JP2006218384A - Method for drying hydrous material and method for manufacturing compost - Google Patents

Method for drying hydrous material and method for manufacturing compost Download PDF

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JP2006218384A
JP2006218384A JP2005033636A JP2005033636A JP2006218384A JP 2006218384 A JP2006218384 A JP 2006218384A JP 2005033636 A JP2005033636 A JP 2005033636A JP 2005033636 A JP2005033636 A JP 2005033636A JP 2006218384 A JP2006218384 A JP 2006218384A
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compost
drying
air supply
layer
raw material
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JP4553746B2 (en
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Satoshi Ogura
智 小倉
Akihiro Nakajima
昭博 中嶋
Yosuke Tamura
陽右 田村
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Soken Co Ltd
Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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Mitsui Engineering and Shipbuilding Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

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  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a method for drying a hydrous material by which the dried material hardly forms a lump and is hardly treated anaerobically, and to provide a method for manufacturing compost by which the manufactured compost is hardly form a lump, is hardly treated anaerobically and is kept in a granular state and hardly scatters even when the manufactured compost has about 10% moisture content. <P>SOLUTION: The method for drying the hydrous material in a drying tank 1 having an introduction port 2 in the upper part for introducing the hydrous material, a discharge port 3 in the upper part and an air supply port 5 in the lower part comprises the steps of: suspending the hydrous material in a layered form by supplying compressed air from the air supply port 5; and destroying the layered form of the hydrous material. The method for manufacturing compost by using a compost manufacturing apparatus, which has a compost raw material throw-in port and a discharge port in the upper part and in which a primary fermentation tank and a secondary fermentation tank are arranged at the least by dividing the inside thereof by a partition wall having the predetermined height and an air supply port is arranged in the lower part of each of the primary fermentation tank and the secondary fermentation tank, comprises the steps of: suspending a compost raw material in a layered form by supplying compressed air from the air supply port; and destroying the layered form of the compost raw material. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は含水物の乾燥方法及びコンポスト製造方法に関し、詳しくは、塊ができにくく、嫌気化しにくく、また含水率１０％程度でも粒状を維持し飛散しにくい含水物乾燥方法及びコンポスト製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for drying a hydrous material and a method for producing compost, and more particularly to a method for drying a hydrous material and a method for producing compost that are less likely to be agglomerated, less anaerobic, and maintain granularity even when the water content is about 10%.

従来、下水処理場や農村集落排水処理場などから発生した汚泥は、脱水処理した後、焼却されていたが、近年の資源リサイクル化の背景下で、コンポストとして農作物肥料や公園植物肥料などに再利用されている。   Conventionally, sludge generated from sewage treatment plants and rural wastewater treatment plants has been dewatered and then incinerated. It's being used.

特許文献１には、完熟した高品質のコンポストを簡単で且つ耐用性の高い設備でしかも低コストで製造できる有機性廃棄物のコンポスト化装置が提案されている。   Patent Document 1 proposes an organic waste composting apparatus that can produce fully mature, high-quality compost with simple and highly durable equipment and at low cost.

本出願人らは、この特許文献１に記載の技術を実用化に向けて研究を重ねる過程で、空気供給方式に改善の余地が残っていることがわかった。   The present applicants have found that there is still room for improvement in the air supply method in the process of researching the technology described in Patent Document 1 for practical use.

即ち、特許文献１では、コンポスト槽の下方から連続的な乾燥用加温空気と断続的な圧力空気を供給しているが、圧力供給量が少ないとショートパスして空気が十分コンポスト原料に充当できず、嫌気化するおそれがある。   In other words, in Patent Document 1, continuous warming air for drying and intermittent pressure air are supplied from below the compost tank, but if the amount of pressure supply is small, a short pass is performed and the air is sufficiently applied to the compost raw material. There is a risk of being anaerobic.

また供給量が多いと攪拌・破壊効果は高いが、コンポスト槽の上壁にコンポスト原料が衝突すると固まり部ができてしまう問題があった。また破壊効果が優れているがゆえに製品となる含水率１０％程度のコンポストの場合には、粉状になってしまい飛散しやすく、包装作業の障害になるおそれがあった。   When the supply amount is large, the stirring / breaking effect is high, but there is a problem that when the compost raw material collides with the upper wall of the compost tank, a solidified part is formed. In addition, since the destruction effect is excellent, in the case of compost having a moisture content of about 10%, which is a product, it becomes powdery and is likely to be scattered, which may hinder packaging work.

更に本出願人らは、特許文献１の技術を含水物の乾燥に適用した場合においても、上記と同様の問題が起こり得ることを見出した。
特開２００３−４７９４１号公報 Furthermore, the present applicants have found that the same problem as described above can occur even when the technique of Patent Document 1 is applied to drying of a hydrous material.
JP 2003-47941 A

そこで、本発明は、塊ができにくく、嫌気化しにくい含水物の乾燥方法を提供することを課題とする。   Then, this invention makes it a subject to provide the drying method of the hydrated substance which is hard to be lumped and to become anaerobic.

