JP2007092865A - One-way clutch - Google Patents

One-way clutch Download PDF

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JP2007092865A
JP2007092865A JP2005282279A JP2005282279A JP2007092865A JP 2007092865 A JP2007092865 A JP 2007092865A JP 2005282279 A JP2005282279 A JP 2005282279A JP 2005282279 A JP2005282279 A JP 2005282279A JP 2007092865 A JP2007092865 A JP 2007092865A
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sprag
sprags
raceway
way clutch
torque
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Nobuyuki Yamane
伸志 山根
Yoshihisa Miura
義久 三浦
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JTEKT Corp
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JTEKT Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a one-way clutch exerting a torque limiter function certainly in accordance with the size of the input torque in the transmitting direction and free of the risk that dint is generated on the raceway surface by any of sprags. <P>SOLUTION: The one-way clutch is equipped with a plurality of sprags 4 installed in the circumferential arrangement in an annular space 3 between an inner 1 and an outer raceway ring 2, retainers 5 and 6 to hold the sprags 4, and springs 7 for energizing the sprags 4 in the direction of rising within the annular space 3, wherein the sprags 4 are furnished at the outside and inside surfaces with cam faces 41 and 42 contacting with the raceway rings 1 and 2, and one of the cam faces, outer or inner, 42 is composed of a curved surface 42a and a flat surface 42b continued on its lock side to the curved surface 42a. The sprag height Hc when sprag 4 comes into contacts with the corresponding raceway ring 2 at the inflection point 42c between the curved surface 42a and the flat surface 42b is set in J<Hc<J×1.05, where J represents the spacing between the two raceway rings 1 and 2. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、スプラグを用いた一方向クラッチに関する。   The present invention relates to a one-way clutch using a sprag.

一方向クラッチには、内外の軌道輪の間に形成されている環状空間に装着されて、駆動側の軌道輪の一方向の回転をスプラグを介して従動側の軌道輪に伝達するものがある。   One-way clutches are installed in an annular space formed between inner and outer races, and transmit one-way rotation of the drive raceway to the driven raceway via a sprag. .

この一方向クラッチは、内外の軌道輪の間の環状空間にその円周方向に沿って配置される複数のスプラグと、これらのスプラグを保持する保持器と、上記スプラグを上記環状空間内で起立する方向に付勢する環状のばね体とを備えている。   The one-way clutch includes a plurality of sprags arranged along the circumferential direction in an annular space between the inner and outer races, a retainer for holding these sprags, and the sprag standing up in the annular space. And an annular spring body that is urged in the direction of movement.

上記の保持器と、ばね体とには、それぞれスプラグ用ポケットが形成されており、これらのポケットにスプラグが径方向に貫通する状態で収容されている。   Sprag pockets are respectively formed in the cage and the spring body, and the sprags are accommodated in these pockets so as to penetrate in the radial direction.

上記の構成において、一方の軌道輪、例えば外輪が内輪に対して一方向に回転すると、各スプラグは内外輪間の環状空間内でその半径方向に沿うように起立して、内外輪間で突っ張ってロック状態となり、外輪の一方向の回転が内輪に伝達される。内輪に対して外輪が逆方向に回転した場合は、各スプラグは外輪の回転に追随するように倒れた姿勢となり、外輪は内輪に対して空転する(例えば特許文献1参照)。   In the above configuration, when one of the race rings, for example, the outer ring, rotates in one direction with respect to the inner ring, each sprag stands up along the radial direction in the annular space between the inner and outer rings and stretches between the inner and outer rings. Thus, the locked state is established, and the rotation of the outer ring in one direction is transmitted to the inner ring. When the outer ring rotates in the opposite direction with respect to the inner ring, each sprag is in a posture that falls to follow the rotation of the outer ring, and the outer ring idles with respect to the inner ring (see, for example, Patent Document 1).

ところで、上記の一方向クラッチでは、伝動方向に過大なトルクが負荷されると、スプラグは、両軌道輪に対する所定のトルク伝達位置を越えて、さらに両軌道輪間に食い込もうとして、一方向クラッチ自体または内外輪が変形、破損するおそれがある。また、過大なトルクが一方向クラッチの従動側に伝達されることで、従動側の部材にも破損を生じさせるおそれもある。   By the way, in the one-way clutch described above, when an excessive torque is applied in the transmission direction, the sprag exceeds the predetermined torque transmission position with respect to both races and further tries to bite between both races. The clutch itself or the inner and outer rings may be deformed or damaged. Further, since excessive torque is transmitted to the driven side of the one-way clutch, the driven member may be damaged.

