JP2006187230A - Method for producing brown rice koji and method for producing vinegar using the same brown rice koji - Google Patents

Method for producing brown rice koji and method for producing vinegar using the same brown rice koji Download PDF

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JP2006187230A
JP2006187230A JP2005000930A JP2005000930A JP2006187230A JP 2006187230 A JP2006187230 A JP 2006187230A JP 2005000930 A JP2005000930 A JP 2005000930A JP 2005000930 A JP2005000930 A JP 2005000930A JP 2006187230 A JP2006187230 A JP 2006187230A
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brown rice
vinegar
koji
rice bran
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JP4723256B2 (en
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Yasushi Ogasawara
靖 小笠原
Yoshiaki Otsuji
吉彰 大辻
Hirofumi Akano
裕文 赤野
Kazuyuki Kamibayashi
和幸 上林
Masahiko Nakamura
雅彦 中村
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Mizkan Group Corp
Mizkan Co Ltd
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Mizkan Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a brown rice koji having excellent nutrient ingredients of the brown rice, containing citric acid imparting refreshing sourness to vinegar at a high concentration with a low content of oxalic acid and to further provide the vinegar, especially brown rice black vinegar improving the flavor without forming crystalline precipitates of an oxalate by using the koji. <P>SOLUTION: The brown rice koji in which an acid-producing koji mold is inoculated into the brown rice is produced. In the production, the objective brown rice koji can be produced by keeping the moisture content at 40-50% for ≥12 h after the citric acid acidity of the koji becomes ≥1% (a numerical value expressed in terms of 10% moisture content stage). The vinegar, especially the brown rice black vinegar can be produced by using the koji thus produced. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、玄米を麹原料として、これに生酸性麹菌を培養した玄米麹の製造方法と、該玄米麹を用いた食酢の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a method for producing brown rice bran obtained by culturing raw acid koji molds on brown rice as a raw material, and a method for producing vinegar using the brown rice bran.

玄米を原料とする麹は、玄米の表面部分が持つ豊かなミネラル・蛋白等の栄養分や独特な風味を、醸造食品に付与することを目的に従来より検討されている(例えば特許文献1参照)が、それらの醸造食品には通常、非生酸性の黄麹が用いられている。生酸性麹は多量のクエン酸を麹中に含み、腐敗しにくいため、温暖な地で製造される焼酎や泡盛の製造に用いられるが、通常は白米を原料とする。また、焼酎、泡盛以外の醸造食品にもクエン酸の爽快な酸味を付与するため、通常用いられる黄麹の代わりに生酸性麹を用いることが種々提案されている。例示すると食酢(例えば特許文献2参照)、みりん(例えば特許文献3、4参照)、日本酒(例えば特許文献5参照)等である。   Rice bran made from brown rice has been studied for the purpose of imparting nutrients such as rich minerals and proteins and a unique flavor of the surface portion of brown rice to brewed foods (see, for example, Patent Document 1). However, non-bioacidic jaundice is usually used for those brewed foods. Raw acidic rice bran contains a large amount of citric acid in the rice bran and is not easily spoiled. Therefore, it is used for the production of shochu and awamori produced in a warm area, but usually uses white rice as a raw material. In addition, in order to impart a refreshing sour taste of citric acid to brewed foods other than shochu and awamori, various proposals have been made to use raw acid koji instead of commonly used yellow koji. Illustrative examples include vinegar (see, for example, Patent Document 2), mirin (see, for example, Patent Documents 3 and 4), and sake (see, for example, Patent Document 5).

一方、近年、酢を飲料として摂取することが広まり、中でも玄米黒酢は玄米特有の豊かな栄養成分を有するため特に人気が高くなっている。しかしながら、玄米黒酢は特有のクセのある味、香りを有するためにその改善が望まれていた。   On the other hand, in recent years, the consumption of vinegar as a beverage has become widespread, and brown rice black vinegar is particularly popular because of its rich nutritional components unique to brown rice. However, since brown rice black vinegar has a peculiar taste and aroma, its improvement has been desired.

発明者らは従来技術を応用し、玄米に生酸性麹菌を培養した麹を用いることで、玄米黒酢の風味を改善して、さらに飲用に適した品質とすることを検討した。しかし、従来知られた方法で生酸性玄米麹を製造した場合、クエン酸を豊富に含む麹ができてもその麹はシュウ酸を多量に含んでしまうことが判明した。シュウ酸はほうれん草やたけのこのアク成分として知られ、多量に摂取すると体内結石の原因となるため、食品中に多量に含むことは好ましくない。またシュウ酸を多量に含む生酸性玄米麹を食酢製造に用いたところ、クエン酸により風味が改善されるものの、保管中にシュウ酸塩の結晶沈殿が生じる悪影響があることが判明し、シュウ酸含有量の少ない生酸性玄米麹の製造が望まれた。
特開昭53−18798号公報 特開昭53−88396号公報 特開昭57−105183号公報 特開2004−180567号公報 特開2002−238542号公報
The inventors applied the conventional technology and studied to improve the flavor of brown rice black vinegar by using a koji cultivated with raw acid koji molds in brown rice, and to further improve the quality suitable for drinking. However, it has been found that when raw acid brown rice bran is produced by a conventionally known method, even if a rice bran rich in citric acid is produced, the rice bran contains a large amount of oxalic acid. Oxalic acid is known as an ingredient of spinach and bamboo shoots, and if it is ingested in a large amount, it causes calculus in the body, so it is not preferable to contain it in food. In addition, when raw acidic brown rice bran containing a large amount of oxalic acid was used for vinegar production, it was found that citric acid improves the flavor, but there is an adverse effect of oxalate crystal precipitation during storage. Production of raw acidic brown rice bran with low content was desired.
JP-A-53-18798 JP-A-53-88396 JP-A-57-105183 JP 2004-180567 A JP 2002-238542 A

