JP2007073665A - Drive circuit - Google Patents

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JP2007073665A
JP2007073665A JP2005257585A JP2005257585A JP2007073665A JP 2007073665 A JP2007073665 A JP 2007073665A JP 2005257585 A JP2005257585 A JP 2005257585A JP 2005257585 A JP2005257585 A JP 2005257585A JP 2007073665 A JP2007073665 A JP 2007073665A
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transistor
voltage
current
circuit
drive circuit
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JP4359584B2 (en
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Hiromitsu Ishii
弘允 石井
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ETEITSUKU KK
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a drive circuit capable of avoiding the device upsizing for an exothermic coutermeasure and the necessity for applying an expensive large transistor which allows large collector loss in the low current circuit which compensates the voltage variation of the circuit with one transistor. <P>SOLUTION: The drive circuit supplies a direct-current output Vin from DC power source to loads (light emitting diodes D 5-D 34). The direct-current output is used as base current, and applied to a first transistor Q1 which controls the circuit current of the load. The drive circuit comprises a second transistor Q2 that operates by the collector voltage of the Q1 as base voltage, and a third transistor Q3 which controls the supply current from the direct-current output to the load according to the base voltage variation of the collector voltage of the Q2. By controlling the current sent from the base terminal of the Q3 to the grounding side by Q2, the variation of circuit voltage caused by the change of power source voltage is made to distribute and compensate with the Q1 and the Q3. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、発光ダイオード等の駆動に適した駆動回路の改良に関する。   The present invention relates to an improvement of a driving circuit suitable for driving a light emitting diode or the like.

発光ダイオードはそれ自体を文字表示等に用いるほか、特許文献1にも見られるように照明用の光源としても用いられつつある。看板等の大型照明光源では数十個もの素子からなる発光ダイオード列が用いられる。このような大規模な発光ダイオード列に対しては、輝度を安定させかつ電力消費量を最小限とするためにも安定した電流供給を図る必要がある。特に、電源として商用電源を用いる場合には、その電圧変動が大きいため定電流化の必要度が高い。   The light-emitting diode itself is used for character display and the like, and as seen in Patent Document 1, it is also being used as a light source for illumination. A large-sized illumination light source such as a signboard uses a light-emitting diode array composed of several tens of elements. For such a large-scale light-emitting diode array, it is necessary to provide a stable current supply in order to stabilize luminance and minimize power consumption. In particular, when a commercial power supply is used as the power supply, the necessity for constant current is high because the voltage fluctuation is large.

このような目的に適う発光ダイオードの駆動回路としては、例えば特許文献2に開示されているように、トランジスタおよび抵抗を負荷となるダイオードに対して直列接続した定電流回路が知られている。図1は、このような定電流回路の基本的な構成を示している。図中のV1は交流電源、D1〜D4は前記交流電源の出力を直流化する整流用のダイオード、D5〜D34は直列接続された発光ダイオード、Q1はトランジスタ、R1とR2は抵抗、D0はR1に流れる電流を一定値に保つツェナーダイオード、C1は平滑用コンデンサである。
特開2004-134385号公報 特開平10-79627号公報
As a light emitting diode drive circuit suitable for such a purpose, for example, as disclosed in Patent Document 2, a constant current circuit in which a transistor and a resistor are connected in series to a diode as a load is known. FIG. 1 shows a basic configuration of such a constant current circuit. In the figure, V1 is an AC power supply, D1 to D4 are rectifying diodes for converting the output of the AC power supply to DC, D5 to D34 are light emitting diodes connected in series, Q1 is a transistor, R1 and R2 are resistors, and D0 is R1. A Zener diode C1 that keeps the current flowing through the capacitor at a constant value, C1 is a smoothing capacitor.
JP 2004-134385 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-79627

この駆動回路では、受電後の電源電圧の変動に伴う直流電圧Vinの変化を、トランジスタQ1のコレクタ−エミッタ間の電圧降下のみによって吸収している。このため、電源電圧の変動が大きい工場、交通機関、建物内などに適用した場合、トランジスタQ1として許容コレクタ損失の大きなものを用いなければならず、回路が高価なものとなってしまう。また、その発熱量も大きいことから大型のヒートシンクを使用しなければならず、それだけ大きな設置スペースが必要になるという問題もある。   In this drive circuit, the change in the DC voltage Vin accompanying the fluctuation of the power supply voltage after receiving power is absorbed only by the voltage drop between the collector and emitter of the transistor Q1. For this reason, when applied to factories, transportation facilities, buildings, etc. where the fluctuation of the power supply voltage is large, a transistor having a large allowable collector loss must be used as the transistor Q1, and the circuit becomes expensive. Moreover, since the calorific value is also large, a large heat sink must be used, and there is a problem that a large installation space is required.

