JP2007081857A - Method for compressing/restoring image data - Google Patents

Method for compressing/restoring image data Download PDF

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JP2007081857A
JP2007081857A JP2005267358A JP2005267358A JP2007081857A JP 2007081857 A JP2007081857 A JP 2007081857A JP 2005267358 A JP2005267358 A JP 2005267358A JP 2005267358 A JP2005267358 A JP 2005267358A JP 2007081857 A JP2007081857 A JP 2007081857A
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JP4622762B2 (en
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Mutsuhiro Yamanaka
睦裕 山中
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Panasonic Electric Works Co Ltd
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Matsushita Electric Works Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an image data compression/restoration method capable of performing compression and restoration, more efficiently. <P>SOLUTION: In a data compression process, interpolation information to be used is generated, when pixels (P<SB>11</SB>, P<SB>13</SB>, P<SB>22</SB>, P<SB>24</SB>, P<SB>31</SB>, P<SB>33</SB>) that are the objects of thinning, when thinning image data (A) into the shape of a checker are restored, and the interpolation information is embedded in the information on the pixel values of pixels around the object pixels (P<SB>11</SB>, P<SB>13</SB>, P<SB>22</SB>, P<SB>24</SB>, P<SB>31</SB>, P<SB>33</SB>), only when the pixel values of the surrounding pixels satisfy predetermined conditions. In a data restoration process, interpolation of pixels is performed as objects of restoration, and restored image data (B) are generated, by referring to the interpolation information embedded in the information on the pixels values of the pixels, when the pixel values of pixels (P<SB>12</SB>', P<SB>14</SB>', P<SB>21</SB>', P<SB>23</SB>', P<SB>32</SB>', P<SB>34</SB>') in compressed data (B) that are to be the pixels around those pixels as objects of restoration satisfy the predetermined conditions, and without referring to the interpolation information, when the pixel values do not satisfy the condition, respectively. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、画像データを圧縮して保存や伝送し、利用する際に復元する画像データ圧縮・復元方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to an image data compression / decompression method for compressing image data for storage, transmission, and restoration when used.

複雑な計算が必要な周波数空間への変換などを行わずに、簡易な計算処理で画像データを圧縮する手法として、二次元分布するデータを間引くという方法がある(例えば特許文献1)。   As a technique for compressing image data by simple calculation processing without performing conversion to a frequency space that requires complicated calculation, there is a method of thinning out data that is two-dimensionally distributed (for example, Patent Document 1).

この特許文献1に開示されている方法は市松模様状に画素の情報を間引いてデータを圧縮し、間引かれて欠落した画素の値は間引かれずに残った周辺の12個の画素の値から図形のパターンを解析して補間処理により復元するという方法である。   The method disclosed in this Patent Document 1 compresses data by thinning out pixel information in a checkered pattern, and the values of 12 pixels in the vicinity that remain without being thinned out are omitted. Then, the pattern of the figure is analyzed and restored by interpolation processing.

さらに、データ復元過程で実施される補間計算を予め想定してその一次結合(一次式)の方法を決めておく、という方法も従来からある(例えば特許文献2)。   Furthermore, there is also a conventional method in which an interpolation calculation performed in the data restoration process is assumed in advance and a method of the linear combination (primary expression) is determined (for example, Patent Document 2).

これらの何れの従来の方法でも広範囲の画素の値を調べて図形パターンを把握することにより、再現性向上に有用な方法である。   Any of these conventional methods is useful for improving reproducibility by checking a wide range of pixel values and grasping a graphic pattern.

また、動画像の画素を市松模様状に間引く際に、当フレーム及び時間的に前後に位置するフレームにある周辺の画素の値から、相関性の高い方向を選択、または、方向性はないとの判断を行って、間引かれる画素毎にクラス分けを行ってその情報を伝送し、復元時にはクラス分けに従って係数を決めて周辺画素の一次結合(一次式)で補間計算する方法も従来からある(例えば特許文献3)。   In addition, when thinning out the pixels of a moving image in a checkered pattern, a direction with high correlation is selected from the values of surrounding pixels in the current frame and a frame positioned before and after in time, or there is no directionality There is also a conventional method in which classification is performed for each pixel to be thinned out and the information is transmitted, and when restoration is performed, a coefficient is determined according to the classification and interpolation calculation is performed by linear combination (primary expression) of surrounding pixels. (For example, patent document 3).

この特許文献3に開示されている方法は、圧縮過程では間引かれて欠落する画素の値とその周辺の画素の値を元に補間情報を生成しておき、復元過程では補間情報を参照して画素補間演算を行うもので、再現性向上に有用である。   In the method disclosed in Patent Document 3, interpolation information is generated based on the values of pixels that are thinned out and lost in the compression process and the values of surrounding pixels, and the interpolation information is referred to in the restoration process. This is useful for improving reproducibility.

また8ビット単位で扱われることが多い画像データのフォーマットに着目して、1画素の情報を保存するのに必要なビット数との差である空きビットに格納することで、補間情報を保存する方法が提供されている(例えば特許文献4)。
特開昭52−34635号公報(第2頁右上欄第8行乃至第3頁第左上欄第19行) 特開昭63−48088号公報(第2頁右上欄第11行乃至左下欄第3行) 特開平7−46589号公報(段落0012,0013) 特開2004−23445号公報(第1頁左欄の解決手段の項)
In addition, paying attention to the format of image data that is often handled in units of 8 bits, interpolation information is saved by storing it in empty bits that are the difference from the number of bits necessary to save information of one pixel. A method is provided (for example, Patent Document 4).
JP-A-52-34635 (page 2, upper right column, line 8 to page 3, upper left column, line 19) JP 63-48088 (second page, upper right column, line 11 to lower left column, third line) JP 7-46589 A (paragraphs 0012 and 0013) JP 2004-23445 A (Solution means in the left column of the first page)

ところで、市松模様状に欠落した画素の値を補間で再現する場合に、特許文献1や特許文献2に開示されている方法を用いると、間引かれる画素周辺の画素の画素値を広い範囲で参照することで図形の特性を把握することができ、復元時の再現性が向上するという利点があるものの、演算規模が大きくなるという問題があった。   By the way, when the pixel values missing in the checkered pattern are reproduced by interpolation, the pixel values of the pixels around the pixels to be thinned out are widened by using the methods disclosed in Patent Document 1 and Patent Document 2. Although there is an advantage that the characteristic of the figure can be grasped by referring to it and the reproducibility at the time of restoration is improved, there is a problem that the operation scale becomes large.

また特許文献3に開示されている画素補間に有用な情報を図形の特性把握により生成して保存しておく方法では、演算規模拡大に加えて、図形の特性を表現するには補間借報の量が大きくなるという問題があった。また動画像の時間的に前後に位置するフレームにある周辺の画素の値も参照するので、前後の画像を一次記憶するためのメモリも必要になるという問題もあった。   In addition, in the method of generating and storing information useful for pixel interpolation disclosed in Patent Document 3 by grasping the characteristics of a figure, in addition to the expansion of the operation scale, in order to express the characteristics of the figure, an interpolation loan There was a problem that the amount became large. In addition, since the values of neighboring pixels in the frames positioned before and after the moving image are also referred to, there is a problem that a memory for temporarily storing the preceding and following images is required.

