ドラム101への近接・離間方向に回動可能に支持されている。また、画像形成ユニットIの固定側板に対し、付勢手段117、127により感光体ドラム101への近接方向に付勢されている。現像ローラ111、121の一端には、現像ローラ軸上に回転可能なころ部材116、126が設けられており、感光体ドラム101の軸と平行な回動軸を有するカム部材104のカム当接面104aに常時当接することで、付勢手段117、127の付勢力による現像ユニット110、120の移動が制限されている。感光体ドラム101及び現像ユニット110、120は、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における他端側の図示しない画像形成ユニット固定側板に対しても同様な構成で支持、付勢されるとともに、現像ローラの回転軸上のころ部材が同様のカム部材に当接することで移動が制限されている。   12A, the photosensitive drum 101 is rotatable about the axis of the photosensitive drum 101 with respect to one end side fixed side plate (not shown) in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101 of the image forming unit I. It is supported. The cyan developing unit 110 including the developing roller 111 on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 and the magenta developing unit 120 including the developing roller 121 on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 are in relation to the fixed side plate of the image forming unit I. It is supported by the rotation support means 115 and 125 so as to be rotatable in the direction of approaching and separating from the photosensitive drum 101. Further, the fixed side plate of the image forming unit I is urged by the urging means 117 and 127 in the proximity direction to the photosensitive drum 101. One end of each of the developing rollers 111 and 121 is provided with roller members 116 and 126 that can rotate on the developing roller shaft, and the cam contact of the cam member 104 having a rotation shaft that is parallel to the shaft of the photosensitive drum 101. By constantly contacting the surface 104a, the movement of the developing units 110 and 120 by the urging force of the urging means 117 and 127 is restricted. The photosensitive drum 101 and the developing units 110 and 120 are also supported and urged with a similar configuration with respect to an image forming unit fixed side plate (not shown) on the other end side in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101, and The movement is restricted by the roller member on the rotating shaft coming into contact with a similar cam member.

以上のような構成において、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における両端でカム部材104が回動し、カム部材104の回動軸からころ部材116、126が当接するカム当接面104aまでの距離が変化することにより、カム部材104の回動軸から現像ローラ111、121の軸までの距離が変化し、現像ローラ111、121の軸から感光体ドラム101の軸までの距離が変化することで感光体ドラムと現像ローラとの間の距離、いわゆる現像ギャップが変化する。図12の(a)において、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、感光体ドラム101に対し規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。   In the configuration as described above, the cam member 104 rotates at both ends in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101, and the distance from the rotation shaft of the cam member 104 to the cam contact surface 104a with which the roller members 116 and 126 abut is set. By changing, the distance from the rotation axis of the cam member 104 to the axis of the developing rollers 111 and 121 changes, and the distance from the axis of the developing rollers 111 and 121 to the axis of the photosensitive drum 101 changes. The distance between the body drum and the developing roller, the so-called development gap, changes. In FIG. 12A, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 has a developer in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101, and the photosensitive drum 101 is photosensitive. In the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101.

このときの現像ローラ駆動状態を図13の(a)に示す。装置本体側に設けられた第1の駆動源(図示せず)に連結された駆動軸510Sには、歯車510Gが固定され、現像ユニット110の回動支持手段115の軸115Sに対し回転可能に支持されたアイドラ歯車115Gを介し、搬送スクリュー113の軸113Sに固定された歯車113Gと連結されている。よって、第1の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸510Sが回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ111が回転する。また、同様に第1の駆動源とは別の第2の駆動源(図示せず)に連結された駆動軸520Sには、歯車520Gが固定され、現像ユニット120の回動支持手段125の軸125Sに対し回転可能に支持されたアイドラ歯車125Gを介し、搬送スクリュー123の軸123Sに固定された歯車123Gと連結されている。ここで第2の駆動源は停止しており、現像ローラ121は回転しない。   The developing roller driving state at this time is shown in FIG. A gear 510G is fixed to a drive shaft 510S connected to a first drive source (not shown) provided on the apparatus main body side, and is rotatable with respect to the shaft 115S of the rotation support means 115 of the developing unit 110. It is connected to a gear 113G fixed to the shaft 113S of the conveying screw 113 through a supported idler gear 115G. Therefore, when the drive shaft 510S rotates by driving the first drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller 111 rotates. Similarly, a gear 520G is fixed to a drive shaft 520S connected to a second drive source (not shown) different from the first drive source, and the shaft of the rotation support means 125 of the developing unit 120 is fixed. It is connected to a gear 123G fixed to the shaft 123S of the conveying screw 123 via an idler gear 125G that is rotatably supported with respect to 125S. Here, the second drive source is stopped, and the developing roller 121 does not rotate.

