JP2006506090A - How to increase catch in the ocean - Google Patents
How to increase catch in the ocean Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006506090A JP2006506090A JP2004553447A JP2004553447A JP2006506090A JP 2006506090 A JP2006506090 A JP 2006506090A JP 2004553447 A JP2004553447 A JP 2004553447A JP 2004553447 A JP2004553447 A JP 2004553447A JP 2006506090 A JP2006506090 A JP 2006506090A
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- fish
- phytoplankton
- patch
- ocean
- ocean surface
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 241000251468 Actinopterygii Species 0.000 claims abstract description 49
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000011785 micronutrient Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000013369 micronutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000021073 macronutrients Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000013522 chelant Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003050 macronutrient Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims 2
- DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydroxidooxidosulfur(.) Chemical compound [O]SO DOUHZFSGSXMPIE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims 1
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron Substances [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 29
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 15
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 10
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 description 5
- 208000015756 familial Alzheimer disease Diseases 0.000 description 3
- 235000019162 flavin adenine dinucleotide Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M sulfonate Chemical compound [O-]S(=O)=O BDHFUVZGWQCTTF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 241001474374 Blennius Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000581364 Clinitrachus argentatus Species 0.000 description 1
- KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N EDTA Chemical compound OC(=O)CN(CC(O)=O)CCN(CC(O)=O)CC(O)=O KCXVZYZYPLLWCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001125080 Erpetoichthys calabaricus Species 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 241000287463 Phalacrocorax Species 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930002875 chlorophyll Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 235000019804 chlorophyll Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M chlorophyll a Chemical compound C1([C@@H](C(=O)OC)C(=O)C2=C3C)=C2N2C3=CC(C(CC)=C3C)=[N+]4C3=CC3=C(C=C)C(C)=C5N3[Mg-2]42[N+]2=C1[C@@H](CCC(=O)OC\C=C(/C)CCC[C@H](C)CCC[C@H](C)CCCC(C)C)[C@H](C)C2=C5 ATNHDLDRLWWWCB-AENOIHSZSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000006486 human diet Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000009533 lab test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005610 lignin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000243 photosynthetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000306 recurrent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003643 water by type Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K79/00—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery
- A01K79/02—Methods or means of catching fish in bulk not provided for in groups A01K69/00 - A01K77/00, e.g. fish pumps; Detection of fish; Whale fishery by electrocution
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
- Artificial Fish Reefs (AREA)
- Mechanical Means For Catching Fish (AREA)
Abstract
海洋での魚類捕獲量を増大する方法は、海洋表面を肥沃にすることであり、短期間の植物性プランクトン発生（bloom）を起こさせ、これが魚類誘導装置（ＦＡＤ）を形成する。このＦＡＤは、魚類を予定の魚類捕獲ボート領域に誘導して魚類捕獲のための労力を軽減する。このブルームは、キレート化鉄イオン肥料を海洋表面に短期間添加することにより形成され、約１月乃至約２月持続する。A way to increase the amount of fish caught in the ocean is to make the ocean surface fertile, causing a short period of phytoplankton generation (bloom), which forms a fish guidance device (FAD). This FAD reduces the effort for catching fish by guiding the fish to the planned fish catch boat area. This bloom is formed by the short-term addition of chelated iron ion fertilizer to the ocean surface and lasts from about 1 month to about 2 months.
Description
本発明の狙いは、大洋中の魚群を所期の特定海域に誘導して、魚業に費す労務、費用からの見返りを増強する点にある。 The aim of the present invention is to increase the payback of labor and costs spent on fisheries by guiding fish schools in the ocean to a specific sea area.