これに対しては、スプラグに形成されているカム面の一部に平坦面を設け、伝動方向に過大なトルクが作用したときには、この平坦面が軌道輪の軌道面に接触することで、その軌道輪に対してスプラグが滑りを生じるようにしたものがある(特許文献2参照)。この一方向クラッチは、伝動方向の過大な入力トルクに対してトルクリミッタのように動作し、駆動側の軌道輪が従動側の軌道輪に対して空転し、従動側の軌道輪には過大なトルクが伝達されなくなる。これにより、一方向クラッチ自体または内外輪の破損が未然に防止され、また、この一方向クラッチの従動側に連動する部材の破損も防止することができる。
特開2003−28199号公報 特開昭60−151426号公報
On the other hand, a flat surface is provided on a part of the cam surface formed on the sprag, and when an excessive torque is applied in the transmission direction, the flat surface comes into contact with the raceway surface of the raceway. There is one in which a sprag is caused to slip with respect to a raceway (see Patent Document 2). This one-way clutch operates like a torque limiter for excessive input torque in the transmission direction, and the driving-side raceway is idled with respect to the driven-side raceway, and the driven-side raceway is excessive. Torque is not transmitted. As a result, the one-way clutch itself or the inner and outer rings can be prevented from being damaged, and the member linked to the driven side of the one-way clutch can also be prevented from being damaged.
JP 2003-28199 A JP-A-60-151426

しかしながら、上記のように、トルクリミッタ機能を有する一方向クラッチにおいては、スプラグのカム面の平坦面と軌道輪の軌道面との圧接、摺動により、軌道面に圧痕が付くことがあり、頻繁に過大なトルクが入力する個所に使用する一方向クラッチとしては、好ましくない。   However, as described above, in a one-way clutch having a torque limiter function, an indentation may be formed on the raceway surface due to pressure contact and sliding between the flat surface of the cam surface of the sprag and the raceway surface of the raceway ring. As a one-way clutch used in a place where excessive torque is input, it is not preferable.

また、トルクリミッタ機能を有する従来の一方向クラッチでは、伝動方向の過大な入力トルクに対して、スプラグと軌道輪との間に滑りが生じる際のトルクの値に大きなばらつきがあり、入力トルクの大きさによってはトルクリミッタとして動作しない場合があり、一方向クラッチやその従動側の部材の変形、破損を確実に防止する上で問題がある。   In addition, in the conventional one-way clutch having a torque limiter function, there is a large variation in the torque value when slip occurs between the sprag and the raceway with respect to the excessive input torque in the transmission direction. Depending on the size, it may not operate as a torque limiter, and there is a problem in reliably preventing deformation and breakage of the one-way clutch and its driven side members.

本発明は、伝動方向に入力するトルクが過大になったときに、その入力トルク値の大きさに応じて確実にトルクリミッタ機能を発揮させるとともに、内外の軌道輪の軌道面にスプラグにより圧痕が付かないようにすることを課題とする。   In the present invention, when the torque input in the transmission direction becomes excessive, the torque limiter function is surely exhibited according to the magnitude of the input torque value, and indentations are formed on the raceway surfaces of the inner and outer races by sprags. The challenge is not to stick.

本発明の発明者は、一方向クラッチがトルクリミッタ機能を発揮する際の動作を種々検討した結果、軌道輪の軌道面に圧痕が生じたり、スプラグの平坦面と軌道輪との間に滑りが生じる際のトルクの値に大きなばらつきが生じるのは、主として、ロック時のスプラグ高さ(スプラグの一方の軌道輪との接触点と、他方の軌道輪との接触点との間の長さ)が関係するとの知見を得て、この知見に基づいて実験を重ねて、以下の構成の一方向クラッチを発明するに至った。   The inventor of the present invention has studied various operations when the one-way clutch performs the torque limiter function, and as a result, indentations are generated on the raceway surface of the raceway ring, or slip occurs between the flat surface of the sprag and the raceway ring. The large variation in the torque value is mainly caused by the sprag height at the time of locking (the length between the contact point of the sprag with one raceway and the contact point with the other raceway). As a result, the inventors have conducted experiments based on this finding and invented a one-way clutch having the following configuration.

