JP2007061430A - Cleaning tool - Google Patents
Cleaning tool Download PDFInfo
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- JP2007061430A JP2007061430A JP2005252391A JP2005252391A JP2007061430A JP 2007061430 A JP2007061430 A JP 2007061430A JP 2005252391 A JP2005252391 A JP 2005252391A JP 2005252391 A JP2005252391 A JP 2005252391A JP 2007061430 A JP2007061430 A JP 2007061430A
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- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- cleaning tool
- cleaning
- base
- laminate
- substrate
- Prior art date
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- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims description 22
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000004640 Melamine resin Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003599 detergent Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 abstract description 3
- XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Melanin Chemical compound O=C1C(=O)C(C2=CNC3=C(C(C(=O)C4=C32)=O)C)=C2C4=CNC2=C1C XUMBMVFBXHLACL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 9
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 7
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N melamine Chemical compound NC1=NC(N)=NC(N)=N1 JDSHMPZPIAZGSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000006061 abrasive grain Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005832 Basotect® Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004831 Hot glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005587 bubbling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009172 bursting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Landscapes
- Cleaning Implements For Floors, Carpets, Furniture, Walls, And The Like (AREA)
- Washing And Drying Of Tableware (AREA)
- Vehicle Cleaning, Maintenance, Repair, Refitting, And Outriggers (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
この発明は、例えば食器等を洗浄したり、バスやトイレ等の生活機器を洗浄したり、あるいは自動車のボディー等を洗浄したりする場合に使用する清掃具に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a cleaning tool that is used, for example, when cleaning dishes or the like, cleaning household equipment such as a bath or toilet, or cleaning the body of an automobile.
従来、この種の清掃具としては、例えば、特許文献1及び特許文献2に開示されるような構成のものが提案されている。すなわち、特許文献1に記載の清掃具においては、メラミン樹脂発泡体の一側面に、そのメラミン樹脂発泡体よりも強度の高い材質の弾性発泡体からなる把持部を接着固定して構成されている。また、特許文献2に記載の清掃具においては、多数の粒状のメラミン系樹脂発泡体をポリウレタン樹脂に一体化させて構成されている。
ところで、一般に、被清掃物の洗浄清掃に際しては、洗剤を細かく泡立てることにより、強い力を要することなく、被清掃物の凹凸部等の細部まで効果的に洗浄できることが知られている。ところが、前記特許文献1及び2には、清掃具に洗剤や水を染み込ませた状態で、洗浄清掃に使用することについては示されているが、染み込ませた洗剤を泡立てて洗浄効果を高めることについては開示されていない。 By the way, in general, it is known that when cleaning an object to be cleaned, fine details of the uneven portion of the object to be cleaned can be effectively cleaned by finely bubbling a detergent without requiring a strong force. However, Patent Documents 1 and 2 show that the cleaning tool is soaked in detergent and water, and is used for cleaning and cleaning. However, the detergent soaked is bubbled to enhance the cleaning effect. Is not disclosed.
すなわち、メラミンあるいはメラミン系発泡樹脂は、小さな発泡セルが形成されるため、細かな泡の形成は可能であるが、その泡はメラミンあるいはメラミン系発泡樹脂の表面に形成されるのみで保持されず、表面から流れ落ちたり、破裂したりして泡立て効果はほとんど期待できない。従って、前記特許文献1,2に記載の清掃具では、洗剤の細かな泡が発生し難くて、泡を利用して被清掃物を効果的に洗浄清掃することはできない。さらに、メラミンあるいはメラミン系樹脂は、被清掃物と摩擦接触すると、容易に破断して破損しやすいため、特許文献1及び2の清掃具は使用耐久性に乏しいものであった。 In other words, melamine or melamine-based foamed resin can form fine bubbles because small foamed cells are formed, but the bubbles are only formed on the surface of melamine or melamine-based foamed resin and are not retained. The foaming effect can hardly be expected by flowing down from the surface or bursting. Therefore, in the cleaning tools described in Patent Documents 1 and 2, fine bubbles of detergent are not easily generated, and the object to be cleaned cannot be effectively washed and cleaned using the bubbles. Furthermore, since the melamine or the melamine-based resin is easily broken and easily damaged when it comes into frictional contact with the object to be cleaned, the cleaning tools of Patent Documents 1 and 2 have poor durability.
