JP2006157077A - Oscillator - Google Patents

Oscillator Download PDF

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JP2006157077A
JP2006157077A JP2003399740A JP2003399740A JP2006157077A JP 2006157077 A JP2006157077 A JP 2006157077A JP 2003399740 A JP2003399740 A JP 2003399740A JP 2003399740 A JP2003399740 A JP 2003399740A JP 2006157077 A JP2006157077 A JP 2006157077A
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oscillator
oscillation
frequency
resonator
circuit
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JP2003399740A
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Japanese (ja)
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Mitsuaki Koyama
光明 小山
Hideo Hashimoto
英雄 橋本
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Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd
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Nihon Dempa Kogyo Co Ltd
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Priority to JP2003399740A priority Critical patent/JP2006157077A/en
Priority to TW93118551A priority patent/TWI283745B/en
Priority to PCT/JP2004/009450 priority patent/WO2005001440A1/en
Publication of JP2006157077A publication Critical patent/JP2006157077A/en
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/025—Change of phase or condition
    • G01N2291/0256—Adsorption, desorption, surface mass change, e.g. on biosensors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0423—Surface waves, e.g. Rayleigh waves, Love waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/04—Wave modes and trajectories
    • G01N2291/042—Wave modes
    • G01N2291/0426—Bulk waves, e.g. quartz crystal microbalance, torsional waves

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  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an oscillator capable of obtaining a stable oscillating frequency without being affected by a phase characteristic of a crystal vibrator even if employing the crystal vibrator with a low Q value and large series resistance. <P>SOLUTION: The oscillator is configured such that a resonator 7 with a resonance frequency equal to an oscillating frequency is inserted to an oscillation loop of an oscillation circuit oscillated by a resonance circuit comprising a coil 3 and a capacitor 4. Further, the oscillator is configured such that the crystal vibrator is interposed between an emitter of a transistor of a common gate connection employed by a Colpitts oscillation circuit and a series connecting point of split capacitors in the resonance circuit comprising the coil 3 and the capacitor 4. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は１００ＭＨｚ以上の高い共振周波数の水晶振動子を用いて安定かつ確実に発振することができる発振器に関する。   The present invention relates to an oscillator that can oscillate stably and reliably using a crystal resonator having a high resonance frequency of 100 MHz or higher.

従来の水晶発振回路では水晶振動子の位相特性を利用して発振させるようにしていた。
このような発振回路では、水晶振動子の位相特性が変化すると発振周波数も変化するので位相特性が変化する水晶振動子を用いると安定な発振周波数は得られない。 In a conventional crystal oscillation circuit, oscillation is performed using the phase characteristics of a crystal resonator.
In such an oscillation circuit, when the phase characteristic of the crystal resonator changes, the oscillation frequency also changes. Therefore, when a crystal resonator whose phase characteristic changes is used, a stable oscillation frequency cannot be obtained.

基本波周波数が１００ＭＨｚを超える高い共振周波数の水晶振動子ではよほどうまく設計しないとＤＬＤといわれる問題を生じることが多い。
ＤＬＤが発生すると周波数―電流特性にジャンプ現象や傾きが大きくなることがある。 A crystal resonator having a high resonance frequency whose fundamental wave frequency exceeds 100 MHz often causes a problem called DLD unless designed well.
When DLD occurs, a jump phenomenon or a slope may increase in the frequency-current characteristics.

また、直列抵抗―電流特性にもジャンプ現象を生じることがあり水晶振動子の信頼性を著しく損なう問題となる。
さらに、このようなジャンプ現象や周波数変化の大きな傾きは、水晶振動子の周波数―位相特性にも現れる。 In addition, a jump phenomenon may occur in the series resistance-current characteristic, which causes a problem that the reliability of the crystal resonator is significantly impaired.
Furthermore, such a jump phenomenon and a large gradient of frequency change also appear in the frequency-phase characteristics of the crystal resonator.

一方，基本波周波数が数１０ＭＨｚ程度の比較的低い周波数の水晶振動子のＱ値に比して、基本波周波数が１００ＭＨｚを超えるような高い共振周波数の水晶振動子のQ値はかなり低くなってしまう。   On the other hand, the Q value of a crystal resonator having a high resonance frequency such that the fundamental frequency exceeds 100 MHz is considerably lower than the Q value of a relatively low frequency crystal resonator having a fundamental frequency of about several tens of MHz. End up.

