JP2007000077A - Method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cell and culture medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cell - Google Patents

Method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cell and culture medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cell Download PDF

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JP2007000077A
JP2007000077A JP2005183590A JP2005183590A JP2007000077A JP 2007000077 A JP2007000077 A JP 2007000077A JP 2005183590 A JP2005183590 A JP 2005183590A JP 2005183590 A JP2005183590 A JP 2005183590A JP 2007000077 A JP2007000077 A JP 2007000077A
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serum
culture
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adherent animal
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Keisuke Shibuya
啓介 渋谷
Masaru Nanba
勝 難波
Ryoichi Haga
良一 芳賀
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Hitachi Healthcare Manufacturing Ltd
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Hitachi Medical Corp
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<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for the serum-free culture of an adherent animal cell, by which the adherent animal cell can be proliferated without a serum originated from an animal, while maintaining the original functions of the cell, and to provide a serum-free culture medium. <P>SOLUTION: This method for the serum-free culture of the adhesive animal cell is characterized by inoculating the cell into a culture container whose culture surface is covered, and culturing the adhesive animal cell in the serum-free culture medium containing one or more hormones selected from cortisol and prolactin as an active ingredient. The serum-free culture medium is characterized by adding one or more hormones selected from cortisol and/or prolactin as an active ingredient to a serum-free culture medium for culturing the adherent animal cell. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法、その付着性動物細胞の培養に適した培地、その培養方法によって得られた間葉系幹細胞などに係る。   The present invention relates to a serum-free culture method for adherent animal cells, a medium suitable for the culture of adherent animal cells, mesenchymal stem cells obtained by the culture method, and the like.

詳しくは、基本培地にホルモン乃至成長因子を添加して培養する方法であって、細胞活性を損なうことなく、無血清付着性動物細胞を増殖させる培養方法及び培地に関するものである。   More specifically, the present invention relates to a method of culturing by adding hormones or growth factors to a basic medium, and a method for culturing serum-free adherent animal cells and a medium without impairing cell activity.

間葉系幹細胞は骨髄および/または骨膜由来であり、未分化であるが骨、軟骨、筋、靭帯、脂肪など間葉系に属する細胞に分化する能力を備えた細胞である。間葉系幹細胞はその分化多能性のみならず、骨髄等に存在し採取が容易な上、増殖能力が高く生体外の細胞培養環境でも容易に数を増やすことが出来る。そのため、骨、軟骨、腱、筋肉、脂肪、歯周組織など、多くの組織の再生医療のための移植材料として注目されている(遺伝子医学、Vol.4、No.2(2000)p58−60)。   Mesenchymal stem cells are derived from bone marrow and / or periosteum and are cells that are undifferentiated but have the ability to differentiate into cells belonging to the mesenchymal system such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, and fat. Mesenchymal stem cells are not only pluripotent but also present in the bone marrow and can be easily collected, and have a high proliferation ability and can be easily increased in an in vitro cell culture environment. Therefore, it attracts attention as a transplant material for regenerative medicine of many tissues such as bone, cartilage, tendon, muscle, fat and periodontal tissue (Gene Medicine, Vol. 4, No. 2 (2000) p58-60). ).

骨髄等に含まれる間葉系幹細胞の数は非常に少なく、骨髄液10ml中1,000細胞程度といわれている。それに対し、間葉系幹細胞を、組織の再生医療に利用するためには10細胞以上必要であるため、まず、この幹細胞を生体組織から採取し、それを大量に増殖させ、更に分化誘導を行う必要がある。増殖に必要な培養期間は約1ヶ月といわれている。 The number of mesenchymal stem cells contained in bone marrow and the like is very small, and is said to be about 1,000 cells in 10 ml of bone marrow fluid. On the other hand, in order to use mesenchymal stem cells for tissue regenerative medicine, 10 8 cells or more are necessary. First, the stem cells are collected from a living tissue, proliferated in large quantities, and further induced for differentiation. There is a need to do. The culture period required for growth is said to be about 1 month.

間葉系幹細胞を増殖させる際、構成成分が既知の基本合成培地に動物から抽出された構成成分未知の血清を混ぜて培養を行っている。この血清成分には、細胞の生存維持、増殖に必要な成分が含まれていると考えられている。しかし、動物由来の血清を用いて培養された細胞には感染症(HIV、BSE、SARS等)のリスクがあり、血清の入った培地で培養された細胞を医療用に用いることは問題視されているため、血清を用いずに細胞を培養する技術が重要視されている。   When proliferating mesenchymal stem cells, sera of unknown constituents extracted from animals are mixed in a basic synthetic medium with known constituents and cultured. This serum component is thought to contain components necessary for cell survival and proliferation. However, cells cultured using animal-derived serum have a risk of infection (HIV, BSE, SARS, etc.), and it is regarded as a problem to use cells cultured in serum-containing medium for medical purposes. Therefore, a technique for culturing cells without using serum is regarded as important.

動物細胞用の無血清培地の特許文献はいくつか見られる。例えば特許文献1の工業的物質生産に使用可能な動物細胞培養用の無血清培地、特許文献2の血清添加を必要とせずに細胞が機能性を失わずに良好に培養され得る既知成分のみから構成される培地と、多くがタンパク等の生産用動物細胞培養のための無血清培地である。しかし、これらの無血清培地は主に生産された物質を精製する際に未知成分を多数含む血清が障害となるため、それを解決するための手段として開発されたものである。   There are several patent documents on serum-free media for animal cells. For example, from a serum-free medium for animal cell culture that can be used for industrial substance production in Patent Document 1, and only known components that can be successfully cultured without loss of functionality without requiring the addition of serum in Patent Document 2. A medium to be constituted and a serum-free medium for culturing animal cells for production of proteins and the like are mostly used. However, these serum-free media have been developed as a means for solving the problem because serum containing a large number of unknown components becomes an obstacle when the produced substance is mainly purified.