一方デジタル画像では256階調の8ビットのデータが多く用いられるが、この場合には、間引かれずに残る画素のデータは画像データのフォーマットに整合して格納されるので空きビットは生じず、そのため特許文献4に開示されている方法は利用できない。   On the other hand, 8-bit data of 256 gradations is often used in digital images, but in this case, the remaining pixel data without being thinned out is stored in conformity with the format of the image data, so there are no vacant bits. Therefore, the method disclosed in Patent Document 4 cannot be used.

そのためデータ量、演算量の抑制・低減によって圧縮復元の効率化が図れる画像データ圧縮・復元の方法が希求されていた。   Therefore, an image data compression / decompression method that can improve the efficiency of compression / decompression by suppressing / reducing the data amount and the calculation amount has been demanded.

本発明は、上記の問題点に鑑みて為されたもので、その目的とするところは、圧縮復元の効率化が図れる画像データ圧縮・復元方法を提供することにある。   The present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an image data compression / decompression method capable of improving the efficiency of compression / decompression.

上述の目的を達成するために、請求項1の発明は、画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素周辺の画素の画素値が所定の条件を満たす場合にのみ、前記間引き対象画素を復元する際に利用する補間情報を生成し、データ復元過程においては、復元対象画素周辺の画素の画素値が前記所定の条件と同じ条件を満たす場合に、前記補間情報を参照して復元対象画素の補間を行い、満たさない場合に補間情報を参照せずに復元対象画素の補間を行うことを特徴とすることを特徴とする。   In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention of claim 1 compresses image data by thinning out pixel information, and the values of pixels that have been thinned out and left behind without being thinned out are omitted. An image data compression / restoration method that interpolates and restores from a value, and in the data compression process, only when the pixel values of pixels around the thinning target pixel satisfy a predetermined condition, the thinning target pixel is restored Interpolation information to be used is generated, and in the data restoration process, when the pixel values of the pixels around the restoration target pixel satisfy the same condition as the predetermined condition, the restoration target pixel is interpolated with reference to the interpolation information. When not satisfied, the restoration target pixel is interpolated without referring to the interpolation information.

請求項1の発明によれば、条件を満たす場合に限り、補間情報が生成され、また参照されるため、画像データ全体として圧縮、復元の際のデータ量、演算量を抑制・低減することができ、効率化が図れる。   According to the first aspect of the present invention, since interpolation information is generated and referred to only when the condition is satisfied, it is possible to suppress / reduce the amount of data and the amount of calculation when compressing and restoring the entire image data. Can be made more efficient.

請求項2の発明は、請求項1の発明において、前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値において、上下の画素の画素値の平均値と、左右の画素の画素値の平均値との間で所定以上の差がある場合にのみ前記間引き対象画素の前記補間情報を生成することを特徴とする。   According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the invention, in the pixel values of four pixels adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions of the thinning target pixel, the average value of the pixel values of the upper and lower pixels and the average value of the pixel values of the left and right pixels The interpolation information of the pixel to be thinned out is generated only when there is a predetermined difference or more from the value.

請求項2の発明によれば、大きく明暗の変化する部分における画素において補間情報が生成されるため、該補間情報により当該部分の画像が復元されても明暗の変化が大きくて画像としての違和感が小さく、また画素値が均一な部分においては補間情報が生成されることがないため、画質の低下がなく、画素値が均一な部分の復元画像に違和感を生じない。   According to the second aspect of the invention, since the interpolation information is generated in the pixel in the portion where the brightness changes greatly, even if the image of the portion is restored by the interpolation information, the change in brightness is large and the image is uncomfortable. Interpolation information is not generated in a portion having a small pixel value and a uniform pixel value. Therefore, there is no deterioration in image quality, and a restored image in a portion having a uniform pixel value does not feel strange.

請求項3の発明は、請求項1の発明において、前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値において、最大値と最小値との間で所定以上の差がある場合にのみ前記間引き対象画素の前記補間情報を生成することを特徴とする。   According to a third aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the present invention, the pixel values of four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions only when there is a difference of a predetermined value or more between a maximum value and a minimum value. The interpolation information of the thinning target pixels is generated.

請求項3の発明によれば、請求項2の発明と同様に、大きく明暗の変化する部分における画素において補間情報が生成されるため、該補間情報により当該部分の画像が復元されても明暗の変化が大きくて画像としての違和感が小さく、また画素値が均一な部分においては補間情報が生成されることがないため、画質の低下がなく、画素値が均一な部分の復元画像に違和感を生じない。   According to the invention of claim 3, as in the invention of claim 2, since the interpolation information is generated at the pixel in the portion where the brightness changes greatly, even if the image of the portion is restored by the interpolation information, Since the change is large and the sense of incongruity as an image is small, and no interpolation information is generated in a portion where the pixel value is uniform, there is no deterioration in the image quality, and there is a sense of discomfort in the restored image where the pixel value is uniform. Absent.

請求項4の発明では、画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素周辺の画素の画素値から前記間引き対象画素を補間演算で復元する際に用いる補間情報を生成し、間引かれずに残る画素の画素値のデータの下位少なくとも1ビットを置き換えて前記生成した情報を格納することを特徴とする。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, image data compression is performed by compressing image data by thinning out pixel information, and interpolating and restoring the values of pixels that have been thinned out and lacking information from the values of surrounding pixels remaining without being thinned out. In the data compression process, in the data compression process, interpolation information used when restoring the thinning target pixel by interpolation calculation from pixel values of pixels around the thinning target pixel is generated, and the pixels of the pixels that remain without being thinned The generated information is stored by replacing at least one lower bit of the value data.

請求項4の発明によれば、補間情報によりデータ量を増えないようにすることで、圧縮・復元の効率化が図れる。   According to the invention of claim 4, the compression / decompression efficiency can be improved by preventing the amount of data from being increased by the interpolation information.

請求項5の発明では、画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素の画素値と、前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を大きさ順に並べた数列との相対関係を、間引かれた各画素毎の補間情報として画像データに格納し、データ復元過程においては、間引かれた画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を大きさ順に並べた数列から前記補間情報を用いて欠落した画素を再現することを特徴とする。   According to the fifth aspect of the present invention, image data compression is performed by compressing image data by thinning out pixel information, and interpolating and restoring the values of pixels that have been thinned out and have lost information without being thinned out. In the data compression process, in the data compression process, the relative relationship between the pixel value of the thinning target pixel and the numerical sequence in which the pixel values of the four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel are arranged in order of size is Interpolated information for each subtracted pixel is stored in the image data, and in the data restoration process, the interpolation information is obtained from a numerical sequence in which pixel values of four pixels adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions of the thinned pixel are arranged in order of size. It is characterized by reproducing missing pixels by using them.

