JP2006149263A - Agricultural photoselective-transparent nonwoven-fabric covering material, and plant cultivation method using the same - Google Patents
Agricultural photoselective-transparent nonwoven-fabric covering material, and plant cultivation method using the same Download PDFInfo
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- JP2006149263A JP2006149263A JP2004343644A JP2004343644A JP2006149263A JP 2006149263 A JP2006149263 A JP 2006149263A JP 2004343644 A JP2004343644 A JP 2004343644A JP 2004343644 A JP2004343644 A JP 2004343644A JP 2006149263 A JP2006149263 A JP 2006149263A
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- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 52
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 29
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- -1 phthalocyanine compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 15
- 230000029553 photosynthesis Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000010672 photosynthesis Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 229920005992 thermoplastic resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N anthraquinone Natural products CCC(=O)c1c(O)c2C(=O)C3C(C=CC=C3O)C(=O)c2cc1CC(=O)OC PYKYMHQGRFAEBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229930192627 Naphthoquinone Natural products 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000012860 organic pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 21
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- VVOLVFOSOPJKED-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper phthalocyanine Chemical compound [Cu].N=1C2=NC(C3=CC=CC=C33)=NC3=NC(C3=CC=CC=C33)=NC3=NC(C3=CC=CC=C33)=NC3=NC=1C1=CC=CC=C12 VVOLVFOSOPJKED-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005562 fading Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 241000219315 Spinacia Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000009337 Spinacia oleracea Nutrition 0.000 description 3
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- 229920001684 low density polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004702 low-density polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108091008695 photoreceptors Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000011342 resin composition Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000017260 vegetative to reproductive phase transition of meristem Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000004952 Polyamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[NH6+3] MMDJDBSEMBIJBB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006096 absorbing agent Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 1
- BBFBNDYGZBKPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K dichlorozinc [7-(diethylamino)phenothiazin-3-ylidene]-dimethylazanium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].Cl[Zn]Cl.C1=CC(=[N+](C)C)C=C2SC3=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C3N=C21 BBFBNDYGZBKPIA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003898 horticulture Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019239 indanthrene blue RS Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N indanthrone blue Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=O)C3=CC=C4NC5=C6C(=O)C7=CC=CC=C7C(=O)C6=CC=C5NC4=C3C(=O)C2=C1 UHOKSCJSTAHBSO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002647 polyamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920013716 polyethylene resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001850 reproductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L terephthalate(2-) Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C1=CC=C(C([O-])=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/25—Greenhouse technology, e.g. cooling systems therefor
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- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
- Protection Of Plants (AREA)
- Greenhouses (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Description
本発明は、光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材およびそれを用いる植物の栽培方法に関する。詳しくは、特定の光質を遮光して植物の生長を制御する光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材およびそれを用いた施設園芸栽培法に関する。 The present invention relates to a light selectively permeable agricultural non-woven coating material and a plant cultivation method using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to a light-selective permeable non-woven fabric covering material for agricultural use that shields a specific light quality and controls the growth of plants, and a facility horticulture cultivation method using the same.
農業用被覆材としては、ハウス、雨よけ資材、或いはトンネルといった作物を外界から遮断して保護、育成する外張り被覆資材や、あるいは外張りを行った構造物の内側に展張して、保温性の向上や遮光などを目的とする内張り資材がある。また、地面に直接展張して、保温性、防虫性、防風性、保湿性などを目的とするマルチ資材やべた掛け資材がある。これらの被覆材料は、従来、温湿度環境の保持調節を主目的とするものである。
ところで、遠赤色光が多い光環境では植物の伸張生長を促進し、赤色光が多い光環境では伸張生長を抑制することが従来から知られており、これを人工的かつ簡易的に生み出す方法として、特許文献１、特許文献２等には、波長選択性色素を含有した光選択透過性被覆材料を用いて、Ｒ／ＦＲ（Ｒは標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする６００〜７００ｎｍの赤色光の光量子束透過量、ＦＲは標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする７００〜８００ｎｍの遠赤色光の光量子束透過量）比を変えることで、植物の生長を制御する方法が開示されている。特に、Ｒ／ＦＲ比を０．９以下（好ましくは０．７以下）にすることで所定の植物の生長を促進することが知られている。
Agricultural covering materials are housed, rainproof materials, or tunnel covering materials that protect and cultivate crops such as tunnels from the outside, or are spread on the inside of structures that have been stretched to maintain heat-retaining properties. There are lining materials for the purpose of improvement and shading. In addition, there are multi-materials and sticky materials that are directly spread on the ground and have the purpose of keeping heat, insects, wind and moisture. Conventionally, these coating materials are mainly used for maintaining and controlling the temperature and humidity environment.