一方、医療用材料として間葉系幹細胞を利用するために開発された技術に関する特許文献も出ている。例えば、特許文献3には、無血清環境下でヒト間葉系幹細胞の生存を維持する組成物及び方法が開示されている。また、特許文献4には、間葉系幹細胞の分化を誘導するためにプロスタグランジン、アスコルビン酸、コラーゲン細胞外基質等からなる骨誘導因子、分化付随因子、軟骨誘導因子等の生物活性因子と接触させることよりなる方法が開示されている。特許文献5には、プロラクチン又はその同効物の共存下で多能性間葉系幹細胞を培養し、間葉系幹細胞を脂肪細胞へ分化させる方法について公開されている。しかし、間葉系幹細胞において無血清培地で分化能を維持したまま増殖させる培地及び培養方法については報告されていない。   On the other hand, patent documents relating to techniques developed for utilizing mesenchymal stem cells as medical materials have also been issued. For example, Patent Document 3 discloses a composition and method for maintaining the survival of human mesenchymal stem cells in a serum-free environment. In addition, Patent Document 4 discloses bioinductive factors such as osteoinductive factors, differentiation-associated factors, and cartilage-inducing factors composed of prostaglandins, ascorbic acid, collagen extracellular matrix and the like for inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. A method comprising contacting is disclosed. Patent Document 5 discloses a method for culturing pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells in the presence of prolactin or its equivalent and differentiating mesenchymal stem cells into adipocytes. However, a medium and a culture method for growing mesenchymal stem cells while maintaining differentiation ability in a serum-free medium have not been reported.

特開平8−70859号公報JP-A-8-70859 特開平8−308561号公報JP-A-8-308561 特表平11−506610号公報Japanese National Patent Publication No. 11-506610 特表平10−512756号公報Japanese National Patent Publication No. 10-512756 特開2000−217576号公報JP 2000-217576 A

以上述べたように、従来の付着性培養の培養方法では、動物から抽出された血清を用いて培養しなければならなかった。医療用として細胞を調製する場合、動物から抽出された血清を用いると HIV、BSE、SARS等の感染症の危険性が残る。血清の性能は個体差に大きく左右され、細胞の品質及び生産に関しても著しく差が生じていた。また、細胞を用いた研究を行う際、未知成分である血清を用いた実験では、再現性を確認することが難しく、薬剤の効果を調べる研究に関しても血清に含まれている他の成分の影響まで議論することが出来なかった。   As described above, in the conventional culture method of adherent culture, it has been necessary to culture using serum extracted from animals. When preparing cells for medical use, using serum extracted from animals leaves the risk of infectious diseases such as HIV, BSE and SARS. Serum performance was greatly affected by individual differences, and there were significant differences in cell quality and production. In addition, when conducting research using cells, it is difficult to confirm reproducibility in experiments using serum that is an unknown component, and the effects of other components contained in the serum are also involved in studies that investigate the effects of drugs. I couldn't discuss it.

本発明は、無血清で十分な速度で培養ができる付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法及び付着性動物細胞無血清培養用培地を提供することを目的とする。   It is an object of the present invention to provide a serum-free culture method for adherent animal cells that can be cultured at a sufficient rate without serum and a medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells.

上記課題を解決するために、本発明は、コルチゾル又はプロラクチンを有効成分として含有する培地を用いた無血清培養方法に関し、これと成長因子を併用して培養することで、無血清で付着性動物細胞を増殖培養させることを可能とした。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention relates to a serum-free culture method using a medium containing cortisol or prolactin as an active ingredient, and by culturing this in combination with a growth factor, the serum-free adherent animal The cells can be grown and cultured.

本発明により、付着性の動物細胞を培養して細胞を増殖させる際に、動物から抽出された血清及び蛋白を用いる必要が無くなる。この為、HIV、BSE、SARS等の感染症の危険性を回避することが可能となり、かつ細胞を安定して供給することができ、再生医療などに適用することが可能となる。   The present invention eliminates the need to use serum and proteins extracted from animals when growing adherent animal cells and growing the cells. For this reason, it becomes possible to avoid the risk of infectious diseases such as HIV, BSE, SARS, etc., and it is possible to supply cells stably and to apply to regenerative medicine.

上記のような従来技術に存在する問題点を解決するために、動物から抽出された血清成分を含まず、既知成分のみで構成される培地及び培養方法を提供する事を目的とする。   In order to solve the problems existing in the prior art as described above, an object of the present invention is to provide a culture medium and a culture method which are composed of only known components without containing serum components extracted from animals.

血清及び動物由来成分を含まず細胞を培養するために、コルチゾルによる細胞の生存性を高め、更に増殖因子を添加することで、無血清で幹細胞を培養することを実現した。また、この無血清培地で培養した幹細胞は、分化能を維持しており、分化誘導をかけることで他の細胞への分化もできる培養を実現した。また、研究用として細胞を用いる際も、未知成分を含んだ血清と違い、細胞内のシグナル伝達等のメカニズムを明確にすることが可能となる。   In order to cultivate cells without serum and animal-derived components, it was possible to enhance cell viability with cortisol and to add stem cells to serum-free stem cells by adding growth factors. In addition, the stem cells cultured in this serum-free medium have maintained differentiation potential, and a culture that can differentiate into other cells has been realized by inducing differentiation. In addition, when cells are used for research purposes, it is possible to clarify mechanisms such as intracellular signal transduction, unlike serum containing unknown components.