請求項5の発明によれば、補間情報そのものを簡素にすることによって、圧縮・復元の効率化が図れる。   According to the invention of claim 5, the compression / decompression efficiency can be improved by simplifying the interpolation information itself.

請求項6の発明では、輝度信号と色差信号からなるカラー画像データに対応して、画素の輝度情報又は色差情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素の輝度情報又は色差情報の補間情報を、間引き対象の画素の周辺画素の輝度信号と色差信号とに分割して埋め込むことを特徴とする。   According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, the image data is compressed by thinning out the luminance information or the color difference information of the pixel corresponding to the color image data composed of the luminance signal and the color difference signal, and the value of the pixel from which the information is lost due to the thinning is obtained. An image data compression / restoration method that interpolates and restores the values of surrounding pixels that remain without being thinned. In the data compression process, the luminance information or the color difference information of the thinning target pixel is converted into the thinning target pixel. The luminance signal and the color difference signal of the surrounding pixels are divided and embedded.

請求項6の発明によれば、画像データ復元に用いる補間情報を周辺画素の輝度信号と色差信号に埋め込むことで、データ量を増やすことなく画像データの圧縮・復元の効率化が図れる。   According to the sixth aspect of the invention, by embedding the interpolation information used for image data restoration in the luminance signal and color difference signal of the peripheral pixels, it is possible to improve the efficiency of compression / decompression of the image data without increasing the data amount.

本発明は、画像データの圧縮・復元の効率化が図れるという効果がある。   The present invention has an effect of improving the efficiency of compression / decompression of image data.

以下本発明を実施形態により説明する。   Embodiments of the present invention will be described below.

図1は本実施形態の画像データ圧縮・復元方法の基本的な流れを示しており、画像データAを図1(a)に示すように市松模様状に画素(×印の画素)を間引いて圧縮する際には、各間引き対象画素(P11,P13、P22,P24、P31,P33)毎に、周辺の間引き対象外の画素の値を解析し所定の条件を満たしているか否かを判断するとともに、条件を満たしていると判断された場合のみ間引き対象画素を復元する際に用いる補間情報を、当該間引き対象画素の周辺の間引き対象外の画素値データを改変して埋め込む処理を行う過程とを経て、間引き対象外の画素(P12’,P14’、P21’,P23’、P32’,P34’)からなる圧縮データBが得られることになる(図1(b))。 FIG. 1 shows the basic flow of the image data compression / decompression method of the present embodiment. As shown in FIG. 1 (a), the image data A is thinned out in a checkered pattern (pixels marked with x). When compressing, for each thinning target pixel (P 11 , P 13 , P 22 , P 24 , P 31 , P 33 ), the values of the pixels that are not thinning out are analyzed to satisfy a predetermined condition. The interpolation information used when restoring the pixel to be thinned out only when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, and the pixel value data outside the thinning target around the thinning target pixel are modified Through the process of embedding, compressed data B composed of pixels (P 12 ′, P 14 ′, P 21 ′, P 23 ′, P 32 ′, P 34 ′) not to be thinned out is obtained. (FIG. 1 (b)).

また圧縮データBから画像データを復元する際には、間引き対象画素(P11,P13、P21,P23、P31,P33)に対応する復元対象画素の周辺となる画素(P12’,P14’、P21’,P23’、P32’,P34’)の画素値(輝度値)を解析して所定の条件を満たしているか否かを判断する。例えば図1(a)において間引き対象画素P22に対する補間情報を画素P21に埋め込んで圧縮した場合には、復元時には復元対象画素P22’ 周辺の画素P12’,P21’,P23’、P32’の画素値の解析を行って所定の条件を満たしているか否かの判断を行うのである。そして条件を満たしている判断された場合のみ、周辺画素の情報に埋め込まれている補間情報を読み出し、この補間情報を参照して間引かれた欠落している復元対象画素の画素値を補間演算する過程を経て、全ての復元対象画素に対する補間処理が終了したときに元の画像データと同じデータ量の復元画像データCが得られることになる(図1(c))。 Further, when restoring the image data from the compressed data B, pixels (P 12 ) around the restoration target pixel corresponding to the thinning target pixels (P 11 , P 13 , P 21 , P 23 , P 31 , P 33 ). ', P 14 ', P 21 ', P 23 ', P 32 ', P 34 ') are analyzed to determine whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied. When compressed embedded in the pixel P 21 of the interpolation data for the thinned out pixel P 22 in FIG. 1 (a) for example, restored pixel P 22 'pixels P 12 near' during recovery, P 21 ', P 23' P 32 ′ is analyzed to determine whether or not a predetermined condition is satisfied. Only when it is determined that the condition is satisfied, the interpolation information embedded in the information of the surrounding pixels is read, and the pixel value of the missing restoration target pixel thinned out by referring to this interpolation information is interpolated. Through this process, restored image data C having the same amount of data as the original image data is obtained when the interpolation processing for all the restoration target pixels is completed (FIG. 1C).

尚符号Pに付けている2桁の添え字は画素の座標上の位置を示し、Pはその画素の画素値(例えば輝度値)を表すものとし、以後も同様とする。   Note that the 2-digit subscript attached to the symbol P indicates the position of the pixel on the coordinates, and P represents the pixel value (for example, the luminance value) of the pixel, and so on.

次に本実施形態の画像データ圧縮・復元方法を更に具体的に詳説する。
図2(a)は画像データ圧縮・復元方法を用いた画像処理装置の画像データ圧縮部(I)のブロック図を、図2(b)は画像データ復元部(II)とのブロック図を示す。
Next, the image data compression / decompression method of this embodiment will be described in more detail.
2A is a block diagram of the image data compression unit (I) of the image processing apparatus using the image data compression / decompression method, and FIG. 2B is a block diagram of the image data restoration unit (II). .

画像データ圧縮部(I)は、圧縮対象となる画像データAから市松模様状に画素を間引くために間引き対象画素の座標を設定する対象画素座標設定部1と、各間引き対象画素毎に、間引かれて欠落した画素を復元する際の手助けとなる補間情報を生成するか否かの判断を行う補間情報・要/不要判断部2と、補間情報が必要と判断されたときに補間情報を生成する補間情報生成処理部3と、生成された補間情報を隣接する間引き対象外の画素の画素値データに埋め込む処理を行いながら間引き対象外の画素を抽出して圧縮データBを生成する圧縮データ生成部4とで構成される。   The image data compression unit (I) includes a target pixel coordinate setting unit 1 that sets coordinates of a pixel to be thinned out in order to thin out pixels from the image data A to be compressed in a checkered pattern, Interpolation information / necessary / unnecessary determination unit 2 that determines whether or not to generate interpolation information that assists in restoring a pixel that has been drawn and lost, and interpolation information when interpolation information is determined to be necessary Compressed data for generating the compressed data B by extracting the non-decimation target pixel while performing the process of embedding the generated interpolation information in the pixel value data of the adjacent non-decimation target pixel It is comprised with the production | generation part 4. FIG.