By the way, it has been conventionally known that in a light environment where there is a lot of far-red light, the growth of the plant is promoted, and in a light environment where there is a lot of red light, the growth of the growth is suppressed. , Patent Document 1, Patent Document 2 and the like use a light selective transmission coating material containing a wavelength selective dye, and R / FR (R is a photon quantum of red light of 600 to 700 nm based on a standard light source D65). There is disclosed a method for controlling the growth of plants by changing the bundle transmission amount, FR, the ratio of 700 to 800 nm far-red light photon flux transmission) based on the standard light source D65. In particular, it is known to promote the growth of a predetermined plant by setting the R / FR ratio to 0.9 or less (preferably 0.7 or less).
また、従来のプラスチックフィルムの形態の被覆材料では通気性を有しておらず、栽培域内の温度及び湿度が必要以上に上昇しすぎて、そのために植物生長制御効果が十分に発揮できず、該被覆資材を用いての所定目的の植物栽培法が達成されない場合があるが、この問題を解決する光選択透過性被覆材料として、特許文献３には、不織布やネットをベース基材とした通気性を有して、かつＲ／ＦＲ比が０．９以下（好ましくは０．８以下）の特性を有する光選択透過性被覆材料を用いた植物の生長を制御する方法が開示されている。 In addition, the conventional plastic film coating material does not have air permeability, the temperature and humidity in the cultivation area rises more than necessary, and therefore the plant growth control effect cannot be sufficiently exhibited, Although the plant cultivation method of the predetermined purpose using a covering material may not be achieved, as a light selective transmission covering material that solves this problem, Patent Document 3 discloses a breathability based on a non-woven fabric or a net base material. And a method for controlling the growth of a plant using a light selective transmission coating material having a characteristic of having an R / FR ratio of 0.9 or less (preferably 0.8 or less).
しかしながら、これらの特許に記載されているＲ／ＦＲ比が０．９以下の光選択透過性被覆材料は、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が５０％以上、或いは２０％以上の特性を有する被覆材料として記載されているが、実際の該被覆材料はＲ／ＦＲ比を０．９以下（好ましくは０．８以下）の光選択透過性機能を発現させるために所定量以上の赤色吸収色素を配合しており、その結果、光合成有効放射透過率が７５％以下と低くなり、被覆材料として本来必要な十分な光線透過性を一部犠牲とした光選択透過性被覆材料となり、実際には植物生長促進効果が不十分となるケースが出ている。 However, the light selective transmission coating material having an R / FR ratio of 0.9 or less described in these patents has a characteristic that the photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm is 50% or more, or 20% or more. Although described as a coating material, the actual coating material has a red / light absorbing dye in a predetermined amount or more in order to develop a light selective transmission function having an R / FR ratio of 0.9 or less (preferably 0.8 or less). As a result, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance is as low as 75% or less, and it becomes a light selective transmission coating material that partially sacrifices sufficient light transmission originally required as a coating material. There are cases where the plant growth promoting effect is insufficient.
また、特許文献４には、光質を変換もしくは選択する色素を含有して、光合成有効放射透過率が８０％以上の特徴を有する農園芸用光質変換／選択性被覆資材が開示されているが、実際の該被覆資材で採用している色素は、基材に高い光線透過性を維持するためにベース基材に配合する色素として高い分散性を発現できる有機系染料を用いており、そのために色素の耐候性、耐退色性が十分でなく、実際の被覆栽培においては展張後、比較的早期に該被覆資材が退色して目的とする長期間に亘っての植物生長促進を達成することが難しいのが実態である。 Further, Patent Document 4 discloses an agricultural / horticultural light quality conversion / selective coating material containing a pigment that converts or selects light quality and has a characteristic that the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance is 80% or more. However, the pigment used in the actual coating material uses an organic dye that can exhibit high dispersibility as a pigment blended with the base substrate in order to maintain high light transmittance in the substrate. In addition, the weather resistance and fading resistance of the pigment are not sufficient, and in the actual covering cultivation, the covering material fades relatively early after spreading and achieves the target plant growth promotion over a long period of time. The reality is that is difficult.
本発明の目的は、上記問題に鑑み、光線透過性が良好で、かつ長期の展張被覆期間に亘って特定の光質を遮光して植物の生長を制御する光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材を提供し、さらに該被覆材を用いた実用的な植物の生長制御法を提供するものである。 In view of the above problems, an object of the present invention is a light selective transmission agricultural non-woven coating material that has good light transmittance and controls the growth of plants by shielding a specific light quality over a long stretch coating period. Further, a practical plant growth control method using the coating material is provided.