次に、現像機能を感光体ドラムの下流側に配置された現像ローラ121に切り替えるため、カム部材を回動軸中心に時計回り方向に回動した状態を図12の(b)に示す。感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。このとき、図13の(b)に示すように、第2の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸520Sが回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ121が回転する。また、ここで第1の駆動源は停止しており、現像ローラ111は回転しない。   Next, FIG. 12B shows a state in which the cam member is rotated clockwise about the rotation axis in order to switch the developing function to the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum. The developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined development gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101 and is disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101. In the developed roller 111, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. At this time, as shown in FIG. 13B, when the drive shaft 520S rotates by driving the second drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller 121 rotates. Here, the first drive source is stopped, and the developing roller 111 does not rotate.

このように、現像ユニットを回動支持とすることにより、平行移動可能に支持する場合と比較し、構成が簡略化でき、大幅な装置小型化、低コスト化が実現できる。また、高画質の画像出力を実現するためには、現像状態において、現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間隔、いわゆる現像ギャップを高精度に維持する必要がある。現像ユニットを回動する場合、現像ユニットを剛体と考えると、2つの現像ローラと感光体ドラムは常に平行関係を維持すると考えられる。しかし、実際には現像ユニットはある程度の弾性を有するため、現像ローラ等の回転機構を駆動するために現像ユニットに付与される駆動力が、現像ユニットを回動軸まわりにねじる方向に作用した場合、2つの現像ローラと感光体ドラムの平行関係を維持することは困難である。しかし、発明においては、現像ローラ、搬送スクリューを駆動するための駆動力は現像ユニット回動軸に設けたアイドラ歯車を介して現像ユニットに付与されるため、現像ユニットを回動軸まわりにねじる方向の力の作用半径は小さく、影響は微少となる。よって、現像ローラと感光体ドラムとの平行関係を維持することが容易となる。   In this way, by using the developing unit as a rotation support, the configuration can be simplified, and the apparatus can be greatly reduced in size and cost compared with the case where the development unit is supported so as to be movable in parallel. Further, in order to realize high-quality image output, it is necessary to maintain the distance between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum, that is, the so-called developing gap with high accuracy in the developing state. When the developing unit is rotated, when the developing unit is considered to be a rigid body, it is considered that the two developing rollers and the photosensitive drum always maintain a parallel relationship. However, since the developing unit has a certain degree of elasticity in practice, the driving force applied to the developing unit to drive the rotating mechanism such as the developing roller acts in the direction of twisting the developing unit around the rotation axis. It is difficult to maintain the parallel relationship between the two developing rollers and the photosensitive drum. However, in the present invention, since the driving force for driving the developing roller and the conveying screw is applied to the developing unit via the idler gear provided on the developing unit rotating shaft, the developing unit is twisted around the rotating shaft. The acting radius of the force is small and the influence is small. Therefore, it becomes easy to maintain the parallel relationship between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum.