この発明は、このような従来の技術に存在する問題点に着目してなされたものである。その目的は、細かく泡立てることができ、被清掃物をその凹凸部等の細部まで効果的に洗浄することができるとともに、使用耐久性を向上できる清掃具を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made paying attention to such problems existing in the prior art. The purpose is to provide a cleaning tool that can be finely bubbled, can effectively clean the object to be cleaned up to details such as the concavo-convex portions, and can improve the durability of use.
上記の目的を達成するために、この発明の清掃具は、連続発泡性の弾性発泡体よりなる基体の少なくとも片面に、同基体のセル径よりも大きなセル径で、かつ連続発泡性の弾性発泡体よりなる積層体を固着したことを特徴としている。 In order to achieve the above object, the cleaning tool of the present invention has a continuous foaming elastic foam having a cell diameter larger than the cell diameter of the base body on at least one surface of the base body made of the continuous foaming elastic foam. It is characterized in that a laminated body made of a body is fixed.
従って、この清掃具を使用して被清掃物を洗浄清掃する場合には、セル径の小さい弾性発泡体よりなる基体に洗剤や水が染み込んで、細かな泡が生成される。そして、その泡がセル径の大きな弾性発泡体よりなる積層体に保持されるとともに、同積層体内を通して表面側に移動され、その移動過程において積層体に含まれる空気により、泡がさらに細分化される。よって、清掃具を被清掃物に強く擦り付けたりすることをしなくても、その細かな泡の洗浄効果にて、被清掃物をその凹凸部等の細部まで有効に洗浄することができる。また、積層体が基体の表面を覆っているため、基体が被清掃物に直接接触するのを防止して、基体の損傷を防止でき、清掃具としての使用耐久性を向上できる。 Therefore, when cleaning the object to be cleaned using this cleaning tool, the detergent or water soaks into the base made of an elastic foam having a small cell diameter, and fine bubbles are generated. The bubbles are held in a laminate made of an elastic foam having a large cell diameter and are moved to the surface side through the laminate, and the bubbles are further subdivided by the air contained in the laminate in the moving process. The Therefore, even if the cleaning tool is not strongly rubbed against the object to be cleaned, the object to be cleaned can be effectively cleaned up to the details such as the concavo-convex part by the fine bubble cleaning effect. In addition, since the laminate covers the surface of the substrate, the substrate can be prevented from coming into direct contact with the object to be cleaned, the substrate can be prevented from being damaged, and the durability of use as a cleaning tool can be improved.
また、前記の構成において、基体はメラミン樹脂により形成し、その基体のセル数を25〜300/25mmの範囲内に設定するとよい。このように構成すると、基体に洗剤や水を染み込ませて、細かな泡を効果的に生成させることができる。なお、ここで、メラミン樹脂とは、メラミン系樹脂を含むものとする。 In the above structure, the substrate is preferably made of melamine resin, and the number of cells of the substrate is preferably set in the range of 25 to 300/25 mm. If comprised in this way, detergent and water can be soaked in a base | substrate and a fine bubble can be produced | generated effectively. Here, the melamine resin includes a melamine resin.
さらに、前記の構成において、積層体はポリウレタン樹脂により形成し、その積層体のセル数を5〜80/25mmの範囲内に設定するとよい。このように構成すると、基体で生成された泡を遮蔽したり潰したりすることなく、積層体内を通して表面側へスムーズに移動させることができる。また、ポリウレタン樹脂よりなる積層体により基体を保護及び補強することができて、清掃具の強度及び使用耐久性を向上させることができる。 Furthermore, in the above configuration, the laminate is preferably formed of a polyurethane resin, and the number of cells of the laminate is preferably set within a range of 5 to 80/25 mm. If comprised in this way, the bubble produced | generated by the base | substrate can be smoothly moved to the surface side through a laminated body, without shielding or crushing. In addition, the substrate can be protected and reinforced by the laminate made of polyurethane resin, and the strength and durability of use of the cleaning tool can be improved.
しかも、前記の構成において、積層体は除膜処理を施すとよい。このように構成すると、泡の骨格間を遮蔽する膜を除去できて、積層体内での泡の生成や移動を一層向上させることができるとともに、清掃具の使用中及び使用後の水切り性を向上させることができる。 In addition, in the above structure, the laminate is preferably subjected to film removal treatment. If comprised in this way, the film | membrane which shields between the skeletons of foam can be removed, the generation | occurrence | production and movement of the foam in a laminated body can be improved further, and the draining property during and after use of a cleaning tool is improved. Can be made.