また本発明の他の課題は、塊ができにくく、嫌気化しにくく、また含水率１０％程度でも粒状を維持し飛散しにくいコンポスト製造方法を提供することにある。   Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing compost which is difficult to be clumped, hardly anaerobic, and which maintains a granular shape and hardly scatters even at a moisture content of about 10%.

更に本発明の他の課題は、以下の記載によって明らかとなる。   Furthermore, the other subject of this invention becomes clear by the following description.

上記課題は、以下の各発明によって解決される。   The above problems are solved by the following inventions.

（請求項１）
上部に含水物を導入する導入口と排気口を備え、下方に空気供給口を備えた乾燥槽内で含水物を乾燥する方法において、
前記空気供給口から圧力空気を供給して前記含水物を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状の含水物の層を破壊させる工程とを有することを特徴とする含水物の乾燥方法。 (Claim 1)
In the method of drying the hydrated material in a drying tank having an inlet and an exhaust port for introducing the hydrated material in the upper part and an air supply port in the lower part,
A method for drying a hydrated product, comprising the steps of: supplying pressurized air from the air supply port to float the hydrated product in a layer; and destroying a layer of the layered hydrated product.

（請求項２）
排気口に自動開閉弁を設け、該自動開閉弁を層状の含水物の層を破壊させる工程の開始後に閉状態から開状態に変更することを特徴とする請求項１記載の含水物の乾燥方法。 (Claim 2)
The method for drying a hydrous material according to claim 1, wherein an automatic on-off valve is provided at the exhaust port, and the automatic on-off valve is changed from a closed state to an open state after the start of the step of breaking the layered layer of the hydrous material. .

（請求項３）
上部にコンポスト原料の投入口と排気口を備え、内部には所定高さの仕切り壁によって画定された一次発酵槽と二次発酵槽を少なくとも配置してなり、該一次発酵槽と二次発酵槽の下方には空気供給口を備えたコンポスト製造装置において、
前記空気供給口から圧力空気を供給して前記コンポスト原料を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状のコンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程とを有することを特徴とするコンポスト製造方法。 (Claim 3)
A compost raw material inlet and exhaust port are provided at the top, and at least a primary fermenter and a secondary fermenter defined by a partition wall of a predetermined height are arranged inside the primary fermenter and the secondary fermenter. In the compost manufacturing apparatus with an air supply port below,
A compost manufacturing method comprising: supplying pressurized air from the air supply port to float the compost raw material in layers; and destroying a layer of the layered compost raw materials.

（請求項４）
排気口に自動開閉弁を設け、該自動開閉弁を層状の前記コンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程の開始後に閉状態から開状態に変更することを特徴とする請求項３記載のコンポスト製造方法。 (Claim 4)
4. The compost manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein an automatic open / close valve is provided at an exhaust port, and the automatic open / close valve is changed from a closed state to an open state after the start of the step of destroying the layered compost raw material layer.

請求項１記載の発明によると、層浮遊と層破壊の効果的な組み合わせによって、乾燥物の塊ができにくく、また層浮遊後に層破壊を行っているので、空気が十分に行き渡るので、嫌気化するおそれがない。   According to the first aspect of the invention, due to the effective combination of layer floating and layer destruction, it is difficult to form a lump of dry matter, and since layer destruction is performed after layer floating, air is sufficiently distributed, so anaerobic There is no fear.

請求項２記載の発明によると、層を破壊させる工程の開始後に排気口の自動開閉弁を閉状態から開状態に変更することにより、乾燥過程で生じる臭気成分を効果的に収集除去できる。   According to the second aspect of the present invention, the odor components generated in the drying process can be effectively collected and removed by changing the automatic opening / closing valve of the exhaust port from the closed state to the open state after the start of the step of destroying the layer.

請求項３記載の発明によると、層浮遊と層破壊の効果的な組み合わせによって、得られる完熟堆肥に塊ができにくい効果があり、また層浮遊後に層破壊を行っているので、空気が十分に行き渡るので、嫌気化するおそれがなく、更に完熟堆肥の含水率は１０％程度であっても粒状を維持しているので、袋詰め作業がスムーズに行く効果がある。   According to the invention of claim 3, there is an effect that it is difficult to form a lump in the obtained mature compost by an effective combination of layer floating and layer breaking, and since the layer breaking is performed after the layer floating, the air is sufficiently Since it spreads, there is no fear of anaerobic, and even when the moisture content of the fully-ripened compost is about 10%, the granularity is maintained, so that the bagging operation is smoothly performed.

請求項４記載の発明によると、層を破壊させる工程の開始後に排気口の自動開閉弁を閉状態から開状態に変更することにより、コンポスト製造過程で生じる臭気成分を効果的に収集除去できる。   According to the fourth aspect of the present invention, by changing the automatic opening / closing valve of the exhaust port from the closed state to the open state after the start of the step of destroying the layer, it is possible to effectively collect and remove odor components generated in the compost manufacturing process.

以下、本発明の実施の形態について図面に基づいて説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

（含水物の乾燥方法）
図１〜図４は含水物の乾燥方法を実施する装置の一例を示す断面図である。 (Method of drying water-containing material)
1-4 is sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which implements the drying method of a hydrated material.