本発明の課題は玄米の優れた栄養成分を有し、食酢に爽快な酸味を与えることのできるクエン酸を高濃度に含有し、シュウ酸含有量の少ない玄米麹を提供することである。さらに本発明の課題はその麹を用いることにより風味が改善され、シュウ酸塩の結晶沈殿を生じない食酢、特に玄米黒酢を提供することである。玄米黒酢とは玄米および玄米麹のみを澱粉質原料として用いた食酢で、米黒酢の基準を満たすように玄米の使用量が180g/L以上で、かつ、発酵及び熟成によって褐色又は黒褐色に着色したもののことである。玄米はもともとシュウ酸を含有しており、玄米の使用量が高い玄米黒酢ではシュウ酸塩の沈殿が生じやすい。そのため特に玄米黒酢に使用する玄米麹はシュウ酸含有量の低いことが望まれる。   An object of the present invention is to provide brown rice bran having an excellent nutritional component of brown rice, containing citric acid at a high concentration and capable of giving a refreshing sour taste to vinegar and having a low oxalic acid content. A further object of the present invention is to provide a vinegar, particularly brown rice black vinegar, which has a flavor improved by using the koji and does not cause oxalate crystal precipitation. Brown rice black vinegar is a vinegar using only brown rice and brown rice bran as starchy raw materials, the amount of brown rice used is 180 g / L or more so as to meet the standard of rice black vinegar, and brown or black brown by fermentation and aging It is colored. Brown rice originally contains oxalic acid, and brown rice black vinegar, where the amount of brown rice used is high, tends to cause precipitation of oxalate. Therefore, it is desirable that the brown rice bran used for brown rice black vinegar has a low oxalic acid content.

なお、白米を原料として生酸性麹を製造した場合はシュウ酸はほとんど含有されなかった。また、黄麹を玄米を原料として製造した場合もシュウ酸含有量は少なく、問題となるレベルではなかった。したがってシュウ酸含有量の少ない麹を製造することは玄米に生酸性麹菌を培養した場合に限定されたこの技術分野における特有の課題である。   In addition, when raw acid koji was produced using white rice as a raw material, oxalic acid was hardly contained. In addition, when jaundice was produced using brown rice as a raw material, the content of oxalic acid was small, and it was not a problem level. Therefore, producing koji having a low oxalic acid content is a particular problem in this technical field, which is limited to the case where raw acid koji molds are cultured on brown rice.

発明者らは、上記の課題を解決すべく鋭意検討を重ね、生酸性玄米麹の製麹中の水分や温度を調整することで目的の麹が得られること見出し本発明を完成した。   The inventors have intensively studied to solve the above-mentioned problems, and found that the target rice bran can be obtained by adjusting the water content and temperature in the raw acid brown rice koji making, and thus completed the present invention.

すなわち、請求項1記載の本発明は、玄米に生酸性麹菌を接種した玄米麹の製造において、麹のクエン酸酸度0.8%以上、好ましくは1%(水分10%時に換算した数値)以上になった後に、8時間以上、好ましくは12時間以上を水分40〜50%に保持することを特徴とするものである。請求項2記載の本発明は、請求項1記載の麹の製造において、製麹開始後20〜30時間後に麹品温を25〜30℃として25〜90時間保持することを特徴とするものである。請求項3および4記載の本発明は、請求項1または2に記載された麹を用いて食酢、特に玄米黒酢を製造することを特徴とするものであり、更には、これらの方法で製造してなる、クエン酸含有量が高く、シュウ酸含有量は低いことを特徴とする食酢自体にも関するものである。   That is, according to the present invention of claim 1, in the production of brown rice bran obtained by inoculating brown acid rice with raw acid gonococcus, the citric acidity of the bran is 0.8% or more, preferably 1% (a value converted to 10% moisture) or more. After that, the water content is kept at 40 to 50% for 8 hours or more, preferably 12 hours or more. The present invention according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in the manufacture of the koji according to claim 1, the koji product temperature is kept at 25 to 30 ° C. for 25 to 90 hours 20 to 30 hours after the start of koji making. is there. The present invention according to claims 3 and 4 is characterized in that vinegar, particularly brown rice black vinegar, is produced using the koji described in claim 1 or 2, and further produced by these methods. Thus, the present invention also relates to vinegar itself, which has a high citric acid content and a low oxalic acid content.

なお、本明細書において、麹のクエン酸酸度、水分、シュウ酸含有量は重量/重量%または重量/重量ppmで表し、食酢のクエン酸濃度、シュウ酸濃度は重量/体積mg%、重量/体積ppmで表した。   In the present specification, the citric acidity, water content, and oxalic acid content of koji are expressed by weight / weight% or weight / weight ppm, and the citric acid concentration and oxalic acid concentration of vinegar are weight / volume mg%, weight / weight. Expressed in ppm by volume.

麹の酸度は国税庁所定分析法に従い測定し、酸度(ml)をクエン酸相当酸度に換算したものである。また水分含量の違いで酸度は異なってくるので、その影響をなくすため麹水分が10%の場合に換算して示している。この換算に従った場合、水分10%酸度10mlの麹のクエン酸酸度は3.2%になる。   The acidity of soot is measured according to the National Tax Agency prescribed analysis method, and the acidity (ml) is converted to citric acid equivalent acidity. In addition, since the acidity varies depending on the water content, in order to eliminate the influence, the conversion is shown when the water content is 10%. When this conversion is followed, the citric acidity of a 10 ml water 10% acidity salmon will be 3.2%.

本発明の方法により、シュウ酸含有量が低く、クエン酸含有量の高い玄米麹が提供され、該玄米麹を用いて、飲用に適し、保管中にシュウ酸塩の結晶沈殿のない食酢、特に玄米黒酢を提供することができる。   By the method of the present invention, brown rice bran having a low oxalic acid content and a high citric acid content is provided, and the brown rice bran is suitable for drinking and has no oxalate crystal precipitation during storage. Brown rice black vinegar can be provided.

以下、本発明を詳細に説明する。
本発明における玄米の形状は特に限定されないが、2分割〜粉状に破砕処理を施すことが好ましい。破砕の方法は通常の方法でよく、限定されない。玄米の表皮部分には麹菌は極めて成育しにくいが、破砕処理をした断面には旺盛に生育できるため、クエン酸を高濃度に含有する玄米麹を得るためには玄米の破砕処理を施すことが好ましい。
Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail.
Although the shape of the brown rice in this invention is not specifically limited, It is preferable to perform a crushing process in 2 divisions-a powder form. The crushing method may be a normal method and is not limited. Although the koji mold is extremely difficult to grow on the epidermis part of brown rice, it can grow vigorously on the section that has been crushed, so to obtain a brown rice koji containing a high concentration of citric acid, the brown rice should be crushed preferable.