本発明の具体的実施態様を例示すると以下のとおりである。
上記付着性動物細胞培養用培地が、少なくとも栄養源、窒素減、ビタミン及び接着
因子を含有する培養無血清培地。
上記付着性動物細胞培養用培地は、コルチゾルを1〜100μg/mLの濃度で含
有する。
上記付着性動物細胞培養用培地は、プロラクチンを1〜10ng/mLの濃度で含
有する。
(4)上記付着性動物細胞培養用培地は、リポソームとホルモンとの混合物を含有する。
(5)上記付着性動物細胞培養用培地は、コルチゾルが血清アルブミンをコンジュゲイトしている。
(6)培養表面を被覆した培養容器に細胞を播種し、上記培地を用いて培養する付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。この無血清培養を複数回繰り返すことができる。これにより、採取した動物細胞に含まれるHIV等の危険因子の濃度を低くすることができ、生産物の利用の安全性が高まる。
(7)血清アルブミンがヒト血清アルブミンもしくはウシ血清アルブミンである上記付着性動物細胞の培養方法。
(8)血清アルブミンが組み換えタンパク(リコンビナントタンパク)である上記付着性動物細胞の培養方法。
(9)塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子FGF−2、インターロイキン類、血小板由来増殖因子PDGFのいずれか1種以上を共存させた上記付着性動物細胞の培養方法。
(10)接着因子としてフィブロネクチン、コラーゲン及びラミニンのいずれか一つ以上で培養表面を被覆した培養容器に細胞を播種し、上記の無血清培地を用いて培養する付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。
(11)血清を添加した培地で培養した後に細胞を回収し、接着因子としてフィブロネクチン、コラーゲン及びラミニンのいずれか一つ以上で培養表面を被覆した培養容器に該細胞を播種して、上記の無血清培地を用いて培養する付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。このように、最初に血清存在下で動物細胞の培養を行って、次いで培養壁から細胞を引き剥がして洗浄し、所定の濃度で無血清培養容器に播種して、無血清培養を行うことができる。この場合も、低濃度の細胞を播種することにより、危険因子の濃度を低くすることができる。
(12)動物由来成分を用いずに継代を行う動物細胞の無血清培養法。
(13)7世代以上の継代培養において多分化能を保持する動物細胞の無血清培養法。
(14)1ヶ月以上の培養が可能である動物細胞の無血清培養法。
(15)コンフルエントな細胞密度の1/10〜1/10となる低密度の播種で増殖させる動物細胞の無血清培養法。本発明はこのように非常な低濃度の播種でも効率よく培養できるという特徴を有する。
(16)低密度で播種することで増殖速度を向上させる動物細胞の無血清培養法。低密度で播種することにより、前述のように、HIVなどの危険因子の濃度を低めることができる。
(17)付着性動物細胞がヒト由来の間葉系幹細胞である付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。
(18)上記方法によって得られた多分化能を保持する間葉系幹細胞。
(19)骨芽細胞への分化能を有する間葉系幹細胞。
(20)脂肪細胞への分化能を有する間葉系幹細胞。
Specific embodiments of the present invention are exemplified as follows.
A culture serum-free medium, wherein the adherent animal cell culture medium contains at least a nutrient source, nitrogen-reduced, vitamins and adhesion factors.
The adherent animal cell culture medium contains cortisol at a concentration of 1 to 100 μg / mL.
The adherent animal cell culture medium contains prolactin at a concentration of 1 to 10 ng / mL.
(4) The adherent animal cell culture medium contains a mixture of liposomes and hormones.
(5) In the adherent animal cell culture medium, cortisol is conjugated with serum albumin.
(6) A method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells in which cells are seeded in a culture vessel coated with a culture surface and cultured using the above medium. This serum-free culture can be repeated multiple times. Thereby, the density | concentration of risk factors, such as HIV contained in the extract | collected animal cell, can be made low, and the safety | security of utilization of a product increases.
(7) The method for culturing adherent animal cells, wherein the serum albumin is human serum albumin or bovine serum albumin.
(8) The method for culturing adherent animal cells, wherein serum albumin is a recombinant protein (recombinant protein).
(9) The method for culturing adherent animal cells, wherein at least one of basic fibroblast growth factor FGF-2, interleukins, and platelet-derived growth factor PDGF coexists.
(10) A method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells, in which cells are seeded in a culture vessel whose culture surface is coated with one or more of fibronectin, collagen and laminin as an adhesion factor, and cultured using the serum-free medium. .
(11) After culturing in a medium supplemented with serum, the cells are collected, and the cells are seeded in a culture vessel coated with one or more of fibronectin, collagen and laminin as an adhesion factor, A method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells cultured using a serum medium. In this way, animal cells are first cultured in the presence of serum, then the cells are peeled off from the culture wall, washed, and seeded in a serum-free culture container at a predetermined concentration to perform serum-free culture. it can. Also in this case, the concentration of the risk factor can be lowered by seeding the cells with a low concentration.
(12) A serum-free culture method for animal cells that is subcultured without using animal-derived components.
(13) A serum-free culture method for animal cells that retain pluripotency in passage culture of 7 generations or more.
(14) A serum-free culture method for animal cells that can be cultured for one month or longer.
(15) A serum-free culture method for animal cells grown by seeding at a low density of 1/10 3 to 1/10 5 of the confluent cell density. The present invention is characterized in that it can be efficiently cultured even at such very low concentration seeding.
(16) A serum-free culture method for animal cells that increases the growth rate by seeding at low density. By sowing at a low density, the concentration of risk factors such as HIV can be lowered as described above.
(17) A method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells, wherein the adherent animal cells are human-derived mesenchymal stem cells.
(18) A mesenchymal stem cell retaining pluripotency obtained by the above method.
(19) Mesenchymal stem cells having the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts.
(20) Mesenchymal stem cells having the ability to differentiate into adipocytes.

以下、本発明を、実施例を挙げて、より具体的に説明するが、本発明の保護範囲は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   EXAMPLES Hereinafter, although an Example is given and this invention is demonstrated more concretely, the protection scope of this invention is not limited to a following example.

(コルチゾルによる生存期間の延長)
本実施例で用いた細胞はすべて米Cambrex社のヒト間葉系幹細胞(以下hMSC;タカラバイオ製品コードPT034)を購入して供試した。本細胞は,米国FDA認可の正常骨髄提供者プログラムに基づき,18〜45歳の健常な男性ならびに妊娠していない女性の骨髄より採取した骨髄液から分離されたものである。米Cambrex社において,微生物試験(HIV−1,マイコプラズマ,B型およびC型肝炎ウイルス,細菌,酵母,カビ:陰性)と分化能試験(脂肪細胞,軟骨細胞および骨細胞への分化能:陽性)などの品質管理が行われている。
(Extension of survival with cortisol)
All the cells used in this example were purchased by purchasing human mesenchymal stem cells (hereinafter, hMSC; Takara Bio product code PT034) manufactured by Cambrex, USA. The cells were isolated from bone marrow fluid collected from the bone marrow of 18-45 year old healthy men and non-pregnant women based on the US FDA approved normal bone marrow donor program. Microbial test (HIV-1, mycoplasma, hepatitis B and C virus, bacteria, yeast, mold: negative) and differentiation ability test (differentiation ability into adipocytes, chondrocytes and bone cells: positive) Quality control is performed.