また、周波数安定化を目的に空間電極式を利用する方法や水晶片の駆動部に電極を形成せずに、その周囲に電極を配置した構造を採用した場合、Q値の低下とともに直列抵抗も増加する。
そして、このような水晶振動子を用いた発振回路は発振し難く環境条件の変化、たとえば温度変化によって発振が停止するおそれもある。 In addition, when a method using a spatial electrode method for frequency stabilization or a structure in which electrodes are not formed in the drive unit of the crystal piece and an electrode is arranged around it, the series resistance also decreases as the Q value decreases. To increase.
In addition, an oscillation circuit using such a crystal resonator is difficult to oscillate, and oscillation may stop due to a change in environmental conditions, for example, a temperature change.

水晶振動子の位相特性に影響されず、またQ値が低く、直列抵抗の大きな水晶振動子を用いても安定な発振周波数を得ることができる発振器を提供することを目的とするものである。   It is an object of the present invention to provide an oscillator that is not affected by the phase characteristics of a crystal resonator and that can obtain a stable oscillation frequency even when a crystal resonator having a low Q value and a large series resistance is used.

本発明の請求項１はコイルとコンデンサからなる共振回路で発振する発振回路の発振ループに発振周波数に等しい共振周波数の共振器を介挿したことを特徴とする発振器であり、請求項２は請求項１に記載のものにおいて、共振器は水晶振動子であることを特徴とする発振器である。   A first aspect of the present invention is an oscillator characterized in that a resonator having a resonance frequency equal to the oscillation frequency is inserted in an oscillation loop of an oscillation circuit that oscillates in a resonance circuit composed of a coil and a capacitor. The resonator according to item 1, wherein the resonator is a crystal resonator.

そして請求項３は請求項１に記載のものにおいて、共振器はＳＡＷフィルタであることを特徴とする発振器であり、請求項４は請求項１に記載のものにおいて、発振回路の発振周波数は１００ＭＨｚ以上であることを特徴とする発振器であり、請求項５は請求項１に記載のものにおいて、コイルとコンデンサからなる共振回路で発振するエミッタ接地のコルピッツ発振回路の分割コンデンサの直列接続点とエミッタとの間に水晶振動子を介挿したことを特徴とする発振器である。   A third aspect of the present invention is the oscillator according to the first aspect, wherein the resonator is a SAW filter. A fourth aspect of the present invention is the oscillator according to the first aspect, wherein the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit is 100 MHz. An oscillator characterized by the above, and claim 5 according to claim 1, characterized in that the series connection point and the emitter of the split capacitor of the grounded Colpitts oscillation circuit that oscillates in the resonance circuit composed of the coil and the capacitor Is an oscillator characterized by interposing a quartz resonator between the two.

本発明はＱ値が低く直列抵抗が大きく、またＤＬＤを呈する水晶振動子を用いても確実に発振させることができ、しかも安定な発振周波数を得ることができる発振器を提供することができる。   The present invention can provide an oscillator that has a low Q value, a large series resistance, and can oscillate reliably even when a crystal resonator exhibiting a DLD is used, and can obtain a stable oscillation frequency.

以下本発明の一実施態様を、図１に示すコルピッツ発振回路に類似の回路図で共振器として水晶振動子を用いた例を参照して詳細に説明する。
１はＰＮＰトランジスタでエミッタを抵抗２を介して接地している。
そしてベースをコイル３とコンデンサ４の直列共振回路を介して接地Ｅしている。 Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to an example in which a crystal resonator is used as a resonator in a circuit diagram similar to the Colpitts oscillation circuit shown in FIG.
Reference numeral 1 denotes a PNP transistor whose emitter is grounded via a resistor 2.
The base is grounded E through a series resonance circuit of the coil 3 and the capacitor 4.

またベースを２個の分割コンデンサ５、６を直列に介して接地Ｅしている。
そして分割コンデンサ５、６の直列接続点を水晶振動子７及びコンデンサ８を直列に介してエミッタに接続している。
またエミッタからコンデンサ９を介して発振出力ＯＵＴに接続している。 The base is grounded E through two divided capacitors 5 and 6 in series.
The series connection point of the divided capacitors 5 and 6 is connected to the emitter through the crystal resonator 7 and the capacitor 8 in series.
The emitter is connected to the oscillation output OUT via the capacitor 9.