玄米は通常吸水、蒸煮、冷却の各処理をした後、種麹を接種する。吸水、蒸煮、冷却の方法は特に限定されないが、製麹開始時の玄米の水分は30〜40%であることが好ましい。30%以下の場合は水分不足により麹菌の成育が悪く、40%以上の場合は玄米には雑菌が多く付着しているため、製麹開始後に雑菌汚染される可能性が高くなるためである。玄米は水に浸漬する時間が十分長い場合は水分が45%程度までにもなってしまうため、蒸煮後水分を30〜40%にするためには吸水時に、限定量の水分を玄米に撒水吸水させる方法、吸水時間を調整する方法等を実施する必要がある。蒸煮後水分が30%以下の場合は蒸煮後あるいは種麹接種後に撒水処理をして水分を30〜40%に調整してもよい。   Brown rice is usually inoculated with seed meal after water absorption, steaming, and cooling. Although the method of water absorption, cooking, and cooling is not specifically limited, It is preferable that the water | moisture content of the brown rice at the time of a koji start is 30 to 40%. If it is 30% or less, the growth of koji molds is poor due to lack of water, and if it is 40% or more, many germs are attached to brown rice, so that there is a high possibility that they will be contaminated after the start of koji making. When brown rice is soaked in water for a long time, the water content can be as low as 45%. Therefore, in order to reduce the water content after cooking to 30-40%, a limited amount of water is absorbed in the brown rice during water absorption. It is necessary to implement a method for adjusting the water absorption time and the like. When the water content after cooking is 30% or less, the water content may be adjusted to 30 to 40% by steaming after steaming or after inoculation with the seeds.

また、玄米を蒸煮してα化させる代わりに焙煎処理してα化したものを用いることも可能である。この場合製麹開始時の水分を30〜40%程度にするためには焙煎した玄米に必要な水分量を撒水し吸水させればよい。   Moreover, it is also possible to use the thing which carried out the roasting process and gelatinized instead of steaming and gelatinizing brown rice. In this case, in order to reduce the moisture at the start of koji making to about 30 to 40%, the amount of water necessary for roasted brown rice should be submerged and absorbed.

本発明において使用する種麹菌はクエン酸生産能を有する白麹菌(例えば、Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii、Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii、Aspergillus usamii mut. shirousamii、Aspergillus kawachii等)、黒麹菌(例えばAspergillus awamori等)、などが使用可能である。中でも白麹菌は黒麹菌に比べて、香りが好ましく、設備洗浄への負荷が小さいことから、白麹菌を用いることが好ましい。これらの種麹菌は市販品を用いることができる。種麹菌の使用量、散布方法は特に限定されず、一般の製麹法での使用量、散布方法にしたがえばよい。種麹菌としては、上記のように市販品が使用できるほか、Aspergillus awamori IFO 4033、Aspergillus kawachii IFO 4308、Aspergillus usamii IFO 6082等の寄託菌も適宜使用可能である。   Aspergillus oryzae used in the present invention has a citric acid-producing ability (eg, Aspergillus awamori var. Kawachii, Aspergillus luchuissis mut. Kawachii, Aspergillus usamii mut. , Etc. can be used. Among these, white koji molds are preferred because they have a fragrance and a smaller load on equipment cleaning than black koji molds. Commercially available products can be used as these seed bacilli. The usage amount and the spraying method of the seed gonococcus are not particularly limited, and may be according to the usage amount and the spraying method in a general koji making method. As the seed gonococcus, commercially available products can be used as described above, and deposits such as Aspergillus awamori IFO 4033, Aspergillus kawachii IFO 4308, and Aspergillus usamii IFO 6082 can also be used as appropriate.

製麹開始時の麹品温は通常通り30〜40℃であればよく、湿度温度を調整した室に盛り込んで製麹を開始する。本発明では生酸性の麹菌が成育し、玄米麹のクエン酸酸度が1%(水分10%時に換算した数値)以上になった後に玄米麹の水分含量を40〜50%として12時間以上保持する処置を取るが、製麹開始後からそれまでの期間の玄米麹水分は30〜40%に保つことが好ましい。30%を下回ると菌の生育が悪いためクエン酸が生産されなくなり、40%を超えると雑菌汚染の危険が高く、またクエン酸生産効率も悪くなるためである。そのため必要に応じて撤水を行い、水分を調整する。撤水回数は任意でよいが、2〜4回/日が適当である。撤水方法はスプレー状のノズルのついた噴霧装置が好ましく、手入れをしながら撤水し麹全体に水分が行き亘るように行う。   The smoked product temperature at the start of the koji making may be 30 to 40 ° C. as usual, and the koji making is started by incorporating it into the chamber in which the humidity temperature is adjusted. In the present invention, a raw acid koji mold grows, and after the citrate degree of the brown rice bran reaches 1% (a value converted to 10% moisture) or more, the water content of the brown rice bran is kept at 40-50% for 12 hours or more. Although measures are taken, it is preferable to keep the brown rice bran moisture from 30 to 40% after the start of koji making. If it is less than 30%, the growth of the bacteria is poor and citric acid is not produced, and if it exceeds 40%, there is a high risk of contamination with bacteria and the citric acid production efficiency is also deteriorated. Therefore, drain water and adjust moisture as necessary. The number of water removals is arbitrary, but 2 to 4 times / day is appropriate. A spraying device with a spray-like nozzle is preferable as the water removal method, and the water is drained while being maintained so that the moisture can spread over the entire basket.

