JP2006241206A - Method for producing mixed fuel of organic-waste-derived carbide and coal - Google Patents

Method for producing mixed fuel of organic-waste-derived carbide and coal Download PDF

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JP2006241206A
JP2006241206A JP2005055314A JP2005055314A JP2006241206A JP 2006241206 A JP2006241206 A JP 2006241206A JP 2005055314 A JP2005055314 A JP 2005055314A JP 2005055314 A JP2005055314 A JP 2005055314A JP 2006241206 A JP2006241206 A JP 2006241206A
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carbide
coal
combustion
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Kazuyoshi Yamaguchi
一良 山口
Tetsuya Nagasaka
徹也 長坂
Norio Miyakoshi
紀雄 宮越
Koichi Sato
晃一 佐藤
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for producing a carbide fuel capable of being burned with a common coal combustor from organic wastes such as sewage sludge and livestock feces and urine. <P>SOLUTION: Livestock feces and urine or sewage sludge is subjected to heat treatment under conditions including a temperature range of 300 to 550°C and an oxygen partial pressure range of 0.01 to 0.1 atm, the obtained carbide is mixed with coal, and the resulting mixture is ground to produce a mixed fuel. The mixing ratio of the carbide is 10 wt% or lower. The produced carbide has a calorific value of 3,500 to 5,500 kcal/kg when derived from livestock feces and urine and has a calorific value of 4,000 to 6,000 kcal/kg when derived from sewage sludge. The calorific value of the mixed fuel in a common coal combustor is comparable to that of coal alone. Its incineration ash produced by burning has a heavy metal concentration low enough to meet the environmental regulations and can be safely discarded in, e.g., a final disposal site. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は家畜糞尿や下水汚泥からなる有機性廃棄物を原料として加熱処理により炭化物を生成し、石炭と混合、粉砕してなる混合燃料に関する。 The present invention relates to a mixed fuel obtained by producing carbide by heat treatment using organic waste made of livestock manure or sewage sludge as a raw material, and mixing and pulverizing with coal.

家畜糞尿や下水汚泥に代表される有機性廃棄物を熱源として利用し、熱エネルギーを回収すると共に減容化する手段として、有機性廃棄物を加熱処理することによって炭化物を生成し、それを固体燃料その他として用いる方法が従来から提案されている。以下で従来の有機性廃棄物の加熱処理方法について説明する。 Organic waste such as livestock manure and sewage sludge is used as a heat source, and as a means of recovering heat energy and reducing the volume, the organic waste is heat-treated to produce carbide, which is then solidified. A method for use as a fuel or the like has been proposed. Hereinafter, a conventional heat treatment method for organic waste will be described.

特開2000−273460号公報および特開2002−336899号公報は加熱による有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法を示したもので、特開2000−273460号公報は約300℃、特開2002−336899号公報では300〜350℃および低酸素分圧の条件下にて有機性廃棄物を炭化処理することにより、炭素分の残留量の多い炭化物を生成する方法である。なお加熱処理温度の下限を300℃としているのは、それ以下の温度では加熱処理の最中にダイオキシンが発生してしまうことと、生成物中に未分解の有機物が多く残留するために得られた炭化物にてその後発酵が起こり、それに伴い臭気が発生する問題があるためである。 Japanese Patent Laid-Open Nos. 2000-273460 and 2002-336899 show a method for carbonizing organic waste by heating. Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-273460 is about 300 ° C. and Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-336899. The gazette is a method for producing a carbide with a large residual carbon content by carbonizing an organic waste under conditions of 300 to 350 ° C. and a low oxygen partial pressure. Note that the lower limit of the heat treatment temperature is set to 300 ° C., because a dioxin is generated during the heat treatment at a temperature lower than that, and a large amount of undecomposed organic matter remains in the product. This is because there is a problem that odor is generated with the subsequent fermentation of the carbonized material.

これらの方法にて家畜糞尿や下水汚泥に代表される有機性廃棄物を処理する場合には、生成される炭化物の発熱量が石炭などの化石燃料に比べて低く、また残存する重金属類の含有量が多くなる。特開2000−273460号公報では使用する有機性廃棄物として発熱量の高い紙類や厨芥を主に用いることで、また特開2002−336899号公報では生成された炭化物を固体燃料として使用せずに主に土壌改良材、融雪材等として用いることでこの問題を回避していた。 When organic waste such as livestock manure and sewage sludge is treated by these methods, the calorific value of the generated carbide is lower than that of fossil fuels such as coal, and the content of residual heavy metals The amount increases. In Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2000-273460, paper or soot having a high calorific value is mainly used as the organic waste to be used, and in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-336899, the generated carbide is not used as a solid fuel. This problem was avoided mainly by using it as a soil improvement material, a snow melting material and the like.

