JP2006297490A - Method of controlling manipulator - Google Patents

Method of controlling manipulator Download PDF

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JP2006297490A
JP2006297490A JP2005117994A JP2005117994A JP2006297490A JP 2006297490 A JP2006297490 A JP 2006297490A JP 2005117994 A JP2005117994 A JP 2005117994A JP 2005117994 A JP2005117994 A JP 2005117994A JP 2006297490 A JP2006297490 A JP 2006297490A
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arm
hand
orientation
posture
manipulator
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Mayumi Umetsu
真弓 梅津
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Yaskawa Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method of controlling the position and posture of a gripped object by making the movements of an arm and a multi-finger hand cooperate with each other, and further to provide a method for operating the arm and the multi-finger hand by utilizing their degrees of freedom. <P>SOLUTION: In the method for controlling a manipulator such that an object body 15 is gripped by the manipulator composed of the arm 13 and the hand 14 having a plurality of articulation axes arranged on the tip end of the arm, and is moved in the palm of the hand 14, when the position and posture of the object body 15 are commanded, the arm 13 is controlled by calculating the position and posture of the arm 13 by a tool coordinate transformation matrix of the arm 13, and at the same time, the manipulator is controlled such that the position and posture of the object body 15 to be achieved by the position and posture of the arm 13 and the tool coordinate transformation becomes the same with the position and posture of the object body 15 in the hand coordinate by gripping and moving the object body 15 in the palm of the hand 14 by controlling the hand 14 based on the position and posture of the object body 15 in the hand coordinate system provided in the hand 14. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2007,JPO&INPIT

Description

本発明は、マニピュレータの制御方法に関し、特にアームと複数の関節軸を有する多指ハンドとから成るマニピュレータの制御方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for controlling a manipulator, and more particularly to a method for controlling a manipulator including an arm and a multi-finger hand having a plurality of joint axes.

従来、アームとアーム先端に取り付けられたハンドとから成るマニピュレータで物体を把持して作業を行う際の制御方法においては、把持を行うハンド部とアーム部とを別個に制御し、ハンド部で生じる位置誤差をアーム部で補正するという方法がとられていた(例えば、特許文献1、2参照)。   Conventionally, in a control method for gripping an object with a manipulator composed of an arm and a hand attached to the tip of the arm, the hand part to be gripped and the arm part are separately controlled and generated in the hand part. A method of correcting the position error by the arm unit has been taken (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 and 2).

特開2001−92523号公報第(第13頁、図2)JP 2001-92523 A (page 13, FIG. 2) 特開平6−175716号公報第(第6頁、図3)JP-A-6-175716 (page 6, FIG. 3)

ハンド部に多関節の多指ハンドを採用した場合、多関節のハンドの持つ自由度を使って位置姿勢を補正することも可能になる。しかしながら、従来の方法ではアームとハンドの動作を協調させることができず、把持物体の位置姿勢を制御できないという新たな問題も生じる。
本発明はこのような問題点に鑑みてなされたものであり、アームと多指ハンドの動作を協調させて把持物体の位置姿勢を制御すると同時に、アームと多指ハンドの自由度を活用して動作させる方法を提供することを目的とする。
When an articulated multi-fingered hand is adopted as the hand unit, the position and orientation can be corrected using the degree of freedom of the articulated hand. However, the conventional method cannot coordinate the movements of the arm and the hand, and there is a new problem that the position and orientation of the grasped object cannot be controlled.
The present invention has been made in view of such problems, and controls the position and orientation of a grasped object by coordinating the operation of an arm and a multi-fingered hand, and at the same time, utilizes the degree of freedom of the arm and the multi-fingered hand. An object is to provide a method of operating.