図１において、１は含水物を乾燥する方形状又は円筒状の乾燥槽である。乾燥槽１の底部には、所謂デッドスペースをなくすために傾斜部１０を設け、円錐状又は角錐状に形成されることが好ましい。傾斜部１０の下方には空間部１１が形成されている。空間部１１にはヒーター１２が設けられている。ヒーター１２は傾斜部１０の裏面に固着しておくと熱伝導効果が向上して好ましい。   In FIG. 1, 1 is a square-shaped or cylindrical drying tank which dries a hydrated material. In order to eliminate a so-called dead space, the bottom portion of the drying tank 1 is preferably provided with an inclined portion 10 and is preferably formed in a conical shape or a pyramid shape. A space portion 11 is formed below the inclined portion 10. A heater 12 is provided in the space 11. It is preferable that the heater 12 is fixed to the back surface of the inclined portion 10 because the heat conduction effect is improved.

２は乾燥槽１の上部に設けられる含水物の導入口である。３は乾燥槽１の上部に設けられる排気口であり、導入口２とは離れた位置に形成される。排気口３には自動開閉弁４が設けられている。   Reference numeral 2 denotes a water-containing material inlet provided in the upper part of the drying tank 1. 3 is an exhaust port provided in the upper part of the drying tank 1, and is formed in the position away from the inlet 2. An automatic opening / closing valve 4 is provided at the exhaust port 3.

５は乾燥槽１の底部から空気を導入するための１又は２以上の空気供給管であり、圧力空気供給の為のコンプレッサー（図示せず）及び加温空気供給の為の送風機（図示せず）に接続されている。この空気供給管５から空気供給口５０を介して供給される加温空気は温度制御可能に構成されることが好ましく、乾燥温度を上昇させる上では図示しないヒーターによって加熱された空気が供給されるように制御されることが好ましい。   Reference numeral 5 denotes one or more air supply pipes for introducing air from the bottom of the drying tank 1, a compressor (not shown) for supplying pressurized air, and a blower (not shown) for supplying heated air. )It is connected to the. The heated air supplied from the air supply pipe 5 through the air supply port 50 is preferably configured to be temperature-controllable. In order to raise the drying temperature, air heated by a heater (not shown) is supplied. It is preferable to be controlled as described above.

図１の状態は、導入口２から含水物Ａが乾燥槽１内に導入された状態を示している。この図１の状態で、空気供給管口５０から圧力空気を供給する。前記空気供給口５０から圧力空気が供給されると、乾燥槽１内の含水物Ａは層状に浮遊する（図２参照）。   The state of FIG. 1 shows a state in which the hydrate A is introduced into the drying tank 1 from the inlet 2. In the state of FIG. 1, pressurized air is supplied from the air supply pipe port 50. When pressurized air is supplied from the air supply port 50, the hydrated matter A in the drying tank 1 floats in layers (see FIG. 2).

図２に示すように、含水物Ａを層状に浮遊させるには、空気供給口５０から供給される空気の流速を制御することによって可能となる。   As shown in FIG. 2, the hydrate A can be floated in layers by controlling the flow rate of the air supplied from the air supply port 50.

制御方法は、図５に示すように、空気供給開始から時間ｔ１までの間に乾燥槽１における流速をｖ１まで増加させる。この流速がｖ１になるまでは含水物は層状に浮遊している。 As shown in FIG. 5, the control method increases the flow rate in the drying tank 1 to v 1 between the start of air supply and time t 1 . The water was until this velocity is v 1 are suspended in layers.

本発明の制御において、時間ｔ１は２〜３ｓｅｃ程度が好ましく、ｖ１は１．５〜２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｓｅｃが好ましい。 In the control of the present invention, the time t 1 is preferably about 2 to 3 seconds, and v 1 is preferably 1.5 to 2 m 3 / m 2 / sec.

上記の時間ｔ１を越えると、流速はｖ１のまま維持するが、含水物の層は破壊され、図３の状態になる。図３は含水物が中央部で層破壊された状態を示している。この図３に示す状態（層破壊状態）で、流速ｖ1で空気が供給されると、この空気は攪拌に寄与する。また攪拌強度は含水物が乾燥槽１の上部天井に衝突しない範囲で任意に決定される。 Beyond the time t 1 of the above will be maintained in the flow rate v 1, a layer of hydrous is destroyed, a state of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the hydrated material has been destroyed in the center. When air is supplied at a flow velocity v 1 in the state shown in FIG. 3 (layer destruction state), this air contributes to stirring. Further, the stirring strength is arbitrarily determined within a range where the hydrated material does not collide with the upper ceiling of the drying tank 1.

乾燥に必要な空気温度は、５０〜１２０℃の範囲が好ましい。   The air temperature required for drying is preferably in the range of 50 to 120 ° C.

圧力空気による攪拌と加温空気による乾燥を所定時間継続した後、空気供給を停止すると、図４のように乾燥物Ｂが得られる。   When the air supply is stopped after stirring with pressurized air and drying with warm air for a predetermined time, a dried product B is obtained as shown in FIG.

