JP2006502024A - 促進剤のないラテックス由来の薄い壁のゴム加硫物 - Google Patents
促進剤のないラテックス由来の薄い壁のゴム加硫物 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP2006502024A JP2006502024A JP2004543028A JP2004543028A JP2006502024A JP 2006502024 A JP2006502024 A JP 2006502024A JP 2004543028 A JP2004543028 A JP 2004543028A JP 2004543028 A JP2004543028 A JP 2004543028A JP 2006502024 A JP2006502024 A JP 2006502024A
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- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- sulfur
- latex
- rubber
- carbon
- peroxide
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 75
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 56
- 238000004073 vulcanization Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 35
- 229920003211 cis-1,4-polyisoprene Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 28
- 239000011203 carbon fibre reinforced carbon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon carbon Chemical compound C.C CREMABGTGYGIQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 17
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 15
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 244000043261 Hevea brasiliensis Species 0.000 abstract description 32
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
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- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 11
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- LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 20:1omega9c fatty acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O LQJBNNIYVWPHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 9-Heptadecensaeure Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(O)=O QSBYPNXLFMSGKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical class CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 4
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- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 4
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- YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzothiazole-2-thiol Chemical class C1=CC=C2SC(S)=NC2=C1 YXIWHUQXZSMYRE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Octanol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCO KBPLFHHGFOOTCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,5-bis(tert-butylperoxy)-2,5-dimethylhexane Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)CCC(C)(C)OOC(C)(C)C DMWVYCCGCQPJEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-phenyl amine Natural products NC1=CC=CC=C1 PAYRUJLWNCNPSJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C(=O)OCC(CC)(COC(=O)C(C)=C)COC(=O)C(C)=C OKKRPWIIYQTPQF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N linalool Chemical compound CC(C)=CCCC(C)(O)C=C CDOSHBSSFJOMGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Hexane Chemical compound CCCCCC VLKZOEOYAKHREP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen oxide Inorganic materials O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
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- ZKXDGKXYMTYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-nitrosomorpholine Chemical compound O=NN1CCOCC1 ZKXDGKXYMTYWTB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000419 toxicity Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000001988 toxicity Effects 0.000 description 1
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000001721 transfer moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003809 water extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- PIMBTRGLTHJJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical group [Zn+2].CC(=C)C([O-])=O.CC(=C)C([O-])=O PIMBTRGLTHJJRV-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MECFLMNXIXDIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L zinc;dibutoxy-sulfanylidene-sulfido-$l^{5}-phosphane Chemical compound [Zn+2].CCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCC.CCCCOP([S-])(=S)OCCCC MECFLMNXIXDIOF-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L ziram Chemical compound [Zn+2].CN(C)C([S-])=S.CN(C)C([S-])=S DUBNHZYBDBBJHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
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- C08J5/02—Direct processing of dispersions, e.g. latex, to articles
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- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61B42/00—Surgical gloves; Finger-stalls specially adapted for surgery; Devices for handling or treatment thereof
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C41/00—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor
- B29C41/02—Shaping by coating a mould, core or other substrate, i.e. by depositing material and stripping-off the shaped article; Apparatus therefor for making articles of definite length, i.e. discrete articles
- B29C41/14—Dipping a core
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0058—Liquid or visquous
- B29K2105/0064—Latex, emulsion or dispersion
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/24—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped crosslinked or vulcanised
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2307/00—Characterised by the use of natural rubber
- C08J2307/02—Latex
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/13—Hollow or container type article [e.g., tube, vase, etc.]