上記問題を解決するため、本発明は次のようにしたのである。
アームと、該アーム先端に装着された複数の関節軸を有するハンドから成るマニピュレータにて対象物体を把持し、前記ハンドの掌部にて動作させるマニピュレータの制御方法において、前記対象物体の位置姿勢が指令されると、前記アームのツール座標変換行列によって前記アームの位置姿勢を算出して前記アームを制御すると同時に、前記ハンドに設けられたハンド座標系における前記対象物体の位置姿勢に基づいて前記ハンドを制御することで前記対象物体を把持および前記ハンドの掌部にて動作させ、前記アームの位置姿勢と前記ツール座標変換とによって得られる前記対象物体の位置姿勢と、前記ハンド座標系における前記対象物体の位置姿勢とが、同一の位置姿勢を指し示すよう制御することを特徴とする。
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is as follows.
In a manipulator control method in which a target object is gripped by a manipulator including an arm and a hand having a plurality of joint axes attached to the tip of the arm and operated by the palm of the hand, the position and orientation of the target object is When instructed, the arm position and orientation are calculated by the tool coordinate transformation matrix of the arm to control the arm, and at the same time, based on the position and orientation of the target object in the hand coordinate system provided in the hand The target object is gripped and operated by the palm of the hand, and the position and orientation of the target object obtained by the position and orientation of the arm and the tool coordinate conversion, and the target in the hand coordinate system Control is performed so that the position and orientation of the object indicate the same position and orientation.

本発明によると、アームまたは多指ハンドの一方が位置姿勢を変えても、他方が協調して動作し、把持物体の位置姿勢を一定に保つことができる。   According to the present invention, even if one of the arm or the multi-fingered hand changes the position and orientation, the other operates in cooperation, and the position and orientation of the grasped object can be kept constant.

以下、本発明の方法の具体的実施例について、図に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, specific examples of the method of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図1は、本発明の方法を実施するマニピュレータの制御装置内の構成を模式的に示す制御ブロック図である。また、図2は本発明の方法を実施するマニピュレータの構成を示す概略図である。
図1において、1は多指ハンド制御部、2はアーム制御部であり、3は両者へ位置姿勢の指令を出力する指令生成部である。
図2において、Raはアーム13の先端部に設定された制御点の座標系、Rfは多指ハンド14の座標系、Roは把持物体15の座標系である。
通常、アームの制御点は図2のようにアーム先端部とする。また制御点の先にあるアーム先端にツールを取り付けて作業を行うことが多いため、制御点を原点とする座標系はツール座標系とも呼ばれる。
また、図2ではグローバル座標系をアーム13の据付部に設定している。
FIG. 1 is a control block diagram schematically showing a configuration in a control device of a manipulator that implements the method of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing the configuration of a manipulator that implements the method of the present invention.
In FIG. 1, 1 is a multi-finger hand control unit, 2 is an arm control unit, and 3 is a command generation unit that outputs position and orientation commands to both.
In FIG. 2, Ra is the coordinate system of the control point set at the tip of the arm 13, Rf is the coordinate system of the multi-finger hand 14, and Ro is the coordinate system of the grasped object 15.
Normally, the arm control point is the arm tip as shown in FIG. In many cases, a tool is attached to the tip of an arm ahead of the control point to perform the work, and therefore the coordinate system having the control point as the origin is also called a tool coordinate system.
In FIG. 2, the global coordinate system is set to the installation portion of the arm 13.

ハンド制御部1は、多指ハンド座標Rfから見た把持物体15の位置姿勢を示すT1を指令として指令生成部3から受け取り、把持制御部4にて、T1に従って物体を把持するように多指ハンドの各関節の角度指令5を生成し、多指ハンドの運動制御部部6にて多指ハンド14の各関節を動作させる。
アーム制御部2は、グローバル座標系から見たRaの位置姿勢を指令生成部3から指令として受け取り、運動学演算部7にて、アーム13の各関節の角度指令8を生成し、アームの運動制御部9でアーム13の各関節を動作させる。
以下では、多指ハンド14にて把持物体15を把持したまま、多指ハンド14の各関節を動作させてアーム先端部と多指ハンド14先端との間(掌部)にて把持物体15の位置姿勢を調整する例について述べる。
The hand control unit 1 receives T1 indicating the position and orientation of the grasped object 15 viewed from the multi-finger hand coordinates Rf as a command from the command generation unit 3, and the grasp control unit 4 uses the multi-finger so as to grasp the object according to T1. An angle command 5 for each joint of the hand is generated, and each joint of the multi-finger hand 14 is operated by the motion control unit 6 of the multi-finger hand.
The arm control unit 2 receives the position and orientation of Ra as viewed from the global coordinate system as a command from the command generation unit 3, and the kinematics calculation unit 7 generates an angle command 8 for each joint of the arm 13 to move the arm. Each joint of the arm 13 is operated by the control unit 9.
In the following, while holding the gripping object 15 with the multifingered hand 14, each joint of the multifingered hand 14 is operated to move the gripping object 15 between the arm tip and the tip of the multifingered hand 14 (palm part). An example of adjusting the position and orientation will be described.