図14は本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの別の構成を示す概略側面図である。図14の(a)において、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。装置本体側に設けられた第1の駆動源(図示せず)に連結された駆動軸に固定される歯車からの駆動力をうけるアイドラ歯車115Gは現像ユニット110の回動支持手段115の軸115Sに対し回転可能に支持され、搬送スクリュー113の軸113Sに固定された歯車113Gと連結されている。よって、第1の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸が回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ歯車111Gが回転する。歯車111Gと現像ローラ111の間に電磁クラッチ(図示せず)が設けられ、電磁クラッチへの通電/非通電により現像ローラ111の回転/停止を切替えるよう構成されており、この場合は回転状態となっており、現像ローラ111は回転する。また、現像ユニット120は現像ユニット110と共通の回動支持手段115に回動自在に支持され、アイドラ歯車115Gは搬送スクリュー123の軸123Sに固定された歯車123Gと連結されている。ここで第1の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸が回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ歯車121Gが回転する。歯車121Gと現像ローラ121の間に電磁クラッチ(図示せず)が設けられ、電磁クラッチへの通電/非通電により現像ローラ111の回転/停止を切替えるよう構成されており、この場合は停止状態となっており、現像ローラ121は回転しない。   FIG. 14 is a schematic side view showing another configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. In FIG. 14A, the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined developing gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101, and the photosensitive drum 101 is exposed to light. In the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. An idler gear 115G that receives a driving force from a gear fixed to a drive shaft connected to a first drive source (not shown) provided on the apparatus main body side is a shaft 115S of the rotation support means 115 of the developing unit 110. Are connected to a gear 113G fixed to the shaft 113S of the conveying screw 113. Therefore, when the drive shaft rotates by driving the first drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller gear 111G rotates. An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is provided between the gear 111G and the developing roller 111, and is configured to switch the rotation / stop of the developing roller 111 by energization / non-energization of the electromagnetic clutch. Thus, the developing roller 111 rotates. Further, the developing unit 120 is rotatably supported by a rotation support means 115 common to the developing unit 110, and the idler gear 115G is connected to a gear 123G fixed to the shaft 123S of the conveying screw 123. Here, when the drive shaft rotates by driving the first drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller gear 121G rotates. An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is provided between the gear 121G and the developing roller 121, and is configured to switch the rotation / stop of the developing roller 111 by energization / non-energization of the electromagnetic clutch. Thus, the developing roller 121 does not rotate.

図14の(b)において、感光体ドラム101の下流側に配置された現像ローラ121が感光体ドラム101に対し、規定の現像ギャップで現像剤が感光体ドラム101に接触しているともに、感光体ドラム101の上流側に配置された現像ローラ111は、現像剤が感光体ドラム101に対し非接触状態となっている。装置本体側に設けられた第1の駆動源に連結された駆動軸に固定される歯車からの駆動力をうけるアイドラ歯車115Gは現像ユニット110の回動支持手段115の軸115Sに対し回転可能に支持され、搬送スクリュー113の軸113Sに固定された歯車113Gと連結されている。よって、第1の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸が回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ歯車111Gが回転する。歯車111Gと現像ローラ111の間に電磁クラッチ(図示せず)が設けられ、電磁クラッチへの通電/非通電により現像ローラ111の回転/停止を切替えるよう構成されており、この場合は停止状態となっており、現像ローラ111は回転しない。また、現像ユニット120は現像ユニット110と共通の回動支持手段115に回動自在に支持され、アイドラ歯車115Gは搬送スクリュー123の軸123Sに固定された歯車123Gと連結されている。よって、第1の駆動源を駆動することにより駆動軸が回転すると、各歯車が回転駆動力を伝達し、現像ローラ歯車121Gが回転する。歯車121Gと現像ローラ121の間に電磁クラッチ(図示せず)が設けられ、電磁クラッチへの通電/非通電により現像ローラ111の回転/停止を切替えるよう構成されており、この場合は回転状態となっており、現像ローラ121は回転する。   In FIG. 14B, the developing roller 121 disposed on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 is in contact with the photosensitive drum 101 at a predetermined developing gap with respect to the photosensitive drum 101, and the photosensitive drum 101 is exposed to light. In the developing roller 111 disposed on the upstream side of the body drum 101, the developer is not in contact with the photosensitive drum 101. An idler gear 115G receiving a driving force from a gear fixed to a driving shaft connected to a first driving source provided on the apparatus main body side is rotatable with respect to the shaft 115S of the rotation support means 115 of the developing unit 110. The gear 113G is supported and connected to the shaft 113S of the conveying screw 113. Therefore, when the drive shaft rotates by driving the first drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller gear 111G rotates. An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is provided between the gear 111G and the developing roller 111, and is configured to switch the rotation / stop of the developing roller 111 by energization / non-energization of the electromagnetic clutch. Thus, the developing roller 111 does not rotate. Further, the developing unit 120 is rotatably supported by a rotation support means 115 common to the developing unit 110, and the idler gear 115G is connected to a gear 123G fixed to the shaft 123S of the conveying screw 123. Therefore, when the drive shaft rotates by driving the first drive source, each gear transmits a rotational driving force, and the developing roller gear 121G rotates. An electromagnetic clutch (not shown) is provided between the gear 121G and the developing roller 121, and is configured to switch the rotation / stop of the developing roller 111 by energization / non-energization of the electromagnetic clutch. Thus, the developing roller 121 rotates.