本発明はこのような従来の問題点を解消することを目的としている。   The object of the present invention is to eliminate such conventional problems.

本発明は、発光ダイオード等からなる負荷に直流電源出力を供給する駆動回路であって、前記負荷に対して直列に接続したトランジスタを用いて負荷の回路電流を制御する特徴を有する。本発明では、前記トランジスタ(第1のトランジスタ)へのコレクタ電圧をベース電圧として作動する第2のトランジスタと、このコレクタ電圧によってベース電圧が制御され、前記直流電源出力から負荷への供給電流を制御する第3のトランジスタとを備える。   The present invention is a drive circuit for supplying a DC power supply output to a load composed of a light emitting diode or the like, and has a feature of controlling a load circuit current using a transistor connected in series to the load. In the present invention, the second transistor that operates using the collector voltage to the transistor (first transistor) as a base voltage, and the base voltage is controlled by the collector voltage, and the supply current from the DC power supply output to the load is controlled. And a third transistor.

本発明によれば、電源電圧の変動に伴う電圧降下を、第1のトランジスタに加えて、第3のトランジスタにも分担させられるので、トランジスタ1個当たりのコレクタ損失を小さくできる。すなわち、コレクタ損失の小さい低発熱のトランジスタを用いて発光ダイオード等の負荷を安定駆動することができる。また、低発熱のトランジスタが分散配置され、放熱上も有利になることから、装置の小型化が可能である。   According to the present invention, since the voltage drop due to the fluctuation of the power supply voltage is shared by the third transistor in addition to the first transistor, the collector loss per transistor can be reduced. That is, a load such as a light emitting diode can be stably driven using a low heat generation transistor with a small collector loss. In addition, since low heat generation transistors are distributed and advantageous in terms of heat dissipation, the size of the device can be reduced.

以下、本発明のいくつかの実施形態を図2以下の各図に基づいて説明する。なお、図1を含めて各図につき共通する部分には互いに同一の符号を付して示してある。   Hereinafter, several embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. In addition, the same code | symbol is attached | subjected and shown to the part which is common in each figure including FIG.

図2において、D5〜D34は直列接続された発光ダイオード、Q1は第1のトランジスタ、R1とR2は抵抗、D0はツェナーダイオード、C1はコンデンサであり、これらによる回路構成は図1と同一である。本実施形態では、前記構成に加えて、利得1のオペアンプX1および第2のトランジスタQ2と第3のトランジスタQ3とを設ける。第2のトランジスタQ2は、第1のトランジスタQ1のコレクタ電圧Vc(Q1)をベース電圧Vb(Q2)として作動し、第3のトランジスタQ3は、直流電源出力(電圧Vin)をコレクタ電圧Vc(Q3)として用いて、前記直流出力から負荷であるダイオード列(D5〜D34)への供給電流を制御する。前記第2のトランジスタQ2は、第3のトランジスタQ3のベース端子から接地側(この場合、第1のトランジスタQ1のエミッタ端子)に流れる電流Ic(Q2)を制御する構成となっている。   In FIG. 2, D5 to D34 are light-emitting diodes connected in series, Q1 is a first transistor, R1 and R2 are resistors, D0 is a Zener diode, and C1 is a capacitor, and their circuit configuration is the same as FIG. . In the present embodiment, in addition to the above-described configuration, an operational amplifier X1 having a gain of 1, a second transistor Q2, and a third transistor Q3 are provided. The second transistor Q2 operates using the collector voltage Vc (Q1) of the first transistor Q1 as the base voltage Vb (Q2), and the third transistor Q3 uses the DC power supply output (voltage Vin) as the collector voltage Vc (Q3). ) To control the supply current from the DC output to the diode array (D5 to D34) as a load. The second transistor Q2 is configured to control a current Ic (Q2) flowing from the base terminal of the third transistor Q3 to the ground side (in this case, the emitter terminal of the first transistor Q1).