以上のように、この発明によれば、洗剤や水を染み込ませて細かく泡立てることができ、被清掃物をその凹凸部等の細部まで効果的に洗浄することができるとともに、使用耐久性を向上できる。 As described above, according to the present invention, detergent and water can be soaked into fine bubbles and the object to be cleaned can be effectively washed down to the details such as the concave and convex portions, and the use durability is improved. it can.
以下に、この発明の一実施形態を、図面に基づいて説明する。
図1に示すように、この実施形態の清掃具11は、連続気泡性の弾性発泡体よりなる基体12の表裏両面に、その基体12のセル径よりも大きなセル径で、かつ連続気泡性で、弾性発泡体よりなる一対の積層体13を、接着剤14により接着固定して構成されている。前記基体12としては、メラミン樹脂発泡体(例えば、BASFジャパン株式会社製のバソテクト(登録商標))が使用され、その基体12の気泡のセル数が25〜300/25mmの範囲内に設定されている。なお、セル数は、JIS K 6400−1:2004 付属書1(参考)に準拠する。
Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.
As shown in FIG. 1, the cleaning tool 11 of this embodiment has a cell diameter larger than the cell diameter of the base body 12 on both the front and back surfaces of the base body 12 made of an open-cell elastic foam, and is open-celled. The pair of laminates 13 made of elastic foam are bonded and fixed with an adhesive 14. As the substrate 12, a melamine resin foam (for example, Basotect (registered trademark) manufactured by BASF Japan Ltd.) is used, and the number of cells in the substrate 12 is set within a range of 25 to 300/25 mm. Yes. The number of cells conforms to JIS K 6400-1: 2004 Appendix 1 (reference).
また、前記各積層体13としては、除膜処理されたポリウレタン樹脂発泡体が使用され、その積層体13の気泡のセル数が5〜80/25mmの範囲内に設定されている。この場合、積層体13のセル数を5/25mmよりも少なく設定すると、清掃具11全体の強度が低下して、使用耐久性が低下することになる。これに対して、積層体13のセル数を80/25mmよりも多く設定すると、セル径が小さくなって、基体12で生成される泡を積層体13の表面側へスムーズに移動させることができず、その泡を有効に利用できないことがある。しかも、除膜処理を施すことによって、積層体13内での泡の保持性及び移動性が一層良好になるとともに、清掃具11の水切り性が向上する。 Moreover, as each said laminated body 13, the polyurethane resin foam by which the film removal process was carried out is used, and the cell number of the cell of the laminated body 13 is set in the range of 5-80 / 25mm. In this case, if the number of cells of the laminated body 13 is set to be less than 5/25 mm, the strength of the entire cleaning tool 11 is lowered, and the use durability is lowered. On the other hand, when the number of cells of the laminated body 13 is set to more than 80/25 mm, the cell diameter becomes small, and bubbles generated on the base body 12 can be smoothly moved to the surface side of the laminated body 13. Therefore, the bubbles may not be used effectively. Moreover, by performing the film removal treatment, the foam retention and mobility within the laminate 13 are further improved, and the drainage of the cleaning tool 11 is improved.
さらに、前記接着剤14としては、湿気硬化型1液性イソシアネート接着剤、ホットメルト接着剤等の任意の接着剤を使用することができる。また、この接着剤14の塗布方法としては、ロールコータ、スプレー塗布等の任意の塗布方法を用いることができる。この場合、基体12の気泡の骨格と各積層体13の気泡の骨格との接触部分のみに接着剤14の層が形成されるように、接着剤14の量を調整するのが好ましい。このようにすれば、基体12で生成される泡が接着剤14の層にて遮蔽されたり潰されたりすることなく、積層体13側へスムーズに移動される。
Furthermore, as the adhesive 14, any adhesive such as a moisture curable one-component isocyanate adhesive and a hot melt adhesive can be used. Moreover, as a coating method of the adhesive 14, any coating method such as roll coater or spray coating can be used. In this case, the amount of the adhesive 14 is preferably adjusted so that the layer of the adhesive 14 is formed only at the contact portion between the bubble skeleton of the substrate 12 and the bubble skeleton of each laminate 13. If it does in this way, the foam produced | generated by the base | substrate 12 will be smoothly moved to the laminated body 13 side, without being shielded by the layer of the
次に、前記のように構成された清掃具11の作用を説明する。
さて、この清掃具11を使用して、例えば食器等の被清掃物を洗浄清掃する場合には、基体12がセル径の小さい弾性発泡体から形成されているため、清掃作業にともなう清掃具11の弾性変形により、その基体12内に洗剤や水が染み込んで、細かな泡が生成される。この場合、基体12の両面に積層固定された積層体13が、基体12のセル径よりも大きなセル径で、かつ除膜処理された弾性発泡体から形成されているため、各積層体13を通して基体12には洗剤や水が十分に浸透して、細かな泡が効果的に生成される。また、基体12が除膜処理されていれば、基体12の内部に空気、洗剤及び水を充分に吸収できて、泡を有効に形成できる。
Next, the operation of the cleaning tool 11 configured as described above will be described.