このように、高画質の画像出力を実現するためには、現像状態において、現像ローラと感光体ドラムの間隔、いわゆる現像ギャップを高精度に維持する必要がある。現像ユニットを回動する場合、それぞれの現像ユニットの回動支持手段を高精度、高剛性とする必要があるが、2つの現像ユニットを同一の指示手段により回動支持することにより、2つの現像ユニットの平行関係を容易に実現できる。また、高精度、高剛性とする必要がある回動支持手段の数が削減できるため、大幅な低コスト化が可能となるとともに、装置小型化が実現できる。   As described above, in order to realize high-quality image output, it is necessary to maintain the distance between the developing roller and the photosensitive drum, that is, a so-called developing gap with high accuracy in the developing state. When the developing units are rotated, the rotation supporting means of each developing unit needs to have high accuracy and high rigidity, but two developing units can be rotated and supported by the same instruction means. Unit parallelism can be easily realized. In addition, since the number of rotation support means that need to have high accuracy and high rigidity can be reduced, the cost can be greatly reduced and the apparatus can be downsized.

図15は本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの別の構成を示す概略側面図である。同図の(a),(b)において、感光体ドラム101は、画像形成ユニットIの固定側板(図示せず)に対し、感光体ドラム101の軸中心に回転可能に支持されている。感光体ドラム101の上流側の現像ローラ111を現像ユニット110に対し回転可能に支持する軸受116と、感光体ドラム101の下流側の現像ローラ121を現像ユニット120に対し回転可能に支持する軸受126は、画像形成ユニットIの固定側板に対し、付勢手段117、127により感光体ドラム101への近接方向に付勢されている。現像ユニット110の軸受116と、現像ユニット120の軸受126が、感光体ドラム101の軸と同一の回動軸を有するカム部材104のカム当接面104bに常時当接することで、付勢手段117、127の付勢力による現像ユニット110、120の移動が制限されている。感光体ドラム101及び現像ユニット110、120は、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における他端側の図示しない画像形成ユニット固定側板に対しても同様な構成で付勢されるとともに、現像ローラを回転可能に支持する軸受が同様のカム部材に当接することで移動が制限されている。   FIG. 15 is a schematic side view showing another configuration of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 2A and 2B, the photosensitive drum 101 is supported by a fixed side plate (not shown) of the image forming unit I so as to be rotatable about the axis of the photosensitive drum 101. A bearing 116 that rotatably supports the developing roller 111 on the upstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 with respect to the developing unit 110, and a bearing 126 that rotatably supports the developing roller 121 on the downstream side of the photosensitive drum 101 with respect to the developing unit 120. Are urged toward the photosensitive drum 101 by the urging means 117 and 127 with respect to the fixed side plate of the image forming unit I. The bearing 116 of the developing unit 110 and the bearing 126 of the developing unit 120 are always in contact with the cam contact surface 104b of the cam member 104 having the same rotation axis as the axis of the photosensitive drum 101, whereby the urging means 117 is applied. The movement of the developing units 110 and 120 by the urging force of 127 is restricted. The photosensitive drum 101 and the developing units 110 and 120 are urged with a similar configuration to an image forming unit fixed side plate (not shown) on the other end side in the axial direction of the photosensitive drum 101 and can rotate the developing roller. The movement is limited by the bearings that support the cams contacting a similar cam member.