すなわち、本発明による一方向クラッチは、内外の軌道輪の間に形成される環状空間内にその円周方向に沿って配置される複数のスプラグと、これらのスプラグを保持する保持器と、上記スプラグを上記環状空間内で起立する方向に付勢するばね体とを備え、各スプラグは、その外径側および内径側にそれぞれ対応する軌道輪に接触するカム面を有し、上記両カム面のうち、一方のカム面は、曲面と、そのロック側で該曲面に連続する平坦面とで構成され、スプラグが上記曲面と平坦面との変曲点で対応する軌道輪に接したときのスプラグ高さHcが、両軌道輪間の径方向間隔Jに対して、
J<Hc<J×1.05であることを特徴とするものである。
That is, the one-way clutch according to the present invention includes a plurality of sprags arranged along the circumferential direction in an annular space formed between inner and outer races, a cage for holding these sprags, A spring body that urges the sprags in a direction to stand up in the annular space, each sprag having a cam surface that contacts the outer ring side and the inner ring side corresponding to the raceway, and the both cam surfaces One of the cam surfaces is composed of a curved surface and a flat surface continuous to the curved surface on the lock side, and the sprag is in contact with the corresponding raceway at the inflection point between the curved surface and the flat surface. The sprag height Hc is equal to the radial distance J between both race rings.
J <Hc <J × 1.05.

上記構成によれば、伝動方向の過大な入力トルクに対して、スプラグのカム面と対応する軌道輪との接触部位が、該カム面の曲面から変曲点を越えて平坦面に移り、この平坦面が広い範囲でほぼ全面的に軌道輪に接触することで、スプラグと軌道輪との間に滑りが生じ、一方向クラッチの全体がトルクリミッタとして動作する。   According to the above configuration, in response to an excessive input torque in the transmission direction, the contact portion between the cam surface of the sprag and the corresponding bearing ring moves from the curved surface of the cam surface to the flat surface beyond the inflection point. When the flat surface contacts the raceway almost entirely over a wide range, slip occurs between the sprag and the raceway, and the entire one-way clutch operates as a torque limiter.

この場合、スプラグの平坦面は軌道輪に圧接し摺動するが、軌道輪に圧痕が付かない。これは、実験により確認されていることで、ロック状態からトルクリミッタとしての滑り状態に移行する際、両軌道輪間で突っ張ることになるスプラグの高さが、両軌道輪間の間隔に対して過大にならず、スプラグの平坦面の軌道輪に対する圧接面圧が適度の値に抑制されるためと考えられる。   In this case, the flat surface of the sprag is in pressure contact with the race and slides, but there is no indentation on the race. This has been confirmed by experiments, and the height of the sprags that are stretched between the two races when shifting from the locked state to the slipping state as the torque limiter is greater than the spacing between the two races. This is presumably because the contact surface pressure against the raceway of the flat surface of the sprag is suppressed to an appropriate value without becoming excessive.

また、上記構成では、トルクリミッタ機能を発揮する際の入力トルク値に大きなばらつきがない。これも実験により確認されていることである。上記したように、カム面の変曲点でのスプラグ高さは過大ではないから、ロック状態から滑り状態への移行が、引っ掛かりや大きな抵抗なく、滑らかに行われるためと考えられる。   Moreover, in the said structure, there is no big dispersion | variation in the input torque value at the time of exhibiting a torque limiter function. This is also confirmed by experiments. As described above, since the sprag height at the inflection point of the cam surface is not excessive, it is considered that the transition from the locked state to the sliding state is smoothly performed without being caught or having a large resistance.

より望ましい構成として、カム面の変曲点でのスプラグ高さは、内外の軌道輪間の径方向間隔の1.03以下とする。この構成では、一方向クラッチは、定格トルクの3倍以下の入力トルクで、トルクリミッタの動作をすることになり、一方向クラッチの従動側には、定格トルクの3倍を越えたトルクは伝わらず、従動側の部材の変形、破損を確実に防止することができる。   As a more desirable configuration, the sprag height at the inflection point of the cam surface is set to 1.03 or less of the radial interval between the inner and outer races. In this configuration, the one-way clutch operates the torque limiter with an input torque less than three times the rated torque, and the torque exceeding three times the rated torque is transmitted to the driven side of the one-way clutch. Therefore, deformation and breakage of the driven member can be reliably prevented.

本発明によれば、伝動方向の過大な入力トルクに対しては、その入力トルク値の大きさに応じて確実にトルクリミッタ機能を発揮させることができ、しかも、軌道輪に圧痕が付くことが防止される。   According to the present invention, for excessive input torque in the transmission direction, the torque limiter function can be surely exhibited according to the magnitude of the input torque value, and indentations can be applied to the race. Is prevented.

以下、本発明の最良の実施の形態を、図面を参照して説明する。図1ないし図3は本発明の最良の実施形態を示すもので、図1は、最良の実施形態に係る一方向クラッチを径方向に沿って一部断面して示した正面図、図2は、図1の一方向クラッチの軸方向に沿って断面した断面図、図3は、図1の一方向クラッチの一部であるスプラグの拡大正面図である。   The best mode for carrying out the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 to FIG. 3 show the best embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1 is a front view showing a one-way clutch according to the best embodiment in a partial cross section along the radial direction. 1 is a cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction of the one-way clutch in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is an enlarged front view of a sprag that is a part of the one-way clutch in FIG.