大洋中で魚類の捕獲に要するコストの約２／３は、魚群を探知するための経費であり、後の１／３が探知した魚群の捕獲とその処理に要する費用である。この故に、漁師達のプライドは、綱であれ、網であれ、いっぱいに水あげを得ることにあり、だから何処に魚群が潜在するかを知ることが重要である。回游魚群の捕獲時や遠洋漁業で漁師達がよく用いる一つの方法は、よき餌ないし友釣に類する漁法である。然しこれはかなり高価につき、而も短時間しか効かない。漁師達は、魚群が海草の繁茂するフローティングパッチの下やドックや浮游物の下部海域に集合して来ることを認知して今日に至っている。実は、このことがＦＡＤｓと称する魚群をおびき寄せる装置の利用に繋って来た。この装置は約１００〜２００ｆｔ2 の広さを持つ浮游体で、それが海洋中で魚類を呼込む或種の陰影を放射して、そこに魚群が集まるという道理に基づくものである。このＦＡＤｓは１ヶでは小さいので、複数を配置して使用し、魚群処理器により捕獲した魚群を回収することが必要である。 About 2/3 of the cost required for catching fish in the ocean is the cost for detecting the school of fish, and the next 1/3 is the cost required for capturing and processing the school of fish detected. For this reason, fishermen's pride is to get full watering, whether it is a rope or a net, so it is important to know where the school of fish is latent. One method often used by fishermen when catching reef fish schools and in the offshore fishery is fishing methods similar to good bait or friend fishing. However, this is quite expensive and only works for a short time. The fishermen have come to the present day, recognizing that the school of fish gathers under the floating patch where seaweeds grow and under the docks and floats. In fact, this has led to the use of devices that attract fish schools called FADs. This device is a floating body with a width of about 100 to 200 ft 2 , which is based on the reason that a certain shadow that attracts fish in the ocean radiates and the school of fish gathers there. Since one FADs is small, it is necessary to arrange and use a plurality of the FADs and collect the fish caught by the fish school processor.
大きなＦＡＤ（Fish Attractive Device−魚を呼び込む装置）は、海洋の表面に肥料を投入することにより、植物プランクトンがかなり濃密に生息する海域を形成させ、安価なパッチ（群生領域）が得られるようになった。このような生物学的ＦＡＤパッチは、生成後、約１〜２ヶ月間、命脈を保持すると思われる。 A large FAD (Fish Attractive Device) can be used to produce a highly dense patch of phytoplankton by injecting fertilizers onto the surface of the ocean so that inexpensive patches (group areas) can be obtained. became. Such a biological FAD patch appears to retain a life cycle for about 1-2 months after production.
海洋中で魚獲量を増強させる方途の一つは、凡そ次のステップから構成されるであろう。（１）或海域の表面をテストして各多量栄養素が予め制定しておいた第１レベルの濃度で存在し、それにより植物プランクトンが成長を促進される状態にあることを確認する。（２）その海域の表面をテストし、第１の微量栄養素が植物プランクトンの成長を制限する第２の制定レベルで存在することを確認する。（３）その対象海面をテストして、そこの浸透度（rate of diffusion）が第３の制定レベル内にあり、その故に植物プランクトンのパッチを生成するに適当なことを確認する。（４）その海域の表面において、植物プランクトンのパッチを生成させるため或限られた多量栄養素から成る肥料を散布する、そして（５）パッチの領域の下部及び内部の魚類を捕獲する。 One way to increase fish catch in the ocean would consist of roughly the following steps: (1) Test the surface of a sea area to ensure that each macronutrient is present at a pre-established first level concentration, thereby promoting phytoplankton growth. (2) Test the surface of the sea area and confirm that the first micronutrient is present at a second established level that limits phytoplankton growth. (3) Test the target sea level to confirm that its rate of diffusion is within the third established level and is therefore suitable for generating phytoplankton patches. (4) At the surface of the sea area, spray fertilizer consisting of some limited macronutrients to produce phytoplankton patches, and (5) capture fish under and inside the patch area.