以上のような構成において、感光体ドラム101の軸方向における両端でカム部材104が回動し、カム部材104の回動軸から軸受116、126が当接するカム当接面104bまでの距離が変化することにより、カム部材104の回動軸から現像ローラ111、121の軸までの距離が変化し、現像ローラ111、121の軸から感光体ドラム101の軸までの距離が変化することで感光体ドラム101と現像ローラ111、121との間の距離、いわゆる現像ギャップが変化する。現像ローラ111、121を支持する軸受の外周が直接カム部材104に当接するため、感光体ドラム101と現像ローラ111、121との間の現像ギャップを規定する部品点数の削減による現像ギャップ高精度化が可能となるとともに、構成簡略化による省スペース化、部品点数削減による低コスト化がする実現できる。また、現像ローラを支持する軸受の外周を直接付勢するため、現像ユニット剛性を低減しても安定して現像ユニットをカムに常時当接出せることが可能となり、部品コストの削減による低コスト化が実現できる。   In the configuration as described above, the cam member 104 rotates at both ends of the photosensitive drum 101 in the axial direction, and the distance from the rotation shaft of the cam member 104 to the cam contact surface 104b on which the bearings 116 and 126 contact changes. As a result, the distance from the rotation axis of the cam member 104 to the axes of the developing rollers 111 and 121 changes, and the distance from the axis of the developing rollers 111 and 121 to the axis of the photosensitive drum 101 changes. The distance between the drum 101 and the developing rollers 111 and 121, the so-called developing gap, changes. Since the outer periphery of the bearing that supports the developing rollers 111 and 121 directly contacts the cam member 104, the development gap is highly accurate by reducing the number of parts that define the developing gap between the photosensitive drum 101 and the developing rollers 111 and 121. In addition, it is possible to realize space saving by simplifying the configuration and cost reduction by reducing the number of parts. In addition, since the outer periphery of the bearing that supports the developing roller is directly urged, the developing unit can be always brought into contact with the cam stably even if the developing unit rigidity is reduced. Can be realized.

なお、本発明は上記実施の形態例に限定されるものではなく、特許請求の範囲内の記載であれば多種の変形や置換可能であることは言うまでもない。   The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it goes without saying that various modifications and substitutions are possible as long as they are described within the scope of the claims.

本発明を適用する画像形成装置の構成を示す概略図である。1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a configuration of an image forming apparatus to which the present invention is applied. 本発明の第1の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic side view illustrating a configuration of a developing unit in the image forming apparatus according to the first exemplary embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第2の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。FIG. 6 is a schematic side view showing a configuration of a developing unit in an image forming apparatus according to a second embodiment of the present invention. 本発明の第3の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view which shows the structure of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus which concerns on the 3rd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第4の実施の形態例に係る画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view which shows the structure of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus which concerns on the 4th Example of this invention. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ローラの駆動軸に駆動源による駆動力を伝達する駆動伝達手段の構成を示す斜視図である。FIG. 3 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a drive transmission unit that transmits a driving force from a driving source to a driving shaft of a developing roller in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 図6の駆動力伝達手段の構成を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the structure of the driving force transmission means of FIG. 駆動力伝達手段の別の構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows another structure of a driving force transmission means. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ローラの駆動軸に駆動源による駆動力を伝達する駆動伝達機構の構成を示す斜視図である。FIG. 4 is a perspective view illustrating a configuration of a drive transmission mechanism that transmits a driving force from a driving source to a driving shaft of a developing roller in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 駆動力伝達手段の機能を実現する構成を示す斜視図である。It is a perspective view which shows the structure which implement | achieves the function of a driving force transmission means. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a configuration of a developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a configuration of a developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの構成を示す概略側面図である。FIG. 2 is a schematic side view showing a configuration of a developing unit in the image forming apparatus of the present invention. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの別の構成を示す概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view which shows another structure of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus of this invention. 本発明の画像形成装置における現像ユニットの別の構成を示す概略側面図である。It is a schematic side view which shows another structure of the developing unit in the image forming apparatus of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

104;カム部材、104a,104b;カム当接面、
117,127;付勢手段、511,521;駆動力伝達手段。
104; cam members; 104a, 104b; cam contact surfaces;
117, 127; biasing means, 511, 521; driving force transmitting means.