図1および図2に示すように、本実施形態の一方向クラッチは、径方向内外に同心に配置された外輪(外側の軌道輪)1と、内輪(内側の軌道輪)2との間に装着されるものであって、これら内外両輪1,2間に形成された環状空間3にその円周方向に沿って配置される複数のスプラグ4,4…と、これらのスプラグ4を環状空間3の外周側で保持する外側保持器5と、スプラグ4を環状空間3の内周側で保持する内側保持器6と、スプラグ4を内外両輪1,2間で径方向に沿って起立する方向に付勢するばね体であるリボンスプリング7とを備えている。   As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the one-way clutch of the present embodiment is provided between an outer ring (outer raceway) 1 and an inner ring (inner raceway) 2 that are arranged concentrically inside and outside in the radial direction. A plurality of sprags 4, 4... That are arranged along the circumferential direction in an annular space 3 formed between the inner and outer wheels 1, 2, and these sprags 4. An outer cage 5 that holds the sprag 4 on the outer circumferential side, an inner cage 6 that holds the sprag 4 on the inner circumferential side of the annular space 3, and a direction in which the sprag 4 rises along the radial direction between the inner and outer wheels 1 and 2. And a ribbon spring 7 which is a spring body to be urged.

外側保持器5、内側保持器6およびリボンスプリング7には、それぞれスプラグ4を収容するためのポケット5a,6a,7aが形成されており、これらポケット5a,6a,7aにスプラグ4が径方向に貫通する状態に収容されている。   The outer cage 5, the inner cage 6 and the ribbon spring 7 are respectively formed with pockets 5a, 6a and 7a for accommodating the sprags 4, and the sprags 4 are radially formed in these pockets 5a, 6a and 7a. It is housed in a penetrating state.

各スプラグ4は、外径側および内径側に外輪1および内輪2に接触するカム面41,42が形成されている。図3に示すように、外径側のカム面41は、スプラグ4の径方向中途部に設定された点Qoを中心(円弧中心)とし、半径をRoとした円弧からなる曲面となっている。この曲面は、円周方向前後に範囲Soにわたって形成されている。   Each sprag 4 has cam surfaces 41 and 42 that contact the outer ring 1 and the inner ring 2 on the outer diameter side and the inner diameter side. As shown in FIG. 3, the cam surface 41 on the outer diameter side is a curved surface composed of an arc with the point Qo set at the midway in the radial direction of the sprag 4 as the center (arc center) and the radius as Ro. . This curved surface is formed over a range So before and after in the circumferential direction.

内径側のカム面42は、曲面42aと、この曲面42aに連続する平坦面42bからなる。上記曲面42aは、内径側のカム面42のフリー側(詳しくは、スプラグ4が径方向に対して大きく傾斜した姿勢となり、内外輪1,2に対してフリーとなったときに、内輪2に近接し接触する側で、図3では右側)に形成されており、円弧からなり、その円弧中心Qiは、外径側のカム面41の円弧中心Qoから円周方向に偏位した位置に設定されている。この曲面42aは、半径Riとして、円周方向前後に範囲Siにわたって形成されている。   The cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side includes a curved surface 42a and a flat surface 42b continuous with the curved surface 42a. The curved surface 42a is formed on the free side of the cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side (specifically, when the sprag 4 is in a posture that is largely inclined with respect to the radial direction and becomes free with respect to the inner and outer rings 1 and 2, the inner ring 2 3 is formed on the close contact side and on the right side in FIG. 3 and is formed of a circular arc. The circular arc center Qi is set to a position deviated in the circumferential direction from the circular arc center Qo of the cam surface 41 on the outer diameter side. Has been. The curved surface 42a is formed over a range Si before and after the circumferential direction as a radius Ri.

内径側のカム面42の平坦面42bは、該カム面42のロック側(詳しくは、スプラグ4が径方向に沿うように起立した姿勢となり、内外輪1,2に対してロック状態になったときに、内輪2に近接し接触する側で、図3で左側)に形成されており、上記曲面42aに変曲点42cを介して滑らかに連続している。この平坦面42bは、上記変曲点42cからよりロック側へ範囲Scにわたって形成されている。   The flat surface 42b of the cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side is on the lock side of the cam surface 42 (specifically, the sprag 4 is in an upright position along the radial direction, and is locked with respect to the inner and outer rings 1 and 2). Sometimes, it is formed on the side close to and in contact with the inner ring 2 and on the left side in FIG. 3, and smoothly continues to the curved surface 42a via an inflection point 42c. The flat surface 42b is formed over a range Sc from the inflection point 42c to the lock side.

