JP2007097254A - Brush for electric machine - Google Patents

Brush for electric machine Download PDF

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Publication number
JP2007097254A
JP2007097254A JP2005279954A JP2005279954A JP2007097254A JP 2007097254 A JP2007097254 A JP 2007097254A JP 2005279954 A JP2005279954 A JP 2005279954A JP 2005279954 A JP2005279954 A JP 2005279954A JP 2007097254 A JP2007097254 A JP 2007097254A
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brush
electric machine
sliding surface
separate member
brush body
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Mikio Ota
幹生 太田
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Coorstek KK
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Toshiba Ceramics Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2005279954A priority Critical patent/JP2007097254A/en
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brush for electric machine where the quantity of abrasion is small and there is no peeling at a lamination part even if high spring pressure is applied to it and which is easy to manufacture and is inexpensive. <P>SOLUTION: This brush for an electric machine is provided with a cavity which opens at the sliding face of its main body and extends in the height direction of its main body, and this cavity is filled with an another member which is different in material from the brush main body. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は電気機械用ブラシに係り、特に摺動面を改良した電気機械用ブラシに関する。   The present invention relates to an electric machine brush, and more particularly to an electric machine brush with an improved sliding surface.

一般に小形モーターなどに使用され摩耗量を少なくした電気機械用積層ブラシ（以下積層ブラシと呼ぶ）は、モールド内に異種の混練粉を順次充填し、加圧成形し、得られた成形体を焼成することによって製造されている（特許文献１）。また、予め仮成形した成形体を、任意の場所に位置するように、異なる成分の混練粉が充填されたモールド内にセットし、成形して成形体を得、焼成することにより製造される。   In general, laminated brushes for electric machines (hereinafter referred to as laminated brushes) that are used in small motors and reduce the amount of wear are filled with different types of kneaded powder in the mold one after another, pressed, and the resulting molded body is fired. (Patent Document 1). In addition, it is manufactured by setting a preliminarily formed molded body in a mold filled with kneaded powders of different components so as to be located at an arbitrary place, forming the molded body, and firing it.

しかしながら、スプリングを用いて積層ブラシを付勢し、整流子に摺動させる機構では、使用初期の初期摺動時、バネ圧が高く、過剰にブラシが磨耗する原因にもなり、さらに、潤滑性を持たせるために、積層しているが、その積層部分の剥がれの問題や、積層部の切り替わり時に特性変化が生じる。   However, with a mechanism that uses a spring to urge the laminated brush and slide it on the commutator, the spring pressure is high during initial sliding in the initial stage of use, causing excessive brush wear, and lubricity. However, there is a problem of peeling of the laminated portion and a change in characteristics when the laminated portion is switched.

前者の特許文献１に記載の積層ブラシは、充填バラつき、積層部分での剥がれを起しやすく、また、後者の積層ブラシは、成形時、積層部分での剥がれを起しやすいばかりでなく、積層ブラシを製造する場合には、プレス機のフィーダーが積層分必要であり、特殊構造を使用しない場合でも仮成形体をセッティングする作業が必要であり、コスト高になる問題があった。
特開平６−３０３７４３号公報 The former laminated brush described in Patent Document 1 has a filling variation and is liable to cause peeling at the laminated portion, and the latter laminated brush is not only liable to cause peeling at the laminated portion during molding. When manufacturing a brush, a feeder of a press machine is required for the lamination, and even when a special structure is not used, an operation of setting a temporary molded body is necessary, which causes a problem of high cost.
JP-A-6-303743

本発明は上述した事情を考慮してなされたもので、摩耗量が少なく、高いバネ圧をかけても、積層部分での剥がれがなく、製造が容易で安価な電気機械用ブラシを提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in consideration of the above-described circumstances, and provides an electric machine brush that is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, with little wear and no peeling at the laminated portion even when a high spring pressure is applied. With the goal.