Claims (12)

回転駆動される画像担持体の周囲に該画像担持体に対向すると共に相隣合った状態で前記画像担持体の潜像をそれぞれ異なる色の現像剤で可視像化する複数の現像手段が配設された画像形成ユニットを少なくとも1つ備え、該画像形成ユニットでの色の切換えに際し、前記画像担持体の回転中に前記現像手段の何れか一方の前記現像手段から他方の前記現像手段に現像機能の切替を行い、可視像化して得た前記画像担持体上の可視像を中間転写体に順次1次転写し、該中間転写体上の転写像を記録材に2次転写して記録像を形成する画像形成装置において、
一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段の各々に対し、前記現像手段を前記画像担持体に対して近接・離間する方向に移動するよう支持する支持手段と、前記現像手段を前記現像手段の移動方向の一方に付勢する付勢手段とを具備し、
該付勢手段の付勢力による前記現像手段の移動方向への移動を常時規制し、一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第1の位置に、及び他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第2の位置に、各々の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔を変更するカム当接面を有するカム部材を、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸上の回転軸方向両端部に設け、
前記カム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にある第3の位置と、他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となる第4の位置との間に、一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態にあり、かつ他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となる第5の位置を有することを特徴とする画像形成装置。
A plurality of developing means for visualizing the latent images of the image carrier with different color developers in a state of being opposed to each other and adjacent to each other around the image carrier to be rotationally driven. At least one image forming unit provided, and when the color is switched in the image forming unit, the developing unit is developed from one of the developing units to the other developing unit while the image carrier is rotating. The functions are switched, and the visible image on the image carrier obtained by making the visible image is primary transferred sequentially to the intermediate transfer member, and the transferred image on the intermediate transfer member is secondarily transferred to the recording material. In an image forming apparatus for forming a recorded image,
A supporting means for supporting the developing means so as to move in the direction of approaching / separating from the image carrier with respect to each of the one developing means and the other developing means; and the developing means of the developing means Biasing means for biasing in one direction of movement,
Movement of the developing means in the moving direction by the urging force of the urging means is always restricted, the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is in the developing state, and the other developing means and the image carrier The distance between the developing bodies and the image carrier is in the developing state, and the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is not developed. A cam member having a cam contact surface for changing a distance between each of the developing means and the image carrier at a second position in a state of rotation on the axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier; Provided at both ends,
The cam member is in a developing state with the interval between the one developing unit and the image carrier due to the rotation of the cam member, and the interval between the other developing unit and the image carrier is in a non-developing state. Between the third position and the fourth position where the distance between the other developing means and the image carrier is in the developing state and the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is in the non-developing state. And an image carrier having a fifth position in which the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is in the developed state and the distance between the other developer means and the image carrier is in the developed state. Forming equipment.
前記カム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、前記第3の位置から第4の位置への移動を開始するようカム当接面が形成されている請求項1記載の画像形成装置。   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cam member has a cam contact surface formed so as to start moving from the third position to the fourth position by rotation of the cam member. 前記カム部材は、当該カム部材の回動により、前記第4の位置と前記第3の位置の間に、一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態にあり、かつ他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となる第6の位置を有する請求項1又は2に記載の画像形成装置。   The cam member has a non-development state between one of the developing means and the image carrier between the fourth position and the third position by rotation of the cam member, and the other The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a distance between the developing unit and the image carrier has a sixth position where the developing unit is in a non-development state. 前記カム部材は、前記画像担持体の回転軸に対し同軸上に回転自在に設けられている請求項1〜3のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the cam member is provided so as to be rotatable coaxially with a rotation axis of the image carrier. 一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段は、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段に対し、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸上に被駆動部材を固定し、前記カム部材の回動により、いずれかの前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となるとき、前記現像手段の被駆動部材と駆動力伝達状態となるとともに、いずれかの前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となるとき、前記現像手段の被駆動部材と駆動力非伝達状態となる駆動力伝達手段を具備し、