図示の実施形態では、平坦面42bは、変曲点42cでの曲面42aの接線に沿う形状に形成されることで、曲面42aに滑らかに連続している。このほか、曲面42aのロック側(図3で左側)に該曲面42aより曲率半径の短い小径曲面を形成することでカム面42の曲線部分を2段の曲面構成とし、その小径曲面の接線に沿う形状に平坦面42bを形成することで、平坦面42bが曲面42aに滑らかに連続するようにしてもよい。   In the illustrated embodiment, the flat surface 42b is formed in a shape along the tangent line of the curved surface 42a at the inflection point 42c, thereby smoothly continuing to the curved surface 42a. In addition, by forming a small-diameter curved surface having a shorter radius of curvature than the curved surface 42a on the lock side (left side in FIG. 3) of the curved surface 42a, the curved portion of the cam surface 42 has a two-stage curved configuration, and the tangent to the small-diameter curved surface The flat surface 42b may be smoothly continuous with the curved surface 42a by forming the flat surface 42b along the shape.

上記スプラグ4において、外径側のカム面41が外輪1と接触する点と、内径側のカム面42が内輪2と接触する点との間の長さが、スプラグ高さである。例えば、内径側のカム面42の曲面42aと平坦面42bとの変曲点42cが内輪2に接触しているとき、外径側のカム面41が点41cで外輪1に接触しているとすると、点42cと点41cとの間の長さが、このときのスプラグ高さHcとなる。また、内外輪1,2の回転中心Orから、スプラグ4と内輪2との接触点(図3の図示例では、変曲点42c)を通る半径方向線Rrが、スプラグ4の内外輪1,2との接触点を結ぶ線分(図3では、点42cと点41cとを結ぶ線分S)となす角度θが、このときのストラト角(くさび角とも言う)である。   In the sprag 4, the length between the point where the outer diameter side cam surface 41 contacts the outer ring 1 and the point where the inner diameter side cam surface 42 contacts the inner ring 2 is the sprag height. For example, when the inflection point 42c between the curved surface 42a and the flat surface 42b of the cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side is in contact with the inner ring 2, the cam surface 41 on the outer diameter side is in contact with the outer ring 1 at the point 41c. Then, the length between the point 42c and the point 41c becomes the sprag height Hc at this time. Further, the radial line Rr passing through the contact point between the sprag 4 and the inner ring 2 (inflection point 42c in the illustrated example of FIG. 3) from the rotation center Or of the inner and outer rings 1 and 2 is the inner and outer rings 1 and 2 of the sprag 4. The angle θ formed with the line segment connecting the contact points with 2 (the line segment S connecting the point 42c and the point 41c in FIG. 3) is a strat angle (also referred to as a wedge angle) at this time.

上記構成の一方向クラッチにおいて、内外輪1,2いずれを駆動輪としてもよいが、以下、外輪1を駆動輪とした場合の動作を説明する。   In the one-way clutch configured as described above, any of the inner and outer wheels 1 and 2 may be a driving wheel. Hereinafter, an operation when the outer wheel 1 is a driving wheel will be described.

内輪2に対して外輪1が一方向(図1、図3に矢印イで示す時計方向)に回転した場合は、各スプラグ4は外輪1の回転に追随するように倒れた姿勢となってフリー状態となり、外輪1は内輪2に対して空転する。   When the outer ring 1 rotates in one direction with respect to the inner ring 2 (the clockwise direction indicated by the arrow A in FIGS. 1 and 3), each sprag 4 is in a tilted position so as to follow the rotation of the outer ring 1 and is free. The outer ring 1 is idled with respect to the inner ring 2.

内輪2に対して外輪1が逆方向(図1、図3に矢印ロで示す反時計方向)に回転すると、各スプラグ4は内外輪1,2間の環状空間3内でその半径方向に沿うように起立して、内外輪1,2間で突っ張ってロック状態となり、外輪1の矢印ロ方向の回転が内輪2に伝達される。この場合、スプラグ4の内径側では、カム面42の曲面42aが内輪2の軌道面に圧接する。   When the outer ring 1 rotates in the opposite direction with respect to the inner ring 2 (counterclockwise direction indicated by an arrow B in FIGS. 1 and 3), each sprag 4 follows the radial direction in the annular space 3 between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2. As a result, the inner ring 1 and the outer ring 1 are stretched to be locked, and the rotation of the outer ring 1 in the direction of arrow B is transmitted to the inner ring 2. In this case, on the inner diameter side of the sprag 4, the curved surface 42 a of the cam surface 42 is in pressure contact with the raceway surface of the inner ring 2.