シュウ酸含有量を減少させるためには、麹水分を上昇させればよいことがわかったが、当然のことながら、麹水分を上昇させれば、雑菌の繁殖や腐敗が生じやすくなる。そこで、この点を防止するために本発明者らは、検討、研究の結果、pHの低下に着目し、クエン酸を利用することとした。そして、本発明においては、雑菌の繁殖が防止、抑制できるpHにまでpHを低下させるのであるが、例えば、玄米麹のクエン酸度が0.8%、好ましくは1%(水分10%時に換算した数値)以上になると、玄米麹の水分を40〜50%に上げても、麹のpHが低いため、雑菌が繁殖しにくく、麹水分を上げることが可能となることを見出した。   In order to reduce the oxalic acid content, it has been found that it is sufficient to increase the moisture content of the cocoon, but naturally, if the moisture content of the cocoon is increased, the propagation of bacteria and spoilage are likely to occur. Therefore, in order to prevent this point, the inventors of the present invention have studied and studied, and have decided to use citric acid by paying attention to a decrease in pH. In the present invention, the pH is lowered to a pH at which miscellaneous germs can be prevented and suppressed. For example, the citrate degree of brown rice bran is 0.8%, preferably 1% (converted to 10% moisture). (Numerical value) When it became more than this, even if it raised the water | moisture content of the brown rice bran to 40 to 50%, since the pH of the bran was low, it discovered that miscellaneous bacteria did not propagate easily and it became possible to raise the drought water.

玄米麹水分を40〜50%に調整するタイミングは、クエン酸酸度が0.8%、好ましくは1%(水分10%時に換算した数値)以上となっていれば良く、制限されない。玄米麹水分を40〜50%に保持すると、シュウ酸が減少していき、8時間以上、好ましくは10時間以上、更に好ましくは12時間以上保持することで、シュウ酸含有量が少ない玄米麹を製造することが可能となる。保持時間の上限は、目的とする玄米麹が得られるまでとすればよいが、例えば、36時間程度が一応の目安となるが、24時間程度で充分である。この保持処理は、連続であってもよいし、断続的な時間の合計であってもよい。   The timing of adjusting the brown rice bran moisture to 40 to 50% is not limited as long as the citric acidity is 0.8%, preferably 1% (a numerical value converted when moisture is 10%) or more. When the brown rice bran moisture is kept at 40 to 50%, oxalic acid decreases, and by holding for 8 hours or more, preferably 10 hours or more, more preferably 12 hours or more, brown rice bran having a low oxalic acid content is obtained. It can be manufactured. The upper limit of the retention time may be until the intended brown rice bran is obtained. For example, about 36 hours is a rough indication, but about 24 hours is sufficient. This holding process may be continuous or may be the sum of intermittent times.

水分を40〜50%に上げるためには先に記載した方法と同じく手入れをしながら撒水を実施すればよい。水分が50%を越えると玄米麹はべたべたの状態となり、製麹機での通風、手入れが困難となるため好ましくない。   In order to increase the water content to 40 to 50%, it is sufficient to carry out the flooding while taking care as in the method described above. If the water content exceeds 50%, the brown rice bran is in a sticky state, which makes it difficult to ventilate and maintain the rice bran.

本発明において製麹時の麹品温は菌糸の伸張が十分に進む20〜30時間目までは30〜40℃であり、それ以後は25〜30℃であることが好ましい。25〜30℃の温度はクエン酸生酸効率を高くするためには最適である。品温30℃以上の場合はクエン酸の生産効率が低下するため好ましくなく、25℃以下では白麹菌の活動が低下してやはりクエン酸の産生効率が低下するため好ましくない。25〜30℃での培養時間は特に制限されないが、シュウ酸含有量、クエン酸酸度、麹歩留りの観点から25〜90時間が好ましい。製麹時間が長いと麹菌の活動により麹の固形分が炭酸ガスとなり散逸する割合が大きく歩留りが低下するという問題が生じる。   In the present invention, the koji product temperature at the time of kneading is preferably 30 to 40 ° C. until the 20th to 30th hours when the mycelia are sufficiently stretched, and is preferably 25 to 30 ° C. thereafter. A temperature of 25-30 ° C. is optimal for increasing the citric acid raw acid efficiency. When the product temperature is 30 ° C. or higher, the production efficiency of citric acid is lowered, which is not preferable. The culture time at 25 to 30 ° C. is not particularly limited, but is preferably 25 to 90 hours from the viewpoints of oxalic acid content, citric acid content, and yield. If the time for making the koji is long, there is a problem that the yield of the koji solids is dissipated to carbon dioxide gas due to the activity of koji molds and the yield decreases.

上記の方法により得られる玄米麹中のクエン酸酸度は3%以上(水分10%時に換算した数値)、シュウ酸含有量は400ppm以下(水分10%時に換算した数値)、好ましくは200ppm以下(水分10%時に換算した数値)である。玄米麹中のクエン酸酸度が3%以上(水分10%時に換算した数値)であれば、玄米麹を通常量使用することで玄米黒酢に爽やかな風味を与えることができ、飲用に適した品質にすることができる。シュウ酸含量が400ppm以下(水分10%時に換算した数値)であればシュウ酸塩の結晶沈殿は生じない。   The citrate content in the brown rice bran obtained by the above method is 3% or more (value converted when the moisture is 10%), the oxalic acid content is 400 ppm or less (the value converted when the moisture is 10%), preferably 200 ppm or less (water content) (Value converted at 10%). If the citric acidity in brown rice bran is 3% or more (value converted to 10% moisture), the normal amount of brown rice bran can give brown rice black vinegar a refreshing flavor and is suitable for drinking Can be quality. If the oxalic acid content is 400 ppm or less (the value converted when the water content is 10%), oxalate crystal precipitation does not occur.

また、シュウ酸含量が200ppm以下(水分10%時に換算した数値)になれば、玄米のシュウ酸含有量(100〜200ppm程度)と同程度であり、生酸性玄米麹を通常よりはるかに多く用い、生酸性玄米麹をクエン酸源および酵素源としてだけでなく澱粉質原料としても用いることで、クエン酸を多量に含む食酢を製造した場合でもシュウ酸塩の結晶沈殿を生じないため、さらに好ましい。   Moreover, if the oxalic acid content is 200 ppm or less (the value converted when the water content is 10%), it is the same as the oxalic acid content of brown rice (about 100 to 200 ppm), and much more raw raw brown rice bran is used than usual. Furthermore, by using raw acidic brown rice bran not only as a citric acid source and an enzyme source but also as a starch raw material, even when producing vinegar containing a large amount of citric acid, oxalate crystal precipitation does not occur. .