- Y10T428/1352—Polymer or resin containing [i.e., natural or synthetic]
- Y10T428/1386—Natural or synthetic rubber or rubber-like compound containing
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、薄い壁のゴムの物品の分野に属し、特にラテックスから作られ、炭素−硫黄および炭素−炭素架橋結合の両方を生成するように加硫された物品である。本発明の目的は、高い引張強さ、高い極限伸び、および低い引っ張り係数を含む好ましい張力特性を有する薄い壁のゴムの物品を提供すること、ならびに硫黄加硫されたゴムの製造で一般に使用されるいくらかの化学物質が原因であるアレルギー反応または健康上の懸念を引き起こさないで提供することである。
天然および合成ゴムが、薄い壁の医療用具および身の回り品の構成物質として広く使用されている。これらの物質から作られた物品の例は、外科および検査手袋、指サック、カテーテルバルーン並びにカフス、子宮熱アブレーションバルーン、コンドーム、避妊用ペッサリー、留置導尿用カテーテル、男性の外部の導尿用カテーテル、ブリーザバッグ、外科用チュービング、乳児用のおしゃぶり、哺乳瓶ニップル、薬剤注入ブラダーである。使用中にこれらの用具に課された機械的ストレスのために、これらの用具の壁は、低い500%引っ張り係数で合成された高い引張強さを有さなければならない。ゴムは、構造の完全性を達成するために任意の様々な方法で加硫されるが、加硫が硫黄の使用によって、すなわち、炭素−硫黄結合でのポリマー鎖の架橋によって達成される場合、高い引張強さおよび低い引っ張り係数は最も容易に達成される。
2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、ビス(2,2’−メルカプトベンゾチアゾリル)ジスルフィドおよび亜鉛2−メルカプトベンゾチアゾールのような、メルカプトベンゾチアゾール、
N−tert−ブチル−2−ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド、N−シクロヘキシル−2−ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド、N−オキシジエチレン−2−ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミド、および4−モルホリノ−2−ベンゾチアゾールスルフェンアミドのような、スルフェンアミド、
ビスマスジメチルジチオカルバメート、カドミウムジエチルジチオカルバメート、銅ジメチルジチオカルバメート、亜鉛ジメチルジチオカルバメート、および別の金属ジアルキルジチオカルバメート、並びにピペリジニウムペンタメチレンジチオカルバメートのような、ジチオカルバメート、
ジペンタメチレンチウラムジスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムヘキサスルフィド、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラベンジルチウラムジスルフィド、およびテトラ−n−ブチルチウラムジスルフィドのような、チウラム、
ジフェニルグアニジンおよびジ−オルト−トリルグアニジンのような、グアニジン、
ジフェニルチオ尿素、エチレンチオ尿素、およびトリメチルチオ尿素のような、チオ尿素、
ジブチルキサントゲンジスルフィド、および亜鉛ジ−イソ−プロピルキサンテートのような、キサンテート、ならびに
銅O,O−ジ−イソ−プロピルホスホロジチオエートおよび亜鉛O,O−ジ−n−ブチルホスホロジチオエートのような、ジチオホスフェート。
薄い壁のゴムの物品が、極めて好ましい引張特性を示し、さらにニトロソアミン形成またはIV型アレルギー反応のいずれかを生成する成分を含まないように形成され得ることが、たった今発見されている。これらの物品は、第2級アミン基を含む任意の反応性種をラテックスに包含せずに、炭素−硫黄架橋および炭素−炭素架橋の両方を形成するために水性ラテックスを加硫することによって形成される。先行技術で通常使用される第2級アミンを含む反応性種は、硫黄加硫促進剤である。硫黄および第2級アミン基の両方を含む特定の薬剤は、どちらかが硫黄加硫薬剤自体として、または硫黄加硫薬剤および硫黄促進剤の両方として役立ち、その上これらは本発明において排除される。これらの薬剤の例は、4,4’−ジチオジモルホリン、2−(4−モルホリニルジチオ)ベンゾチアゾール、テトラメチルチウラムジスルフィド、テトラエチルチウラムジスルフィド、ジペンタメチレンチウラムヘキサスルフィド、およびN,N’−カプロラクタムジスルフィドである。本発明の好ましい実施形態において、ラテックスは硫黄促進剤を全く含まず、また第2級アミン基を含む任意の別の反応性種も含まない。本明細書で使用される「反応性種」という用語は、加硫段階または任意の処理工程の間、不活性でない種について言及しており、「第2級アミン基」という用語は、上記定義に従って使用される。炭素−硫黄架橋は、硫黄を含む加硫薬剤によって形成され、元素状態で存在する硫黄自体が好まれ、炭素−炭素架橋は、炭素−炭素結合を形成する任意の加硫方法によって形成され、過酸化物が好ましい加硫剤である。好ましい引張特性は、高い極限パーセント伸び、低い引っ張り係数(例えば、低い500%引っ張り係数)、高い引裂強さ、および高い引張強さを含む。さらに、利点がゴム成分として合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンを使用することによって獲得されるが、本発明は全体として合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンおよび天然ゴムの両方を与える。