一方特開2003−246995号公報はこれらの問題点を解決するべく提案された方法である。有機性廃棄物を炭化処理するに際し、処理温度範囲を300〜800℃、酸素濃度を5%以下に抑えることで燃焼による灰化を抑えて炭素分の残留量を増加させると共に、生成物を静電分離手段や比重差分離手段を用いて炭素分と灰分とに分離することで残留する炭化物の割合を増加させる。含有される重金属類は灰分と共に炭化物から分離除去されるので、この方法により生成される炭化物の発熱量を高めると同時に重金属類の含有量を低下させることができる。
特開2000−273460号公報 特開2002−336899号公報 特開2003−246995号公報
On the other hand, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-246995 is a method proposed to solve these problems. When carbonizing organic waste, the treatment temperature range is 300-800 ° C and the oxygen concentration is kept to 5% or less, thereby suppressing the ashing due to combustion and increasing the residual amount of carbon. The ratio of remaining carbides is increased by separating into carbon and ash using an electric separation means and a specific gravity difference separation means. Since the contained heavy metals are separated and removed from the carbide together with the ash, the calorific value of the carbide produced by this method can be increased and at the same time the content of heavy metals can be reduced.
JP 2000-273460 A JP 2002-336899 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-246995

しかしながら、特開2003−246995にて提案されている有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法では生成される炭化物は固体燃料として用いるには好適であるが、処理温度範囲が300〜800℃と広く、特に高温での処理の場合は燃焼が進行するために得られる炭化物の量が少なくなってしまう。また静電分離手段や比重差分離手段を含むために炭化処理の工程が複雑となり、設備の設置に必要な初期投資が過大なものとなる上に分離された灰分の処理が困難であるという問題がある。この分離された灰分は重金属類を多量に含むため一般の最終処分場などに直接廃棄することはできないため、ここから更に重金属類を分離除去するなどの工程が新たに必要となる。 However, in the organic waste carbonization treatment method proposed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-246995, the produced carbide is suitable for use as a solid fuel, but the treatment temperature range is wide as 300 to 800 ° C. In the case of a treatment at a high temperature, the amount of carbide obtained is reduced because the combustion proceeds. In addition, since the electrostatic separation means and the specific gravity difference separation means are included, the carbonization process becomes complicated, the initial investment necessary for installation of the equipment is excessive, and the treatment of the separated ash is difficult. There is. Since the separated ash content contains a large amount of heavy metals, it cannot be directly disposed of in a general final disposal site. Therefore, a process for separating and removing heavy metals from here is newly required.

以上を踏まえ、家畜糞尿や下水汚泥を主とする有機性廃棄物を加熱し加熱処理を行うことで炭化物を得て、これを固体燃料として用いる方法における課題は以下の3点である。第1の課題は、得られる炭化物を燃焼した場合の発熱量が石炭に代表される他の固体燃料に比較して相対的に低いために、石炭用燃焼炉などの一般的な燃焼炉にて従来の固体燃料の代替としてそのまま使用すると燃焼効率の低下を招く点である。既存の固体燃料である石炭の発熱量は一般に5000〜7000kcal/kgであり、従来の石炭用燃焼炉等ではそのような高カロリーの固体燃料が使用される場合に燃焼効率が最適化するよう設計されており、加熱処理にて得られた炭化物を固体燃料として用いる場合には石炭用燃焼炉などの従来の一般的な燃焼炉をそのまま用いると燃焼効率が悪化するため、燃焼炉の新設や改造等が必要である。このような設備投資を防ぐには、有機性廃棄物由来の炭化物を燃焼させる際にも固体燃料の発熱量をその値に近づける必要がある。 Based on the above, there are the following three problems in the method of using an organic waste mainly composed of livestock manure and sewage sludge and heating it to obtain a carbide and using it as a solid fuel. The first problem is that in a general combustion furnace such as a coal combustion furnace, the calorific value when the obtained carbide is burned is relatively low compared to other solid fuels typified by coal. If it is used as it is as an alternative to the conventional solid fuel, the combustion efficiency is lowered. The calorific value of coal, which is an existing solid fuel, is generally 5000 to 7000 kcal / kg, and conventional combustion furnaces designed to optimize combustion efficiency when such high-calorie solid fuel is used. If the carbide obtained by heat treatment is used as a solid fuel, the combustion efficiency will deteriorate if a conventional combustion furnace such as a coal combustion furnace is used as it is. Etc. are necessary. In order to prevent such capital investment, it is necessary to bring the calorific value of the solid fuel close to that value when burning the carbide derived from organic waste.