本態様では、層浮遊と層破壊の効果的な組み合わせによって、乾燥物Ｂの塊ができにくく、また層浮遊後に層破壊を行っているので、空気が十分に行き渡るので、嫌気化するおそれがない。   In this aspect, due to an effective combination of layer floating and layer destruction, a mass of the dried product B is difficult to form, and since layer destruction is performed after the layer floating, air is sufficiently distributed, so there is no risk of anaerobicization. .

本発明では、上記の図２の浮遊層形成状態から図３の層破壊状態に至り、攪拌・乾燥を継続する過程で、含水物から水分が蒸発し、その水分（ミスト）の中に臭気成分（例えばアンモニア等）を含む場合には、その臭気成分を収集除去する手段を採用することが好ましい。   In the present invention, from the floating layer formation state of FIG. 2 to the layer destruction state of FIG. 3, in the process of continuing stirring and drying, moisture evaporates from the hydrated material, and odor components in the moisture (mist) When (for example, ammonia) is included, it is preferable to employ a means for collecting and removing the odor component.

本発明における好ましい態様としては、排気口３に設けた自動開閉弁４を作動させて、排気口３から臭気成分を排出し、別途処理する方法を採用でき、更に好ましくは、層状の含水物の層を破壊させる工程の終了後に自動開閉弁４を閉状態から開状態に変更することにより臭気成分を効果的に除去出来る。   As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, a method of operating the automatic opening / closing valve 4 provided at the exhaust port 3 to discharge the odor component from the exhaust port 3 and separately treating it can be adopted. The odor component can be effectively removed by changing the automatic opening / closing valve 4 from the closed state to the open state after the step of destroying the layer.

図５の例で説明すると、時間ｔ１後には含水物の層が破壊させる工程が終了するので、時間ｔ１経過後に自動開閉弁４を閉状態から開状態に変更すればよい。 In the example case shown in FIG. 5, the step of destroying the layer of hydrous material after time t 1 is terminated, the automatic opening and closing valve 4 may be changed from a closed state to an open state to a time t 1 after the lapse.

本態様における含水物の乾燥前の水分含有率は、５０〜８５％の範囲であり、乾燥後の水分含有率は、１０〜３０％の範囲である。   The moisture content before drying of the hydrated product in this embodiment is in the range of 50 to 85%, and the moisture content after drying is in the range of 10 to 30%.

本態様において、乾燥対象となる含水物は、下水処理場や農村集落排水処理場などから発生した汚泥を脱水した脱水汚泥、コンポストを製造する過程で乾燥を必要とするコンポスト原料、コンポスト化過程で得られる半熟堆肥、その他乾燥を必要とする有機性廃棄物などが挙げられる。   In this embodiment, the hydrated matter to be dried is dehydrated sludge dehydrated from sewage treatment plants and rural village wastewater treatment plants, compost raw materials that require drying in the process of producing compost, and composting process. Examples include semi-mature compost obtained and other organic wastes that require drying.

なお、図２〜図４において、図１と同一の符号の部位は同一の構成であるので、説明を省略する。   2 to 4, the same reference numerals as those in FIG. 1 have the same configuration, and thus description thereof is omitted.

（コンポスト製造方法）
次に、図６に基づいて、本発明のコンポスト製造方法の一例について説明する。 (Compost manufacturing method)
Next, an example of the compost manufacturing method of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG.

図６において、１００はコンポスト製造装置本体である。コンポスト製造装置本体１００の形態は特に限定されず、方形状又は円筒状のいずれでもよい。   In FIG. 6, 100 is a compost manufacturing apparatus main body. The form of the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 100 is not particularly limited, and may be either rectangular or cylindrical.

コンポスト製造装置本体１００の内部には所定高さの仕切り壁１０１、１０２によって画定された一次発酵槽１０３、１０４、二次発酵槽１０５を配置している。   Inside the compost production apparatus main body 100, primary fermentation tanks 103 and 104 and a secondary fermentation tank 105 defined by partition walls 101 and 102 having a predetermined height are arranged.

仕切り壁１０１、１０２の高さは、一次発酵槽１０３、１０４、二次発酵槽１０５の容量、滞留日数等により決定される。一次発酵槽１０３、１０４、二次発酵槽１０５の各々の数は図示の数に限定されない。   The height of the partition walls 101 and 102 is determined by the capacity of the primary fermentation tanks 103 and 104 and the secondary fermentation tank 105, the number of days of residence, and the like. The numbers of primary fermenters 103 and 104 and secondary fermenters 105 are not limited to the numbers shown.

一次発酵槽１０３の底部には、所謂デッドスペースをなくしてコンポストの嫌気化を防止するために傾斜部１０６が設けられ、コンポスト製造装置本体１００の下方は円錐状又は角錐状に形成されることが好ましい。一次発酵槽１０４の底部にも、同様に傾斜部１０７が設けられ、二次発酵槽１０５の底部にも、同様に傾斜部１０８が設けられる。   An inclined portion 106 is provided at the bottom of the primary fermenter 103 in order to eliminate so-called dead space and prevent anaerobic formation of compost, and the lower part of the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 100 may be formed in a conical shape or a pyramid shape. preferable. An inclined portion 107 is similarly provided at the bottom of the primary fermenter 104, and an inclined portion 108 is similarly provided at the bottom of the secondary fermenter 105.