本発明によれば、クエン酸酸度が3%以上、更には3.5%以上の玄米麹を製造することができ、実施例からも明らかなように、例えば4%以上、具体的には4.5%以上、4.6〜6.4%の範囲が例示されており、6.5%以上、例えば7%の玄米麹も充分に期待できる。   According to the present invention, brown rice bran having a citric acidity of 3% or more, further 3.5% or more can be produced. As is clear from the examples, for example, 4% or more, specifically 4 A range of 0.5% or more and 4.6 to 6.4% is exemplified, and a brown rice bran of 6.5% or more, for example, 7% can be sufficiently expected.

また、シュウ酸含有量については、480ppm以下、例えば400ppm以下とすることができ、実施例からも明らかなように、更に具体的には300ppm以下、200ppm以下、100ppm以下、50ppm以下、30ppm以下に低減できることが示されており、更には、検出不能(N.D.)の場合も確認されている。   The oxalic acid content can be 480 ppm or less, for example, 400 ppm or less, and more specifically, 300 ppm or less, 200 ppm or less, 100 ppm or less, 50 ppm or less, 30 ppm or less, as is clear from the examples. It has been shown that it can be reduced, and further, it has been confirmed that detection is impossible (ND).

本発明の条件で45〜120時間の培養を終えた玄米麹は出麹前に送風乾燥を行い、水分を10%程度まで低下させると麹の保存性が向上するため好ましい。   The brown rice bran that has been cultured for 45 to 120 hours under the conditions of the present invention is preferably dried by blowing before brewing and the moisture content is reduced to about 10%, because the storage stability of the bran is improved.

本発明における食酢の製造は、上記のように製造した玄米麹を用いること以外は伝統的、一般的に行われている食酢の製造方法と同様に行う。伝統的、一般的に行われている食酢の製造方法とは、澱粉質原料および/もしくは糖質原料を糖化させ、次いでアルコール発酵させた後、酢酸発酵し食酢を製造する方法、または、澱粉質原料および/もしくは糖質原料を糖化させ、得られた糖液と市販の醸造アルコールとを混合し、その混合液を酢酸発酵して食酢を製造する方法等である。   The production of vinegar in the present invention is carried out in the same manner as the conventional vinegar production method except that the brown rice bran produced as described above is used. The traditional and commonly used methods for producing vinegar are a method of saccharifying a starchy raw material and / or saccharide raw material, followed by alcoholic fermentation and then fermenting with acetic acid to produce vinegar, or starchy For example, a raw material and / or a saccharide raw material is saccharified, the obtained sugar liquid is mixed with a commercially available brewed alcohol, and the mixed liquid is fermented with acetic acid to produce vinegar.

当該食酢の原料としては、玄米や他の穀類、イモ類、果物等を使用することができるが、玄米と上記玄米麹を原料とする玄米黒酢とすることが好ましい。また本発明で得られた玄米麹を単独の澱粉質原料とすることも可能である。   As raw materials of the edible vinegar, brown rice and other grains, potatoes, fruits and the like can be used, but it is preferable to use brown rice and black rice vinegar made from the above brown rice bran. It is also possible to use the brown rice bran obtained in the present invention as a single starchy raw material.

糖化工程では玄米麹に含まれる各種酵素により澱粉質原料、糖質原料の糖化が進行するが、必要に応じて市販のαアミラーゼ、グルコアミラーゼ、たんぱく質分解酵素等を併用してもよい。   In the saccharification step, saccharification of starch raw materials and saccharide raw materials proceeds by various enzymes contained in brown rice bran, but commercially available α-amylase, glucoamylase, proteolytic enzyme and the like may be used in combination as necessary.

アルコール発酵工程では糖化工程で得られた糖化膠に酵母を添加し、発酵を開始する。この際使用する酵母は特に限定するものではなく、例えば、清酒酵母、焼酎酵母、ワイン酵母、ビール酵母、パン酵母等が使用できる。糖化、アルコール発酵を同時に行う並行複発酵法を取ることも可能である。   In the alcohol fermentation process, yeast is added to the saccharified glue obtained in the saccharification process, and fermentation is started. The yeast used in this case is not particularly limited, and for example, sake yeast, shochu yeast, wine yeast, beer yeast, baker's yeast and the like can be used. It is also possible to adopt a parallel double fermentation method in which saccharification and alcohol fermentation are performed simultaneously.

次いで酢酸発酵工程ではアルコール膠もしくは種酢添加後のアルコール膠を固液分離して得られた酢もとに酢酸菌を接種して酢酸発酵を開始する。酢酸発酵は静置発酵でも深部発酵でもよい。酢酸発酵終了後発酵液をろ過殺菌して食酢を得る。   Next, in the acetic acid fermentation process, acetic acid bacteria are inoculated into the vinegar obtained by solid-liquid separation of the alcohol glue or the alcohol glue after addition of seed vinegar, and acetic acid fermentation is started. The acetic acid fermentation may be stationary fermentation or deep fermentation. After completion of acetic acid fermentation, the fermented liquid is sterilized by filtration to obtain vinegar.

得られた食酢は、クエン酸濃度が高く、その一方、シュウ酸濃度は低く、飲用に適しており、保管中のシュウ酸塩の結晶沈澱が抑制され、該沈澱が生成しない食酢も製造できるという著効も奏される。本発明に係る食酢においては、クエン酸濃度が30mg%以上のものが得られ、50mg%以上、100mg%以上、300mg%以上、400mg%以上のものも得ることができ、実施例においては500mg%のデータも確認されているところから、600mg%以上のものも期待できる。一方、シュウ酸濃度は大幅に低下しており、60ppm以下であって、実施例においては、30ppmの場合や29ppmの場合が確認されているところから、20ppm以下、あるいは10ppm以下のように、実質的にシュウ酸を含有しないものも期待できる。   The obtained vinegar has a high citric acid concentration, while the oxalic acid concentration is low, suitable for drinking, crystal precipitation of oxalate during storage is suppressed, and vinegar that does not produce this precipitate can be produced. A remarkable effect is also produced. In the vinegar according to the present invention, those having a citric acid concentration of 30 mg% or more can be obtained, and those having a concentration of 50 mg% or more, 100 mg% or more, 300 mg% or more, 400 mg% or more can be obtained. From the fact that the data is also confirmed, it can be expected to be 600 mg% or more. On the other hand, the oxalic acid concentration is greatly reduced and is 60 ppm or less, and in the examples, the case of 30 ppm or 29 ppm is confirmed, so that it is substantially 20 ppm or less, or 10 ppm or less. In particular, those not containing oxalic acid can also be expected.