指令生成部3には、グローバル座標系から見たRoの位置姿勢、Rfから見た把持物体15の位置姿勢を示すT1、およびRaから見た把持物体15の位置姿勢を示すT2が指令として入力され、Rfから見た把持物体の位置姿勢を示すT1と、グローバル座標系における Raの位置姿勢を、それぞれハンド制御部1、アーム制御部2に指令として送出する。図2を見れば明らかなように、T1とT2は独立でなく、次式の関係が成り立つように、T1が入力されるとT2が、T2が入力されるとT1が、それぞれ更新される。Thについては後述する。   The command generation unit 3 receives, as commands, the position and orientation of Ro as viewed from the global coordinate system, T1 indicating the position and orientation of the gripping object 15 as viewed from Rf, and T2 indicating the position and orientation of the gripping object 15 as viewed from Ra Then, T1 indicating the position and orientation of the grasped object viewed from Rf and the position and orientation of Ra in the global coordinate system are sent as commands to the hand control unit 1 and the arm control unit 2, respectively. As is apparent from FIG. 2, T1 and T2 are not independent, and T2 is updated when T1 is input, and T1 is updated when T2 is input, so that the relationship of the following equation holds. Th will be described later.

T2=Th・T1 ・・・ (1)        T2 = Th · T1 (1)

図2を用いてT1、T2、Th、Ro、Raについて説明する。
マニピュレータのアーム13の先端部には制御点に座標系 Raがあり、さらにその先端に多指ハンド14が設置され、多指ハンド座標系 Rfは、RaをThで座標変換した位置姿勢に設定されている。すなわち、ThはRfとRaとの関係を示す。
T1は多指ハンド座標系Rfから見た把持物体15の位置姿勢を示し、RfをT1で座標変換した結果が Roとなっている。ここで式(1)を適用すると、RaをT2で座標変換した結果が Roとなる。
なお、これらT1、T2、Th、Ra、Roはすべて、位置姿勢の座標変換を表す同次変換行列である。
これらの関係によって、Raの位置姿勢は、
T1, T2, Th, Ro, and Ra will be described with reference to FIG.
At the tip of the arm 13 of the manipulator, there is a coordinate system Ra at the control point, and a multi-finger hand 14 is installed at the tip of the arm. ing. That is, Th indicates the relationship between Rf and Ra.
T1 indicates the position and orientation of the grasped object 15 as viewed from the multi-finger hand coordinate system Rf, and the result of coordinate conversion of Rf by T1 is Ro. Here, when Expression (1) is applied, the result of coordinate transformation of Ra by T2 is Ro.
These T1, T2, Th, Ra, and Ro are all homogeneous transformation matrices representing the coordinate transformation of the position and orientation.
With these relationships, Ra's position and orientation are

Ra = inv(T2)・Ro ・・・ (2)        Ra = inv (T2) · Ro (2)

として求められる。ここで、invは逆変換を表す。 As required. Here, inv represents inverse transformation.

前述のように、制御装置内ではT1またはT2によって多指ハンド14またはアーム13の姿勢を指令する。
T1は多指ハンド14から見た把持物体15の位置姿勢を指令するときに使用し、T2はアーム13の位置姿勢を指令するときに使用する。T1を変更すると、式(1)に従って同時にT2が変更される。一方、T2を変更してアームの位置姿勢を変更すると、式(1)の逆変換を使用して同時にT1も変更される。
これにより多指ハンド14の把持の位置姿勢が変わる際には同時にアーム13が連動して動作し、また、アーム13の位置姿勢が変わる際には同時に多指ハンド14が連動して動作する。
従って、グローバル座標系から見た把持物体15の座標系Roの位置姿勢に対する指令を一定に保てば、把持物体15の位置姿勢を変えずに、多指ハンド14やアーム13の位置姿勢を調整することができる。
As described above, the posture of the multi-finger hand 14 or the arm 13 is commanded by T1 or T2 in the control device.
T1 is used when commanding the position and orientation of the grasped object 15 as viewed from the multi-fingered hand 14, and T2 is used when commanding the position and orientation of the arm 13. When T1 is changed, T2 is simultaneously changed according to the equation (1). On the other hand, when T2 is changed to change the position and orientation of the arm, T1 is also changed at the same time using the inverse transformation of equation (1).
As a result, when the position and orientation of gripping of the multi-finger hand 14 changes, the arm 13 operates in conjunction with it simultaneously. When the position and orientation of the arm 13 changes, the multi-finger hand 14 operates in conjunction with it.
Therefore, if the command for the position and orientation of the coordinate system Ro of the gripping object 15 as viewed from the global coordinate system is kept constant, the position and orientation of the multi-finger hand 14 and the arm 13 are adjusted without changing the position and orientation of the gripping object 15. can do.