大洋中でＦＤＡを製作する方法としては凡そ次の手順で推進されるであろう。：（１）大洋中の海面水をテストし、各栄養分が欠落しているか、又は或限定域の濃度内にあるかを見定める。：（２）肥料を投入すれば、上記各栄養分が欠落せず、又限度内にある場合でも各要素が植物プランクトンに有益な状態で残存し、而も太陽光線が届く領域（photic zone）から肥料の沈澱等により有意のレベルでは消失しないことを見届けた上で、更なる措置をとる。：（３）次には大洋中の対象海域の位置が重要となる。その要点は、当該海域の水流が横にも縦にも早過ぎる動きや運動することなく（水流の滲透係数が１日当り６．７平方マイル以下でなければならない）、その海域の位置が遠洋性ないし回游性の魚群に適した公海であることが条件である。海洋に於いては、光合成反応を促進するに足る充分な陽光量が、海面下わずか約１００〜２００ｍの水深海域にしか存在しない。太陽光線が届く領域（photic zone）なる単語はこの海域を示唆するためにだけ使用され、この水域でのみ光学合成反応が進行するのである。この太陽光線が届く領域（photic zone）の下部には、太陽光線が届かない領域（aphotic zone）なる海域があるが、ここには最早、光合成反応を促進するに足る光量は存在しない。 The FDA production method in the ocean will be promoted by the following procedure. : (1) Test ocean waters in the ocean to determine if each nutrient is missing or within a limited range of concentrations. : (2) If fertilizer is added, the above nutrients will not be lost, and even if they are within the limits, each element will remain beneficial to the phytoplankton, and from the area where the sunlight can reach (photic zone) Take further measures after confirming that it does not disappear at a significant level due to fertilizer precipitation. : (3) Next, the location of the target sea area in the ocean is important. The main point is that the current of the sea area does not move or move too quickly in the horizontal or vertical direction (the permeability of the water stream must be 6.7 square miles or less per day), and the location of the sea area is pelagic. It must also be a high sea suitable for recurrent fish schools. In the ocean, there is a sufficient amount of positive light enough to promote the photosynthetic reaction only in a deep water area of about 100 to 200 m below the sea surface. The word photic zone is used only to indicate this area, and the optical synthesis reaction proceeds only in this area. There is a sea area which is an area where the sunlight rays do not reach (aphotic zone) below the area where the sunlight rays reach (photic zone), but there is no longer enough light amount to promote the photosynthesis reaction.
或栄養分が一定の低域濃度でしか存在しないのは、抑々その海域に於ける水中の栄養分の含有レベルが低いために植物プランクトンの生長がかなりの程度に迄低限されているからである。従って、このような栄養分の低域ゾーンが必要とする適正補正量は、当然太陽光線が届く領域（photic zone）に於いてその養分濃度をあげるために必要とする量と合致する訳である。何故なら太陽光線が届く領域（photic zone）に於いて、その養分濃度の不足により植物プランクトンの群生域（bloom）の生長が相当量減殺されることが解消するからである。多くの場合、海域中で不足がちの栄養分は鉄である。斯くて、本発明が所望する肥料とはキレート化された鉄分である。そのキレート化された鉄分とは、リグニン酸サルフォネート（lignin acid sulfonate）を含むものである。 Some nutrients exist only at a certain low concentration because phytoplankton growth is limited to a considerable extent due to the low level of nutrients in the water. Therefore, the proper correction amount required by such a low nutrient zone is of course consistent with the amount required to increase the nutrient concentration in the photic zone where the sun rays reach. This is because the growth of phytoplankton blooms in the photic zone, where the sunlight reaches, is eliminated by a considerable amount of nutrient concentration. In many cases, the nutrient that tends to be deficient in the sea is iron. Thus, the fertilizer desired by the present invention is chelated iron. The chelated iron content includes lignin acid sulfonate.
滲透係数（diffusion rate）は海洋中で変化するものである。然し本発明の実施は、望ましくは、魚群がおびき寄せられて対象のパッチを散乱される以前に、それ程急激には混り合ない海域で機先を制して済せておくべきであろう。 The diffusion rate varies in the ocean. However, the practice of the present invention should preferably be controlled in a sea area that is not so crowded before the school of fish is attracted and the target patch is scattered.
やがて紛失するであろう、微量栄養素の適量は植物プランクトンの成育を促すものである故に、本質的には海水中に於いて、多量栄養素よりも余計にあるべきであり、それは通常硝酸塩、燐酸塩、そして珪酸塩である。 The proper amount of micronutrients that will be lost over time should be more in the seawater than macronutrients because it promotes the growth of phytoplankton, usually nitrates, phosphates , And silicate.