そしてコレクタを電源Ｖｃｃに接続し、電源Ｖｃｃとベース及びベースと接地Ｅの間にそれぞれバイアス抵抗１０、１１を介挿している。
なおコイル３とコンデンサ４の直列共振回路の回路定数によって決定されるコルピッツ発振回路の発振周波数と水晶振動子７の共振周波数は概略一致させるようにしている。 The collector is connected to the power source Vcc, and bias resistors 10 and 11 are interposed between the power source Vcc and the base and between the base and the ground E, respectively.
Note that the oscillation frequency of the Colpitts oscillation circuit determined by the circuit constant of the series resonance circuit of the coil 3 and the capacitor 4 and the resonance frequency of the crystal resonator 7 are approximately matched.

このような構成であれば、分割コンデンサ５、６の直列接続点を直接エミッタに接続した場合は、周知のエミッタ接地のコルピッツ発振回路であり発振周波数はコイル３とコンデンサ４の直列共振回路の回路定数によって定まる。
そしてこのような発振回路の周波数安定度は、たとえば図２に示すグラフのようになり１０．６ｐｐｍである。 With such a configuration, when the series connection point of the split capacitors 5 and 6 is directly connected to the emitter, it is a well-known emitter-grounded Colpitts oscillation circuit, and the oscillation frequency is a circuit of a series resonance circuit of the coil 3 and the capacitor 4. Determined by a constant.
The frequency stability of such an oscillating circuit is, for example, as shown in the graph of FIG. 2 and is 10.6 ppm.

そしてこの発振回路の発振ループである分割コンデンサ５、６の直列接続点とエミッタとの間に水晶振動子７とコンデンサ８を直列に介挿している。
したがってコルピッツ発振回路の発振周波数は水晶振動子７の共振周波数に規制されて安定な発振周波数を得ることができる。 Then, a crystal resonator 7 and a capacitor 8 are inserted in series between the series connection point of the split capacitors 5 and 6 that are the oscillation loop of the oscillation circuit and the emitter.
Therefore, the oscillation frequency of the Colpitts oscillation circuit is regulated by the resonance frequency of the crystal resonator 7, and a stable oscillation frequency can be obtained.

図３はこのような発振回路の周波数安定度を示すグラフで０．２ｐｐｍとなり著しく安定度が向上している。
またこの場合、水晶振動子７は発振周波数を規制するだけなのでＤＬＤ、Ｑ値、位相特性の影響はほとんど受けない。 FIG. 3 is a graph showing the frequency stability of such an oscillation circuit, which is 0.2 ppm, and the stability is remarkably improved.
Further, in this case, since the crystal resonator 7 only regulates the oscillation frequency, it is hardly affected by the DLD, Q value, and phase characteristics.

図４はＤＬＤを生じる水晶振動子を図１に示す発振回路に用いた発振器の周波数安定度を示すグラフで、極めて良好な周波数安定度を示している。
なお本発明は上記の実施の態様に限定されるものではなく、たとえば発振周波数を外部から制御する場合は第１図と同一部材には同一符号を付与して図５に示すような回路とすればよい。 FIG. 4 is a graph showing the frequency stability of an oscillator in which a crystal resonator that generates DLD is used in the oscillation circuit shown in FIG. 1, and shows very good frequency stability.
The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment. For example, when the oscillation frequency is controlled from the outside, the same members as those in FIG. That's fine.

すなわち水晶振動子７とコンデンサ８との間にバリキャップ・ダイオード１２を介挿し、このカソード側に外部から制御電圧ＶＣを印加し、アノードを帰路抵抗１３を介して接地Ｅする。
このようにすれば制御電圧に応じて発振周波数を変化させることができる。 That is, a varicap diode 12 is inserted between the crystal resonator 7 and the capacitor 8, a control voltage VC is applied to the cathode side from the outside, and the anode is grounded E via the return resistor 13.
In this way, the oscillation frequency can be changed according to the control voltage.

なおこのようなものにおいて、予め温度変化に対する発振周波数の変化、すなわち周波数−温度特性を測定し、この特性に応じて一定の発振周波数を維持するような補償電圧を制御電圧ＶＣとして与えれば温度補償発振器として動作することができる。   In such a case, a change in oscillation frequency with respect to a change in temperature, that is, a frequency-temperature characteristic is measured in advance, and a compensation voltage that maintains a constant oscillation frequency according to this characteristic is given as the control voltage VC. It can operate as an oscillator.