以下に実施例により本発明を更に具体的に説明するが、本発明は以下の実施例に限定されるものではない。   The present invention will be described more specifically with reference to the following examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.

(実施例1、2、3、比較例1)
玄米を2分割程度に破砕処理したもの2000gに水分34%程度になるように重量を測定しながら霧吹きで水を吹きつけ混合し、1時間放置して吸水させた後、オートクレーブで105℃20分蒸煮し、放冷して蒸米を得た。水分は35.6%であった。この蒸米に、市販白麹菌(Aspergillus luchuensis mut. kawachii)を0.07重量/重量%の割合(吸水蒸煮前の元米量に対する割合)で接種し、布につつんでメッシュかごに入れ、恒温器内で製麹を開始した。製麹温度は最初の24時間を恒温機室温を35℃とし、24時間目以後を30℃とした。
(Examples 1, 2, 3 and Comparative Example 1)
Brown rice was crushed into two parts and mixed with mist sprayed water while measuring the weight so that the water content was about 34%, left to stand for 1 hour to absorb water, and then autoclaved at 105 ° C for 20 minutes Steamed and allowed to cool to obtain steamed rice. The moisture was 35.6%. This steamed rice is inoculated with 0.07 wt / wt% (Aspergillus luchuensis mut. Kawachii) at a rate of 0.07 wt / wt% (ratio to the amount of original rice before water-absorbing steam), put in a mesh basket wrapped in cloth, and incubator I started making iron. The iron making temperature was set to 35 ° C. for the first 24 hours, and 30 ° C. for the 24th hour and thereafter.

製麹開始から48時間の時点で、玄米麹のクエン酸酸度が1%以上(水分10%時に換算した数値)であることが確認されたので、48時間の時点で200gずつを直径20cmのシャーレに入れ水分を35%(比較例1)、40%(実施例1)、45%(実施例2)、50%(実施例3)となるように霧吹きで水を散布した。散布後の水分はそれぞれ35.6%、40.3%、46.2%、49.8%であった。その後30℃の恒温機に入れ、6時間後、12時間後、18時間後、24時間後にサンプリングを実施し、酸度およびシュウ酸含有量を測定した。結果を表1に示す。クエン酸酸度およびシュウ酸含有量は水分10%時に換算した数値である。   At 48 hours from the start of koji making, it was confirmed that the citrate acidity of brown rice bran was 1% or more (the value converted when the water content was 10%). Water was sprayed with a sprayer so that the water content was 35% (Comparative Example 1), 40% (Example 1), 45% (Example 2), and 50% (Example 3). The water content after spraying was 35.6%, 40.3%, 46.2% and 49.8%, respectively. Thereafter, the sample was placed in a thermostat at 30 ° C., and sampling was carried out 6 hours, 12 hours, 18 hours and 24 hours later, and the acidity and oxalic acid content were measured. The results are shown in Table 1. Citric acidity and oxalic acid content are values converted to a moisture content of 10%.

なお、製麹開始から36時間及び48時間の時点での、クエン酸酸度(%)及びシュウ酸含有量(ppm)は、それぞれ、3.3%及び680ppm、4.6%及び780ppmであった。また、表1において、各時間は、製麹開始から48時間目を0時間としての経過時間を示したものである。   In addition, the citric acidity degree (%) and the oxalic acid content (ppm) at the time of 36 hours and 48 hours from the start of ironmaking were 3.3% and 680 ppm, 4.6% and 780 ppm, respectively. . In Table 1, each time represents an elapsed time when the 48th hour from the start of ironmaking is 0 hour.

製麹終了した麹は50℃の送風をして水分10%程度まで乾燥させた。表1の結果、比較例1は酸度は高いがシュウ酸含有量も高いものしか製造できないのに対して、水分を40%以上にした実施例1、2、3の場合クエン酸酸度が高く、シュウ酸含有量が低い玄米麹を製造することができた。   The finished cocoons were blown at 50 ° C. and dried to a moisture content of about 10%. As a result of Table 1, Comparative Example 1 can produce only a high acidity but high oxalic acid content, whereas in Examples 1, 2, and 3 where the water content is 40% or more, the citric acidity is high. Brown rice bran with low oxalic acid content could be produced.

(表1)
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
水分 6時間 12時間 18時間 24時間
後 後 後 後
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
比較例1 35%区 クエン酸酸度% 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.8
シュウ酸含有量ppm 910 720 800 690
実施例1 40%区 クエン酸酸度% 5.0 5.9 6.1 6.3
シュウ酸含有量ppm 480 300 250 260
実施例2 45%区 クエン酸酸度% 4.8 5.1 5.9 6.4
シュウ酸含有量ppm 400 250 108 36
実施例3 50%区 クエン酸酸度% 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.2
シュウ酸含有量ppm 350 96 N.D N.D
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
(Table 1)
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Moisture 6 hours 12 hours 18 hours 24 hours
After After After After ――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Comparative Example 1 35% section Citric acid degree% 5.3 5.9 6.2 6.8
Oxalic acid content ppm 910 720 800 690
Example 1 40% citrate acidity% 5.0 5.9 6.1 6.3
Oxalic acid content ppm 480 300 250 260
Example 2 45% citrate acidity% 4.8 5.1 5.9 6.4
Oxalic acid content ppm 400 250 108 36
Example 3 50% citrate acidity% 4.6 4.7 4.8 5.2
Oxalic acid content ppm 350 96 ND ND
―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