上述した目的を達成するため、本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシは、ブラシ本体の摺動面に開口し、この摺動面から前記ブラシ本体の高さ方向に延びる空洞部を設け、この空洞部に前記ブラシ本体と異なる材質の別部材を充填したことを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above-described object, an electric machine brush according to the present invention is provided with a cavity portion that opens in a sliding surface of a brush body and extends in the height direction of the brush body from the sliding surface. It is characterized in that another member made of a material different from that of the brush body is filled.

好適には、前記別部材はブラシ本体よりも高潤滑特性を有する。
また、好適には、前記空洞部は摺動面に直交してブラシ本体の高さ方向に延びる。
また、好適には、前記空洞部は、円柱状または円錐状である。 Preferably, the separate member has higher lubrication characteristics than the brush body.
Preferably, the hollow portion extends in the height direction of the brush body perpendicular to the sliding surface.
Preferably, the hollow portion has a columnar shape or a conical shape.

また、好適には、前記別部材の面積は、当該別部材の面積を含む全体の摺動面の面積の１／２０〜１／４である。
また、好適には、前記別部材は、使用開始前の状態では、その先端部が摺動面から突出している。
また、好適には、前記ブラシ本体と別部材接触部に、銀ペースト処理を施す。 Preferably, the area of the separate member is 1/20 to 1/4 of the area of the entire sliding surface including the area of the separate member.
Preferably, the separate member has a tip protruding from the sliding surface in a state before the start of use.
Preferably, the brush main body and the separate member contact portion are subjected to a silver paste process.

本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシによれば、摩耗量が少なく、高いバネ圧をかけても、積層部分での剥がれがなく、製造が容易で安価な電気機械用ブラシを提供することができる。   According to the brush for an electric machine according to the present invention, it is possible to provide an electric machine brush that is easy to manufacture and inexpensive, with little wear and no peeling at the laminated portion even when a high spring pressure is applied.

以下、本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシの一実施形態について添付図面を参照して説明する。   Hereinafter, an embodiment of an electric machine brush according to the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

図１は本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシの一実施形態の斜視図である。   FIG. 1 is a perspective view of an embodiment of an electric machine brush according to the present invention.

図１に示すように、本実施形態の電気機械用ブラシ１は、ブラシ本体２の摺動面３に開口し、この摺動面３から例えば垂直にブラシ本体２の高さ方向に延びる空洞部４を設け、この空洞部４にブラシ本体２と異なる材質の別部材５を充填し、さらに、ブラシ本体２の一端にリード線６を設けてなっている。   As shown in FIG. 1, the brush 1 for an electric machine according to the present embodiment opens on a sliding surface 3 of a brush body 2 and extends from the sliding surface 3, for example, vertically in the height direction of the brush body 2. 4, the cavity 4 is filled with another member 5 made of a material different from that of the brush body 2, and a lead wire 6 is provided at one end of the brush body 2.

図１〜図３に示すように、ブラシ本体２は、わずかに曲がった曲面を有する板形状をなし、電解銅粉または銀粉含有量０〜８０重量％、天然または人造黒鉛２０〜１００重量％、外率で潤滑剤としてＭｏＳ２０．５〜８重量％、例えば２重量％含む。なお、潤滑剤としてはＭｏＳ２のほかに、ＷＳ２、ＢＮ等が好ましい。 As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the brush body 2 has a plate shape with a slightly curved surface, the content of electrolytic copper powder or silver powder is 0 to 80 wt%, natural or artificial graphite is 20 to 100 wt%, In the external ratio, 0.5 to 8% by weight, for example 2% by weight, of MoS 2 is contained as a lubricant. As the lubricant, WS 2 , BN, etc. are preferable in addition to MoS 2 .

また、空洞部４はわずかに湾曲する摺動面３のほぼ中央部に開口し、例えば円柱形状をなし、これに充填される別部材５も空洞部４と同様の形状をなして円柱形状をなす。   The hollow portion 4 is opened at a substantially central portion of the slightly curved sliding surface 3 and has, for example, a cylindrical shape, and another member 5 filled therein also has the same shape as the hollow portion 4 and has a cylindrical shape. Eggplant.