このhMSCを接着因子であるフィブロネクチンを培養面にコートした6穴プレート上に1,000個/cmの密度で播種し、血清を含まない基本培地としてのIBL Media I培地(免疫生物研究所)乃至、コルチゾル含有IBL Media I培地で37℃、5%CO環境下で培養した。各培養日数(1、4、7、11日)で、細胞をPBSで洗浄し、浮遊細胞を取り除いた後、トリプシンを用いて細胞を培養床から剥離し、コールターカウンタ(ベックマン社)により付着細胞数を計数した。ただし、無血清培地として使用する基本培地はIBL Media Iに限定されるものではない。上記無血清培地での細胞増殖曲線を図1に示す。基本培地のみの無血清培地では培養4日目まで増殖はするものの、その後増殖は停止し、7日目以降は減少していった。 This hMSC was seeded at a density of 1,000 cells / cm 2 on a 6-well plate coated with fibronectin as an adhesion factor on the culture surface, and IBL Media I medium as a basic medium without serum (Immuno-Biological Laboratories) to, 37 ° C. in cortisol content IBL Media I medium and incubated under 5% CO 2 environment. After each culture day (1, 4, 7, and 11 days), the cells were washed with PBS, the floating cells were removed, the cells were detached from the culture bed using trypsin, and the adherent cells were collected using a Coulter counter (Beckman). Numbers were counted. However, the basic medium used as the serum-free medium is not limited to IBL Media I. The cell growth curve in the above serum-free medium is shown in FIG. In the serum-free medium containing only the basic medium, growth continued until the 4th day of culture, but then the growth stopped and decreased after the 7th day.

一方、コルチゾルを含んだ無血清培地では4日目までコルチゾルを含まない無血清培地より早い増殖速度で増え、その後、増殖は停止するが細胞数は減少しなかった。このことより、基本培地だけでは細胞は4日までは増殖が遅く、7日以降は徐々に細胞が付着性を失い死滅していくが、無血清培地にコルチゾルを添加することで、細胞の増殖速度が高まり、また細胞の付着性及び生存を維持させる効果があることがわかる。   On the other hand, the serum-free medium containing cortisol increased at a faster growth rate than the serum-free medium containing no cortisol until day 4, and then the growth stopped but the number of cells did not decrease. From this fact, cells grow slowly until 4 days in the basic medium alone, and gradually lose their adherence and die after 7 days. By adding cortisol to the serum-free medium, cell proliferation It can be seen that there is an effect of increasing the speed and maintaining cell adhesion and survival.

IBL Media I培地及びIBL MediaI培地にコルチゾルを添加した無血清培地でhMSCを37℃、5%CO環境下で1ヶ月間培養した。図2に1ヶ月培養後の細胞の写真を示す。コルチゾルを含んだ無血清培地では、1ヶ月の培養後でも細胞が培養床に付着し、生存していることがわかる。一方、コルチゾルを含まない無血清培地では、培養一ヶ月後には細胞が培養床から剥がれ、細胞の形状も丸くなり浮遊した。この結果より、無血清培地にコルチゾルを含むことで少なくとも1ヶ月以上細胞を培養床に生着させ、生育させることが可能であることがわかる。コルチゾルの添加は、無血清培地で一ヶ月以上の長期間細胞を培養することを可能にさせる。 HMSCs were cultured in a serum-free medium in which cortisol was added to IBL Media I medium and IBL Media I medium in a 37 ° C., 5% CO 2 environment for 1 month. FIG. 2 shows a photograph of the cells after 1 month of culture. It can be seen that in the serum-free medium containing cortisol, the cells adhere to the culture bed and survive even after one month of culture. On the other hand, in the serum-free medium containing no cortisol, the cells were detached from the culture bed after one month of culture, and the shape of the cells became round and floated. From this result, it can be seen that by containing cortisol in the serum-free medium, cells can be allowed to grow on the culture bed for at least one month or more and grow. The addition of cortisol makes it possible to cultivate cells in serum-free medium for a long period of one month or longer.

(コルチゾルの最適濃度)
IBL Media I培地に0−100μg/mLの各濃度のコルチゾルを添加した無血清培地でフィブロネクチンをコートした96穴プレート上でhMSCを培養し、播種後4日後の付着細胞数を計数した。細胞の計数にはセルカウンティングキット(同仁化学)を用いた。図3に各濃度に対する付着細胞数の相対値を示す。この図より、コルチゾルの濃度が3μg/mL以上で効果のあることがわかる。
(Optimum concentration of cortisol)
HMSCs were cultured on a 96-well plate coated with fibronectin in a serum-free medium in which cortisol at each concentration of 0-100 μg / mL was added to IBL Media I medium, and the number of adherent cells 4 days after seeding was counted. A cell counting kit (Dojin Chemical) was used for cell counting. FIG. 3 shows the relative value of the number of adherent cells for each concentration. From this figure, it can be seen that there is an effect when the concentration of cortisol is 3 μg / mL or more.

ただし、コルチゾルの最適濃度は、培養条件により変わり得るものであり、上記の濃度に限定されるものではない。例えば、リポソームにコルチゾルを結合させることで細胞の食作用を利用し、細胞内へ容易にコルチゾルを入れることが出来るため低濃度でもコルチゾルの効果を得ることが可能である。   However, the optimal concentration of cortisol can vary depending on the culture conditions, and is not limited to the above concentration. For example, by cortisol binding to liposomes, the phagocytosis of cells can be used, and cortisol can be easily put into cells, so that the effects of cortisol can be obtained even at low concentrations.