パッチ領域内の単位体積当りの海域に集合して来る魚群の数量は、当然最も適正なパッチの大きさを決定するための因子として利用されている。若しパッチが適正サイズより大きければ、単位体積当りの見返り（水あげ）が減少することになり、仮に小さ過ぎても魚群を採算的に有利に捕獲出来る以前に、魚群の混在や相互の摩擦によりパッチを台無しにしてしまうであろう。 The quantity of the school of fish that gathers in the sea area per unit volume within the patch area is naturally used as a factor for determining the most appropriate patch size. If the patch is larger than the appropriate size, the return per unit volume (water raising) will be reduced, and if it is too small, the fish mix and mutual friction before the fish can be captured profitably. Will ruin the patch.
肥料を投与したパッチの環境上の効能も注目され始めている。キレート化された鉄分肥料は、人間のダイエット食品の素材として活用されると共に、陸上のガーデニング用鉄分肥料としても重宝されて来た。植物プランクトンはキレート化合物を海水中に分泌するので、その結果、プラントの生長に必要なクロロフィルを生成し、必要な鉄分を海水中に補充し続けるのである。キレート化された鉄分は、海水中で約４０日間寿命を保持するので、パッチを改修する必要はない。その代り新しいパッチを新海域に設営する要が生ずる。 The environmental benefits of patches to which fertilizer has been administered are also beginning to attract attention. Chelated iron fertilizers have been used not only as raw materials for human diet foods but also as a fertilizer for land gardening. Phytoplankton secretes chelate compounds into seawater, resulting in the production of chlorophyll necessary for plant growth and the replenishment of necessary iron into seawater. The chelated iron retains a life of about 40 days in seawater, so there is no need to modify the patch. Instead, new patches need to be set up in the new area.
海洋の表面に肥料を散布して、植物プランクトンの豊饒な海域を醸成し、そこに効率的なＦＡＤパッチを設営すれば、魚群密度が平常の約２０倍もの海域を具現できる。漁師達は何処にパッチが設置されているか予め承知している筈である。というのは、彼等は自分でそれを配置しているから当然であろう。彼等は魚群の探知を最低限の投資で済そうとしている訳で、いわば必然の帰結である。これにより魚獲に要するコストはこれ迄の約２／３。凡そ＄０．４０に（大洋魚業の平均である約＄０．６０／ｌｂから比較して）低減することが出来るのである。 If fertilizer is sprayed on the surface of the ocean to create a fertile area of phytoplankton, and an efficient FAD patch is set up there, it is possible to realize an ocean area that is about 20 times the density of fish school. Fishermen should know in advance where the patches are installed. This is natural because they have placed it on their own. They are trying to find a school of fish with a minimum investment, which is a necessary consequence. As a result, the cost of catching fish is about 2/3 that of the past. It can be reduced to about $ 0.40 (compared to about $ 0.60 / lb which is the average of the ocean fishery).
パッチの最も適正なサイズと位置どりは、その海域の条件にもよるが、通常２５〜１２５平方マイルの間に収まるよう計画している。海洋中の水の滲透現象として、３０平方マイルのパッチでは先ず中心部で鉄分濃度の減少が始まり、それが続いて約１０日間で当初濃度の約２０％に迄下り、更に又約４０日で約１１％に迄、低減を続ける。酸素を圧入した海水によるラボテストの示す所では、溶解していた鉄分が約７．５ナノメーター（７．５×１０-9モル／リッター）から始って約３ナノメーター（３×１０-9モル／リッター）に至る迄約４０日間を要しながら低減する。そしてその原因は主としてキレート化合物（この場合はリグニン酸スルフォネート）の分解に依るものである。他のキレート化合物として、例えばエチレン、ジアミン、四酢酸（ＥＤＴＡ）が使用されることもある。 The most appropriate size and location of the patch is usually planned to be between 25 and 125 square miles, depending on the sea conditions. As a seepage phenomenon in the ocean, the 30 square mile patch first begins to decrease in iron concentration in the center, followed by about 10 days down to about 20% of the original concentration, and again in about 40 days. Continue to reduce to about 11%. Lab tests with seawater injected with oxygen show that the dissolved iron content starts at about 7.5 nanometers (7.5 × 10 -9 mol / liter) and is about 3 nanometers (3 × 10 -9 It takes about 40 days to reach (mol / liter). The cause is mainly due to the decomposition of the chelate compound (in this case, lignic acid sulfonate). As other chelate compounds, for example, ethylene, diamine, tetraacetic acid (EDTA) may be used.