第2の課題は、家畜糞尿や下水汚泥には重金属類が含まれているため、燃焼炉での使用後に排出される燃焼灰にはこの重金属類が濃縮して残存するという問題の解決である。残存する重金属類の含有率が規定の環境基準値を越えるとこの燃焼灰を最終処分場等に直接廃棄することができなくなるので、重金属類を分離除去するために新たな工程が必要となる。重金属類の除去の工程には一般に多額のコストが必要であるため、この問題は有機性廃棄物の処分作業全体のコスト増加を招く原因となるからである。 The second problem is to solve the problem that the heavy metals are concentrated and remain in the combustion ash discharged after use in the combustion furnace because the livestock manure and sewage sludge contain heavy metals. . If the content of the remaining heavy metals exceeds the specified environmental standard value, the combustion ash cannot be directly discarded at the final disposal site or the like, so a new process is required to separate and remove heavy metals. This is because the heavy metal removal process generally requires a large amount of cost, and this problem causes an increase in the cost of the entire disposal of organic waste.

第3の課題は、有機性廃棄物の加熱処理による炭化物の生成工程全体での工程の単純化である。特に灰分の分離工程である静電分離手段や比重差分離手段には多大な設備投資が必要であり、このような工程を設けないことにより有機性廃棄物の加熱処理工程のコスト増加を抑える必要がある。 The third problem is simplification of the entire production process of carbides by heat treatment of organic waste. In particular, electrostatic separation means and specific gravity difference separation means, which are ash separation processes, require a large amount of capital investment, and it is necessary to suppress the cost increase of the organic waste heat treatment process by not providing such processes. There is.

本発明は上記問題を鑑みてなされたものであり、有機性廃棄物を加熱処理することにより得られる炭化物の生成方法ならびに燃焼条件について、上記3点の課題の解決を図る有機性廃棄物の処理方法および燃焼方法を提供することを目的とする。 The present invention has been made in view of the above-mentioned problems, and is a method for producing organic carbide obtained by heat-treating organic waste, and the treatment of organic waste for solving the above three problems with respect to combustion conditions. It is an object to provide a method and a combustion method.

家畜糞尿や下水汚泥からなる有機性廃棄物から発熱量の高い炭化物を生成するために、前記廃棄物を加熱する炭化処理装置の内部雰囲気を、処理温度を300〜550℃、酸素分圧を0.01〜0.1気圧の範囲に保つようにする。この温度および酸素分圧の条件下で生成される炭化物は、下記の実施例に示される通り家畜糞尿を原料とする場合で3500〜5500kcal/kg、下水汚泥を原料とする場合で4000〜6000kcal/kgの発熱量を有している。もし温度もしくは酸素分圧が前記条件より低い場合には加熱処理中にダイオキシンが発生する上に、炭化が十分に進まないために生成物内に水分や未分解の有機物が多く残留するため、生成の後に発酵が起こってそれに伴い臭気が発生する問題が生じる。また逆に温度もしくは酸素分圧が前記条件より高い場合には加熱の際に原料の燃焼が必要以上に進行してしまうために炭素の含有量が減少し、灰分や重金属類の含有量が相対的に増えることになって生成物の発熱量が上記の値より小さくなってしまう。 In order to produce high-calorific carbide from organic waste consisting of livestock manure and sewage sludge, the internal atmosphere of the carbonization apparatus for heating the waste is treated at a temperature of 300 to 550 ° C. and an oxygen partial pressure of 0. Keep in the range of 0.01-0.1 atm. The carbides produced under the conditions of this temperature and oxygen partial pressure are 3500-5500 kcal / kg when livestock manure is used as the raw material, and 4000-6000 kcal / kg when using sewage sludge as the raw material, as shown in the following examples. It has a calorific value of kg. If the temperature or oxygen partial pressure is lower than the above conditions, dioxins are generated during the heat treatment, and carbonization does not proceed sufficiently, resulting in a large amount of moisture and undecomposed organic matter remaining in the product. After that, there is a problem that fermentation occurs and odor is generated. On the other hand, when the temperature or oxygen partial pressure is higher than the above conditions, the combustion of the raw material proceeds more than necessary during heating, so the carbon content decreases and the ash content and heavy metal content are relatively As a result, the calorific value of the product becomes smaller than the above value.