(実施例4)
玄米を2分割程度に破砕したもの10kgを洗米後、水浸漬せずに2時間水切り操作を行った。これを常圧で約30分蒸煮、冷却処理を行い、市販白麹菌(Aspergillus awamori var. kawachii)を0.07重量/重量%の割合(吸水蒸煮前の元米量に対する割合)で接種し、フジワラテクノアート社製の自動通風製麹機で製麹を開始した。製麹開始時の水分は38%であった。約15時間後に品温が37℃まで上昇した後、断続的な自動通風を実施し、27時間目まで品温を37〜38℃に保った。その後品温を30℃に低下させ断続的な自動通風で品温を29〜30℃に保持した。27時間目、44時間目に水分を測定し、計算値から撒水量を決めて水分が35%になるように撒水を実施した。51時間目に同様に水分が42%になるように、68時間目に水分が45%になるように散水し、75時間目で製麹を終了した。その後50℃の風温で乾燥処理を行い玄米白麹を得た。51時間目時点でのクエン酸酸度(水分10%時に換算)は3.8%であり、51時間から75時間までの24時間の間水分40〜50%であった。
Example 4
After washing 10 kg of brown rice that was crushed into about 2 parts, draining operation was performed for 2 hours without water immersion. This was steamed at atmospheric pressure for about 30 minutes, cooled, and inoculated with commercially available white mold (Aspergillus awamori var. Kawachii) at a rate of 0.07 wt / wt% (ratio to the amount of original rice before water-absorbing steaming), Ironmaking started with an automatic drafting machine manufactured by Fujiwara Techno Art. The moisture at the start of the koji making was 38%. After about 15 hours, the product temperature rose to 37 ° C., and then intermittent automatic ventilation was performed. The product temperature was maintained at 37 to 38 ° C. until the 27th hour. Thereafter, the product temperature was lowered to 30 ° C., and the product temperature was maintained at 29-30 ° C. by intermittent automatic ventilation. Water was measured at 27 hours and 44 hours, and the amount of water was determined from the calculated values, and water was added so that the water content was 35%. Similarly, water was sprayed so that the water content was 45% at 68 hours so that the water content was 42% at 51 hours, and the ironmaking was finished at 75 hours. Thereafter, drying treatment was performed at an air temperature of 50 ° C. to obtain brown rice birch. The citric acidity at the time of 51 hours (converted when the water content was 10%) was 3.8%, and the water content was 40-50% for 24 hours from 51 hours to 75 hours.

乾燥した玄米麹は水分10%、クエン酸酸度5.4%、シュウ酸含有量58ppmであり、シュウ酸含有量が低く、クエン酸酸度の高い玄米白麹を得ることができた。   The dried brown rice bran had a water content of 10%, a citric acid content of 5.4%, an oxalic acid content of 58 ppm, a low oxalic acid content and a high citric acid content.

(実施例5、比較例2、3)
下記の試験区A、B、Cに基づき、玄米黒酢を作成した。なお、試験区Bは実施例5であり、試験区A、Cは比較例2、3である。
(Example 5, Comparative Examples 2 and 3)
Based on the following test sections A, B, and C, brown rice black vinegar was prepared. The test section B is Example 5, and the test sections A and C are Comparative Examples 2 and 3.

<試験区>
試験区A:黄麹菌を用いて比較例1と同様な方法で得られた玄米黄麹
試験区B:実施例1により得られた玄米白麹
試験区C:比較例1により得られた玄米白麹
<Test area>
Test plot A: Brown rice jaundice obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 using jaundice fungus Test plot B: Brown rice birch obtained in Example 1 Test plot C: Brown rice white obtained in Comparative Example 1麹

上記した各試験区に示した各玄米麹を用いて従来の方法で玄米黒酢を作成した。各試験区の玄米麹5%、予め粉砕した玄米31%、水64%の割合となるように仕込み、市販の液化酵素、糖化酵素、プロテアーゼ及び清酒酵母を適量加え並行複発酵による酒精発酵を行った。得られた酒精発酵膠に種酢を加え圧搾し、酢酸菌を添加して静置発酵法で酢酸発酵を行った後、ろ過、殺菌を行い玄米黒酢(総酸度4.5%)を得た。   Brown rice black vinegar was prepared by a conventional method using each brown rice bran shown in each test section described above. Prepared so that the ratio of brown rice bran 5% in each test zone, 31% brown rice previously pulverized, and 64% water, and appropriate amounts of commercially available liquefaction enzymes, saccharification enzymes, proteases and sake yeast were added, and alcoholic fermentation by parallel double fermentation was performed. It was. After squeezing and adding seed vinegar to the resulting sake spirit fermented glue, adding acetic acid bacteria and performing acetic acid fermentation by static fermentation method, filtration and sterilization are performed to obtain brown rice black vinegar (total acidity 4.5%) It was.

得られた玄米黒酢について香味評価、沈殿についての評価を行った。香味評価は30名のパネラーに対して、得られた玄米黒酢を水で5倍希釈したものを検体として、飲み易さを5段階で評価してもらい、評価平均を取った。   The obtained brown rice black vinegar was evaluated for flavor and precipitation. For the flavor evaluation, 30 panelists obtained the diluted brown rice black vinegar with water 5 times as a sample, and evaluated the ease of drinking in 5 stages, and took the average evaluation.

また、沈殿については、常温3ヶ月目での白色沈殿(シュウ酸塩)の有無について肉眼で確認した。沈殿が生じた場合は×、生じていない場合は○と記載した。結果を表2に示す。   Moreover, about precipitation, the presence or absence of the white precipitation (oxalate) in normal temperature 3 months was confirmed with the naked eye. When precipitation occurred, it was indicated as x, and when it did not occur, it was marked as o. The results are shown in Table 2.

(表2)
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
試験区 A:比較例2 B:実施例5 C:比較例3
(玄米黄麹使用) (実施例1白麹使用)(比較例1白麹使用)
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
クエン酸濃度(mg%) 10 50 50
香味(飲み易さ) 2.5 3.3 3.2
シュウ酸濃度(ppm) 24 29 71
沈殿 ○ ○ ×
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
(Table 2)
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Test section A: Comparative example 2 B: Example 5 C: Comparative example 3
(Uses brown rice jaundice) (Example 1 uses white birch) (Comparative example 1 uses white birch)
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
Citric acid concentration (mg%) 10 50 50
Flavor (Ease of Drinking) 2.5 3.3 3.2
Oxalic acid concentration (ppm) 24 29 71
Precipitation ○ ○ ×
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――

香味評価では、玄米白麹を使用した試験区B、Cは玄米黄麹を使用した試験区Aよりも飲み易さが向上していた。一方沈殿性については、シュウ酸濃度が高い試験区Cはシュウ酸塩結晶の沈殿が見られたのに対して、試験区A、Bではシュウ酸塩の結晶は認められなかった。以上より、試験区Bの場合に、本発明の目的に合致した玄米黒酢を製造することができた。   In the flavor evaluation, the test areas B and C using brown rice white rice were easier to drink than the test area A using brown rice yellow rice cake. On the other hand, regarding precipitation, oxalate crystals were precipitated in the test section C having a high oxalic acid concentration, whereas no oxalate crystals were observed in the test sections A and B. As mentioned above, the brown rice black vinegar which matched the objective of this invention was able to be manufactured in the case of the test area B.