傾斜部１０６、１０７、１０８の下方には空間部１０９、１１０、１１１が形成され、空間部１０９、１１０、１１１には各々ヒーター１１２、１１３、１１４が設けられている。ヒーター１１２、１１３、１１４は傾斜部１０６、１０７、１０８の裏面に固着しておくと熱伝導効果が向上して好ましい。   Space portions 109, 110, and 111 are formed below the inclined portions 106, 107, and 108, and heaters 112, 113, and 114 are provided in the space portions 109, 110, and 111, respectively. It is preferable that the heaters 112, 113, and 114 are fixed to the back surfaces of the inclined portions 106, 107, and 108 because the heat conduction effect is improved.

本態様において、ヒーター１１２、１１３、１１４をコンポスト原料と直接接触しないように配置すると、ヒーター１１２、１１３、１１４の異常過熱による不測の火災発生を防止出来る。   In this embodiment, if the heaters 112, 113, 114 are arranged so as not to come into direct contact with the compost raw material, an unexpected fire due to abnormal overheating of the heaters 112, 113, 114 can be prevented.

１１５はコンポスト製造装置本体１００の上部に設けられるコンポスト原料の導入口である。１１６はコンポスト製造装置本体１００の上部に設けられる排気口であり、導入口１１５とは離れた位置に形成される。排気口１１６には自動開閉弁１１７が設けられている。   Reference numeral 115 denotes a compost raw material inlet provided in the upper part of the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 100. Reference numeral 116 denotes an exhaust port provided in the upper part of the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 100, and is formed at a position away from the introduction port 115. An automatic opening / closing valve 117 is provided at the exhaust port 116.

なお図示しないが、コンポスト原料の導入口１１５にもコンポスト原料の導入を制御するための自動開閉弁を設けることも好ましい。コンポスト原料の導入の制御は、一次発酵槽１０３、１０４の原料界面信号をトリガーとすることが出来る。   Although not shown, it is also preferable to provide an automatic opening / closing valve for controlling the introduction of the compost raw material at the compost raw material inlet 115. Control of introduction of the compost raw material can be triggered by the raw material interface signal of the primary fermenters 103 and 104.

一次発酵槽１０３、１０４の底部には、空気を導入するための１又は２以上の空気供給管１１８、１１９が各々配設され、圧力空気供給の為のコンプレッサー（図示せず）及び加温空気供給の為の送風機（図示せず）に接続されている。   At the bottom of the primary fermenters 103 and 104, one or more air supply pipes 118 and 119 for introducing air are respectively disposed, and a compressor (not shown) and heated air for supplying pressurized air are provided. It is connected to a blower (not shown) for supply.

なお、空気供給管の本数は格別図示に限定されるわけでなく、送風量や送風圧等に応じて適宜増加することが出来る。また空気供給管１１８、１１９から空気供給口１２０、１２１を介して供給される加温空気は温度制御可能に構成されることが好ましく、良好なコンポストを製造する上では図示しないヒーターによって加熱された空気が供給されるように制御されることが好ましい。   Note that the number of air supply pipes is not limited to that shown in the drawings, and can be increased as appropriate according to the amount of air blown or the pressure of air blow. Further, the heated air supplied from the air supply pipes 118 and 119 via the air supply ports 120 and 121 is preferably configured to be temperature-controllable, and is heated by a heater (not shown) in order to produce a good compost. It is preferable to be controlled so that air is supplied.

二次発酵槽１０５の底部にも同様に、空気を導入するための１又は２以上の空気供給管１２２が配設され、圧力空気供給の為のコンプレッサー（図示せず）及び加温空気供給の為の送風機（図示せず）に接続されている。また空気供給管１２２から空気供給口１２３を介して供給される加温空気は温度制御可能に構成されることが好ましく、良好なコンポストを製造する上では図示しないヒーターによって加熱された空気が供給されるように制御されることが好ましい。   Similarly, at the bottom of the secondary fermenter 105, one or more air supply pipes 122 for introducing air are disposed, and a compressor (not shown) for supplying pressurized air and heated air supply are provided. Connected to a blower (not shown). The heated air supplied from the air supply pipe 122 through the air supply port 123 is preferably configured to be temperature-controllable, and air manufactured by a heater (not shown) is supplied to manufacture good compost. It is preferable to be controlled in such a manner.

本発明のコンポスト製造方法の一態様において、一次発酵槽１０３、１０４と二次発酵槽１０５の両方において、空気供給口１２０、１２１あるいは１２３から圧力空気を供給してコンポスト原料を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状のコンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程とを有することを特徴とする。   In one aspect of the method for producing compost of the present invention, in both the primary fermenters 103 and 104 and the secondary fermenter 105, a step of supplying pressurized air from the air supply ports 120, 121 or 123 to float the compost raw material in a layered manner And a step of destroying the layer of the layered compost raw material.