駆動力伝達状態にて前記現像手段の前記被駆動部材を駆動するときに、前記被駆動部材に作用する駆動力のうち前記現像手段の可動方向の力が、前記付勢手段の付勢方向と同一となる位置に前記駆動力伝達手段が設けられている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。
One of the developing means and the other of the developing means are supported so as to be rotatable about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and with respect to one of the developing means and the other of the developing means, The driven member is fixed on an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and when the interval between any of the developing means and the image carrier is in the development state by the rotation of the cam member, the development When the distance between any of the developing means and the image carrier is in a non-developing state, the driving force is not transmitted to the driven member of the developing means. Comprising driving force transmission means;
When the driven member of the developing unit is driven in a driving force transmission state, the force in the moving direction of the developing unit out of the driving force acting on the driven member is the biasing direction of the biasing unit. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the driving force transmission unit is provided at the same position.
一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段は、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、前記各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を具備し、前記各現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸のそれぞれに同軸上に接続され前記駆動手段の回転駆動力を前記現像手段に伝達すると共に、前記駆動手段に対し、前記カム部材の回動により前記現像手段が前記画像担持体との間隔が現像状態となる位置と前記現像手段が前記画像担持体との間隔が非現像状態となる位置との間で、移動可能である駆動力伝達手段が設けられている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   The one developing means and the other developing means are rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and include a driving means for driving the developing means to rotate. The rotating shaft of each developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means are coaxially connected to each other and transmit the rotational driving force of the driving means to the developing means, and the cam member rotates with respect to the driving means. Due to this, the developing means is movable between the position where the distance between the developing means and the image carrier is in the developing state and the position where the developing means is in the non-developing state. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the image forming apparatus is provided. 一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段は、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持されていると共に、前記各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を具備し、前記各現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸のそれぞれに同軸上に接続され前記駆動手段の回転駆動力を前記現像手段に伝達する駆動力伝達手段を設けると共に、前記駆動力伝達手段は、前記現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸が回転軸方向に所定の距離を移動することにより駆動力伝達状態が解除され、かつ前記駆動手段の回転軸に対して前記現像手段の回転軸が、前記カム部材の回動により現像状態となる位置と非現像状態となる位置の間で移動可能となる駆動力伝達部を有し、前記カム部材の少なくとも一方には、その回動により、一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となり、かつ他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となると共に、一方の前記現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸に接続された前記駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態となり、かつ他方の前記現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸に接続された前記駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態となる位置、及び他方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が現像状態となり、かつ一方の前記現像手段と前記画像担持体の間隔が非現像状態となると共に、他方の前記現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸に接続された前記駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達状態となり、かつ一方の前記現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸に接続された前記駆動力伝達手段が駆動力伝達解除状態となる位置に、前記各現像手段の回転軸と前記駆動手段の回転軸の回転軸方向距離を変更するカム当接面が一体に形成されている請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   The one developing means and the other developing means are rotatably supported around an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and include a driving means for driving the developing means to rotate. The driving force transmitting means includes a driving force transmitting means that is coaxially connected to each of the rotating shafts of the developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means and transmits the rotational driving force of the driving means to the developing means. The driving force transmission state is released when the rotating shaft of the developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means move a predetermined distance in the rotating shaft direction, and the developing means rotates with respect to the rotating shaft of the driving means. The shaft has a driving force transmitting portion that can move between a position where the developing is performed and a position where the developing is not performed by the rotation of the cam member, and