この方法によって得られる炭化物の発熱量は一般の石炭の値である5000〜7000kcal/kgよりも若干低いために、石炭のみを燃焼させる場合に一般に最適条件となるよう調整されている一般の石炭用燃焼炉では効率的な燃焼をさせることが困難である。またこれら炭化物には原料である家畜糞尿や下水汚泥に由来する重金属類が含まれており、これらは炭化や燃焼の際にほとんど除去されないため最終的に燃焼後の燃焼灰内に濃縮されて残留することになる。燃焼灰に含まれる重金属類の濃度が規定の環境基準値を上回る場合には、燃焼灰を最終処分場などに直接廃棄することはできず、新たに重金属類を除去するための工程が必要となってしまう。これらの問題を解決するために、前記炭化物を単独で燃焼させることをやめ、石炭と混合した上で粉砕して混合燃料として用いることとし、その混合割合を重量比で炭化物が全体の10%を超えない値とする。この場合は前記混合燃料の石炭に対する発熱量の低下はわずかであり、通常の石炭用燃焼炉にても好適な燃焼が可能な範囲内に収まるため、燃焼炉での燃焼効率が低下することがない。また排出される燃焼灰も重金属類の含有量が少ない石炭起源の燃焼灰との混合したものであるため重金属類の濃度は上昇することがなく、直接廃棄しても環境への影響を与えない範囲となるよう抑えることができる。 Since the calorific value of the carbide obtained by this method is slightly lower than 5000 to 7000 kcal / kg which is the value of general coal, it is generally adjusted for optimum conditions when only coal is burned. It is difficult to perform efficient combustion in a combustion furnace. These carbides contain heavy metals derived from livestock manure and sewage sludge, which are raw materials, and are hardly removed during carbonization or combustion, so they are finally concentrated in the combustion ash after combustion. Will do. If the concentration of heavy metals contained in the combustion ash exceeds the specified environmental standard value, the combustion ash cannot be disposed of directly at the final disposal site, and a new process for removing heavy metals is required. turn into. In order to solve these problems, the carbide is not burned alone, mixed with coal, pulverized and used as a mixed fuel, and the mixing ratio is 10% of the carbide by weight. The value should not exceed. In this case, the calorific value of the mixed fuel with respect to coal is small, and it falls within a range where suitable combustion is possible even with a normal coal combustion furnace, so the combustion efficiency in the combustion furnace may decrease. Absent. In addition, the combustion ash emitted is a mixture of coal-derived combustion ash with a low content of heavy metals, so the concentration of heavy metals will not increase and will not affect the environment even if discarded directly. The range can be suppressed.

以上を踏まえて本発明における課題解決手段は、家畜糞尿や下水汚泥を主とする有機性廃棄物の処理工程を加熱処理による炭化物の生成工程とその後の燃焼工程とに分け、両工程における処理条件をそれぞれ以下の通り定めたものである。 Based on the above, the problem-solving means in the present invention divides the organic waste treatment process mainly consisting of livestock manure and sewage sludge into a carbide production process by heat treatment and a subsequent combustion process, and the treatment conditions in both processes Are defined as follows.

本発明における第1の課題解決手段は、家畜糞尿および/または下水汚泥からなる有機性廃棄物を炭化処理し、生成された炭化物を石炭と混合し粉砕してなる混合燃料の製造方法である。 The first problem solving means in the present invention is a method for producing a mixed fuel obtained by carbonizing an organic waste composed of livestock manure and / or sewage sludge, and mixing and pulverizing the generated carbide with coal.