ＦＡＤパッチの海洋域での実行例としてガラバゴス群島の西、通称、南赤道潮流中の海域で展開された実験がある。他には、植物性プランクトンの群生を期待して積極的な実験を試みた例としては、：南極大陸の沖、南氷洋（Southern Ocean）、やアリューシャン列島の南部の太平洋北西部、そしてメキシコ湾内といった数ヶ所に実績がある。これ等の海域が選定されるための要因として、多量栄養素の濃度が充分かどうか、鉄分のような微量栄養素を添加しながらプランクトンの群生を維持するに適当かどうかをチェックするといった、いわば大洋化学一連の技術概念の展開が必要である。つまり、これ等の海域の潮流が、充分な滲透力を持つと決断するためには、上記の測定が不可欠で、栄養素の適正濃度として、好ましくは約４０日間にわたるパッチの寿命と見合うことを確認しなければならない。遠洋魚業であれ、回游魚群の捕獲であれ、魚群の密度として、陸地からの距離が通常である限り、ＦＡＤパッチを企画投資しても適当な見返りを得られるとの予測が得られなければならない。螺旋状又は平面状のパッチが、浮游するセンターブイの回りの海水中に据えつけられる。そのブイの内側及び外側の海水は、必ず頻繁にサンプリングされ、魚群密度と共に確認されていなければならない。このサンプリングは毎日実施する要あり、海水への肥料投入や魚獲作業よりも長期間、望ましくは約４０日間にわたり実行したい。 An example of FAD patch implementation in the ocean is an experiment developed in the ocean west of the Galavagos archipelago, commonly known as the South Equatorial Tidal Current. Other examples of aggressive experiments in anticipation of phytoplankton communities include: offshore Antarctica, Southern Ocean, northwestern Pacific Ocean in the southern part of the Aleutian Islands, and in the Gulf of Mexico. There are achievements in several places. The factors for selecting these marine areas are so-called Taiyo Chemical, such as checking whether the concentration of macronutrients is sufficient, and whether it is appropriate to maintain the plankton community while adding micronutrients such as iron. A series of technical concepts needs to be developed. In other words, the above measurements are indispensable to determine that these tidal currents have sufficient penetrating power, confirming that the appropriate nutrient concentration is commensurate with the patch life, preferably about 40 days. Must. Whether it is the pelagic fish industry or the capture of reef fish schools, as long as the distance from the land is normal as a density of fish schools, it is necessary to predict that an appropriate return will be obtained even if the FAD patch is planned and invested. I must. A spiral or planar patch is installed in the seawater around the floating center buoy. The seawater inside and outside the buoy must be sampled frequently and confirmed with the school density. This sampling needs to be carried out every day, and it is desired to carry out for a longer period of time, preferably about 40 days, than fertilizer input and fish catching work.
海水表面中及び変温層（thermo cline）下の両方に於ける魚群密度の頻繁なチェックは、漁労事業にかける投資効果を最高に持上る上で、絶対に必要である。魚群の集中度の推移は、当初の１０〜１５間にあっては徐々に日毎に増加し、その後ピークに達して、最後は植物プランクトン集積区（bloom）の消失に伴い、急激に落下するといった軌跡を辿るように推定されるのである。 Frequent checks of fish school density, both in the surface of the seawater and under the thermocline, are absolutely necessary to maximize the return on investment in the fishing industry. The change in the concentration of the school of fish gradually increases from day to day between 10 and 15, and then reaches a peak. It is estimated to follow.