次に、外輪1に伝動方向である矢印ロの方向に過大なトルクが作用したときには、スプラグ4は、より径方向に沿うように起立し、スプラグ4の内径側では、カム面42の内輪2との接触位置が、曲面42aから変曲点42cを越えて平坦面42bに移り、平坦面42bが内輪2の軌道面に接触することになる。そのため、スプラグ4が内輪2に対して滑りを生じ、外輪1が内輪2に対して空転する。これで、一方向クラッチはトルクリミッタのように動作し、内輪2には過大なトルクが伝達されなくなる。   Next, when an excessive torque is applied to the outer ring 1 in the direction of the arrow B which is the transmission direction, the sprag 4 rises along the radial direction, and the inner ring 2 of the cam surface 42 is located on the inner diameter side of the sprag 4. Is moved from the curved surface 42a over the inflection point 42c to the flat surface 42b, and the flat surface 42b comes into contact with the raceway surface of the inner ring 2. Therefore, the sprag 4 slips with respect to the inner ring 2, and the outer ring 1 idles with respect to the inner ring 2. Thus, the one-way clutch operates like a torque limiter and excessive torque is not transmitted to the inner ring 2.

この場合、従来の一方向クラッチでは、スプラグ4のカム面42の平坦面42bが内輪2等の軌道輪の軌道面に圧接し摺動することで、軌道面に圧痕が生じたり、スプラグ4の平坦面42bと軌道面との間に滑りが生じる際のトルクの値に大きなばらつきが生じることがある。本発明の発明者は、このような不具合の発生は、ロック時のスプラグ高さに関係すると考え、一定の内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔Jに対して、ロック時のスプラグ高さが異なるスプラグ4を多数用意し、これらスプラグ4を含む一方向クラッチで、伝動実験を行い、スプラグ4の平坦面42bと内輪2との間で滑りが生じる最低の入力トルクを測定するとともに、その測定後、内輪2の軌道面に圧痕が生じていないか否かを検査した。   In this case, in the conventional one-way clutch, the flat surface 42b of the cam surface 42 of the sprag 4 is pressed against and slides on the raceway surface of the raceway such as the inner ring 2 to cause indentation on the raceway surface or the sprag 4 There may be a large variation in the torque value when slippage occurs between the flat surface 42b and the raceway surface. The inventor of the present invention considers that the occurrence of such a problem is related to the sprag height at the time of locking, and the sprag height at the time of locking is constant relative to the radial interval J between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2. A number of different sprags 4 are prepared, and a transmission experiment is performed with a one-way clutch including these sprags 4, and the minimum input torque at which slip occurs between the flat surface 42b of the sprag 4 and the inner ring 2 is measured. Thereafter, it was inspected whether or not there was any indentation on the raceway surface of the inner ring 2.

実験に供するスプラグ4としては、具体的には、その内径側のカム面42の変曲点42cで内輪2に接したときのスプラグ高さHcが、内外輪1,2間の間隔Jに対して種々の値をとる、21個の試料を用意した。   Specifically, as the sprag 4 used for the experiment, the sprag height Hc when contacting the inner ring 2 at the inflection point 42c of the cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side thereof is relative to the gap J between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2. 21 samples having various values were prepared.

実験の結果を図示すると、図4の関係図のようになる。図4の関係図では、横軸に、内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔Jに対する、変曲点42cでのスプラグ高さHcの比(Hc/J)をとり、縦軸には、その一方向クラッチの定格トルクTo(一方向クラッチに負荷できるトルクで、スプラグ4の個数、スプラグ4の軸方向幅で決まる値)に対する、滑りを生じた際の入力トルクTの倍率(T/To)をとって示している。関係図において、丸印(○)は圧痕が生じなかった場合を示し、バツ印(×)は、圧痕が生じた場合を示している。   The results of the experiment are shown in the relationship diagram of FIG. In the relationship diagram of FIG. 4, the horizontal axis represents the ratio (Hc / J) of the sprag height Hc at the inflection point 42 c to the radial interval J between the inner and outer rings 1, 2, Magnification (T / To) of input torque T when slip occurs with respect to rated torque To of one-way clutch (a torque that can be applied to one-way clutch and is determined by the number of sprags 4 and the axial width of sprags 4) Is shown. In the relationship diagram, a circle mark (◯) indicates a case where no indentation occurs, and a cross mark (×) indicates a case where an indentation occurs.