また、前記第2のトランジスタQ2のエミッタ端子とオペアンプX1の出力端子との間に抵抗R3を、第3のトランジスタQ3のベース端子と直流電源との間に抵抗R4を、それぞれ介装してある。この場合、第1のトランジスタQ1のエミッタ端子電圧とオペアンプX1の出力電圧は等しい。トランジスタQ2のエミッタ電流Ie(Q2)に対してトランジスタQ1のエミッタ電流Ie(Q1)が十分に大きいときには、前記オペアンプX1は必ずしも設けなくともよい。   A resistor R3 is interposed between the emitter terminal of the second transistor Q2 and the output terminal of the operational amplifier X1, and a resistor R4 is interposed between the base terminal of the third transistor Q3 and the DC power source. . In this case, the emitter terminal voltage of the first transistor Q1 is equal to the output voltage of the operational amplifier X1. When the emitter current Ie (Q1) of the transistor Q1 is sufficiently larger than the emitter current Ie (Q2) of the transistor Q2, the operational amplifier X1 is not necessarily provided.

次に、前記回路の動作について説明する。なお、以下の説明において抵抗を示す符号R1〜R4については抵抗値を示す符号としても用いる。また、電圧Vまたは電流Iに対する添え字として、e,b,cはそれぞれトランジスタのエミッタ、ベース、コレクタの電圧または電流を、be,ceはそれぞれベース−エミッタ間、コレクタ−エミッタ間の電圧または電流を示すものとし、その後ろの括弧内に素子符号を付して何れの素子の電圧または電流値であるかを示すこととする。   Next, the operation of the circuit will be described. In the following description, symbols R1 to R4 indicating resistance are also used as symbols indicating resistance values. As subscripts for the voltage V or current I, e, b and c are the voltage or current of the emitter, base and collector of the transistor, respectively, and be and ce are the voltage or current between the base and emitter, and between the collector and emitter, respectively. An element code is attached in parentheses after that to indicate which element has a voltage or current value.

図2に示した回路において、オペアンプX1の出力電圧をVout(X1)とすると、次の式(1)〜(4)の関係が成り立つ。   In the circuit shown in FIG. 2, when the output voltage of the operational amplifier X1 is Vout (X1), the following expressions (1) to (4) are satisfied.

Vout(X1)=Ve(Q1) …(1)
Vb(Q2)=Vc(Q1) …(2)
Vb(Q2)−Vout(X1)
=Vc(Q1)−Ve(Q1)
=Vbe(Q2)+Ie(Q2)R3 …(3)
Vc(Q3)−Vb(Q3)=R4(Ib(Q3)+Ic(Q2)) …(4)
ここで、Vbe(Q3)≒Vbe(Q2)とすれば、次式(5)の関係が成り立つ。
Vout (X1) = Ve (Q1) (1)
Vb (Q2) = Vc (Q1) (2)
Vb (Q2) -Vout (X1)
= Vc (Q1) -Ve (Q1)
= Vbe (Q2) + Ie (Q2) R3 (3)
Vc (Q3) -Vb (Q3) = R4 (Ib (Q3) + Ic (Q2)) (4)
Here, if Vbe (Q3) ≈Vbe (Q2), the relationship of the following equation (5) is established.

Vc(Q3)−Ve(Q3)≒Vbe(Q2)+R4(Ib(Q3)+Ic(Q2)) …(5)
さらに、R4(Ib(Q3)+Ic(Q2))=Ie(Q2)R3となるようにR3,R4を設定すれば、次式(6)の関係が成り立つ。
Vc (Q3) -Ve (Q3) ≈Vbe (Q2) + R4 (Ib (Q3) + Ic (Q2)) (5)
Furthermore, if R3 and R4 are set so that R4 (Ib (Q3) + Ic (Q2)) = Ie (Q2) R3, the relationship of the following equation (6) is established.

Vc(Q3)−Ve(Q3)≒Vc(Q1)−Ve(Q1) …(6)
また、Ie(Q3)≒Ic(Q1)であるから、第1のトランジスタQ1のコレクタ損失Pc(Q1)と第3のトランジスタQ3のコレクタ損失Pc(Q3)とは等しくなる。
Vc (Q3) −Ve (Q3) ≈Vc (Q1) −Ve (Q1) (6)
Since Ie (Q3) ≈Ic (Q1), the collector loss Pc (Q1) of the first transistor Q1 is equal to the collector loss Pc (Q3) of the third transistor Q3.

すなわち、図3に示したように、電源電圧Vinの変動に伴うトランジスタのコレクタ−エミッタ間の電圧降下Vceは、第1のトランジスタQ1と第3のトランジスタQ3とで略等分に分担されることになり、したがって各々はコレクタ損失の小さいトランジスタを適用することが可能となる。   That is, as shown in FIG. 3, the voltage drop Vce between the collector and the emitter of the transistor due to the fluctuation of the power supply voltage Vin is equally divided between the first transistor Q1 and the third transistor Q3. Therefore, it is possible to apply a transistor with a small collector loss.