理論によって束縛されることを意図しないが、発明者らは本明細書中において、本発明の方法で形成された架橋は、炭素−炭素架橋、モノ硫化物炭素架橋(C−S−C)、およびポリ硫化物炭素架橋(C−Sn−C)を含み、モノ硫化物炭素架橋およびポリ硫化物炭素架橋は、本明細書中に「炭素−硫黄架橋」として集合的に言及されていると、考えている。
(a)天然ゴムラテックスまたは合成ゴムラテックスのいずれかを、加硫剤、およびおそらく補強剤、安定剤、顔料のような添加剤、あるいは2以上のそのような添加剤と混合する。
この実施例は、合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンの水性ラテックスについての組み合わされた硫黄および過酸化物硬化システムの使用ならびに硫黄促進剤の欠如を例示する。
約60%固体、Kraton Polymersの製品番号IR−RP401、を含む合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンラテックスを使用した。
円筒型のガラス成形具を凝固剤溶液の中に浸漬し、5秒間とどまらせ、次いで引き出して風乾させた。成形具を次いで、5秒間混合されたラテックスの中に浸し、次いでゆっくり引き出した。成形具を次いで、60分間、60℃で、ホットエア炉中で乾燥した。いったん乾燥されると、成形具およびその接着性の膜を、177℃で9分間、融解塩浴中に浸した。結果として生じた膜を次いで、塩浴から取り除き、すすぎ、むいて、引張試験のために準備した。各処方物について3つの膜を調製して、引張試験のための3つの別々の試験片を得た。
標準的なコンドームリング引張試験片を調製し、ASTM規格D3492に従って試験した。各々の一連の3つのテストからの引張値の中央値を、表1に記載する。
この実施例はさらに、合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンの水性ラテックスについて、硫黄促進剤または過酸化物共薬剤のいずれも使用せずに、単独および組み合わせの両方、ならびに種々の量で、硫黄および過酸化物硬化システムを検討する。その目的は、実施例1において観測された引張特性における改良に対するこれらの変動の効果を調べることであった。
この実施例は、天然ゴムラテックスに適用されるような本発明の工程を例示する。
比較のために、この例は、硫黄ではなく過酸化物で加硫された一連のラテックス処方物での試験結果を示す。過酸化物共薬剤を用いたものと用いていないものの両方の処方物を試験し、共薬剤に対する過酸化物の異なる割合、ならびに過酸化物および共薬剤の異なる総量も試験した。
さらなる比較のために、この例は、硫黄ではなく過酸化物で加硫されたさらなる一連のラテックス処方物での試験結果を示す。これらの処方物は、2phrシリカ(例4のような1phrではなく)およびSBRゴムラテックス、さらに界面活性剤、および実施例1の酸化防止剤の形でさらなる補強試薬を含むことによって例4のものとは異なった。例4のように、過酸化物共薬剤(Sartomer231)を用いたものと用いてないものの両方の処方物を試験し、共薬剤に対する異なる割合の過酸化物、ならびに過酸化物および共薬剤の異なる総量も試験した。
Claims (10)
- 薄い壁のゴムの物品を形成するための方法であって、該方法が以下:
(a)加硫可能なゴム、硫黄を含む加硫剤、炭素−炭素架橋を形成する架橋剤、および水を含む水性ラテックスを形成する工程であって、該ラテックスが第2級アミン基を含む加硫促進剤を欠いている、工程;および
(b)該薄い壁のゴムの物品の中に該水性ラテックスを以下の(i)〜(iii)の工程:
(i)膜の中に該水性ラテックスを形成する工程、
(ii)該膜から水をエバポレーションする工程、および
(iii)工程(i)、工程(i)と(ii)との間、工程(ii)の後、または工程(i)の前および工程(ii)の後のいずれかで該加硫可能なゴムを加硫条件に供する工程、
によって形成する工程、
を包含する、方法。 - 前記水性ラテックスが、第2級アミン基を含む全ての反応種を欠く、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水性ラテックスが、硫黄加硫促進剤を欠く請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記加硫可能なゴムが、タンパク質のない合成cis−1,4−ポリイソプレンである、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記硫黄を含む加硫剤が、元素状態で存在する硫黄であり、炭素−炭素架橋を形成する前記架橋剤が有機過酸化物である、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 工程(b)が、膜の中に前記水性ラテックスを形成する工程、該膜から水をエバポレーションする工程、該膜上に酸素バリアを形成する工程、および該膜から水をエバポレーションした後、該膜を加硫条件に供する工程、を包含する請求項1に記載の方法。