コンポスト原料を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状のコンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程に関しては、前述の図１〜図５において説明した方法を採用できる。   With respect to the step of floating the compost raw material in layers and the step of destroying the layer of the layered compost raw material, the method described with reference to FIGS.

図６の一次発酵槽１０３、１０４にコンポスト原料Ａを導入口１１５から受け入れる。受け入れ終了後は導入口１１５を閉める。受け入れた時点では図１の状態にある。この図１の状態で、空気供給管口１２０、１２１から圧力空気を供給する。   The compost raw material A is received from the inlet 115 into the primary fermenters 103 and 104 in FIG. After the acceptance is completed, the introduction port 115 is closed. At the time of acceptance, it is in the state of FIG. In the state of FIG. 1, pressurized air is supplied from the air supply pipe ports 120 and 121.

圧力空気が供給されると、コンポスト製造装置本体１内のコンポスト原料Ａは層状に浮遊する（図２参照）。図２に示すように、コンポスト原料Ａを層状に浮遊させるには、空気供給口１２０、１２１から供給される空気の流速を制御することによって可能となる。   When pressurized air is supplied, the compost raw material A in the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 1 floats in layers (see FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 2, the compost raw material A can be floated in layers by controlling the flow rate of the air supplied from the air supply ports 120 and 121.

制御方法は、図５に示すように、空気供給開始から時間ｔ１までの間にコンポスト製造装置本体１における流速をｖ１まで増加させる。この流速がｖ１になるまではコンポスト原料は層状に浮遊している。 As shown in FIG. 5, the control method increases the flow rate in the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 1 to v 1 between the start of air supply and time t 1 . Until the flow velocity is v 1 composting material are suspended in layers.

本発明の制御において、時間ｔ１は２〜３ｓｅｃ程度が好ましく、ｖ１は１．５〜２ｍ３／ｍ２／ｓｅｃが好ましい。 In the control of the present invention, the time t 1 is preferably about 2 to 3 seconds, and v 1 is preferably 1.5 to 2 m 3 / m 2 / sec.

上記の時間ｔ１を越えると、流速はｖ１のまま維持するが、コンポスト原料の層は破壊され、図３の状態になる。図３はコンポスト原料が中央部で層破壊された状態を示している。この図３に示す状態（層破壊状態）で、流速ｖ1で空気が供給されると、この加温空気は切返しに寄与する。好気性微生物の活発な活動を支援する意味でも切返しは重要である。 Beyond the time t 1 of the above will be maintained in the flow rate v 1, a layer of compost material is destroyed, the state of FIG. FIG. 3 shows a state in which the compost raw material has been destroyed in the center. In the state shown in FIG. 3 (layer destruction state), when air is supplied at a flow velocity v 1 , the heated air contributes to turning. Cutting back is also important to support the active activities of aerobic microorganisms.

また切返し強度はコンポスト原料がコンポスト製造装置本体１の上部天井に衝突しない範囲で任意に決定される。   Further, the turning strength is arbitrarily determined within a range in which the compost raw material does not collide with the upper ceiling of the compost manufacturing apparatus main body 1.

所定時間切返しを行った後、圧力空気供給を停止し、加温空気の連続的供給により乾燥・熟成を行う。この切返しと熟成を交互に行う。   After turning over for a predetermined time, the supply of pressurized air is stopped, and drying and aging are performed by continuous supply of heated air. This turning and aging are performed alternately.

本発明では、一次発酵槽１０４においても同様に切返しと熟成を行うことにより、そして好気性微生物の作用（反応）により一次発酵が行われる。   In the present invention, primary fermentation is performed also in the primary fermenter 104 by performing turnover and ripening in the same manner and by the action (reaction) of aerobic microorganisms.

二つの一次発酵槽１０３、１０４の間の仕切壁１０１は低いので、爆発的な層破壊が起こると、一次発酵槽１０３の原料の一部は一次発酵槽１０４に移送され、その逆に一次発酵槽１０４の原料の一部は一次発酵槽１０３に移送され、互いに混合する現象が起きるため槽毎の熟成偏差は生じない。   Since the partition wall 101 between the two primary fermenters 103 and 104 is low, when explosive layer destruction occurs, a part of the raw material of the primary fermenter 103 is transferred to the primary fermenter 104 and vice versa. Part of the raw material in the tank 104 is transferred to the primary fermentation tank 103 and mixed with each other, so that no aging deviation occurs for each tank.

一次発酵槽１０４の原料は、爆発的な層破壊によって、一部は二次発酵槽１０５に送られる。二次発酵槽１０５においては一次発酵槽１０４の半熟堆肥を完熟堆肥にする。なお、二次発酵槽１０５に送られた分は一次発酵槽１０３、１０４で減量しているので、その分を導入口１１５から原料補給することも好ましい。   A part of the raw material of the primary fermenter 104 is sent to the secondary fermenter 105 due to explosive layer destruction. In the secondary fermenter 105, the semi-mature compost of the primary fermenter 104 is converted into a fully mature compost. In addition, since the amount sent to the secondary fermenter 105 is reduced in the primary fermenters 103 and 104, it is also preferable to replenish the raw material from the inlet 115.