画像データ復元部(II)は、圧縮データBから復元対象画素の座標を設定する対象画素座標設定部11と、各復元対象画素毎に周辺の画素の情報に埋め込まれた補間情報を読み出す必要があるか否かの判断を行う補間情報・要/不要判断部12と、補間情報が必要と判断されたときに周辺画素から補間情報を読み出す補間情報読み出し処理部13と、補間情報が読み出された復元対象画素に対して補間情報を参照して補間処理の演算を行い、補間情報が読み出されなかった復元対象画素に対しては所定の補間処理の演算を行って復元画像データCを生成する復元データ生成部14とで構成される。   The image data restoration unit (II) needs to read out the target pixel coordinate setting unit 11 that sets the coordinates of the restoration target pixel from the compressed data B and the interpolation information embedded in the information of the surrounding pixels for each restoration target pixel. An interpolation information / necessity / unnecessity determination unit 12 that determines whether or not there is present, an interpolation information readout processing unit 13 that reads interpolation information from surrounding pixels when it is determined that interpolation information is necessary, and interpolation information is read out. Interpolation processing is performed with reference to the interpolation information for the restored restoration target pixel, and restored image data C is generated by performing predetermined interpolation processing computation for the restoration target pixel for which interpolation information has not been read. And a restored data generating unit 14 for performing the above processing.

次にデータ圧縮過程と、データ復元過程について説明する。   Next, a data compression process and a data restoration process will be described.

先ずデータ圧縮過程では、画像データ圧縮部(i)において画像データAの画素を市松模様状に画素を間引いて圧縮するために、図3のフローチャートで示すように画像データAを取り込んだ対象画素座標設定部11が、間引き対象画素の座標を設定する(ステップS1)。この設定後、補間情報・要/不要判断部2は、各間引き対象画素毎に補間情報が必要か否かの判断を行う。例えば図4(a)に示すように判断を行う間引き対象画素がP22の場合、上、左、右、下に隣接する4画素P12,P21,P23,P32の画素値(輝度値)を読み出し、図4(b)に示すように各画素値の内、最大値αと最小値βとをその下位nビットを無視して比較する解析を行い、その差γが予め設定している閾値よりも大きければ補間情報の生成が必要であると判断する。つまり間引き対象画素周辺で画素値の変化が大きくて有意な図形である可能性があると判断する。尚図4(b)の斜線部分は無視される下位nビットに当る部分を表している。 First, in the data compression process, in order to compress and compress the pixels of the image data A in a checkered pattern in the image data compression unit (i), as shown in the flowchart of FIG. The setting unit 11 sets the coordinates of the thinning target pixels (step S1). After this setting, the interpolation information / necessity / unnecessity determination unit 2 determines whether interpolation information is necessary for each thinning target pixel. For example, when sampling target pixel to be determined as shown in FIG. 4 (a) of the P 22, on the left, right, four pixels P 12 adjacent to the lower, P 21, the pixel values of P 23, P 32 (luminance 4), the maximum value α and the minimum value β are analyzed by ignoring the lower n bits, and the difference γ is set in advance as shown in FIG. 4B. If it is larger than the threshold value, it is determined that it is necessary to generate interpolation information. That is, it is determined that there is a possibility that the figure is a significant figure with a large change in pixel value around the thinning target pixel. The hatched portion in FIG. 4B represents the portion corresponding to the neglected lower n bits.

而して補間情報・要/不要判断部2では、上述のように間引き対象画素周辺で画素値の変化が大きくて有意な図形である可能性がある場合には補間情報が必要と判断し、画素値の変化が小さくて画像が均一に近い場合、つまり後述のメディアン補間などの一般的な補間で問題なく再現できる場合には補間情報が不必要と判断する(ステップS2)。   Thus, the interpolation information / necessity / unnecessity determination unit 2 determines that interpolation information is necessary when there is a possibility that the pixel value changes greatly around the pixel to be thinned out as described above and is a significant figure. If the change in the pixel value is small and the image is nearly uniform, that is, if it can be reproduced without any problem by general interpolation such as median interpolation described later, it is determined that the interpolation information is unnecessary (step S2).

ここで補間情報が必要であると判断されると、補間情報生成処理部3は図5(a)に示すように間引き対象画素P22の上下左右の4画素において、画素の値が最大値αの下位nビットを切り下げて2を加えた値と、最小値βの下位nビットを切り下げた値の間を図5(b)のように2n−1等分して最小値から最大値までの各々の値に”0”から”2n−1”の番号を付け、間引き対象画素P22の画素値と最も近い画素値の番号(図示例では”2”)を間引き対象画素の補間情報として生成する(ステップS3)。尚図5(a)の斜線部分は下位nビットの操作による変動分に当る部分を表している。 If it is determined that where there is a need for interpolation information, the interpolation information generating unit 3 in the four pixels vertically and horizontally thinning out target pixel P 22 as shown in FIG. 5 (a), the maximum value the value of the pixel α The value obtained by rounding down the lower n bits of 2 and adding 2 n and the value obtained by rounding down the lower n bits of the minimum value β are equally divided into 2 n-1 as shown in FIG. Each of the values up to is numbered from “0” to “2 n−1 ”, and the pixel value number closest to the pixel value of the thinning target pixel P 22 (“2” in the illustrated example) is interpolated to the thinning target pixel. It generates as information (step S3). The hatched portion in FIG. 5 (a) represents the portion corresponding to the variation due to the operation of the lower n bits.

而して最大値αと最小値βの何れの扱いにおいても下位nビットを切り下げて無視することになるので、間引かれずに残る画素に後述するように補間情報がその画素値データに埋め込まれてデータ圧縮過程とデータ復元過程で画素値が変化しても、両過程での処理に整合性を保つことができる。また最大値αにおいては切り下げ処理により値が小さくなると、後述のデータ復元過程において補間後の画素値の再現の幅が狭められることになるので、切り下げた後に2を加えることで切り上げとほぼ同等の結果となるようにしてある。 Thus, in any treatment of the maximum value α and the minimum value β, the lower n bits are rounded down and ignored, so that interpolation information is embedded in the pixel value data as will be described later in the remaining pixels without being thinned out. Thus, even if the pixel value changes during the data compression process and the data restoration process, consistency in the processing in both processes can be maintained. In addition, when the value is reduced by the round-down process at the maximum value α, the range of reproduction of the pixel value after interpolation is narrowed in the data restoration process described later. Therefore, adding 2 n after rounding down is almost equivalent to rounding up. The result is as follows.

この補間情報生成処理部3では生成した補間情報を、次のステップS4で間引かれずに残る画素に埋め込み処理を行う。つまり図6に示すように間引き対象画素P22の左隣の画素P21の画素値の下位nビット(斜線部分)を改変して埋め込むのである。尚画像データAの画素は市松模様状に間引かれるので、補間情報を埋め込む画素は水平1ライン毎に左隣と右隣を交代する。 The interpolation information generation processing unit 3 embeds the generated interpolation information in the remaining pixels without being thinned out in the next step S4. That is to embed by modifying the lower n bits of the pixel values of the pixels P 21 to the left of the thinning-out object pixel P 22 (hatched portion) as shown in FIG. Since the pixels of the image data A are thinned out in a checkered pattern, the pixels in which interpolation information is embedded alternate between the left and right neighbors for each horizontal line.