(コルチゾル+FGF−2による細胞増殖)
IBL Media I培地に増殖因子FGF−2を添加した培地とIBL Media I培地にコルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した培地でhMSCを培養し、培養16日目で継代を行った。継代では、リコンビナントトリプシン(遺伝子組み換えトリプシン)、大豆由来トリプシンインヒビターを用い、動物由来成分を用いずに行った。図4にこのときの細胞の増殖曲線を示す。コルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した無血清培地では培養30日で図5に示すようにコンフレントな状態まで到達した。一方、FGF−2のみ添加した無血清培地では、培養8日で増殖は止まり、コンフルエントな状態まで到達しなかった。
(Cell proliferation by cortisol + FGF-2)
HMSCs were cultured in a medium in which growth factor FGF-2 was added to IBL Media I medium and in a medium in which cortisol and FGF-2 were added to IBL Media I medium, and subculture was performed on the 16th day of culture. The passage was performed using recombinant trypsin (genetically modified trypsin), soybean-derived trypsin inhibitor, and no animal-derived components. FIG. 4 shows a cell growth curve at this time. The serum-free medium supplemented with cortisol and FGF-2 reached a confluent state as shown in FIG. On the other hand, in the serum-free medium to which only FGF-2 was added, the growth stopped after 8 days of culture and did not reach a confluent state.

また、コルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した無血清培地では継代を行うと細胞の増殖は可能であったが、FGF−2のみを添加した無血清培地では継代を行っても細胞は増殖しなかった。   In addition, cell growth was possible when subcultured in serum-free medium supplemented with cortisol and FGF-2, but cells proliferated even when subcultured in serum-free medium supplemented with only FGF-2. There was no.

(播種密度の影響)
hMSCをフィブロネクチンをコートした6ウェルプレートに0.5、5、50、500、5,000個/cmの各播種密度で播種し、IBL Media I培地にコルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した無血清培地で37℃、5%CO環境下で培養を行った。図6に各播種密度での増殖曲線を示す。標準的な血清培地(DMEMに10%ウシ胎児血清を加えた培地)では、播種時の細胞数密度は5,000個/cmと推奨されており、これはコンフレントな状態40,000個/cmの8分の1である。それゆえ、細胞が8倍に増殖した時点で継代を行う必要がある。しかし、本無血清培地で培養すると、推奨よりもはるかに低い密度(2万分の1以上の密度)でも細胞を増殖させることが可能であり、継代なしに細胞を10倍以上に増殖させることができる。
(Influence of sowing density)
Serum-free in which hMSCs are seeded in 6-well plates coated with fibronectin at each seeding density of 0.5, 5, 50, 500, 5,000 cells / cm 2 and cortisol and FGF-2 are added to IBL Media I medium. The culture was performed at 37 ° C. in a 5% CO 2 environment. FIG. 6 shows a growth curve at each seeding density. In standard serum medium (medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum in DMEM), the cell number density at the time of seeding is recommended to be 5,000 cells / cm 2 , which is 40,000 cells / cm 2 in a confluent state. One-eighth of cm 2 . Therefore, it is necessary to perform passage when the cells grow 8 times. However, when cultured in the serum-free medium, much a low density (20,000 parts per more density) even possible to grow cells, cells are grown to more than 10 5 fold without passages than the recommended be able to.

この増殖曲線より培養30日までの比増殖速度を求めると図7のようになる。本無血清培地で細胞を培養すると播種密度が小さくなるにつれ、細胞の増殖が早くなることがわかる。従って播種密度を小さくすることで、早い増殖速度で細胞を増殖させることが可能であることがわかる。   FIG. 7 shows the specific growth rate up to 30 days of culture from this growth curve. It can be seen that when cells are cultured in this serum-free medium, the proliferation of the cells becomes faster as the seeding density decreases. Therefore, it can be seen that the cells can be grown at a high growth rate by reducing the seeding density.

(インターロイキン−1αの効果)
培養面にフィブロネクチンのコートされた6ウェルプレート上にhMSCを播種し、コルチゾル、FGF−2、インターロイキン−1αを含んだ無血清培地で培養を行った。図8にその増殖曲線を示す。コルチゾル、FGF−2を含んだ(インターロイキン−1α不含)無血清培地では、標準血清培地に比して増殖は遅い。
(Effect of interleukin-1α)
HMSC was seeded on a 6-well plate coated with fibronectin on the culture surface, and cultured in a serum-free medium containing cortisol, FGF-2, and interleukin-1α. FIG. 8 shows the growth curve. Growth in the serum-free medium containing cortisol and FGF-2 (without interleukin-1α) is slower than that in the standard serum medium.

しかし、コルチゾル、FGF−2を含む無血清培地に更にインターロイキン−1αを添加することで、播種後3日までは増殖が遅いものの、その後は標準血清培地を上回る増殖性を示した。   However, by adding interleukin-1α to a serum-free medium containing cortisol and FGF-2, the growth was slow until 3 days after seeding, but thereafter, the growth was higher than the standard serum medium.

コルチゾル、FGF−2に加え、更にインターロイキン−1αを添加することで増殖能が向上することがわかる。   It can be seen that proliferation ability is improved by adding interleukin-1α in addition to cortisol and FGF-2.

(骨芽細胞への分化能の確認)
コルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した無血清培地と更にインターロイキン−1αを添加した無血清培地それぞれでhMSCを2週間培養し、骨芽細胞への分化誘導を行った。
(Confirmation of differentiation ability into osteoblasts)
HMSCs were cultured for 2 weeks in serum-free medium supplemented with cortisol and FGF-2 and serum-free medium supplemented with interleukin-1α to induce differentiation into osteoblasts.