二次発酵槽１０５においても、前述の一次発酵槽１０３、１０４におけると同様に、層浮遊と層破壊により、好気性微生物の反応を良好な状態に維持し、切返し、熟成を繰り返し行う。これにより完熟堆肥が得られる。   In the secondary fermenter 105, as in the above-described primary fermenters 103 and 104, the reaction of the aerobic microorganisms is maintained in a good state by layer floating and layer destruction, and the reversal and ripening are repeated. As a result, fully-ripened compost is obtained.

本発明で得られる完熟堆肥は、層浮遊と層破壊の効果的な組み合わせによって、塊ができにくい。   The fully matured compost obtained by the present invention is less likely to be clumped due to an effective combination of layer floating and layer destruction.

また層浮遊後に層破壊を行っているので、空気が十分に行き渡るので、嫌気化するおそれがない。また槽低部の傾斜構造を付加すると、デッドスペースがないので更に嫌気化防止に寄与する。   In addition, since layer destruction is performed after the layer is floated, air is sufficiently distributed, so there is no fear of anaerobicization. In addition, the addition of an inclined structure at the bottom of the tank further contributes to prevention of anaerobic formation because there is no dead space.

また本発明より得られる完熟堆肥の含水率は１０％程度であるが、そのような含水率でも粒状を維持できる。即ち本発明の方法では、層破壊を採用しても、堆肥原料を装置本体１００の天井壁まで衝突させないので、粉状にならない。衝突させると堆肥は粉状になることは本発明者が実験確認している。従って、粒状を維持しているので、製品取出口１２４から製品としてコンポストを取り出し袋詰めする際に、袋詰め作業がスムーズに行える効果がある。   Moreover, although the moisture content of the fully matured compost obtained from this invention is about 10%, granularity can be maintained even with such moisture content. That is, in the method of the present invention, even if layer destruction is adopted, the compost raw material does not collide with the ceiling wall of the apparatus main body 100, so that it does not become powdery. The inventor has experimentally confirmed that compost becomes powdery when collided. Accordingly, since the granularity is maintained, there is an effect that the bagging operation can be smoothly performed when compost is taken out as a product from the product outlet 124 and packed in a bag.

次に、本発明において、コンポスト製造の際の臭気防止対策について説明する。   Next, in the present invention, measures for preventing odor during compost production will be described.

本発明では、図６の装置を用いてコンポストを製造する際に、原料によっては、コンポスト化反応において、メチルメルカプタンなどの硫黄化合物、メチルアミン類などの窒素化合物及び酢酸、プロピオン酸などの低級脂肪酸等が生成される場合がある。   In the present invention, when compost is produced using the apparatus of FIG. 6, depending on the raw material, in the composting reaction, sulfur compounds such as methyl mercaptan, nitrogen compounds such as methylamines, and lower fatty acids such as acetic acid and propionic acid are used. May be generated.

本発明では、上記の図２の浮遊層形成状態から図３の層破壊状態に至る過程で、コンポスト原料から水分（ミスト）が蒸発し、そのミストの中に臭気成分を含む場合には、その臭気成分を収集除去する。   In the present invention, in the process from the floating layer formation state of FIG. 2 to the layer destruction state of FIG. 3, when moisture (mist) evaporates from the compost raw material and the mist contains an odor component, Collect and remove odor components.

本発明における好ましい態様としては、排気口１１６に設けた自動開閉弁１１７を作動させて、排気口１１６から臭気成分を排出し、別途処理する方法を採用でき、更に好ましくは、層状のコンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程の終了後に自動開閉弁１１７を閉状態から開状態に変更することによる臭気成分を効果的に除去出来る。   As a preferred embodiment in the present invention, a method of exhausting the odor component from the exhaust port 116 by operating the automatic opening / closing valve 117 provided at the exhaust port 116 and separately treating it can be adopted. The odor component by changing the automatic on-off valve 117 from a closed state to an open state after the process of destroying a layer can be effectively removed.

図５の例で説明すると、時間ｔ１後にはコンポスト原料の層が破壊させる工程が開始するので、時間ｔ１経過後に自動開閉弁１１７を閉状態から開状態に変更すればよい。 In the example case shown in FIG. 5, the layer of compost material after time t 1 starts step of breakdown, the automatic opening and closing valve 117 may be changed from a closed state to an open state to a time t 1 after the lapse.

本態様において、コンポスト原料は、下水処理場や農村集落排水処理場などから発生した汚泥を脱水した脱水汚泥、コンポスト化過程で得られる半熟堆肥、その他コンポスト原料となる物質（例えば炊事場から出る野菜・魚介などのくずのような家庭厨芥や産業厨芥、農産物芥、動物糞芥などの生物有機性廃棄物など）などが挙げられる。   In this embodiment, the compost raw material is dehydrated sludge obtained by dewatering sludge generated from a sewage treatment plant or a rural village wastewater treatment plant, semi-mature compost obtained in the composting process, and other substances that serve as compost raw materials (for example, vegetables from a kitchen)・ Residential household waste such as seafood, industrial waste, agricultural products, and biological organic waste such as animal manure).