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するために鋭意検討した結果、本発明を完成するに至った。すなわち、本発明は、
１）：４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲で、かつ標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする６００〜７００ｎｍの赤色光の光量子束透過量をＲ、標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする７００〜８００ｎｍの遠赤色光の光量子束透過量をＦＲとしたときの両者の比（Ｒ／ＦＲ）が０．９２〜１．００の範囲にあることを特徴とする光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材、
２）：光選択透過性の機能を発現する成分として、フタロシアニン化合物、アントラキノン化合物、ナフトキノン化合物のいずれか１種類以上から構成される赤色吸収有機顔料色素を用いて、熱可塑性樹脂に該色素を用いて着色された不織布からなることを特徴とする前記１）記載の光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材、
３）：前記１）または２）に記載の光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材を用いて植物を被覆する植物の栽培方法に関するものである。
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventors have completed the present invention. That is, the present invention
1): Photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm is in the range of 78 to 90%, and the light quantum flux transmission amount of red light of 600 to 700 nm with reference to the standard light source D65 is R, and the standard light source D65 is the reference. A light selectively permeable agricultural non-woven fabric, characterized in that the ratio (R / FR) of the both when the amount of transmitted light quantum flux of far-red light of 700 to 800 nm is FR is in the range of 0.92 to 1.00 Covering material,
2): Using a red absorbing organic pigment dye composed of one or more of a phthalocyanine compound, an anthraquinone compound, and a naphthoquinone compound as a component that exhibits a light selective transmission function, and using the dye in a thermoplastic resin 1) The light-selective transparent nonwoven fabric coating material for agriculture according to the above 1),
3): The present invention relates to a plant cultivation method in which a plant is coated with the light-selective permeable agricultural nonwoven fabric covering material described in 1) or 2) above.
本発明によれば、高い光線透過性を維持しつつ、色の耐候性、耐退色性に優れ、かつ長期の展張被覆期間に亘って特定の光質を遮光して、植物の生長を格段に制御する光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, while maintaining high light transmittance, the color is excellent in weather resistance and fading resistance, and a specific light quality is shielded over a long stretch coating period, so that the growth of the plant is remarkably increased. It is possible to provide a non-woven fabric coating material for agricultural use that is selectively permeable to light.
以下、本発明の光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材およびそれを用いる植物の栽培方法について詳細に説明する。
本発明の農業用不織布被覆材は、光を透過させたとき４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲で、かつ標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする６００〜７００ｎｍの赤色光の光量子束透過量をＲ、標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする７００〜８００ｎｍの遠赤色光の光量子束透過量をＦＲとしたときの両者の比（Ｒ／ＦＲ）が０．９２〜１．００の範囲にあることを特徴とする光選択透過性の不織布の形態を有する植物生長制御用被覆材料である。ここでいう光合成有効放射透過率とは、４００〜７００ｎｍの波長領域での太陽光の光合成有効放射領域の光エネルギーを１００とした場合、該被覆材の透過量の光合成有効放射領域の光エネルギーの比（％）を示す。
また、本発明でいう植物生長制御とは、草丈、茎長、節間等の伸張、側枝の生長、葉数、鱗茎、結球、開花、栄養生長等の形態形成に係わる事象の制御をいう。
Hereinafter, the light selective transmission agricultural non-woven fabric covering material of the present invention and the plant cultivation method using the same will be described in detail.
The agricultural non-woven fabric covering material of the present invention has a photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm in a range of 78 to 90% when transmitting light, and a photon of red light of 600 to 700 nm based on the standard light source D65. The ratio (R / FR) between 0.92 and 1.00 when the bundle transmission amount is R and the photon flux transmission amount of far-red light of 700 to 800 nm with reference to the standard light source D65 is FR. A plant growth control coating material having a form of a light-selective transparent nonwoven fabric characterized by being. The photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance here is the light energy of the photosynthesis effective radiation region of the amount of transmission of the covering material when the light energy of the photosynthesis effective radiation region of sunlight in the wavelength region of 400 to 700 nm is 100. Ratio (%) is shown.
The plant growth control in the present invention refers to control of events related to morphogenesis such as plant height, stem length, internode growth, side branch growth, leaf number, bulbs, heading, flowering, vegetative growth and the like.