また第2の課題解決手段は、前記有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法において、前記炭化処理の実施温度を300ないし550℃の範囲に保持することを特徴とする前記混合燃料の製造方法である。 A second problem-solving means is the method for producing the mixed fuel, characterized in that, in the organic waste carbonization method, the carbonization temperature is maintained in a range of 300 to 550 ° C.

さらに第3の課題解決手段は、前記有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法において、前記炭化処理の際の酸素分圧を0.01ないし0.1気圧の範囲に保持することを特徴とする前記混合燃料の製造方法である。 Furthermore, a third problem solving means is the method for carbonizing organic waste, wherein the oxygen partial pressure during the carbonization is maintained in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 atm. This is a fuel manufacturing method.

さらに第4の課題解決手段は、前記混合燃料の製造方法において、前記炭化物を10重量%以下の割合で石炭と混合すると共に粉砕して用いることを特徴とする前記混合燃料の製造方法である。 Further, a fourth problem solving means is the method for producing a mixed fuel, wherein the carbide is mixed with coal at a ratio of 10% by weight or less and pulverized for use.

上述したように本発明にて提案する炭化物の生成および燃焼方法によると、家畜糞尿や下水汚泥を主とする有機性廃棄物を原料として加熱処理により生成する炭化物の発熱量を向上させることができる。さらに石炭に対し10%以下の割合で混合粉砕してなる混合燃料として用いることで、一般の石炭用燃焼炉においても既存の石炭燃料に比べて遜色のない発熱量を得ることができる。また排出される燃焼灰も重金属類の含有量が低いものとなるため環境基準値を越える危険もなく、最終処分場などへの安全な廃棄を行うことが可能である。 As described above, according to the carbide generation and combustion method proposed in the present invention, it is possible to improve the calorific value of the carbide generated by heat treatment using organic waste mainly made of livestock manure and sewage sludge as a raw material. . Furthermore, by using it as a mixed fuel obtained by mixing and pulverizing at a ratio of 10% or less with respect to coal, a calorific value comparable to that of existing coal fuel can be obtained even in a general coal combustion furnace. In addition, since the discharged combustion ash has a low content of heavy metals, there is no risk of exceeding the environmental standard value, and it is possible to safely dispose of it in a final disposal site.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図1〜図3に基づいて説明する。 Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS.

図1は発明の実施例における炭化物の生成および燃焼に関する処理工程の説明図である。炭化処理装置13は有機性廃棄物に対して炭化処理を行うための炭化炉であり、炉内に投入された家畜糞尿11や下水汚泥12などの有機性廃棄物は最適条件下において炭化処理が行われている。生成物である炭化物14はその後ヤード保管15がなされるが、炭化処理が十分に行われているために保管中に発酵が起こり、それに伴い臭気が発生することはない。その後炭化物14は同じくヤード保管16されている石炭と共に粉体乾燥粉砕機17に投入され、そこで混合、粉砕、乾燥がなされる。この時の炭化物14の混合割合は燃料全体に対して重量比で10%を越えないようにする。混合割合が10%を越えると、生成される炭化物14の後述の石炭燃焼炉18での燃焼効率が急激に低下するためである。そして粉状となった混合燃料はボイラを設置した石炭燃焼炉18に投入されて燃焼し、例えば蒸気タービン等からなる発電システム19を稼働させる。この際に発生する煤煙や燃焼灰は電気集塵機・排出器20に集められ、煤煙中の粒子状物質や二酸化イオウなどの排出規制の設けられた物質が回収されると共に燃焼灰が排出される。なお石炭燃焼炉18は従来から用いられている一般的な発電用ボイラであり、特に有機性廃棄物の処理を行うための最適化処置を施されているものではない。 FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of processing steps relating to the generation and combustion of carbides in an embodiment of the invention. The carbonization treatment apparatus 13 is a carbonization furnace for performing carbonization treatment on organic waste, and the organic waste such as livestock manure 11 and sewage sludge 12 charged in the furnace is carbonized under optimum conditions. Has been done. The product carbide 14 is then stored in a yard 15. However, since the carbonization is sufficiently performed, fermentation occurs during storage and no odor is generated. Thereafter, the carbide 14 is put into a powder drying and pulverizing machine 17 together with the coal stored in the yard 16 and mixed, pulverized and dried there. The mixing ratio of the carbide 14 at this time should not exceed 10% by weight with respect to the whole fuel. This is because if the mixing ratio exceeds 10%, the combustion efficiency of the produced carbide 14 in the coal combustion furnace 18 described later is drastically lowered. The mixed fuel in powder form is put into a coal combustion furnace 18 provided with a boiler and combusted, and a power generation system 19 composed of, for example, a steam turbine is operated. Smoke and combustion ash generated at this time are collected in the electric dust collector / discharger 20, and particulate matter and sulfur dioxide-containing substances in the soot are collected and combustion ash is discharged. Note that the coal combustion furnace 18 is a general power generation boiler that has been used in the past, and is not particularly subjected to an optimization process for treating organic waste.