When the cleaning tool 11 is used to wash and clean an object to be cleaned such as tableware, for example, the base 12 is formed of an elastic foam having a small cell diameter. Due to the elastic deformation, detergent or water soaks into the substrate 12 and fine bubbles are generated. In this case, the laminated body 13 laminated and fixed on both surfaces of the base 12 is formed of an elastic foam having a cell diameter larger than the cell diameter of the base 12 and subjected to film removal treatment. The base 12 is sufficiently penetrated by detergent and water, and fine bubbles are effectively generated. Further, if the substrate 12 is subjected to film removal treatment, air, detergent and water can be sufficiently absorbed inside the substrate 12, and bubbles can be effectively formed.
そして、生成された細かな泡が、セル径の大きな弾性発泡体よりなる各積層体13内に保持される。この状態で、清掃作業にともなう清掃具11の弾性変形により、その保持された泡が積層体13を通して、清掃具11の表裏両面側に移動される。このとき、泡の移動過程において各積層体13に含まれる空気により、泡がさらに細かく泡立てられて、清掃具11の表裏両面から外部に供給される。従って、清掃具11を被清掃物に強く擦り付けたりしなくても、細かな泡の洗浄効果を利用して、被清掃物を凹凸部等の細部まで有効に洗浄することができる。 And the produced | generated fine bubble is hold | maintained in each laminated body 13 which consists of an elastic foam with a big cell diameter. In this state, the retained foam is moved to the front and back both sides of the cleaning tool 11 through the laminate 13 by elastic deformation of the cleaning tool 11 accompanying the cleaning operation. At this time, bubbles are further finely bubbled by the air contained in each laminate 13 during the bubble movement process, and supplied to the outside from both the front and back surfaces of the cleaning tool 11. Therefore, even if the cleaning tool 11 is not strongly rubbed against the object to be cleaned, it is possible to effectively clean the object to be cleaned up to details such as the concavo-convex parts by utilizing the cleaning effect of fine bubbles.
また、ポリウレタン樹脂は、弾性反発力に優れるため、その気泡は、潰れた状態から開放状態に復元しやすく、従って、その復元過程においてさらに泡立てられて、洗浄に供する泡が豊富に形成される。 In addition, since the polyurethane resin is excellent in elastic repulsion force, the bubbles are easily restored from a collapsed state to an open state, and thus bubbles are further bubbled in the restoration process to form abundant bubbles for cleaning.
そして、前記積層体13が気泡のセル数5〜80/25mmのポリウレタン樹脂発泡体により形成されているため、セル径が充分な大きさであり、このため、基体12で生成された泡を遮蔽したり潰したりすることなく、積層体13内を通して清掃具11の表裏両面側へスムーズに移動させることができる。 And since the said laminated body 13 is formed with the polyurethane resin foam of the cell number 5-80 / 25mm of a bubble, a cell diameter is sufficient size, Therefore, the bubble produced | generated by the base | substrate 12 is shielded. Without being crushed or crushed, it can be smoothly moved to the front and back both sides of the cleaning tool 11 through the laminated body 13.
さらに、積層体13には除膜処理が施されているため、泡の生成や移動を妨げる膜が除去されている。従って、積層体13内での泡の生成や移動性を一層向上させることができる。 Furthermore, since the film removal process is performed on the laminate 13, the film that prevents the generation and movement of bubbles is removed. Therefore, the generation and mobility of bubbles in the laminate 13 can be further improved.
しかも、積層体13は除膜処理されているため、清掃具11の水切り性を向上させることができ、衛生面でも優れている。
ちなみに、積層体13に除膜処理が施されていない場合には、積層体13内に残留する膜により泡の移動が抑制されて、泡立ち性が低下して、洗浄効果が低下したり、清掃具11の水切り性が悪くなって、乾燥に時間がかかったりする。
And since the laminated body 13 is film-removed, the draining property of the cleaning tool 11 can be improved, and it is excellent also in terms of hygiene.