at least one of the cam members is rotated by the rotation. One of the above The distance between the image means and the image carrier is in the development state, and the distance between the other development means and the image carrier is in the non-development state, and the rotation shaft of one of the development means and the rotation shaft of the drive means A position where the driving force transmitting means connected to the driving force is in a driving force transmitting state, and the driving force transmitting means connected to the rotating shaft of the other developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means is in a driving force transmission canceling state. And the distance between the other developing means and the image carrier is in the developed state, and the distance between the one developing means and the image carrier is in the non-developed state, and the rotation shaft of the other developing means and the The driving force transmitting means connected to the rotating shaft of the driving means is in a driving force transmitting state, and the driving force transmitting means connected to the rotating shaft of one of the developing means and the rotating shaft of the driving means is transmitting the driving force. Cancel 5. The cam contact surface for changing a rotation axis direction distance between the rotation shaft of each developing unit and the rotation shaft of the driving unit is integrally formed at a position to be in a state. Image forming apparatus. 前記支持手段は、前記現像手段を前記画像担持体の回転軸と略平行な軸を中心に回動可能に支持する請求項1〜4のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the supporting unit supports the developing unit so as to be rotatable about an axis substantially parallel to a rotation axis of the image carrier. 一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段は、前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持され、前記各現像手段を回転駆動する駆動手段を設けると共に、前記現像手段を支持する回動軸と同軸上に回転自在な駆動力伝達手段を設け、装置本体に設けられた現像手段駆動源からの駆動力を、前記現像手段の回動軸上の前記駆動力伝達手段を介して、前記現像手段に設けられた前記駆動手段及び前記現像手段に伝達する請求項8記載の画像形成装置。   One of the developing means and the other of the developing means is supported rotatably about an axis parallel to the rotation axis of the image carrier, and includes a driving means for rotating the developing means, and the developing means A driving force transmitting means coaxially rotatable with a rotating shaft for supporting the developing means, and the driving force transmitting means on the rotating shaft of the developing means is supplied with a driving force from a developing means driving source provided in the apparatus main body. The image forming apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the image forming apparatus transmits the image to the driving unit and the developing unit provided in the developing unit. 一方の前記現像手段及び他方の前記現像手段は、同一の回動軸を中心に回動可能に支持されると共に、同一の回動軸上に設けられた同一の駆動力伝達手段を介して、前記現像手段に設けられた前記駆動手段及び前記現像手段に駆動力を伝達する請求項9記載の画像形成装置。   The one developing means and the other developing means are supported so as to be rotatable about the same rotation shaft, and through the same driving force transmission means provided on the same rotation shaft, The image forming apparatus according to claim 9, wherein a driving force is transmitted to the driving unit and the developing unit provided in the developing unit. 前記付勢手段の付勢力による前記現像手段の前記画像担持体への近接方向の移動を常時規制するために、前記カム部材のカム当接面に対し、前記現像手段を前記画像担持体の回転軸と平行な軸を中心に回転可能に支持する軸受部材が当接する請求項1〜10のいずれかに記載の画像形成装置。   In order to always restrict the movement of the developing unit in the proximity direction to the image carrier by the biasing force of the biasing unit, the developing unit is rotated with respect to the cam contact surface of the cam member. The image forming apparatus according to claim 1, wherein a bearing member that rotatably supports a shaft parallel to the shaft abuts. 前記付勢手段は、前記軸受部材を付勢する請求項11記載の画像形成装置。
The image forming apparatus according to claim 11, wherein the biasing unit biases the bearing member.
JP2005289613A 2005-10-03 2005-10-03 Image forming apparatus Pending JP2007101770A (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013511065A (en) * 2009-11-13 2013-03-28 イーストマン コダック カンパニー Multicolor electrophotographic print engine
JP2016533536A (en) * 2013-09-29 2016-10-27 エーペックス テクノロジー カンパニー リミテッドApex Technology Co., Ltd. Rotational force drive assembly and process cartridge
JP2018055050A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Development apparatus and image formation device

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2013511065A (en) * 2009-11-13 2013-03-28 イーストマン コダック カンパニー Multicolor electrophotographic print engine
JP2016533536A (en) * 2013-09-29 2016-10-27 エーペックス テクノロジー カンパニー リミテッドApex Technology Co., Ltd. Rotational force drive assembly and process cartridge
JP2018055050A (en) * 2016-09-30 2018-04-05 富士ゼロックス株式会社 Development apparatus and image formation device

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