- 前記水性ラテックスが、二官能性のアクリル酸エステル、シリカ補強剤、および安定化させる量の酸化防止剤を含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によって形成された、外科用手袋。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によって形成された、コンドーム。
- 請求項1に記載の方法によって形成された、カテーテルバルーン。
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JP2015127421A (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2015-07-09 | アレジアンス、コーポレイション | 手袋コーティングおよび製造方法 |
JP2017165978A (ja) * | 2007-02-08 | 2017-09-21 | アレジアンス、コーポレイション | 手袋コーティングおよび製造方法 |
US10517338B2 (en) | 2007-02-08 | 2019-12-31 | Allegiance Corporation | Glove coating and manufacturing process |
US10752798B2 (en) | 2007-06-11 | 2020-08-25 | Allegiance Corporation | Antistatic gloves and process for making same |
US10752738B2 (en) | 2008-03-14 | 2020-08-25 | Allegiance Corporation | Water-based resin composition and articles made therefrom |
JP2011519606A (ja) * | 2008-05-01 | 2011-07-14 | アンセル・ヘルスケア・プロダクツ・エルエルシー | 改善された粒子内及び粒子間の架橋を有する浸漬成形合成ポリイソプレンラテックス物品 |
JP2013517996A (ja) * | 2010-01-22 | 2013-05-20 | アレジアンス、コーポレイション | 弾性物品を包装および殺菌する方法、並びにこれにより作製された包装済弾性物品 |
WO2016088576A1 (ja) * | 2014-12-04 | 2016-06-09 | 日本ゼオン株式会社 | ディップ成形用合成ポリイソプレンラテックス、ディップ成形用組成物およびディップ成形体 |
JP2017095629A (ja) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-01 | 株式会社レヂテックス | 柔軟性を有する高強度合成ポリイソプレン架橋体とその製造方法 |
WO2023219063A1 (ja) * | 2022-05-09 | 2023-11-16 | ミドリ安全株式会社 | ディップ成形用組成物及び手袋、並びにディップ成形用組成物及び手袋の製造方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1549476A1 (en) | 2005-07-06 |
AU2003278990B2 (en) | 2008-03-20 |
ZA200502869B (en) | 2006-06-28 |
US20040071909A1 (en) | 2004-04-15 |
ATE553716T1 (de) | 2012-05-15 |
WO2004033177A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
JP4504813B2 (ja) | 2010-07-14 |
CN1713975A (zh) | 2005-12-28 |
EP1549476B1 (en) | 2012-04-18 |
MY140073A (en) | 2009-11-30 |
NO20052194D0 (no) | 2005-05-04 |
US7374711B2 (en) | 2008-05-20 |
CA2501154A1 (en) | 2004-04-22 |
NO20052194L (no) | 2005-07-11 |
CA2501154C (en) | 2011-02-15 |
AU2003278990A1 (en) | 2004-05-04 |
EP1549476A4 (en) | 2009-11-11 |
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