Incidentally, when the layered product 13 is not subjected to film removal treatment, the movement of bubbles is suppressed by the film remaining in the layered product 13, the foaming property is lowered, the cleaning effect is lowered, or the cleaning is performed. The draining property of the tool 11 is deteriorated, and drying takes time.
加えて、メラミン樹脂発泡体よりなる基体12をポリウレタン樹脂発泡体よりなる積層体13により表裏両面から覆っているため、基体12の表面がその外周端面の狭い部分を除いて被清掃物に直接接触することはない。従って、破断しやすいメラミン樹脂発泡体を靱性の高いポリウレタン樹脂発泡体により保護及び補強することができて、清掃具11の強度及び使用耐久性を向上させることができる。 In addition, since the substrate 12 made of melamine resin foam is covered from both front and back surfaces by the laminate 13 made of polyurethane resin foam, the surface of the substrate 12 directly contacts the object to be cleaned except for the narrow part of the outer peripheral end surface. Never do. Therefore, the melamine resin foam which is easily broken can be protected and reinforced by the polyurethane resin foam having high toughness, and the strength and durability of use of the cleaning tool 11 can be improved.
(変更例)
なお、この実施形態は、次のように変更して具体化することも可能である。
・ 基体12の表裏両面に一対の積層体13を積層固定することなく、基体12のいずれか一方の面(片面)に1枚の積層体13を積層固定すること。
(Example of change)
In addition, this embodiment can also be changed and embodied as follows.
A single laminated body 13 is laminated and fixed on either one surface (one side) of the base body 12 without the pair of laminated bodies 13 being laminated and fixed on both the front and back surfaces of the base body 12.
・ 基体12及び積層体13として、前記とは異なった材質の樹脂発泡体を使用すること。例えば、基体12とアクリル系樹脂発泡体を用いること。
・ 前記基体12及び積層体13の少なくとも一方として、除膜処理されていないものを用いること。このように構成しても、基体12及び積層体13のセル数の関係が前記実施形態と同様であれば、前記実施形態とほぼ同様な作用を得ることができる。
-As the base 12 and the laminate 13, use a resin foam made of a material different from the above. For example, use a base 12 and an acrylic resin foam.
-Use at least one of the substrate 12 and the laminate 13 that is not subjected to film removal treatment. Even if comprised in this way, if the relationship of the cell number of the base | substrate 12 and the laminated body 13 is the same as that of the said embodiment, the effect | action substantially the same as the said embodiment can be acquired.
・ 積層体13の表面に砥粒をコーティングしたり、内部に砥粒を混入したりして、積層体13によるかき取り効果を向上させること。 -To improve the scraping effect of the laminate 13 by coating abrasive grains on the surface of the laminate 13 or mixing abrasive grains inside.
11…清掃具、12…基体、13…積層体、14…接着剤。 DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 11 ... Cleaning tool, 12 ... Base | substrate, 13 ... Laminated body, 14 ... Adhesive.
Claims (6)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
JP2005252391A JP4758181B2 (en) | 2005-08-31 | 2005-08-31 | Cleaning tool |
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Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011092370A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Inoac Corp | Washing sponge |
JP2014159179A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Soft99 Corporation | Sponge scrub brush for automobile washing |
JP2015112122A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-22 | 花王株式会社 | Cleaning tool |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0377369U (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-08-02 | ||
JPH03108377U (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-11-07 | ||
JPH11128137A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-05-18 | Inoac Corporation:Kk | Wiping cleaner |
JP2003116762A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-22 | Sanwa Fukuoka:Kk | Sponge scrub brush and its manufacturing method |
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Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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JPH0377369U (en) * | 1989-11-30 | 1991-08-02 | ||
JPH03108377U (en) * | 1990-02-21 | 1991-11-07 | ||
JPH11128137A (en) * | 1997-08-29 | 1999-05-18 | Inoac Corporation:Kk | Wiping cleaner |
JP2003116762A (en) * | 2001-10-19 | 2003-04-22 | Sanwa Fukuoka:Kk | Sponge scrub brush and its manufacturing method |
Cited By (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2011092370A (en) * | 2009-10-29 | 2011-05-12 | Inoac Corp | Washing sponge |
JP2014159179A (en) * | 2013-02-19 | 2014-09-04 | Soft99 Corporation | Sponge scrub brush for automobile washing |
JP2015112122A (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2015-06-22 | 花王株式会社 | Cleaning tool |
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JP4758181B2 (en) | 2011-08-24 |
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