ここで画素値情報が8ビットで補間情報が3ビットと仮定した具体例で説明すると、補間情報埋め込み対象画素の本来の値が”10000000”(十進数で128)で、埋め込まれる補間情報が”101”(十進数で5)の場合には、画素の値の下位3ビットは改変されて保存される値は”10000101”(十進数で133)となる。尚この例では、補間情報埋め込み対象画素の値を”01111101”(十進数で125〉と改変した方が、本来の値である”10000000”(十進数で128)に近いが、補間情報埋め込みの前後で上位5ビットが変わってしまう。そのため判断に影響を与えないことを確認するなどの対策を織り込まない限り、上位5ビットが変わることによって、データ圧縮過程とデータ復元過程で判断結果が相違し、後述の補間の不具合が生じる可能性があるので、採用しない。   Here, a specific example assuming that the pixel value information is 8 bits and the interpolation information is 3 bits is explained. The original value of the interpolation information embedding target pixel is “10000000” (decimal 128), and the interpolation information to be embedded is “ In the case of “101” (decimal number 5), the lower three bits of the pixel value are modified and stored as “10000101” (decimal number 133). In this example, it is closer to the original value “10000000” (decimal 128) if the value of the interpolation information embedding target pixel is changed to “01111101” (decimal 125). The upper 5 bits change before and after, so unless the measures such as confirming that they do not affect the judgment are incorporated, the judgment results differ between the data compression process and the data restoration process due to the change of the upper 5 bits. This is not adopted because there is a possibility that an interpolation problem described later may occur.

以上のようにして一つの間引き対象画素に関して補間情報を生成する必要があるか否かの判断を行い、必要であれば補間情報を生成し、間引かれずに残る隣の画素の画素値データを改変することでその補間情報を埋め込むのであるが、この際上述のように補間情報を埋め込む画素を水平1ライン毎に左隣と右隣とに交替させながら間引き処理S5を圧縮データ生成部4で実施し、ステップS6で最終画素の処理が終了したと判断された時点で画像データAに対してデータ量が半分の圧縮データが生成されることになる。   As described above, it is determined whether or not it is necessary to generate interpolation information for one thinning target pixel. If necessary, interpolation information is generated, and pixel value data of an adjacent pixel that remains without being thinned out. The interpolation information is embedded by modifying, but at this time, as described above, the compression data generation unit 4 performs the thinning-out process S5 while changing the pixel in which the interpolation information is embedded to the left side and the right side for each horizontal line. When it is carried out and it is determined in step S6 that the processing of the last pixel has been completed, compressed data whose data amount is half that of the image data A is generated.

次に上述のように得られた圧縮データBから元の画像データAに対応する復元データCを復元する復元過程について説明する。   Next, a restoration process for restoring the restored data C corresponding to the original image data A from the compressed data B obtained as described above will be described.

まず画像データ復元部(II)では、圧縮データBを読み込んだ対象画像座標設定部11が図7のフローチャートで示すように復元対象画素の座標を設定する(ステップ11)。この設定後、補間情報・要/不要判断部12が各復元対象画素に関して補間情報を参照する必要があるか否かを判断し(ステップS12)、必要と判断された場合、次のステップS13で補間情報読み出し処理部13が、当該復元対象画素の隣の画素の値に埋め込まれた補間情報を読み出し、復元データ生成部14ではその補間情報を参照して当該復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の値から補間演算の処理を行う(ステップS14)。   First, in the image data restoration unit (II), the target image coordinate setting unit 11 that has read the compressed data B sets the coordinates of the restoration target pixel as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 7 (step 11). After this setting, the interpolation information / necessity / unnecessity determination unit 12 determines whether it is necessary to refer to the interpolation information for each restoration target pixel (step S12). The interpolation information readout processing unit 13 reads out the interpolation information embedded in the value of the pixel adjacent to the restoration target pixel, and the restoration data generation unit 14 refers to the interpolation information and is adjacent to the restoration target pixel vertically and horizontally. Interpolation calculation processing is performed from the values of the four pixels (step S14).

図8は補間情報を参照して行う補間演算の処理を示しており、図8(a)に示すように復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の最大値α’の下位nビットを切り下げて2を加えた値と最小値β’の下位nビットを切り下げた値との間を、図8(b)に示すように2n−1等分して最小値から最大値までの各々の値に”0”から”2n−1”の番号を付け、隣の画素の下位nビットから読み取った補間情報と同じ番号の画素値を復元対象画素(例えばP22’)の補間結果とする。 FIG. 8 shows an interpolation calculation process performed by referring to the interpolation information. As shown in FIG. 8A, the lower n bits of the maximum value α ′ of the four pixels adjacent to the restoration target pixel are vertically rounded down. each of between a value rounded down the lower n bits of the value and the minimum value beta 'plus 2 n, from a minimum value to a maximum value 2 n-1 equal portions as shown in FIG. 8 (b) Te Is assigned a number from “0” to “2 n−1 ”, and the pixel value of the same number as the interpolation information read from the lower n bits of the adjacent pixel is the interpolation result of the restoration target pixel (for example, P 22 ′). To do.

一方補間情報を読み出す必要がないと判断された場合には補間情報の参照による補間演算の処理は為さず、所定の補間処理を行う(ステップS15)。この場合、図9に示すよう復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素のうち、最大値α’と最小値β’を除いた中間の2つの画素の値a、bの平均値を当該復元対象画素(例えばP22’)の補間結果とする。これはメディアン補間と呼称される一般的な補間手法である。 On the other hand, when it is determined that it is not necessary to read out the interpolation information, a predetermined interpolation process is performed without performing the interpolation calculation process by referring to the interpolation information (step S15). In this case, as shown in FIG. 9, the average value of the values a and b of the middle two pixels excluding the maximum value α ′ and the minimum value β ′ among the four pixels adjacent to the restoration target pixel in the up, down, left and right directions is restored. The interpolation result of the target pixel (for example, P 22 ′) is used. This is a general interpolation method called median interpolation.

そしてステップS16で最終画素の補間処理が終了したと判断された時点で、元画像データと同じデータ量の復元データBが生成されることになる。   When it is determined in step S16 that the final pixel interpolation processing has been completed, the restoration data B having the same data amount as the original image data is generated.