このように、別部材５は空洞部４においてブラシ本体２と重なって（積層）いるので、別部材５は周囲から輪状の空洞部４により確実に保持され、使用時、その積層部分の剥がれがなく、また、特性の変化も生じない。   Thus, since the separate member 5 overlaps (stacks) with the brush body 2 in the cavity portion 4, the separate member 5 is reliably held by the annular cavity portion 4 from the periphery, and the laminated portion is peeled off during use. There is no change in characteristics.

なお、空洞部及び別部材は摺動面から垂直にブラシ本体の高さ方向に延びる例で説明したが、必ずしも垂直である必要はなく、摺動面から傾斜して延びていてもよい。さらに、空洞部及び別部材は円柱形状に限らず、円錐形状、楕円柱形状、長円柱形状あるいは角柱形状などであってもよく、周囲に鋭角の端部を有しない形状が好ましい。   In addition, although the hollow part and another member demonstrated in the example extended in the height direction of a brush main body perpendicularly | vertically from a sliding surface, it does not necessarily need to be perpendicular | vertical and may be inclined and extended from the sliding surface. Furthermore, the hollow portion and the separate member are not limited to a columnar shape, but may be a conical shape, an elliptical columnar shape, a long columnar shape, a prismatic shape, or the like, and a shape that does not have an acute-angled end portion around is preferable.

別部材５は電解銅粉または銀粉含有量０〜８０重量％、天然または人造黒鉛２０〜１００重量％、外率で潤滑剤としてＭｏＳ２１〜８重量％、例えば、６重量％含み、前記ブラシ本体２よりも少なくとも１．５倍以上の潤滑剤を含んでいる（より好ましくは２倍以上）。これにより、別部材はブラシ本体よりも高潤滑特性を有し、ブラシ全体の摩耗量を減じることができる。 The separate member 5 includes electrolytic copper powder or silver powder content of 0 to 80% by weight, natural or artificial graphite of 20 to 100% by weight, external ratio of MoS 2 of 1 to 8% by weight, for example, 6% by weight, and the brush It contains at least 1.5 times more lubricant than the main body 2 (more preferably twice or more). Thereby, another member has a higher lubrication characteristic than a brush main body, and can reduce the abrasion amount of the whole brush.

別部材５の面積は、この別部材５の面積を含む全体の摺動面の面積の１／２０〜１／４であるのが好ましい。１／２０より小さいと、別部材を設ける効果がなく、１／４を超えると、潤滑効果が過剰になり、接触抵抗が上昇する。   The area of the separate member 5 is preferably 1/20 to 1/4 of the area of the entire sliding surface including the area of the separate member 5. If it is smaller than 1/20, there is no effect of providing a separate member. If it exceeds 1/4, the lubricating effect becomes excessive and the contact resistance increases.

さらに、別部材５は、使用開始前の状態では、その先端部５ａが摺動面３から例えば１ｍｍ突出している。また、ブラシ本体２の抵抗率が高い場合には、ブラシ本体と別 部材接触部に、銀ペースト処理を施すのが好ましい。   Furthermore, the separate member 5 has a tip 5a protruding from the sliding surface 3 by 1 mm, for example, in a state before the start of use. In addition, when the resistivity of the brush body 2 is high, it is preferable to perform a silver paste process on a contact portion that is separate from the brush body.

本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシは次のようにして製造する。   The brush for an electric machine according to the present invention is manufactured as follows.

粉末成型プレス機を用いて、調合された混練粉を成形し、成形体の摺動面にこの摺動面の面積の少なくとも１／２０〜１／４の円柱形状の中空孔（空洞部）を明けるか、金型での成形時に、同時に中空孔を形成する。   Using a powder molding press machine, the prepared kneaded powder is molded, and a cylindrical hollow hole (cavity) having a sliding surface of at least 1/20 to 1/4 of the area of the sliding surface is formed on the sliding surface of the molded body. At the same time, a hollow hole is formed at the same time as molding with a mold.