さらに図１に示す実施態様では共振器として水晶振動子を用いたものについて説明したが、共振器は目的周波数で共振特性が得られればよいので、たとえばＳＡＷ（弾性表面波）フィルタ、ＭＣＦ（モノリシック・クリスタル・フィルタ）等も用いうることは勿論である。   Further, in the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, a description has been given of the case where a crystal resonator is used as a resonator. However, since the resonator only needs to obtain a resonance characteristic at a target frequency, for example, a SAW (surface acoustic wave) filter, MCF (monolithic). Of course, a crystal filter or the like can also be used.

本発明の一実施態様の発振器の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the oscillator of one embodiment of the present invention. コルピッツ発振回路の周波数安定度を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the frequency stability of a Colpitts oscillation circuit. 本発明の一実施態様の発振器の周波数安定度を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the frequency stability of the oscillator of one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の一実施態様の発振器にＤＬＤを生じる水晶振動子を用いた場合の周波数安定度を示すグラフである。It is a graph which shows the frequency stability at the time of using the crystal oscillator which produces DLD for the oscillator of one embodiment of this invention. 本発明の他の実施態様の発振器の回路図である。It is a circuit diagram of the oscillator of the other embodiment of this invention.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ トランジスタ
３ コイル（共振回路）
４ コンデンサ（共振回路）
５、６ 分割コンデンサ
７ 水晶振動子（共振器）
Ｅ 接地
Ｖｃｃ 電源
ＯＵＴ 発振出力
ＶＣ 制御電圧 1 Transistor 3 Coil (resonance circuit)
4 Capacitor (resonant circuit)
5, 6 Split capacitor 7 Crystal resonator (resonator)
E Ground Vcc Power supply OUT Oscillation output VC Control voltage

Claims (5)

コイルとコンデンサからなる共振回路で発振する発振回路の発振ループに発振周波数に等しい共振周波数の共振器を介挿したことを特徴とする発振器。 An oscillator comprising a resonator having a resonance frequency equal to the oscillation frequency inserted in an oscillation loop of an oscillation circuit that oscillates in a resonance circuit composed of a coil and a capacitor. 請求項１に記載のものにおいて、共振器は水晶振動子であることを特徴とする発振器。 2. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a crystal resonator. 請求項１に記載のものにおいて、共振器はＳＡＷフィルタであることを特徴とする発振器。 2. An oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the resonator is a SAW filter. 請求項１に記載のものにおいて、発振回路の発振周波数は１００ＭＨｚ以上であることを特徴とする発振器。 2. The oscillator according to claim 1, wherein the oscillation frequency of the oscillation circuit is 100 MHz or more. 請求項１に記載のものにおいて、コイルとコンデンサからなる共振回路で発振するエミッタ接地のコルピッツ発振回路の分割コンデンサの直列接続点とエミッタとの間に水晶振動子を介挿したことを特徴とする発振器。 2. The crystal resonator according to claim 1, wherein a crystal resonator is interposed between the series connection point of the split capacitor of the Colpitts oscillation circuit grounded in the emitter that oscillates in a resonance circuit including a coil and a capacitor, and the emitter. Oscillator.
JP2003399740A 2003-06-26 2003-11-28 Oscillator Pending JP2006157077A (en)

Priority Applications (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP2003399740A JP2006157077A (en) 2003-11-28 2003-11-28 Oscillator
TW93118551A TWI283745B (en) 2003-06-26 2004-06-25 Crystal sensor
PCT/JP2004/009450 WO2005001440A1 (en) 2003-06-26 2004-06-28 Crystal sensor

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JP2003399740A JP2006157077A (en) 2003-11-28 2003-11-28 Oscillator

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103457571A (en) * 2013-08-21 2013-12-18 长安大学 Surface acoustic wave oscillator based on multi-strip coupler
CN103873013A (en) * 2014-03-24 2014-06-18 长安大学 Application circuit of surface acoustic wave transducer

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN103457571A (en) * 2013-08-21 2013-12-18 长安大学 Surface acoustic wave oscillator based on multi-strip coupler
CN103457571B (en) * 2013-08-21 2016-03-30 长安大学 A kind of SAW (Surface Acoustic Wave) oscillator based on multistrip coupler
CN103873013A (en) * 2014-03-24 2014-06-18 长安大学 Application circuit of surface acoustic wave transducer

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