尚補間情報の必要性の判断の詳細は、データ圧縮過程のものと同じで、図3に示される。またデータ圧縮過程における補間情報の埋め込みにより、補間対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値はデータ圧縮過程とデータ復元過程で変化しているが、その変化は下位nビットに限定されるこことになり、補間情報の必要性判断においては下位nビットを無視するので、データ圧縮過程とデータ復元過程で同一の判断結果となる。つまり両者で判断結果が相違すると、補間情報が埋め込まれていない画素値データから読み出された誤った補間情報による画素補間を行ったり、補間情報を参照して補間すべき有意な図形に対して画像が均一に近い部分に適用されるべき画素補間を行ったりして、画像の再現性を低下させることになるが、上述のように本実施形態では、データ圧縮過程とデータ復元過程で同一の判断結果となるため、画像の再現性の低下は起こらない。   The details of determining the necessity of the interpolation information are the same as those in the data compression process and are shown in FIG. In addition, by embedding interpolation information in the data compression process, the pixel values of the four pixels adjacent to the interpolation target pixel in the upper, lower, left, and right directions are changed in the data compression process and the data restoration process, but the change is limited to the lower n bits. In this case, since the lower n bits are ignored in the necessity determination of the interpolation information, the same determination result is obtained in the data compression process and the data restoration process. In other words, if the judgment results are different between the two, pixel interpolation based on erroneous interpolation information read from pixel value data in which no interpolation information is embedded is performed, or a significant figure to be interpolated with reference to the interpolation information. Image reproducibility is reduced by performing pixel interpolation that should be applied to a portion where the image is almost uniform. As described above, in the present embodiment, the same data compression process and data restoration process are used. Since the determination result is obtained, the image reproducibility does not deteriorate.

本実施形態の画像データ圧縮・復元方法を採用した場合における画像のエッジ部分の画素値の変化例と、画像が均一に近い部分における画素値の変化例を図10,図11に示す。図10(a)に示すように明暗が大きく変化する部分(グレースケールの濃度で示す)の状態では、間引かれずに残った画素には隣の画素の補間情報が埋め込まれるため、間引かれずに残った画素では図10(b)において実線で示す圧縮後の画素値は破線で示される圧縮前の値に比べて最大で2n−1となる斜線部で示される変化が生じることになるが、大きく明暗が変化する部分であるため、画像としての違和感は小さい。この変化が図11(a)に示すように画像の明るさが均一な部分で各々の画素で独立して発生すると、画像にはノイズ状の微小な明暗が生じて画質低下が生じることになるが、本実施形態ではそのような場合には補間情報必要なしと判断して図11(b)のように補間情報を埋め込まないので、画質低下は生じない。 FIGS. 10 and 11 show examples of changes in pixel values at the edge portion of an image when the image data compression / decompression method of the present embodiment is employed, and examples of changes in pixel values in a portion where the image is nearly uniform. As shown in FIG. 10A, in the portion where the brightness changes greatly (indicated by the gray scale density), the interpolation information of the adjacent pixel is embedded in the remaining pixels without being thinned out. 10B, the pixel value after compression indicated by the solid line in FIG. 10B has a change indicated by the hatched portion that is 2 n-1 at the maximum as compared to the value before compression indicated by the broken line. However, since this is a portion where the lightness and darkness changes greatly, the sense of discomfort as an image is small. If this change occurs independently at each pixel in a portion where the brightness of the image is uniform as shown in FIG. 11 (a), the image will have minute noise-like light and darkness, resulting in degradation of image quality. However, in this embodiment, in such a case, it is determined that no interpolation information is necessary, and no interpolation information is embedded as shown in FIG.

更に補間情報の必要性判断を行う場合、間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値の最大値αと最小値βの差γを閾値と比べているが、間引き対象画素の上下の画素の画素値の平均値と、左右の画素の画素値の平均値との間で所定以上の差があるか否かで判断を行うようにしても良い。
(実施形態2)
上述の実施形態1のデータ圧縮過程では、間引き対象画素の上下左右の4画素において、画素の値が最大値αの下位nビットを切り下げて2を加えた値と、最小値βの下位nビットを切り下げた値の間を2n−1等分して最小値から最大値までの各々の値に”0”から”2n−1”の番号を付け、間引き対象画素の画素値と最も近い画素値の番号を間引き対象画素の補間情報として生成し、データ復元過程において、復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の最大値α’の下位nビットを切り下げて2を加えた値と最小値β’の下位nビットを切り下げた値の間を2n−1等分して最小値から最大値までの各々の値に”0”から”2n−1”の番号を付け、隣の画素の下位nビットから読み取った補間情報と同じ番号の画素値を復元対象画素(例えばP22’)の補間結果とするようにしているが、本実施形態では、データ圧縮過程において、図12(a)に示すように間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を降順にならべて1番目と2番目、2番目と3番目、3番目と4番目、4画素全て、の各々の4通りの平均値を求め、夫々の平均値に図12(b)に示すように番号(”0”〜”3”)を付け、間引き対象画素P22の画素値と最も近い画素値の番号(図示例では”1”)を選択し、その番号を2ビットデータ分の補間情報として生成する点に特徴がある。
Further, when the necessity of interpolation information is determined, the difference γ between the maximum value α and the minimum value β of the four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions is compared with the threshold value. The determination may be made based on whether or not there is a predetermined difference or more between the average value of the pixel values of the pixels and the average value of the pixel values of the left and right pixels.
(Embodiment 2)
In the data compression process of the first embodiment described above, in the four pixels on the top, bottom, left, and right of the pixel to be thinned, the pixel value is a value obtained by rounding down the lower n bits of the maximum value α and adding 2 n, and the lower n of the minimum value β The value obtained by rounding down the bits is equally divided into 2 n-1 , and each value from the minimum value to the maximum value is numbered from “0” to “2 n-1 ”. A value obtained by generating a close pixel value number as interpolation information of a thinning target pixel and rounding down the lower n bits of the maximum value α ′ of four pixels adjacent vertically and horizontally to the restoring target pixel and adding 2 n in the data restoration process And the value obtained by rounding down the lower-order n bits of the minimum value β ′ are equally divided by 2 n−1 , and each value from the minimum value to the maximum value is numbered from “0” to “2 n-1 ”. The pixel value having the same number as the interpolation information read from the lower n bits of the adjacent pixel is restored. Although set as the interpolation result of the pixel (e.g. P 22 '), in the present embodiment, the data compression process, pixels of 4 pixels adjacent vertically and horizontally of the thinning-out object pixels as shown in FIG. 12 (a) The values are arranged in descending order, and the four average values of the first, second, second, third, third, fourth, and all four pixels are obtained, and the respective average values are shown in FIG. 12 (b). numbered ( "0" to "3") as shown, the pixel value and the number of nearest pixel values of sampling target pixel P 22 (in the illustrated example "1") is selected, the number 2 bit data amount It is characterized in that it is generated as interpolation information.

これに対応してデータ復元過程では、データ圧縮過程と同様に復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の値を降順にならべて1番目と2番目、2番目と3番目、3番目と4番目、4画素全て、の各々の4通りの平均値を求めて”0”〜”3”の番号を付け、読み出した補間情報と同じ番号の画素値を復元対象画素(例えばP22’)の画素補間結果とする。 Correspondingly, in the data restoration process, the values of the four pixels adjacent to the restoration target pixel in the descending order are arranged in the descending order as in the data compression process, and the first, second, third, third and fourth. The four average values of each of the four pixels are obtained and given numbers “0” to “3”, and the pixel value having the same number as the read interpolation information is set as the restoration target pixel (for example, P 22 ′). The result is pixel interpolation.