パッチに舞込んで来る魚群を効率よく捕獲するためには、かねて用意してある漁労装備（fishing vessels）の類を稼動させるタイミングが重要で、上記魚群密度が上昇を始めた時点で魚獲作業をスタートさせるのがベストである。ギアの類や魚獲戦略、実際の捕獲作業等は、海洋の状況や魚群の種類によりかなり変更させる。魚獲量が減少して来た場合には、パッチの中に残っている魚獲には見切りをつけ、水域を更えて新しいパッチを用いながら別作業に移ることになろう。例えば、鮪のような回游魚の場合、アンチョビー（anchovetta）（鰯科の小魚）とか、それに類する網中飼畜の可能な魚類によりパッチ中で更に肥大化させれば、最高利益をあげることが出来よう。 In order to efficiently catch the school of fish that comes into the patch, it is important to operate the fishing vessels that have been prepared for a long time. It is best to start. Gears, fishing strategies, and actual capture operations will vary considerably depending on marine conditions and fish species. If fish catches have declined, we will give up on catches left in the patches and move on to other tasks with new water patches. For example, in the case of reed fish such as cormorants, the highest profit can be achieved by further enlarging in the patch with anchovetta (small fishes of the family) or similar fish that can be kept in the net. I can do it.
栄養分の乏しい海洋にキレート化された鉄分を投入すれば、鉄分濃度が増加して約０．１ナノメーター（１ｌ当り０．１×１０-9モルの鉄分）から約４ナノメーターの鉄分（４×１０-9モル／ｌ）〜６ナノメーター（６×１０-9モル／ｌ）の範囲に迄、増加して来るに違いない。これは１０平方マイルの水域当り約１トンのキレート化した鉄分肥料と、或いは３０平方マイルのパッチ容積当り約３トンの同じ肥料を、約９０フィートの深さの変温層（thermo cline）に於いて所要することになる。 If chelated iron is introduced into a nutrient-deficient ocean, the iron concentration increases and increases from about 0.1 nanometer (0.1 × 10 −9 moles of iron per liter) to about 4 nanometers of iron (4 It must increase to the range of x10-9 mol / l) to 6 nanometers ( 6x10-9 mol / l). This is about 1 ton of chelated iron fertilizer per 10 square miles of water, or about 3 tons of the same fertilizer per 30 square miles of patch volume in a thermo cline about 90 feet deep. Will be required.
今回の魚獲量を増加させる技術は、魚獲に要する単位投資額当り（労務、魚の処理経費等）で検討した場合、大洋中からの魚獲量（総水あげ量）を決して増やしていないのである。大洋中からの水あげを継続的に増加させるためには、米国特許番号5,433,173, 5,535,701, 5,967,087及び6,408,729を充さなければならず、これ等をも参考にしながら、相互の協調が必要となるであろう。 The technology to increase fish catch this time has never increased the fish catch from the ocean (total water raising amount) when considering the unit investment required for fish catch (labor, fish processing expenses, etc.). It is. In order to continuously increase the amount of water from the ocean, U.S. Patent Nos. 5,433,173, 5,535,701, 5,967,087 and 6,408,729 must be met, and mutual cooperation is necessary while referring to these as well. I will.
本発明のバリエーションは、この分野の専門家により想到でき、且つ本発明は請求項によってのみ規定される。 Variations of the invention can be conceived by experts in this field and the invention is defined only by the claims.