骨芽細胞への分化には、骨芽細胞分化培地(Cambrex)を用いた。骨芽細胞分化培地には、ウシ血清の他、デキサメタゾン、アスコルビン酸、グリセロリン酸を含んでいる。hMSCを無血清培地で2週間培養した後に、上記骨芽細胞分化培地に交換し、さらに2週間培養を続けた。この間、3日に一度新しい培地との交換を行った。   Osteoblast differentiation medium (Cambrex) was used for differentiation into osteoblasts. In addition to bovine serum, the osteoblast differentiation medium contains dexamethasone, ascorbic acid, and glycerophosphate. After culturing hMSC in a serum-free medium for 2 weeks, it was replaced with the osteoblast differentiation medium, and further cultured for 2 weeks. During this period, the medium was replaced with a new medium once every three days.

骨芽細胞への分化は、アルカリフォスファターゼ染色法で確認した。染色にはTRACP&ALP double−stain Kit(タカラバイオ)を用いた。手順は分化誘導を行った細胞を、PBSで1回洗浄し、細胞固定液を加え室温で5分間静置し、固定した。滅菌水を加え固定液を希釈してから、固定液を取り除き、再び滅菌水で細胞を洗浄した。   Differentiation into osteoblasts was confirmed by alkaline phosphatase staining. For staining, TRACP & ALP double-stain Kit (Takara Bio) was used. In the procedure, differentiation-induced cells were washed once with PBS, added with a cell fixative, and allowed to stand at room temperature for 5 minutes to be fixed. After sterilizing water was added to dilute the fixative, the fixative was removed and the cells were washed again with sterile water.

アルカリ性フォスファターゼ基質液を固定した細胞に加えた。37℃、30分間インキュベートを行い発色させた。顕微鏡により、染色像を撮影した。結果を図9に示す。   Alkaline phosphatase substrate solution was added to the fixed cells. Color was developed by incubating at 37 ° C. for 30 minutes. A stained image was taken with a microscope. The results are shown in FIG.

骨芽細胞に分化した細胞はアルカリフォスファターゼ活性染色によりいずれも黒褐色に染まった(図9(a)(c)(e))。特に、インターロイキン−1α+コルチゾル+FGF−2(図9(c))と標準血清培地(図9(e))が強く染まっていた。一方分化誘導を行わなかった細胞に関しては、いずれも誘導を行った細胞ほど染まらなかったが、標準血清培地に関しては若干細胞が染まっており(図9(f))、誘導をかけなくても骨芽細胞への分化が起こる傾向が見られた。   Cells differentiated into osteoblasts were stained dark brown by alkaline phosphatase activity staining (FIGS. 9A, 9C, and 9E). In particular, interleukin-1α + cortisol + FGF-2 (FIG. 9 (c)) and standard serum medium (FIG. 9 (e)) were strongly stained. On the other hand, the cells that were not induced to differentiate were not stained as much as the cells that were induced, but the standard serum medium was slightly stained (FIG. 9 (f)), and the bone was obtained without induction. There was a tendency for differentiation into blasts.

以上より、インターロイキンを加えた本無血清培地で培養することにより、骨芽細胞への自然な分化を防ぐことができ、かつ分化誘導を行うことで高い骨芽細胞への分化を行うことができることがわかる。   From the above, it is possible to prevent natural differentiation into osteoblasts by culturing in this serum-free medium supplemented with interleukin, and to differentiate into high osteoblasts by inducing differentiation. I understand that I can do it.

(脂肪細胞への分化能の確認)
コルチゾルとFGF−2を添加した無血清培地と更にインターロイキン−1αを添加した無血清培地それぞれでhMSCを2週間培養し、脂肪細胞への分化誘導を行った。
(Confirmation of differentiation into adipocytes)
HMSCs were cultured for 2 weeks in serum-free medium supplemented with cortisol and FGF-2 and serum-free medium supplemented with interleukin-1α, respectively, to induce differentiation into adipocytes.

脂肪細胞への分化には、脂肪細胞分化維持培地と脂肪細胞分化誘導培地の2種類の培地を用いた。脂肪細胞分化維持培地には、ウシ血清の他、ヒトインシュリンが含まれている。脂肪細胞分化誘導培地には、ウシ血清、ヒトインシュリン(組み換え体)の他、L−グルタミン、デキサメタゾン、インドメタシン、IBMXが含まれている。無血清培地で培養した細胞を脂肪細胞分化誘導培地に交換し、3日間培養した。その後、脂肪細胞分化維持培地に交換し3日間培養した。更に脂肪細胞分化誘導培地に代え、3日間と3回繰り返すことにより脂肪細胞への分化誘導を行った。   For differentiation into adipocytes, two types of media, adipocyte differentiation maintenance medium and adipocyte differentiation induction medium, were used. The adipocyte differentiation maintenance medium contains bovine serum and human insulin. The adipocyte differentiation induction medium contains L-glutamine, dexamethasone, indomethacin, and IBMX in addition to bovine serum and human insulin (recombinant). Cells cultured in serum-free medium were replaced with adipocyte differentiation induction medium and cultured for 3 days. Thereafter, the medium was replaced with an adipocyte differentiation maintenance medium and cultured for 3 days. Furthermore, instead of the adipocyte differentiation-inducing medium, differentiation induction into adipocytes was performed by repeating 3 days and 3 times.

脂肪細胞はオイルレッドO染色により確認した。手順は、分化誘導した細胞をPBSで3回洗浄し、10%ホルムアルデヒドを加え4℃、1時間静置し、細胞を固定した。ホルムアルデヒドを吸い取り、オイルレッドO溶液を加え、室温で15分静置し、蒸留水で3回洗浄した。その後、顕微鏡により細胞を観察した。   Adipocytes were confirmed by oil red O staining. In the procedure, differentiation-induced cells were washed 3 times with PBS, 10% formaldehyde was added, and the cells were allowed to stand at 4 ° C. for 1 hour to fix the cells. Formaldehyde was absorbed, oil red O solution was added, allowed to stand at room temperature for 15 minutes, and washed 3 times with distilled water. Thereafter, the cells were observed with a microscope.