尚図11では図を判り易くする為に省略したが、図4や図5で示しているように参照する4画素の値には下位3ビットを無視するような処理を施して、補間情報の埋め込みによるこの4画素の画素値の変化の影響を受けないようにするのが望ましい。   Although omitted in FIG. 11 for the sake of clarity, the values of the four pixels referred to as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. It is desirable not to be affected by the change in the pixel value of the four pixels due to the embedding.

また本実施形態では、図3における補間情報の生成のステップS3と、図8で示している画素補間のステップS14に図12の内容が反映される以外は、その他の処理は実施形態1と同じで、下位のビット数nは2ビットに相当する。   In the present embodiment, the other processes are the same as those in the first embodiment except that the content of FIG. 12 is reflected in step S3 of generating interpolation information in FIG. 3 and step S14 of pixel interpolation shown in FIG. Thus, the lower-order bit number n corresponds to 2 bits.

(実施形態3)
本実施形態は、データ圧縮過程において、図13(a)に示すように間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を降順にならべて1番目と2番目、2番目と3番目、3番目と4番目、4画素全て、の各々の4通りの平均値と、4画素自身の画素値の計8個の値に番号”0”〜”7”を図13(b)に示すように付け、補間情報を必要と判断された間引き対象画素(例えばP22)の画素値と最も近いものを選択し、その番号を3ビットデータ分の補間情報として生成する。
(Embodiment 3)
In this embodiment, in the data compression process, as shown in FIG. 13A, the pixel values of the four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixels in the descending order are arranged in the descending order, first, second, second, third, As shown in FIG. 13B, numbers “0” to “7” are added to the eight average values of each of the third, fourth, and all four pixels, and the pixel values of the four pixels themselves. In addition, a pixel closest to the pixel value of the thinning target pixel (for example, P 22 ) for which interpolation information is determined to be necessary is selected, and the number is generated as interpolation information for 3-bit data.

一方データ復元過程においては、データ圧縮過程と同様に復元対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を降順にならべて1番目と2番目、2番目と3番目、3番目と4番目、4画素全て、の各々の4通りの平均値に加えて4画素自身の画素値の計8個の値に”0”〜”7”の番号を付け、読み出した補間情報と同じ番号の画素値を復元対象画素(例えばP22’)の画素補間結果とする。 On the other hand, in the data restoration process, similarly to the data compression process, the pixel values of the four pixels adjacent to the restoration target pixel are arranged in descending order, the first and second, the second and third, the third and fourth, In addition to the four average values of all four pixels, a total of eight values of the pixel values of the four pixels themselves are assigned numbers “0” to “7”, and the pixel values having the same numbers as the read interpolation information Is the pixel interpolation result of the restoration target pixel (for example, P 22 ′).

尚図13では図を判り易くする為に省略したが、図4や図5で示しているように参照する4画素の値には下位3ビットを無視するような処理を施して、補間情報の埋め込みによるこの4画素の値の変化の影響を受けないようにするのが望ましい。また図3における補間情報の生成のステップS3と、図7における画素補間のステップ14に図13の内容が反映される以外は実施形態1と同じで、下位ビット数nは2に相当する。
(実施形態4)
本実施形態は、画素の情報を記録する手法の一つであるYUV420と呼ばれるカラー画像のデジタルデータ形式に対応するものである。YUV420のデータ形式は図14(a)に示す明暗を表す輝度信号(輝度情報)と、図14(b)、図14(c)に夫々示す色を表すU,Vの二種類の色差信号(色差情報)とからなるもので、UとVの二種の色差信号を縦2、横2の計4画素で共有してデータ量を節約しており、本実施形態はこれらの信号の内、輝度信号Yのみの間引きを実施する画像データ圧縮・復元方法である。
Although omitted in FIG. 13 for the sake of clarity, the values of the four pixels referred to as shown in FIG. 4 and FIG. It is desirable not to be affected by the change in the value of the four pixels due to the embedding. Further, except that the contents of FIG. 13 are reflected in step S3 of generating interpolation information in FIG. 3 and step 14 of pixel interpolation in FIG. 7, the number of lower bits n corresponds to 2.
(Embodiment 4)
This embodiment corresponds to a digital data format of a color image called YUV420, which is one of the methods for recording pixel information. The data format of YUV420 is a luminance signal (luminance information) representing light and dark as shown in FIG. 14A, and two types of color difference signals U and V representing colors shown in FIGS. 14B and 14C, respectively ( In this embodiment, two types of color difference signals of U and V are shared by a total of four pixels in two vertical and two horizontal directions to save the data amount. In this embodiment, among these signals, This is an image data compression / decompression method in which only the luminance signal Y is thinned out.

つまりデータ圧縮過程では、図15に示すように色信号U、Vを共用する4画素における間引き対象画素、例えばY11の補間情報は、右隣の画素Y12の輝度信号の値の下位ビットと、4画素に対応する色差信号U11の値の下位ビットに分割して埋め込み、また間引き対象画素Y22の補間情報はその右隣の画素Y21の輝度信号の値の下位ビットと対応する色差信号V11の値の下位ビットに分割して埋め込む。 That is, in the data compression process, as shown in FIG. 15, the interpolation information of the thinning target pixels, for example, Y 11 , in the four pixels sharing the color signals U and V, is the lower-order bit of the luminance signal value of the right adjacent pixel Y 12. The color difference signal U 11 corresponding to the four pixels is divided and embedded in the lower bits of the value of the color difference signal U 11 , and the interpolation information of the thinning target pixel Y 22 is the color difference corresponding to the lower bit of the luminance signal value of the pixel Y 21 adjacent to the right embedded is divided into low-order bits of the value of the signal V 11.

データ復元過程では、復元対象画素の隣りの画像の輝度信号の下位ビットと色差信号の下位ビットに埋め込まれた補間情報を読み出して補間処理を行うのである。   In the data restoration process, the interpolation information embedded in the lower bit of the luminance signal and the lower bit of the color difference signal of the image adjacent to the restoration target pixel is read and interpolation processing is performed.

而して本実施形態では、補間情報を例えば画素Y12と画素Y21の輝度信号のみに埋め込む場合に比べて画素Y12と画素Y21の輝度信号の値の変化が小さくなるという利点がある。またU11とV11の色差信号の変化は色調の変化となって現れるので、図10に示したような輝度変化における見え具合と合わせて、画像への影響が小さくなるように輝度信号と色差信号への配分を決めると効果的である。 In Thus to the present embodiment, there is an advantage that change in the value of the luminance signal of the pixel Y 12 and the pixel Y 21 is smaller than the case of embedding only the luminance signal of the interpolation data for example pixel Y 12 and pixel Y 21 . Further, since the change in the color difference signal of U 11 and V 11 appears as a change in color tone, the luminance signal and the color difference are reduced so that the influence on the image is reduced together with the appearance of the luminance change as shown in FIG. It is effective to decide the distribution to the signal.