関係図からは、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比(Hc/J)が1.05、すなわち、スプラグ高さHcが内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔Jの5%増しとなったときには、一部の試料の内輪2に圧痕が生じ、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比(Hc/J)が1.05未満では、いずれの試料でも、内輪2に圧痕が生じないことが想定できる。   From the relationship diagram, when the sprag height Hc to distance ratio (Hc / J) is 1.05, that is, when the sprag height Hc is 5% greater than the radial distance J between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2, It can be assumed that no indentation is generated in the inner ring 2 in any of the samples if the indentation is generated in the inner ring 2 of some samples and the ratio of the sprag height Hc to the spacing (Hc / J) is less than 1.05.

また、関係図からは、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比(Hc/J)が大きくなるに従い、定格トルクToに対する滑り発生時のトルクTの倍率(T/To)がほぼ正比例的に大きくなっており、しかも、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比(Hc/J)の各値毎に、滑り発生時のトルクTの値には大きなばらつきはなく、スプラグ高さHcが一定では、複数の試料の滑り発生時のトルクTの定格トルクToに対する倍率(T/To)は、最低の値から0.5ないし0.6ポイントの範囲に収まっていることが分かる。   Further, from the relationship diagram, as the ratio of the sprag height Hc to the distance (Hc / J) increases, the magnification (T / To) of the torque T at the time of slippage with respect to the rated torque To increases almost directly. In addition, for each value of the sprag height Hc to spacing ratio (Hc / J), there is no great variation in the value of the torque T at the time of occurrence of slipping, and when the sprag height Hc is constant, It can be seen that the magnification (T / To) of the torque T at the time of slippage to the rated torque To is within the range of 0.5 to 0.6 points from the lowest value.

以上のことから、軌道輪の軌道面に圧痕が生じず、また、滑り発生時のトルクの値に大きなばらつきがないようにするには、スプラグ4の一方のカム面42の変曲点42cでのスプラグ高さHcを、内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔Jの1.05倍未満とすればよいことが分かる。なお、スプラグ4がその一方のカム面42の変曲点42cで内輪2に接するときには、該スプラグ4は内外輪1,2の間でロック状態となっていなければならないから、スプラグ4の変曲点42cでのスプラグ高さHcは、内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔Jより大きい値となることは、言うまでもない。   From the above, in order to prevent indentation on the raceway surface of the raceway and to prevent a large variation in the torque value when slipping occurs, the inflection point 42c of one cam surface 42 of the sprag 4 is used. It is understood that the sprag height Hc may be less than 1.05 times the radial interval J between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2. When the sprag 4 contacts the inner ring 2 at the inflection point 42c of the one cam surface 42, the sprag 4 must be locked between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2, so that the inflection of the sprag 4 Needless to say, the sprag height Hc at the point 42c is larger than the radial distance J between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2.

ところで、トルクリミッタとして動作する場合の入力トルクTが比較的大きい場合は、一方向クラッチの従動側に、定格トルクToの数倍の比較的に過大なトルクが伝達され、一方向クラッチの従動側の部材に与える影響が大きい。   By the way, when the input torque T when operating as a torque limiter is relatively large, a relatively excessive torque several times the rated torque To is transmitted to the driven side of the one-way clutch, and the driven side of the one-way clutch is It has a great influence on the members.

一方向クラッチの従動側の部材の強度等を考慮すると、スプラグ4のカム面42の変曲点42cでのスプラグ高さHcは、内外輪1,2間の径方向間隔の1.03倍以下とすることが望ましい。   Considering the strength of the driven side member of the one-way clutch, the sprag height Hc at the inflection point 42c of the cam surface 42 of the sprag 4 is 1.03 times or less the radial interval between the inner and outer rings 1 and 2. Is desirable.

図4の関係図において、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比(Hc/J)が1.02から1.03超となる範囲では、該間隔比の増加に比例して、入力トルクTの定格トルクToに対する倍率(T/To)が増えていると想定できる。上記のように、スプラグ高さHcの対間隔比が1.03以下では、定格トルクToの3倍以下の入力トルクに対して、スプラグ4と内輪2との間に滑りが発生して、トルクリミッタの動作をすることになる。そのため、一方向クラッチの従動側には、定格トルクToの3倍を越えるトルクは伝わらず、従動側の部材の変形、破損を確実に防止することができる。   In the relationship diagram of FIG. 4, in the range where the sprag height Hc to spacing ratio (Hc / J) is from 1.02 to more than 1.03, the rated torque of the input torque T is proportional to the increase in the spacing ratio. It can be assumed that the magnification (T / To) with respect to To has increased. As described above, when the ratio of the sprag height Hc to the spacing is 1.03 or less, slip occurs between the sprag 4 and the inner ring 2 with respect to the input torque that is three times or less of the rated torque To, and the torque It will act as a limiter. Therefore, a torque exceeding three times the rated torque To is not transmitted to the driven side of the one-way clutch, and deformation and breakage of the driven side member can be reliably prevented.