(実施例6)
実施例4で得られた玄米白麹を粉砕したもの36%、水64%の割合で仕込み、市販の液化酵素、糖化酵素、プロテアーゼを適宜加え、糖化を行った後、焼酎酵母を植菌し、酒精発酵を行った。得られた酒精発酵膠に種酢を加え圧搾し、酢酸菌を添加して深部発酵法で酢酸発酵を行った後、ろ過、殺菌を行い玄米黒酢(総酸度4.5%)を得た。得られた玄米黒酢について香味評価、沈殿の評価を行った。評価方法については実施例4と同様で結果を表3に示す。
(Example 6)
36% of the brown rice birch obtained in Example 4 was pulverized and charged at a ratio of 64% of water. Commercially available liquefying enzyme, saccharifying enzyme and protease were added as appropriate, and after saccharification, shochu yeast was inoculated. Sake refinement was performed. After squeezing and adding seed vinegar to the alcoholic fermented fermented glue, adding acetic acid bacteria and performing acetic acid fermentation by the deep fermentation method, filtration and sterilization were performed to obtain brown rice black vinegar (total acidity 4.5%). . The obtained brown rice black vinegar was evaluated for flavor and precipitation. The evaluation method is the same as in Example 4, and the results are shown in Table 3.

(表3)
―――――――――――――――――――――――
試験区 実施例6
―――――――――――――――――――――――
クエン酸濃度(mg%) 500
香味(飲み易さ) 4.0
シュウ酸濃度(ppm) 30
沈殿性 ○
―――――――――――――――――――――――
(Table 3)
―――――――――――――――――――――――
Test Zone Example 6
―――――――――――――――――――――――
Citric acid concentration (mg%) 500
Flavor (Ease of Drinking) 4.0
Oxalic acid concentration (ppm) 30
Precipitation ○
―――――――――――――――――――――――

表3より、玄米白麹を澱粉質原料として用い食酢を製造した場合クエン酸を著しく多量に含む玄米黒酢を製造することができ、飲み易さの評価の非常に高いものが製造できた。また玄米白麹のシュウ酸含有量が58ppmと低い場合は、玄米白麹を多く使用してもシュウ酸塩の沈殿を生じることはなく、本発明の目的に合致した玄米黒酢を製造することができた。   From Table 3, brown rice black vinegar containing a remarkably large amount of citric acid could be produced when brown vinegar was produced using brown rice white rice cake as a starchy raw material, and a very high evaluation of ease of drinking could be produced. In addition, when the brown rice birch has a low oxalic acid content of 58 ppm, oxalate precipitation will not occur even if a large amount of brown rice birch is used, and brown rice black vinegar meeting the purpose of the present invention will be produced. I was able to.

Claims (8)

玄米に生酸性麹菌を接種した玄米麹の製造において、玄米麹のクエン酸酸度が0.8以上、好ましくは1%以上(水分10%時に換算した数値)になった後に、8時間以上、好ましくは12時間以上を水分40〜50%に保持することを特徴とする玄米麹の製造方法。   In the production of brown rice bran inoculated with raw acid koji mold on brown rice, the citric acidity of brown rice bran is 0.8 or more, preferably 1% or more (the value converted when water is 10%), preferably 8 hours or more, Is a method for producing brown rice bran, characterized in that the moisture content is maintained at 40 to 50% for 12 hours or more. 製麹開始後20〜30時間後に麹品温を25〜30℃として、25〜30℃の麹品温で25〜90時間培養することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の玄米麹の製造方法。   2. The production of brown rice bran according to claim 1, wherein the temperature is 25-30 ° C. 20-30 hours after the start of koji making, and the temperature is 25-30 ° C. for 25-90 hours. Method. 請求項1または2に記載の方法で製造された玄米麹を使用することを特徴とする食酢の製造方法。   A method for producing vinegar, comprising using brown rice bran produced by the method according to claim 1 or 2. 食酢が玄米黒酢であることを特徴とする請求項3に記載の食酢の製造方法。   The method for producing vinegar according to claim 3, wherein the vinegar is brown rice black vinegar. 請求項1または2に記載の方法で製造してなる玄米麹。   Brown rice bran produced by the method according to claim 1 or 2. クエン酸酸度が3%以上であり、シュウ酸含有量は400ppm以下であること、を特徴とする請求項5に記載の玄米麹。   The brown rice bran according to claim 5, wherein the citric acidity is 3% or more and the oxalic acid content is 400 ppm or less. 請求項3または4に記載の方法で製造してなる食酢。   A vinegar produced by the method according to claim 3 or 4. クエン酸濃度が高く、シュウ酸含有量は低く、飲用に適し、保管中のシュウ酸結晶の沈澱が抑制されたものであること、を特徴とする請求項7に記載の食酢。   The vinegar according to claim 7, characterized in that the citric acid concentration is high, the oxalic acid content is low, suitable for drinking, and precipitation of oxalic acid crystals during storage is suppressed.
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GB2445903A (en) * 2005-12-22 2008-07-23 Mizkan Group Corp Process for producing black vinegar and black vinegar produced by the process
JP2009039016A (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-26 Mannen Su Kk Method for producing edible vinegar by using germinated unpolished rice, and unpolished rice black vinegar produced by the same
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GB2445903A (en) * 2005-12-22 2008-07-23 Mizkan Group Corp Process for producing black vinegar and black vinegar produced by the process
JP2009039016A (en) * 2007-08-08 2009-02-26 Mannen Su Kk Method for producing edible vinegar by using germinated unpolished rice, and unpolished rice black vinegar produced by the same
JP2009136189A (en) * 2007-12-05 2009-06-25 Gekkeikan Sake Co Ltd Method for producing ethanol from unpolished rice
JP2010220536A (en) * 2009-03-24 2010-10-07 Suntory Holdings Ltd Koji production method for highly producing glycerol
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