Claims (11)
（１）大洋表面の領域をテストして、各多量栄養素（macronutrient）が、植物プランクトンの生産が可能な第1の設定レベルにあることを確認する工程と、
（２）大洋表面の領域をテストして、第１の微量栄養素（micronutrient）が、植物プランクトンの生産を制限する第２の設定レベルで存在することを確認する工程と、
（３）大洋表面の領域をテストして、滲透度（rate of diffusion）が植物プランクトンのパッチ（patch）の生産を可能な第３の所定のレベルであることを確認する工程と、
（４）上記第1の微量栄養素を備えた肥料を施して、大洋表面の領域において植物プランクトンのパッチを作る工程と、
（５）このパッチの下側及び領域内で、魚を収穫する工程と、
を具備した方法。 A method to increase fish catch in the ocean,
(1) testing the ocean surface area to confirm that each macronutrient is at a first set level at which phytoplankton can be produced;
(2) testing a region of the ocean surface to confirm that the first micronutrient is present at a second set level that limits phytoplankton production;
(3) testing the ocean surface area to confirm that the rate of diffusion is a third predetermined level capable of producing phytoplankton patches;
(4) applying a fertilizer comprising the first micronutrient to produce a phytoplankton patch in the ocean surface area;
(5) harvesting fish under and within the patch; and
A method comprising:
（１）大洋表面の領域をテストして、各多量栄養素（macronutrient）が、植物プランクトンの生産が可能な第1の設定レベルにあることを確認する工程と、
（２）大洋表面の領域をテストして、第１の微量栄養素（first micronutrient）が、植物プランクトンの生産を制限する第２の設定レベルで存在することを確認する工程と、
（３）大洋表面の領域をテストして、滲透度（rate of diffusion）が植物プランクトンのパッチ（patch）の生産を可能な第３の所定のレベルであることを確認する工程と、
（４）大要表面の領域をサンプリングして、魚の濃度を決定する工程と、
（５）上記第1の微量栄養素を備えた肥料を施して、大洋表面の領域において植物プランクトンのパッチを作る工程と、
（６）このパッチの下側及び領域内で、魚を収穫する工程と、
を具備した方法。 A method to increase fish catch in the ocean,
(1) testing the ocean surface area to confirm that each macronutrient is at a first set level at which phytoplankton can be produced;
(2) testing a region of the ocean surface to confirm that a first micronutrient is present at a second set level that limits phytoplankton production;
(3) testing the ocean surface area to confirm that the rate of diffusion is a third predetermined level capable of producing phytoplankton patches;
(4) sampling the surface area of the main surface and determining the concentration of the fish;
(5) applying a fertilizer comprising the first micronutrient to produce a phytoplankton patch in the ocean surface area;
(6) harvesting fish under and within the patch;
A method comprising:
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US42682002P | 2002-11-18 | 2002-11-18 | |
| PCT/US2003/032745 WO2004045274A2 (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2003-11-07 | Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| JP2006506090A true JP2006506090A (en) | 2006-02-23 |
Family
ID=32326432
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2004553447A Pending JP2006506090A (en) | 2002-11-18 | 2003-11-07 | How to increase catch in the ocean |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1562418A4 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2006506090A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20050086721A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1728943A (en) |
| AR (1) | AR041928A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003287098A1 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR0316377A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2506560A1 (en) |
| EC (1) | ECSP055845A (en) |
| IS (1) | IS7855A (en) |
| MX (1) | MXPA05005175A (en) |
| NO (1) | NO323940B1 (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ540299A (en) |
| PE (1) | PE20040542A1 (en) |
| RU (1) | RU2333639C2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004045274A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA200504887B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| NO337512B1 (en) * | 2014-01-21 | 2016-05-02 | Sea Soul As | Methods and facilities for catching fish |
| CN113068663B (en) * | 2021-03-19 | 2022-03-29 | 中国科学院水生生物研究所 | Floating ground cage for trapping shallow fishes |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5535701A (en) * | 1994-04-28 | 1996-07-16 | Markels, Jr.; Michael | Method of increasing seafood production in the ocean |
| US6269582B1 (en) * | 1996-05-28 | 2001-08-07 | Michael A. Feld | Artificial weed line |
| US5967087A (en) * | 1996-12-17 | 1999-10-19 | Markels, Jr.; Michael | Method of increasing seafood production in the barren ocean |
| US6200530B1 (en) * | 2000-03-09 | 2001-03-13 | Michael Markels, Jr. | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide with spiral fertilization |
| US6056919A (en) * | 1999-05-04 | 2000-05-02 | Markels, Jr.; Michael | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide |
-
2003
- 2003-11-07 KR KR1020057008934A patent/KR20050086721A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2003-11-07 NZ NZ540299A patent/NZ540299A/en unknown