次に、空洞部に充填する円柱形状の別部材をブラシ本体と異なる材質ブロックからの切り出し加工または、ブラシ本体と異なる材質の混練粉を用い、金型を用いて成形する。   Next, another cylindrical member filling the cavity is cut out from a material block different from that of the brush body, or kneaded powder of a material different from that of the brush body is used, and is molded using a mold.

この別部材を空洞部に充填する。単に簡単な充填作業ですみ、安価に製造できる。この時、別部材は摺動面からわずかに例えば１ｍｍ突出させる。   This separate member is filled into the cavity. It is just a simple filling operation and can be manufactured at low cost. At this time, the other member protrudes slightly, for example, 1 mm from the sliding surface.

別部材の原料構成は、固体潤滑剤としてＭｏＳ２１〜８重量％、例えば、６重量％含み、上記ブラシ本体２よりも少なくとも１．５倍以上のＭｏＳ２を含むようにして、別部材をブラシ本体よりも高潤滑特性にし、その主構成は天然または人造黒鉛で構成し、電解銅粉や銀粉を使用してブラシ本体の抵抗率と合わせ込む。ブラシ本体の抵抗率が高い場合には、ブラシ本体と別部材接触部に、銀ペースト処理を施す。 The raw material composition of the separate member includes 1 to 8% by weight, for example, 6% by weight of MoS 2 as a solid lubricant, and includes at least 1.5 times more MoS 2 than the brush body 2 so that the separate member is a brush body. The main composition is made of natural or artificial graphite, and electrolytic copper powder or silver powder is used to match the resistivity of the brush body. When the resistivity of the brush body is high, a silver paste process is performed on the contact portion of the brush body and the separate member.

上記実施形態の電気機械用ブラシによれば、初期摺動を別部材で行い、初期状態で整流子に潤滑膜を形成し、初期状態のバネ圧が高くとも、共摺りによる磨耗を最小限に防ぐことができ、また、別部材は周囲から輪状の空洞部により確実に保持され、その積層部分が剥がれず、特性の変化も生じず、製造が容易で安価な電気機械用ブラシが実現される。   According to the brush for an electric machine of the above embodiment, the initial sliding is performed by a separate member, a lubricating film is formed on the commutator in the initial state, and wear due to co-sliding is minimized even when the spring pressure in the initial state is high. In addition, the separate member is securely held by the ring-shaped cavity from the periphery, and the laminated part is not peeled off, the characteristic is not changed, and an electric machine brush that is easy to manufacture and inexpensive is realized. .

下記条件で作製した本発明の電気機械用ブラシを用いて寿命試験を行い、従来のブラシと寿命を比較した。   A life test was performed using the brush for an electric machine of the present invention produced under the following conditions, and the life was compared with a conventional brush.

（１）試料の作製
「実施例」
ブラシ本体：電解銅粉５０重量％、天然黒鉛５０重量％、外率でＭｏＳ２２重量％、幅５０ｍｍ、長さ４５ｍｍ、厚さ１８ｍｍ
別部材：電解銅粉６０重量％、天然黒鉛４０重量％、外率でＭｏＳ２６重量％
プレス成形：プレス加工にて、３ｔ／ｃｍ２の成形圧力で加圧成形して、ブラシ本体、別部材を成形。
組立：ブラシ本体に直径ｘｘｍｍ、深さ２４ｍｍの円柱形状の空洞部を切削加工により形成し、直径８ｍｍ、長さ２５ｍｍの別部材を空洞部に充填する。
焼成条件：窒素ガス＋水素ガスの混合雰囲気中で６５０℃焼成
「従来例」
ブラシ本体：上記実施例と同様の原料組成、プレス加工形状（但し、空洞部ナシ）、焼成条件 (1) Sample preparation "Example"
Brush body: electrolytic copper powder 50% by weight, natural graphite 50% by weight, external ratio MoS 2 2% by weight, width 50 mm, length 45 mm, thickness 18 mm
Separate members: electrolytic copper powder 60% by weight, natural graphite 40% by weight, external ratio of MoS 2 6% by weight
Press forming: Press forming with a forming pressure of 3 t / cm 2 to form a brush body and another member.
Assembly: A cylindrical hollow portion having a diameter of xx mm and a depth of 24 mm is formed in the brush body by cutting, and another member having a diameter of 8 mm and a length of 25 mm is filled in the hollow portion.
Firing conditions: Firing at 650 ° C. in a mixed atmosphere of nitrogen gas and hydrogen gas “Conventional example”
Brush body: The same raw material composition as in the above example, press-worked shape (but no cavity), firing conditions