本発明は、アームと多指ハンドを組み合わせたマニピュレータの冗長自由度を活かして、多指ハンドにて把持した物体の位置を固定したままアームおよび多指ハンドの位置姿勢を微調整するといった動作を行う用途に適用できる。   The present invention takes advantage of the redundant degree of freedom of a manipulator that combines an arm and a multi-finger hand, and performs operations such as finely adjusting the position and orientation of the arm and multi-finger hand while fixing the position of the object gripped by the multi-finger hand. Applicable to the intended use.

本発明の方法を適用するマニピュレータの制御方法を示す制御ブロック図Control block diagram showing a control method of a manipulator to which the method of the present invention is applied 本発明の方法を適用するマニピュレータで使用する座標系の説明図Explanatory drawing of the coordinate system used with the manipulator to which the method of the present invention is applied

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 多指ハンド制御部
2 アーム制御部
3 指令生成部
4 多指ハンドの把持制御
5 多指ハンドの関節角度指令
6 多指ハンドの運動制御
7 アームの運動学演算
8 アームの関節角度指令
9 アームの運動制御
10 式(1)の演算部
11 式(2)の演算部
12 把持物***置姿勢の送出部
13 アーム
14 多指ハンド
1 Multi-finger hand control unit 2 Arm control unit 3 Command generation unit 4 Multi-finger hand grip control 5 Multi-finger hand joint angle command 6 Multi-finger hand motion control 7 Arm kinematics calculation 8 Arm joint angle command 9 Arm Motion control 10 Expression (1) calculation unit 11 Expression (2) calculation unit 12 Grasping object position and orientation sending unit 13 Arm 14 Multi-fingered hand

Claims (1)

アームと、該アーム先端に装着された複数の関節軸を有するハンドから成るマニピュレータにて対象物体を把持し、前記ハンドの掌部にて動作させるマニピュレータの制御方法において、
前記対象物体の位置姿勢が指令されると、前記アームのツール座標変換行列によって前記アームの位置姿勢を算出して前記アームを制御すると同時に、
前記ハンドに設けられたハンド座標系における前記対象物体の位置姿勢に基づいて前記ハンドを制御することで前記対象物体を把持および前記ハンドの掌部にて動作させ、
前記アームの位置姿勢と前記ツール座標変換とによって得られる前記対象物体の位置姿勢と、前記ハンド座標系における前記対象物体の位置姿勢とが、同一の位置姿勢を指し示すよう制御することを特徴とするマニピュレータの制御方法。
In a manipulator control method for gripping a target object with a manipulator comprising an arm and a hand having a plurality of joint axes attached to the arm tip, and operating on the palm of the hand,
When the position and orientation of the target object is commanded, the arm is calculated by calculating the position and orientation of the arm using the tool coordinate transformation matrix of the arm, and at the same time,
Gripping the target object and operating the palm of the hand by controlling the hand based on the position and orientation of the target object in a hand coordinate system provided on the hand,
The position and orientation of the target object obtained by the position and orientation of the arm and the tool coordinate conversion and the position and orientation of the target object in the hand coordinate system are controlled to indicate the same position and orientation. Manipulator control method.
JP2005117994A 2005-04-15 2005-04-15 Method of controlling manipulator Abandoned JP2006297490A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5829313B1 (en) * 2014-06-25 2015-12-09 ファナック株式会社 Offline teaching device using simulation

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP5829313B1 (en) * 2014-06-25 2015-12-09 ファナック株式会社 Offline teaching device using simulation
CN105312776A (en) * 2014-06-25 2016-02-10 发那科株式会社 Offline teaching device using simulation
US9895801B2 (en) 2014-06-25 2018-02-20 Fanuc Corporation Offline teaching device using simulation

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