前記の炭化処理装置13における炭化処理の最適条件に関し、実験に基づいて最適条件を求めた結果が図2である。図2(a)に示されるように、家畜糞尿の炭化処理を行う場合、酸素分圧が0.01〜0.1気圧の条件下では好適条件は処理温度が300〜550℃の場合である。処理温度が550℃を越える場合には炭化物の発熱量は小さくなってしまうが、これは炭化処理の際に家畜糞尿に含まれる炭化物の燃焼が進むためと考えられる。また処理温度が300℃を下回る場合には生成される炭化物の発熱量は大きいものの、炭化が不十分であるために生成物中に未分解の有機物が多く残留するためにヤード保管の間に発酵が進んで臭気を発生するほか炭化処理の最中にダイオキシンを発生させる問題のあることが確認されている。 FIG. 2 shows the result of obtaining the optimum condition based on the experiment with respect to the optimum condition for the carbonization treatment in the carbonization treatment apparatus 13 described above. As shown in FIG. 2 (a), when carbonizing livestock manure, suitable conditions are when the treatment temperature is 300 to 550 ° C. under the condition of oxygen partial pressure of 0.01 to 0.1 atmosphere. . When the treatment temperature exceeds 550 ° C., the calorific value of the carbide becomes small, which is considered to be because the combustion of the carbide contained in the livestock manure progresses during the carbonization treatment. When the treatment temperature is lower than 300 ° C, the calorific value of the generated carbide is large, but since the carbonization is insufficient, a large amount of undecomposed organic matter remains in the product, so fermentation occurs during yard storage. It has been confirmed that there is a problem that dioxins are generated during the carbonization process in addition to the generation of odor by progressing.

またこの時に生成される炭化物の発熱量は図2(a)に示されるように3500〜5500kcal/kgであった。さらに炭化処理装置内の酸素分圧を変化させた場合には、酸素分圧が0.01気圧未満では家畜糞尿の炭化が進行せず、また0.1気圧を超える場合は炭化物の燃焼が過度に進行するために得られる炭化物の発熱量が低下することが確認されている。一方下水汚泥の炭化処理についても同様に実験を行い、図2(b)に示される結果を得た。炭化処理の好適条件は家畜糞尿の場合と同じであり、処理温度が300〜550℃の間、酸素分圧が0.01〜0.1気圧の間である。またこの場合の発熱量は4000〜6000kcal/kgであった。 Moreover, the calorific value of the carbide | carbonized_material produced | generated at this time was 3500-5500 kcal / kg as FIG. 2 (a) shows. Further, when the oxygen partial pressure in the carbonization apparatus is changed, the carbonization of livestock manure does not proceed if the oxygen partial pressure is less than 0.01 atmosphere, and if it exceeds 0.1 atmosphere, the combustion of the carbide is excessive. It has been confirmed that the calorific value of the resulting carbide decreases as it progresses. On the other hand, a similar experiment was conducted for carbonization of sewage sludge, and the results shown in FIG. 2B were obtained. The preferred conditions for the carbonization treatment are the same as in the case of livestock manure, with the treatment temperature being between 300-550 ° C. and the oxygen partial pressure being between 0.01-0.1 atmosphere. Moreover, the calorific value in this case was 4000-6000 kcal / kg.