脂肪細胞に分化した細胞はオイルレッドO染色により赤色に染まる(図10)。分化誘導を行った図10(a)、10(c)、10(e)では顆粒状に染色された細胞が確認できるのに対し、分化誘導を行わなかった細胞図10(b)、10(d)、10(f)では全く染色されなかった。このことより、本無血清培地での培養では脂肪細胞への分化能を維持したまま増殖させることができることを示している。特に、コルチゾル+FGF−2を含有する無血清培地(図10(a))より、コルチゾル+FGF−2+インターロイキン−1αを含有する培地(図10(c))の方が脂肪細胞への分化能が高く保持されることがわかる。   Cells differentiated into adipocytes are stained red by oil red O staining (FIG. 10). In FIGS. 10 (a), 10 (c), and 10 (e) in which differentiation induction was performed, cells stained in a granular shape can be confirmed, whereas in cells in which differentiation induction was not performed, FIGS. d) No staining was observed at 10 (f). This indicates that the culture in this serum-free medium can be propagated while maintaining the differentiation ability into adipocytes. In particular, the medium containing cortisol + FGF-2 + interleukin-1α (FIG. 10 (c)) is more potent in differentiation into adipocytes than the serum-free medium containing cortisol + FGF-2 (FIG. 10 (a)). It can be seen that it is held high.

(他のホルモン(プロラクチン)による増強)
フィブロネクチンのコートされた96ウェルプレートにhMSCを播種し、0.1−10ng/mLの濃度のプロラクチンを含んだ無血清培地で培養を行った。培養4日目にセルカウンティングキットを用いて細胞数の計数を行った。その結果を図11に示す。この図より1ng/mL以上の濃度で増殖の効果があることがわかる。
(Enhancement by other hormones (prolactin))
A 96-well plate coated with fibronectin was inoculated with hMSC and cultured in a serum-free medium containing prolactin at a concentration of 0.1-10 ng / mL. On the 4th day of culture, the number of cells was counted using a cell counting kit. The result is shown in FIG. From this figure, it can be seen that there is a proliferation effect at a concentration of 1 ng / mL or more.

(コルチゾルに他の因子を添加した場合の効果向上)
上記、無血清培地内にコルチゾル+FGF−2+インターロイキン−1αを含有した無血清培地の他に、コルチゾルと他の因子の組合せで添加した無血清培地でhMSCの培養を行った。
(Improved effect when other factors are added to cortisol)
In addition to the serum-free medium containing cortisol + FGF-2 + interleukin-1α in the serum-free medium, hMSCs were cultured in a serum-free medium added with a combination of cortisol and other factors.

フィブロネクチンのコートされた96ウェルプレートにhMSCを播種し、4日間培養し、細胞数を計数した。細胞数の計数はセルカウンティングキットを用いた。図12に各組合せの増殖効果を示す。   The 96-well plate coated with fibronectin was seeded with hMSC, cultured for 4 days, and the number of cells was counted. A cell counting kit was used for counting the number of cells. FIG. 12 shows the proliferation effect of each combination.

コルチゾルにプロラクチンを加えてもコルチゾル単独より効果が向上する。また、コルチゾルとFGF−2の組合せで大きな効果があるが、更にプロラクチン、もしくはPDGFを添加することにより増殖の向上を得ることができる。   Even if prolactin is added to cortisol, the effect is improved over cortisol alone. In addition, the combination of cortisol and FGF-2 has a great effect, but the growth can be improved by further adding prolactin or PDGF.

無血清培地にコルチゾルを加えたときの間葉系幹細胞の増殖曲線を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the proliferation curve of a mesenchymal stem cell when cortisol is added to a serum-free culture medium. コルチゾルを加えた無血清培地(a)とコルチゾルを加えない無血清培地(b)でそれぞれ1ヶ月間間葉系幹細胞を培養したときの細胞の写真である。It is the photograph of a cell when a mesenchymal stem cell is cultured for one month, respectively in the serum-free medium (a) which added cortisol, and the serum-free medium (b) which does not add cortisol. 無血清培地で細胞を培養した際のコルチゾルの濃度依存性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the density | concentration dependence of cortisol at the time of culture | cultivating a cell in a serum-free medium. コルチゾルとFGF−2を加えた無血清培地で継代培養を行ったときの細胞の増殖曲線を示す図である。破線部はFGF−2のみを添加した無血清培地で培養した増殖曲線である。It is a figure which shows the proliferation curve of a cell when subculture is performed by the serum-free culture medium which added cortisol and FGF-2. A broken line part is a growth curve cultured in a serum-free medium containing only FGF-2. コルチゾルとFGF−2を加えた無血清培地で継代培養を行ったときの(イ)播種後1日、(ロ)播種後30日の細胞写真である。It is a cell photograph of (a) one day after seeding and (b) 30 days after seeding when subcultured in a serum-free medium supplemented with cortisol and FGF-2. 無血清培地にて各播種密度(0.5、5、50、500、5,000個/cm)で細胞を培養したときの増殖曲線である。It is a growth curve when cells are cultured at each seeding density (0.5, 5, 50, 500, 5,000 cells / cm 2 ) in a serum-free medium. 無血清培地で培養した際の、播種密度と比増殖速度との関係を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the relationship between a seeding density at the time of culture | cultivating in a serum-free culture medium, and a specific growth rate. コルチゾル、FGF−2に加えインターロイキン−1αを添加した無血清培地で細胞を培養したときのインターロイキン−1αの効果を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the effect of interleukin-1 (alpha) when a cell is cultured by the serum-free culture medium which added interleukin-1 (alpha) in addition to cortisol and FGF-2. コルチゾルとFGF−2もしくはコルチゾルとFGF−2とインターロイキン−1αを添加した無血清培地で幹細胞を培養した後に骨芽細胞へ分化誘導を行ったときのアルカリフォスファターゼ活性による染色像である。It is the dyeing | staining image by an alkaline phosphatase activity when differentiation induction to an osteoblast is performed after culture | cultivating a stem cell in the serum-free culture medium which added cortisol and FGF-2 or cortisol, FGF-2, and interleukin-1 (alpha). コルチゾルとFGF−2もしくはコルチゾルとFGF−2とインターロイキン−1αを添加した無血清培地で幹細胞を培養した後に脂肪細胞へ分化誘導を行ったときの透過光像である。It is a transmitted light image when differentiation induction to a fat cell is performed after culturing a stem cell in a serum-free medium to which cortisol and FGF-2 or cortisol, FGF-2 and interleukin-1α are added. 無血清培地で間葉系幹細胞を培養した際のプロラクチンの濃度依存性を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the density | concentration dependence of prolactin when mesenchymal stem cells are cultured in a serum-free medium. 無血清培地にコルチゾルの他、プロラクチン、FGF−2、PDGFを様々な組合せで添加して間葉系幹細胞を培養した際の、培養4日後における付着細胞数を示した図である。It is the figure which showed the number of adherent cells 4 days after culture | cultivation when adding prolactin, FGF-2, and PDGF with various combinations other than cortisol to a serum-free medium, and culture | cultivating mesenchymal stem cells.