また図3における補間情報の埋め込みのステップS4と、図7における補間情報の読み出しのステップS13に図15の内容が反映される以外は、実施形態1と同じである。   15 is reflected in step S4 for embedding interpolation information in FIG. 3 and step S13 for reading interpolation information in FIG.

本発明の過程説明図である。It is process explanatory drawing of this invention. (a)は実施形態1のデータ圧縮部のブロック図、(b)は実施形態1のデータ復元部のブロック図である。(A) is a block diagram of a data compression unit of the first embodiment, and (b) is a block diagram of a data restoration unit of the first embodiment. 実施形態1のデータ圧縮過程のフローチャートである。3 is a flowchart of a data compression process according to the first embodiment. 実施形態1の補間情報の必要性の判断処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the judgment process of the necessity of the interpolation information of Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態1の補間情報の生成処理の説明図である。6 is an explanatory diagram of interpolation information generation processing according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態1の補間情報の埋め込み処理の説明図である。FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of an interpolation information embedding process according to the first embodiment. 実施形態1のデータ復元過程のフローチャートである。3 is a flowchart of a data restoration process according to the first embodiment. 実施形態1の補間情報を参照した画素補間処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the pixel interpolation process which referred the interpolation information of Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態1の補間情報を参照しない画素補間処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the pixel interpolation process which does not refer to the interpolation information of Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態1における画像データのエッジ部分の画素値の説明図である。6 is an explanatory diagram of pixel values at an edge portion of image data in Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態1における画像データの均一部分の画素値の説明図である。6 is an explanatory diagram of pixel values of a uniform portion of image data according to Embodiment 1. FIG. 実施形態2の補間情報の生成処理と参照処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the production | generation process and reference process of the interpolation information of Embodiment 2. 実施形態3の補間情報の生成処理と参照処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the production | generation process and reference process of the interpolation information of Embodiment 3. 実施形態4が対象とするYUV420形式のデータの説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the data of the YUV420 format which Embodiment 4 makes object. 実施形態4の補間情報の埋め込み処理の説明図である。It is explanatory drawing of the embedding process of the interpolation information of Embodiment 4.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

A 画像データ
B 圧縮データ
C 復元画像データ
11…、P12’画素
A image data B compressed data C restored image data P 11 ... P 12 ′ pixel

Claims (6)

画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、
データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素周辺の画素の画素値が所定の条件を満たす場合にのみ、前記間引き対象画素を復元する際に利用する補間情報を生成し、
データ復元過程においては、復元対象画素周辺の画素の画素値が前記所定の条件と同じ条件を満たす場合に、前記補間情報を参照して復元対象画素の補間を行い、満たさない場合に補間情報を参照せずに復元対象画素の補間を行うことを特徴とする画像データ圧縮・復元方法。
An image data compression / decompression method that compresses image data by thinning out pixel information, and interpolates and restores the values of pixels that have been thinned out and lacked information from surrounding pixel values remaining without being thinned,
In the data compression process, only when pixel values of pixels around the thinning target pixel satisfy a predetermined condition, generate interpolation information used when restoring the thinning target pixel,
In the data restoration process, when the pixel values of the pixels around the restoration target pixel satisfy the same condition as the predetermined condition, the restoration target pixel is interpolated with reference to the interpolation information. An image data compression / decompression method characterized by interpolating a restoration target pixel without reference.
前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値において、上下の画素の画素値の平均値と、左右の画素の画素値の平均値との間で所定以上の差がある場合にのみ前記間引き対象画素の前記補間情報を生成することを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像データ圧縮・復元方法。 Only when there is a difference of a predetermined value or more between the average value of the pixel values of the upper and lower pixels and the average value of the pixel values of the left and right pixels in the pixel values of the four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions The image data compression / decompression method according to claim 1, wherein the interpolation information of the thinning target pixels is generated. 前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値において、最大値と最小値との間で所定以上の差がある場合にのみ前記間引き対象画素の前記補間情報を生成することを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像データ圧縮・復元方法。 The interpolation information of the thinning target pixel is generated only when there is a predetermined difference or more between the maximum value and the minimum value in the pixel values of four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions. The image data compression / decompression method according to claim 1. 画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、
データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素周辺の画素の画素値から前記間引き対象画素を補間演算で復元する際に用いる補間情報を生成し、間引かれずに残る画素の画素値のデータの下位少なくとも1ビットを置き換えて前記生成した補間情報を格納することを特徴とする画像データ圧縮・復元方法。
An image data compression / decompression method that compresses image data by thinning out pixel information, and interpolates and restores the values of pixels that have been thinned out and lacked information from surrounding pixel values remaining without being thinned,
In the data compression process, interpolation information used when restoring the pixel to be thinned out by interpolation calculation from pixel values of pixels around the pixel to be thinned out is generated, and at least one lower order pixel value data of pixels remaining without being thinned out An image data compression / decompression method characterized by storing the generated interpolation information by replacing bits.
画素の情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、
データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素の画素値と、前記間引き対象画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を大きさ順に並べた数列との相対関係を、間引かれた各画素毎の補間情報として画像データに格納し、
データ復元過程においては、間引かれた画素の上下左右に隣接する4画素の画素値を大きさ順に並べた数列から前記補間情報を用いて欠落した画素を再現することを特徴とする画像データ圧縮・復元方法。
An image data compression / decompression method that compresses image data by thinning out pixel information, and interpolates and restores the values of pixels that have been thinned out and lacked information from surrounding pixel values remaining without being thinned,
In the data compression process, the relative relationship between the pixel value of the thinning target pixel and the numerical sequence in which the pixel values of four pixels adjacent to the thinning target pixel in the vertical and horizontal directions are arranged in order of size is determined for each thinned pixel. Store in the image data as interpolation information,
In the data restoration process, image data compression is characterized in that a missing pixel is reproduced using the interpolation information from a numerical sequence in which pixel values of four pixels adjacent in the vertical and horizontal directions of the thinned pixels are arranged in order of size.・ Restore method.
輝度信号と色差信号からなるカラー画像データに対応して、画素の輝度情報又は色差情報を間引いて画像データを圧縮し、間引かれて情報が欠落した画素の値を間引かれずに残った周辺の画素の値から補間復元する、画像データ圧縮・復元方法であって、
データ圧縮過程においては、間引き対象画素の輝度情報又は色差情報の補間情報を、間引き対象の画素の周辺画素の輝度信号と色差信号とに分割して埋め込むことを特徴とする画像データ圧縮・復元方法。
Corresponding to the color image data consisting of luminance signal and color difference signal, the image data is compressed by thinning out the luminance information or color difference information of the pixel, and the remaining pixel value without thinning out the pixel value that has been thinned out An image data compression / decompression method that interpolates and restores from the pixel value of
In the data compression process, the interpolation information of the luminance information or the color difference information of the thinning target pixel is divided and embedded into the luminance signal and the color difference signal of the peripheral pixels of the thinning target pixel, and the image data compression / decompression method .
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JP2000059743A (en) * 1998-08-06 2000-02-25 Sony Corp Image processing unit, and image processing method and serving medium thereof
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