更に、本態様において、一次発酵槽１０４と二次発酵槽１０５の間の仕切壁１０２の上部には、高さと角度を変更可能なガイド１０２Ａを設けることも出来る。かかるガイド１０２Ａによって、一次発酵槽１０４の堆肥を二次発酵槽１０５に移行させる量を制御できるし、また二次発酵槽１０５の完熟堆肥が一次発酵槽１０４に逆流するのを防止できる。   Furthermore, in this embodiment, a guide 102A capable of changing the height and angle can be provided on the upper part of the partition wall 102 between the primary fermenter 104 and the secondary fermenter 105. The amount of the compost transferred from the primary fermenter 104 to the secondary fermenter 105 can be controlled by the guide 102 </ b> A, and the ripe compost of the secondary fermenter 105 can be prevented from flowing back to the primary fermenter 104.

含水物の乾燥方法を実施する装置の一例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which implements the drying method of a hydrated material 含水物の乾燥方法を実施する装置の一例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which implements the drying method of a hydrated material 含水物の乾燥方法を実施する装置の一例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which implements the drying method of a hydrated material 含水物の乾燥方法を実施する装置の一例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows an example of the apparatus which implements the drying method of a hydrated material 供給空気の制御方法の一例を示す図The figure which shows an example of the control method of supply air 本発明のコンポスト製造方法の一例を示す断面図Sectional drawing which shows an example of the compost manufacturing method of this invention

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１：乾燥槽
１０：傾斜部
１１：空間部
１２：ヒーター
２：導入口
３：排気口
４：自動開閉弁
５：空気供給管
５０：空気供給口
１００：コンポスト製造装置本体
１０１、１０２：仕切り壁
１０３、１０４：一次発酵槽
１０５：二次発酵槽
１０６、１０７、１０８：傾斜部
１０９、１１０、１１１：空間部
１１２、１１３、１１４：ヒーター
１１５：導入口
１１６：排気口
１１７：自動開閉弁
１１８、１１９：空気供給管
１２０、１２１：空気供給口
１２２：空気供給管
１２３：空気供給口
１０２Ａ：ガイド DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Drying tank 10: Inclination part 11: Space part 12: Heater 2: Inlet port 3: Exhaust port 4: Automatic on-off valve 5: Air supply pipe 50: Air supply port 100: Compost manufacturing apparatus main body 101, 102: Partition wall 103, 104: Primary fermenter 105: Secondary fermenter 106, 107, 108: Inclined part 109, 110, 111: Space part 112, 113, 114: Heater 115: Inlet port 116: Exhaust port 117: Automatic on-off valve 118 119: Air supply pipe 120, 121: Air supply port 122: Air supply pipe 123: Air supply port 102A: Guide

Claims (4)

上部に含水物を導入する導入口と排気口を備え、下方に空気供給口を備えた乾燥槽内で含水物を乾燥する方法において、
前記空気供給口から圧力空気を供給して前記含水物を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状の含水物の層を破壊させる工程とを有することを特徴とする含水物の乾燥方法。 In the method of drying the hydrated material in a drying tank having an inlet and an exhaust port for introducing the hydrated material in the upper part and an air supply port in the lower part,
A method for drying a hydrated product, comprising the steps of: supplying pressurized air from the air supply port to float the hydrated product in a layer; and destroying a layer of the layered hydrated product. 排気口に自動開閉弁を設け、該自動開閉弁を層状の含水物の層を破壊させる工程の開始後に閉状態から開状態に変更することを特徴とする請求項１記載の含水物の乾燥方法。   The method for drying a hydrous material according to claim 1, wherein an automatic on-off valve is provided at the exhaust port, and the automatic on-off valve is changed from a closed state to an open state after the start of the step of breaking the layered layer of the hydrous material. . 上部にコンポスト原料の投入口と排気口を備え、内部には所定高さの仕切り壁によって画定された一次発酵槽と二次発酵槽を少なくとも配置してなり、該一次発酵槽と二次発酵槽の下方には空気供給口を備えたコンポスト製造装置において、
前記空気供給口から圧力空気を供給して前記コンポスト原料を層状に浮遊させる工程と、層状のコンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程とを有することを特徴とするコンポスト製造方法。 A compost raw material inlet and exhaust port are provided at the top, and at least a primary fermenter and a secondary fermenter defined by a partition wall of a predetermined height are arranged inside the primary fermenter and the secondary fermenter. In the compost manufacturing apparatus with an air supply port below,
A compost manufacturing method comprising: supplying pressurized air from the air supply port to float the compost raw material in layers; and destroying a layer of the layered compost raw materials. 排気口に自動開閉弁を設け、該自動開閉弁を層状の前記コンポスト原料の層を破壊させる工程の開始後に閉状態から開状態に変更することを特徴とする請求項３記載のコンポスト製造方法。   4. The compost manufacturing method according to claim 3, wherein an automatic open / close valve is provided at an exhaust port, and the automatic open / close valve is changed from a closed state to an open state after the start of the step of destroying the layered compost raw material layer.
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CN113606873B (en) * 2021-10-08 2021-12-10 海门科创医药研发有限公司 Biodegradable plastic granules is with convection type desicator

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