Claims (22)

培養表面を被覆した培養容器に細胞を播種し、コルチゾル及びプロラクチンの1種以上のホルモンを有効成分として含有する付着性動物細胞の無血清培地を用いて培養することを特徴とする付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   An adherent animal cell characterized by seeding a cell in a culture vessel coated with a culture surface and culturing using a serum-free medium of an adherent animal cell containing at least one hormone of cortisol and prolactin as an active ingredient Serum-free culture method. 無血清培養を行って得た細胞を培養容器から剥離し再度新たな培養容器に播種を複数回繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項1記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   2. The method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 1, wherein cells obtained by performing serum-free culture are detached from the culture vessel and seeded again in a new culture vessel a plurality of times. 血清を添加した培地で培養した後に細胞を回収し、接着因子で培養表面を被覆した培養容器に該細胞を播種して、コルチゾル及びプロラクチンの1種以上のホルモンを有効成分として含有する無血清培地を用いて付着性動物細胞の培養を複数回繰り返すことを特徴とする付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   Serum-free medium containing cells as an active ingredient after recovering cells after culturing in a medium supplemented with serum, seeding the cells in a culture container whose culture surface is coated with an adhesion factor, and one or more hormones of cortisol and prolactin A method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells, characterized in that the culture of adherent animal cells is repeated a plurality of times. 動物由来成分を用いずに継代を行うことを特徴とする請求項1から3のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   4. The method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the passage is performed without using animal-derived components. 7世代以上の継代培養において多分化能を保持することを特徴とする請求項1から4のいずれかに記載の無血清培養方法。   The serum-free culture method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein pluripotency is maintained in passage culture of 7 generations or more. 1ヶ月以上の培養が可能であることを特徴とする請求項1から5のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   6. The method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the culture is possible for one month or longer. コンフルエントな細胞密度の1/10〜1/10となる低密度の播種で増殖させることを特徴とする請求項1から6のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。 7. The method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the cells are grown by seeding at a low density of 1/10 3 to 1/10 5 of the confluent cell density. 低密度で播種することにより増殖速度を向上させることを特徴とする請求項1から7のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   The method for serum-free cultivation of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the growth rate is improved by seeding at low density. 付着性動物細胞がヒト由来の間葉系幹細胞である請求項1から8のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養方法。   The method for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the adherent animal cells are human-derived mesenchymal stem cells. コルチゾル及びプロラクチンの1種以上のホルモンを有効成分として含有する付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   A medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells containing at least one hormone of cortisol and prolactin as an active ingredient. 前記培地が、栄養源、窒素源、ビタミン及び接着因子を含有する請求項10記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 10, wherein the medium contains a nutrient source, a nitrogen source, vitamins and an adhesion factor. コルチゾルを1〜100μg/mLの濃度で培地中に含有する請求項10に記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 10, wherein cortisol is contained in the medium at a concentration of 1 to 100 µg / mL. プロラクチンを1〜10 ng/mLの濃度で培地中に含有する請求項10に記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 10, wherein prolactin is contained in the medium at a concentration of 1 to 10 ng / mL. リポソームと前記ホルモンとの混合物を培地に含有させることを特徴とする請求項10から13のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の培養用無血清培地。   The serum-free medium for culturing adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 10 to 13, wherein the medium contains a mixture of liposomes and the hormone. コルチゾルが血清アルブミンをコンジュゲイトしている請求項10又は12に記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 10 or 12, wherein the cortisol is conjugated with serum albumin. 血清アルブミンがヒト血清アルブミンもしくはウシ血清アルブミンである請求項15記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 15, wherein the serum albumin is human serum albumin or bovine serum albumin. 血清アルブミンが組み換えタンパク(リコンビナントタンパク)である請求項15又は16に記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 15 or 16, wherein the serum albumin is a recombinant protein (recombinant protein). 塩基性繊維芽細胞増殖因子FGF−2、インターロイキン類及び血小板由来増殖因子PDGFのいずれか1種以上を共存させた請求項10から17のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 10 to 17, wherein at least one of basic fibroblast growth factor FGF-2, interleukins and platelet-derived growth factor PDGF coexists. Culture medium. 接着因子がフィブロネクチン、コラーゲン及びラミニンの一つ以上であることを特徴とする請求項11記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養用培地。   The medium for serum-free culture of adherent animal cells according to claim 11, wherein the adhesion factor is one or more of fibronectin, collagen, and laminin. 請求項1から9のいずれかに記載の付着性動物細胞の無血清培養法によって得られた多分化能を保持する間葉系幹細胞。   A mesenchymal stem cell retaining pluripotency obtained by the serum-free culture method of adherent animal cells according to any one of claims 1 to 9. 骨芽細胞への分化能を有する請求項20に記載の間葉系幹細胞。   The mesenchymal stem cell according to claim 20, which has an ability to differentiate into an osteoblast. 脂肪細胞への分化能を有する請求項20に記載の間葉系幹細胞。   The mesenchymal stem cell according to claim 20, which has an ability to differentiate into an adipocyte.
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