- 2003-11-07 AU AU2003287098A patent/AU2003287098A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-07 CN CNA2003801034999A patent/CN1728943A/en active Pending
- 2003-11-07 EP EP03777622A patent/EP1562418A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-07 RU RU2005119175/13A patent/RU2333639C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-11-07 BR BR0316377-6A patent/BR0316377A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-11-07 CA CA002506560A patent/CA2506560A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-11-07 MX MXPA05005175A patent/MXPA05005175A/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-11-07 WO PCT/US2003/032745 patent/WO2004045274A2/en active Application Filing
- 2003-11-07 JP JP2004553447A patent/JP2006506090A/en active Pending
- 2003-11-10 AR ARP030104131A patent/AR041928A1/en unknown
- 2003-11-14 PE PE2003001155A patent/PE20040542A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
-
2005
- 2005-05-23 IS IS7855A patent/IS7855A/en unknown
- 2005-06-09 EC EC2005005845A patent/ECSP055845A/en unknown
- 2005-06-15 ZA ZA200504887A patent/ZA200504887B/en unknown
- 2005-06-16 NO NO20052947A patent/NO323940B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| RU2333639C2 (en) | 2008-09-20 |
| RU2005119175A (en) | 2006-01-20 |
| ECSP055845A (en) | 2005-09-20 |
| ZA200504887B (en) | 2006-04-26 |
| CA2506560A1 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| AU2003287098A1 (en) | 2004-06-15 |
| WO2004045274A2 (en) | 2004-06-03 |
| NO323940B1 (en) | 2007-07-23 |
| CN1728943A (en) | 2006-02-01 |
| EP1562418A4 (en) | 2008-05-28 |
| WO2004045274A3 (en) | 2005-05-06 |
| AR041928A1 (en) | 2005-06-01 |
| NO20052947L (en) | 2005-08-18 |
| IS7855A (en) | 2005-05-23 |
| KR20050086721A (en) | 2005-08-30 |
| PE20040542A1 (en) | 2004-08-28 |
| EP1562418A2 (en) | 2005-08-17 |
| BR0316377A (en) | 2005-10-04 |
| NZ540299A (en) | 2008-04-30 |
| NO20052947D0 (en) | 2005-06-16 |
| MXPA05005175A (en) | 2005-07-22 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| Haines | Interactions between Georgia salt marshes and coastal waters: a changing paradigm | |
| US6056919A (en) | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide | |
| Robertson et al. | Mangroves as filters of shrimp pond effluent: predictions and biogeochemical research needs | |
| US6200530B1 (en) | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide with spiral fertilization | |
| Hobday et al. | Impacts of climate change on Australian marine life | |
| CN1105493C (en) | Method of increasing seafood prodn. in barren ocean | |
| Nessim et al. | Chemistry of the Egyptian Mediterranean coastal waters | |
| US11330775B2 (en) | Method for the sequestration of carbon dioxide using plant biomass and associated use | |
| US6729063B1 (en) | Method of increasing the fish catch in the ocean | |
| Bardach | Global warming and the coastal zone | |
| JP2006506090A (en) | How to increase catch in the ocean | |
| AU761848B2 (en) | Method of sequestering carbon dioxide | |
| DeFries | Effects of land-use history on sedimentation in the Potomac Estuary, Maryland | |
| Weaver et al. | 7.3 SOIL FACTORS INFLUENCING EUTROPHICATION | |
| Coche et al. | Simple methods for aquaculture: management for freshwater fish culture ponds and water practices | |
| Mosley et al. | Monosulfidic Black Ooze (MBO) formation, cycling and management in the Coorong | |
| Ono et al. | Aboveground litter production, accumulation, decomposi-tion, and tidal transportation of coral reef-type mangrove forest on Pohnpei Island, Federated States of Micronesia | |
| Lanjouw | Ocean Afforestation's effect on deep-sea biogeochemistry | |
| Damora et al. | Optimization of FADs-based tuna fishing in the Fishing Port of Pondokdadap, East Java, Indonesia | |
| Raghu Prasad | Fishes and their environment | |
| Desmond et al. | Biomass across space and tide: architecture of a kelp bed with implications for the abiotic environment | |
| Bardach et al. | ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTIONS OF ENVIRONMENTAL USES OF THE OCEANS: AQUACULTURE, ENERGY, POLLUTION, AND OCEAN MINERALS | |
| Hickey et al. | Coastal oceanography of Washington and Oregon: a summary and a prospectus for future studies |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| A621 | Written request for application examination |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A621 Effective date: 20061024 |
|
| A131 | Notification of reasons for refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131 Effective date: 20090818 |
|
| A02 | Decision of refusal |
Free format text: JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02 Effective date: 20100202 |