以上の処理温度および酸素分圧の条件の下で得られた炭化物を石炭と十分に混合、粉砕、乾燥させて混合燃料とし、発電用ボイラとして用いられる汎用の石炭燃焼炉にて燃焼実験を行った。なおこの際に炭化物と石炭との混合、粉砕、乾燥が不十分である場合、混合燃料の燃焼効率の低下が発生する。炭化物と石炭との混合比を変化させた場合の発熱量および燃焼効率の変化について図3に示す。図3(a)は汎用の石炭燃焼炉における炭化物を石炭との混合比と発熱量の関係を示すグラフであるが、炭化物の混合比が重量比で10%以下であれば混合燃料の実際の発熱量はほとんど低下しないが、10%を越えると混合燃料の実際の発熱量が急激に落ち込むことが分かる。また、炭化物の混合比は2〜3%の場合は発熱量が特に高く、より好ましい。 Carbide experiments were conducted in a general-purpose coal combustion furnace used as a power generation boiler by thoroughly mixing, pulverizing, and drying the carbide obtained under the above treatment temperature and oxygen partial pressure conditions to produce a mixed fuel. It was. At this time, if mixing, pulverization, and drying of carbide and coal are insufficient, the combustion efficiency of the mixed fuel is reduced. FIG. 3 shows changes in calorific value and combustion efficiency when the mixing ratio of carbide and coal is changed. FIG. 3 (a) is a graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of carbide to coal in a general-purpose coal combustion furnace and the calorific value. If the mixing ratio of carbide is 10% or less by weight, the actual mixed fuel Although the calorific value hardly decreases, it can be seen that when it exceeds 10%, the actual calorific value of the mixed fuel falls sharply. Moreover, when the mixing ratio of the carbide is 2 to 3%, the calorific value is particularly high, which is more preferable.

この傾向は図3(b)に示す混合燃料の炭化物の混合比と燃焼効率の関係を示すグラフではより明瞭である。石炭燃焼炉における燃焼効率は、炭化物の混合比が重量比で10%を越えると急激に下降し、その後は混合比が増大すると緩やかに下降していく。このことは汎用の石炭燃焼炉の燃焼効率が燃料の発熱量に依存しており、さらに石炭のみの燃焼の場合に最適化されているために混合燃料の発熱量が低下すると燃焼効率自体が下がり、得られる熱量を効率的にエネルギーとして取り出すことができなくなるためと考えられる。以上から、有機廃棄物を炭化処理することで生成した炭化物を石炭と混合して燃焼させる場合、燃焼効率にほとんど影響を与えることのない混合比は重量比で10%以下とした場合であり、理想的には炭化物の混合比が2〜3%の場合である。これらの場合は炭化物を問題なく燃焼処理することが可能である。 This tendency is clearer in the graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio of the carbide of the mixed fuel and the combustion efficiency shown in FIG. The combustion efficiency in a coal combustion furnace decreases rapidly when the mixing ratio of carbides exceeds 10% by weight, and thereafter gradually decreases as the mixing ratio increases. This is because the combustion efficiency of a general-purpose coal combustion furnace depends on the calorific value of the fuel, and furthermore, the combustion efficiency itself decreases when the calorific value of the mixed fuel decreases because it is optimized in the case of coal-only combustion. This is thought to be because the amount of heat obtained cannot be efficiently extracted as energy. From the above, when the carbide generated by carbonizing organic waste is mixed with coal and burned, the mixing ratio that hardly affects the combustion efficiency is 10% or less by weight, Ideally, the mixing ratio of carbide is 2 to 3%. In these cases, the carbide can be combusted without any problem.

なお炭化物の混合比を重量比で10%以下とした場合には生成される燃焼灰に含まれる重金属類の濃度は十分に環境基準を満たす低さであり、石炭燃焼炉から排出される燃焼灰を最終処分場などにそのまま廃棄可能であることは、燃焼灰の分析の結果確認済みである。またこの場合の混合燃料の発熱量は石炭のみの場合に比べてもわずかに低いのみであり、燃焼を行う石炭燃焼炉を発電用ボイラとして稼働した場合でもその発電量は石炭のみの燃焼の場合に比べて遜色のないものとなっている。 When the mixing ratio of carbide is 10% or less by weight, the concentration of heavy metals contained in the generated combustion ash is low enough to meet environmental standards, and the combustion ash discharged from the coal combustion furnace It is confirmed as a result of the analysis of combustion ash that it can be disposed of in a final disposal site. Also, the calorific value of the mixed fuel in this case is only slightly lower than that of coal alone, and even if the coal combustion furnace that performs combustion is operated as a power generation boiler, the amount of power generation is the case of combustion of coal only Compared to, it is inferior.