上記の実施形態では、スプラグ4の内径側のカム面42を、曲面42aと平坦面42bとで構成したが、外径側のカム面41を曲面と平坦面とで構成してもよい。その場合、伝動方向の過大な入力トルクに対して、外径側のカム面41の平坦面が外輪1の軌道面に接触して、その間で滑りが生じることになる。また、図示の実施形態では、内外2つの保持器5,6を設けたが、保持器は単一とすることができる。   In the above embodiment, the cam surface 42 on the inner diameter side of the sprag 4 is configured by the curved surface 42a and the flat surface 42b, but the cam surface 41 on the outer diameter side may be configured by a curved surface and a flat surface. In that case, against the excessive input torque in the transmission direction, the flat surface of the cam surface 41 on the outer diameter side comes into contact with the raceway surface of the outer ring 1 and slip occurs therebetween. In the illustrated embodiment, the two cages 5 and 6 are provided inside and outside, but the cage can be single.

本発明の最良の形態に係る一方向クラッチを径方向に沿って一部断面して示した正面図。The front view which showed the one-way clutch which concerns on the best form of this invention in a partial cross section along radial direction. 図1の一方向クラッチの軸方向に沿って断面した断面図。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along the axial direction of the one-way clutch in FIG. 1. 図1の一方向クラッチの一部であるスプラグの拡大正面図。The enlarged front view of the sprag which is a part of one-way clutch of FIG. 実験により得られたスプラグ高さと入力トルクとの関係を示す関係図。The relationship figure which shows the relationship between the sprag height obtained by experiment, and input torque.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 外輪
2 内輪
3 環状空間
4 スプラグ
41 外径側カム面
42 内径側カム面
42a 曲面
42b 平坦面
42c 変曲点
5 外側保持器
6 内側保持器
7 リボンスプリング(環状ばね体)
Hc 変曲点でのスプラグ高さ
J 内外輪間の径方向間隔
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Outer ring 2 Inner ring 3 Annular space 4 Sprag 41 Outer diameter side cam surface 42 Inner diameter side cam surface 42a Curved surface 42b Flat surface 42c Inflection point 5 Outer cage 6 Inner cage 7 Ribbon spring (annular spring body)
Hc Sprag height at inflection point J Radial distance between inner and outer rings

Claims (1)

内外の軌道輪の間に形成される環状空間内にその円周方向に沿って配置される複数のスプラグと、これらのスプラグを保持する保持器と、上記スプラグを上記環状空間内で起立する方向に付勢するばね体とを備え、
各スプラグは、その外径側および内径側にそれぞれ対応する軌道輪に接触するカム面を有し、
上記両カム面のうち、一方のカム面は、曲面と、そのロック側で該曲面に連続する平坦面とで構成され、
スプラグが上記曲面と平坦面との変曲点で対応する軌道輪に接したときのスプラグ高さHcが、両軌道輪間の径方向間隔Jに対して、
J<Hc<J×1.05
であることを特徴とする一方向クラッチ。
A plurality of sprags arranged along the circumferential direction in an annular space formed between the inner and outer races, a holder for holding these sprags, and a direction in which the sprags stand up in the annular space And a spring body biasing the
Each sprag has a cam surface that contacts the corresponding raceway on its outer diameter side and inner diameter side,
Of the two cam surfaces, one cam surface is composed of a curved surface and a flat surface continuous to the curved surface on the lock side,
The sprag height Hc when the sprag is in contact with the corresponding raceway at the inflection point between the curved surface and the flat surface is the radial distance J between the raceways,
J <Hc <J × 1.05
One-way clutch characterized by being.
JP2005282279A 2005-09-28 2005-09-28 One-way clutch Pending JP2007092865A (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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Country Link
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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016023680A (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-02-08 Nskワーナー株式会社 One-way clutch

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60151426A (en) * 1984-01-20 1985-08-09 N S K Warner Kk One-way clutch bearing
JPS6387332U (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-07
JPH01275922A (en) * 1987-06-22 1989-11-06 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Oneway clutch
JPH02206713A (en) * 1989-02-07 1990-08-16 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Method and instrument for measuring shape of sprag

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS60151426A (en) * 1984-01-20 1985-08-09 N S K Warner Kk One-way clutch bearing
JPS6387332U (en) * 1986-11-28 1988-06-07
JPH01275922A (en) * 1987-06-22 1989-11-06 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Oneway clutch
JPH02206713A (en) * 1989-02-07 1990-08-16 Koyo Seiko Co Ltd Method and instrument for measuring shape of sprag

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2016023680A (en) * 2014-07-17 2016-02-08 Nskワーナー株式会社 One-way clutch

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