図4に本発明の第2の実施形態を示す。これは、既述したようにIe(Q2)に対してIe(Q1)を十分に大きく取ってオペアンプX1を省略すると共に、図2のトランジスタQ1〜Q3に代えて電界効果型トランジスタ(FET)M1〜M3を適用したものである。FETでは第1の実施形態におけるようなベース−エミッタ間の電流は生じないが、同様にして定電流制御を行い得ることは言うまでもない。   FIG. 4 shows a second embodiment of the present invention. As described above, Ie (Q1) is sufficiently large with respect to Ie (Q2) to omit the operational amplifier X1, and a field effect transistor (FET) M1 is used instead of the transistors Q1 to Q3 in FIG. -M3 is applied. The FET does not generate a base-emitter current as in the first embodiment, but it goes without saying that constant current control can be performed in the same manner.

なお、前記実施形態において、図5にも示したように、第2のトランジスタQ2によってベース電流を制御する第3のトランジスタをQ3およびQ4からなる多段のトランジスタ群で構成してもよく、これにより個々のトランジスタの負担をさらに減じることができる。   In the above embodiment, as shown in FIG. 5, the third transistor that controls the base current by the second transistor Q2 may be formed of a multi-stage transistor group including Q3 and Q4. The burden on individual transistors can be further reduced.

従来例の回路構成図。The circuit block diagram of a prior art example. 本発明の第1の実施形態の回路構成図。The circuit block diagram of the 1st Embodiment of this invention. 前記第1の実施形態の電圧特性図。The voltage characteristic view of the first embodiment. 本発明の第2の実施形態の回路構成図。The circuit block diagram of the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第3の実施形態の回路構成図。The circuit block diagram of the 3rd Embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

D5〜D28 発光ダイオード
Q1〜Q3 トランジスタ
M1〜M3 FET
C1〜C3 コンデンサ
R1〜R4 抵抗(抵抗値)
D5-D28 Light-emitting diode Q1-Q3 Transistor M1-M3 FET
C1 to C3 capacitors R1 to R4 Resistance (resistance value)

Claims (4)

発光ダイオード等からなる負荷に直流電源出力を供給する駆動回路であって、ツェナーダイオードの電圧によって前記負荷の回路電流を制御するトランジスタ(第1のトランジスタ)を備えた駆動回路において、
前記第1のトランジスタへのコレクタ電圧をベース電圧として作動する第2のトランジスタと、
この第2のトランジスタのコレクタ電圧によってベース電圧が制御され、前記直流電源出力から負荷への供給電流を制御する第3のトランジスタと
を備えたことを特徴とする駆動回路。
In a drive circuit for supplying a DC power output to a load composed of a light emitting diode or the like, the drive circuit including a transistor (first transistor) for controlling a circuit current of the load by a voltage of a Zener diode,
A second transistor that operates using a collector voltage to the first transistor as a base voltage;
And a third transistor for controlling a supply current from the DC power supply output to the load, the base voltage being controlled by the collector voltage of the second transistor.
前記第2のトランジスタのエミッタ端子にオペアンプを接続した請求項1に記載の駆動回路。   The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein an operational amplifier is connected to the emitter terminal of the second transistor. 前記第1のトランジスタと第2のトランジスタのエミッタ電流をそれぞれIe(Q1),Ie(Q2)とするとき、Ie(Q2)<<Ie(Q1)となるようにした請求項1に記載の駆動回路。   2. The drive according to claim 1, wherein Ie (Q2) << Ie (Q1) is established when the emitter currents of the first transistor and the second transistor are Ie (Q1) and Ie (Q2), respectively. circuit. 前記各トランジスタはFETからなる請求項1に記載の駆動回路。   The drive circuit according to claim 1, wherein each of the transistors is an FET.
JP2005257585A 2005-09-06 2005-09-06 Driving circuit Active JP4359584B2 (en)

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008053695A (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-03-06 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp Drive device and lighting fixture for light-emitting diode
JP2009211948A (en) * 2008-03-04 2009-09-17 Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd Control method and control device of organic el device
WO2015128986A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-09-03 有限会社トップス Led light emission device

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2008053695A (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-03-06 Toshiba Lighting & Technology Corp Drive device and lighting fixture for light-emitting diode
JP2009211948A (en) * 2008-03-04 2009-09-17 Fuji Electric Holdings Co Ltd Control method and control device of organic el device
WO2015128986A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2015-09-03 有限会社トップス Led light emission device
JPWO2015128986A1 (en) * 2014-02-27 2017-03-30 有限会社トップス LED light emitting device

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