本発明の実施例における炭化物の生成および燃焼に関する処理工程の説明図。Explanatory drawing of the process process regarding the production | generation and combustion of the carbide | carbonized_material in the Example of this invention. 本発明の実施例における家畜糞尿および下水汚泥の炭化処理に関する説明図。(a):家畜糞尿の炭化処理に関する好適な温度と酸素分圧の条件を示すグラフ。(b):下水汚泥の炭化条件に関する好適な温度と酸素分圧の条件を示すグラフ。Explanatory drawing regarding the carbonization process of livestock manure and sewage sludge in the Example of this invention. (A): The graph which shows the conditions of suitable temperature and oxygen partial pressure regarding carbonization processing of livestock manure. (B): A graph showing conditions of suitable temperature and oxygen partial pressure related to carbonization conditions of sewage sludge. 本発明の実施例における炭化物の発熱量および燃焼効率に関する説明図。(a):石炭燃焼炉にて炭化物を石炭と混合して燃焼させる場合の混合比と発熱量の関係を示すグラフ。(b):石炭燃焼炉にて炭化物を石炭と混合して燃焼させる場合の混合比と燃焼効率の関係を示すグラフ。石炭のみの燃焼の場合を効率100%とする。Explanatory drawing regarding the emitted-heat amount and combustion efficiency of the carbide | carbonized_material in the Example of this invention. (A): A graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio and calorific value when carbide is mixed with coal and burned in a coal combustion furnace. (B): A graph showing the relationship between the mixing ratio and the combustion efficiency when carbide is mixed with coal and burned in a coal combustion furnace. The efficiency of combustion only with coal is set to 100%.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

11:家畜糞尿
12:下水汚泥
13:炭化処理装置
14:炭化物
15:ヤード保管(炭化物)
16:ヤード保管(石炭)
17:粉体乾燥粉砕機
18:石炭燃焼炉(ボイラー)
19:発電システム
20:電気集塵機・排出器
11: Livestock manure 12: Sewage sludge 13: Carbonization treatment device 14: Carbide 15: Yard storage (carbide)
16: Yard storage (coal)
17: Powder drying crusher 18: Coal combustion furnace (boiler)
19: Power generation system 20: Electric dust collector / discharger

Claims (4)

家畜糞尿および/または下水汚泥からなる有機性廃棄物を炭化処理し、生成された炭化物を石炭と混合し粉砕してなる混合燃料の製造方法。 A method for producing a mixed fuel obtained by carbonizing an organic waste composed of livestock manure and / or sewage sludge, and mixing and pulverizing the generated carbide with coal. 請求項1に記載の前記有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法において、前記炭化処理の実施温度を300ないし550℃の範囲に保持することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の炭化物と石炭との混合燃料の製造方法。 2. The method for carbonizing organic waste according to claim 1, wherein the carbonization treatment temperature is maintained in a range of 300 to 550 ° C. Manufacturing method. 請求項1および2に記載の前記有機性廃棄物の炭化処理方法において、前記炭化処理の際の酸素分圧を0.01ないし0.1気圧の範囲に保持することを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の炭化物と石炭との混合燃料の製造方法。 3. The organic waste carbonization method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein an oxygen partial pressure during the carbonization treatment is maintained in a range of 0.01 to 0.1 atm. For producing mixed fuel of carbonized charcoal and coal. 請求項1、2および3に記載の前記混合燃料の製造方法において、前記炭化物を10重量%以下の割合で石炭と混合すると共に粉砕して用いることを特徴とする有機性廃棄物の炭化物と石炭との混合燃料の製造方法。
The method for producing the mixed fuel according to claim 1, 2, and 3, wherein the carbide is mixed with coal at a ratio of 10% by weight or less and pulverized and used. And a method for producing a mixed fuel.
JP2005055314A 2005-03-01 2005-03-01 Method for producing mixed fuel of organic-waste-derived carbide and coal Pending JP2006241206A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160116199A (en) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-07 현대제철 주식회사 Fuel for injecting a blast furnace and method of injecting the same

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR20160116199A (en) * 2015-03-26 2016-10-07 현대제철 주식회사 Fuel for injecting a blast furnace and method of injecting the same
KR101707305B1 (en) 2015-03-26 2017-02-16 현대제철 주식회사 Forming method for fuel for injecting a blast furnace

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