（２）試験条件
スリップリング試験機を用い、回転数６６８ｒｐｍ、電流２０Ａ／ｃｍ２、温度１１０℃にて、４８時間運転を行い、ブラシ摩耗量を比較した。 (2) Test conditions Using a slip ring tester, operation was performed for 48 hours at a rotation speed of 668 rpm, a current of 20 A / cm 2 , and a temperature of 110 ° C., and the amount of brush wear was compared.

（３）結果
実施例は摩耗量が１．５ｍｍであったのに対して、前記ブラシ本体のみで構成した従来例は２．７ｍｍと大きく、実施例が長寿命であることがわかった。 (3) Results The wear amount of the example was 1.5 mm, whereas the conventional example composed of only the brush body was as large as 2.7 mm, and it was found that the example had a long life.

本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシの斜視図。The perspective view of the brush for electric machines which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシに用いられるブラシ本体の側面図。The side view of the brush main body used for the brush for electric machines which concerns on this invention. 本発明に係る電気機械用ブラシに用いられる別部材の斜視図。The perspective view of another member used for the brush for electric machines which concerns on this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 電気機械用ブラシ
２ ブラシ本体
３ 摺動面
４ 空洞部
５ 別部材
５ａ 先端部
６ リード線 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Brush for electric machines 2 Brush body 3 Sliding surface 4 Hollow part 5 Separate member 5a Tip part 6 Lead wire

Claims (7)

ブラシ本体の摺動面に開口し、この摺動面から前記ブラシ本体の高さ方向に延びる空洞部を設け、この空洞部に前記ブラシ本体と異なる材質の別部材を充填したことを特徴とする電気機械用ブラシ。 An opening is formed in the sliding surface of the brush body, a cavity extending from the sliding surface in the height direction of the brush body is provided, and another member of a material different from that of the brush body is filled in the cavity. Brush for electric machine. 前記別部材はブラシ本体よりも高潤滑特性を有することを特徴とする請求項１に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 The brush for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the separate member has higher lubrication characteristics than the brush body. 前記空洞部は摺動面に直交してブラシ本体の高さ方向に延びることを特徴とする請求項１または２に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 The brush for an electric machine according to claim 1, wherein the hollow portion extends in a height direction of the brush body perpendicular to the sliding surface. 前記空洞部は、円柱状または円錐状であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 The brush for an electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the hollow portion has a columnar shape or a conical shape. 前記別部材の面積は、当該別部材の面積を含む全体の摺動面の面積の１／２０〜１／４であることを特徴とする請求項１ないし４のいずれか１項に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 5. The electricity according to claim 1, wherein an area of the separate member is 1/20 to 1/4 of an entire sliding surface including the area of the separate member. Mechanical brush. 前記別部材は、使用開始前の状態では、その先端部が摺動面から突出していることを特徴とする請求項１ないし５のいずれか１項に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 The brush for an electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein a tip of the separate member protrudes from a sliding surface in a state before the start of use. 前記ブラシ本体と当該別部材接触部に、銀ペースト処理を施したことを特徴とする請求項１ないし６のいずれか１項に記載の電気機械用ブラシ。 The brush for an electric machine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the brush main body and the separate member contact portion are subjected to a silver paste process.
JP2005279954A 2005-09-27 2005-09-27 Brush for electric machine Pending JP2007097254A (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013020386A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Schunk Wien Gesellschaft M.B.H. carbon brush

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013020386A1 (en) * 2013-12-10 2015-06-11 Schunk Wien Gesellschaft M.B.H. carbon brush

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