本発明の不織布被覆材は、ポリプロピレンやポリエステル等に代表される熱可塑性樹脂より構成される不織布の形態をいう。不織布を作製する方法としては、光選択性材料を樹脂に混合した後、乾式法、湿式法、直接法（スパンボンド法、メルトブロー法、あるいはフラッシュ紡糸法等）などの方法が挙げられる。また、熱可塑性樹脂を一旦不織布に成形加工した後、光選択性材料をコーティングや含浸させる方法を採用してもよいが、製造工程の省略化や、作製された光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材の高光線透過性、光選択性材料の耐候性・耐退色性の性能の発現を考慮すると、熱可塑性樹脂に該色素を直接溶融混錬して着色された不織布での作製方法が好ましい。 The nonwoven fabric covering material of the present invention refers to a form of a nonwoven fabric composed of a thermoplastic resin typified by polypropylene or polyester. Examples of the method for producing the nonwoven fabric include a method such as a dry method, a wet method, and a direct method (spun bond method, melt blow method, flash spinning method, etc.) after the photoselective material is mixed with the resin. In addition, after molding the thermoplastic resin into a nonwoven fabric, a method of coating or impregnating a photoselective material may be adopted. In consideration of the high light transmittance of the material and the weather resistance and fading resistance of the photoselective material, a production method using a non-woven fabric colored by directly melting and kneading the pigment in a thermoplastic resin is preferable.
本発明の光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材において、前記Ｒ／ＦＲ比を０．９２〜１．００の範囲にするためには、被覆材が６００〜７００ｎｍに吸収あるいは反射を持つ必要があり、本発明の被覆材では、その基材中に６００〜７００ｎｍに吸収波長を有する光選択性材料を含有させる。本発明で用いる６００〜７００ｎｍに吸収波長を有する光選択透過性の機能を発現する赤色吸収色素成分としては、色素成分本来の光選択透過性、耐候性、耐退色性、基材樹脂への分散性などを考慮すると、フタロシアニン化合物、アントラキノン化合物、ナフトキノン化合物のいずれか１種類以上から構成される赤色吸収有機顔料色素を採用することが好ましい。 In the light selective transmission agricultural non-woven covering material of the present invention, in order to make the R / FR ratio in the range of 0.92 to 1.00, the covering material needs to have absorption or reflection at 600 to 700 nm. In the coating material of the present invention, a photoselective material having an absorption wavelength at 600 to 700 nm is contained in the base material. As the red-absorbing dye component exhibiting a light selective transmission function having an absorption wavelength at 600 to 700 nm used in the present invention, the original light selective transmission, weather resistance, fading resistance, and dispersion in the base resin are used. In view of the properties, it is preferable to employ a red absorbing organic pigment dye composed of at least one of a phthalocyanine compound, an anthraquinone compound, and a naphthoquinone compound.
また、本発明の光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材は、光を透過させたとき４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲にある必要があり、光合成有効放射透過率が７８％未満では植物に対する遮光性が高くて、植物が本来必要とされる太陽光量が不足がちとなり、そのために所定植物の栄養生長促進（例えば収量増加、草丈伸張）、花芽分化促進・抑制（例えば開花時期の調整）、味覚の向上（例えば体内栄養成分の調整、体内硝酸態窒素の調整）など、本来の被覆栽培目的とする高品質の栽培方法を目指す植物生長制御には適さない。 Moreover, the light selective transmission agricultural non-woven fabric covering material of the present invention needs to have a photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm in a range of 78 to 90% when transmitting light. If it is less than 78%, the light-shielding property for the plant is high, and the amount of sunlight that the plant originally needs tends to be insufficient. Adjustment of flowering time), improvement of taste (for example, adjustment of nutrients in the body, adjustment of nitrate nitrogen in the body) and the like are not suitable for plant growth control aiming at high-quality cultivation methods originally intended for cover cultivation.
尚、本発明の光選択性農業用不織布被覆材の４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲に調整して作製する方法としては、添加配合する上記赤色吸収色素の種類の他に、その配合添加量の調整が係わり、その場合、目的とする栽培効果を勘案すると、上記赤色吸収色素の添加量は、好ましくは０．０１〜０．５％、さらに好ましくは０．０５〜０．４％の配合調整が好ましい。
また、光選択性農業用不織布被覆材の４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲に調整して作製する方法としては、それ以外に、不織布自体本来の光線透過率を左右する要因、すなわち、不織布の構成樹脂、繊維径、目付けなどが係わっており、その場合、目的とする光線透過性の他に、資材強度や各種性能を勘案すると、構成樹脂はポリプロピレン、ポリアミド、ポリエステル（いずれも単一構成品）、あるいはポリエステル（芯）／ポリエチレン（鞘）の２層構成品が好ましく、その場合の作製された不織布の繊維径は１〜１５ｄの範囲のものが好ましく、また、不織布の目付けは１０〜３０ｇ／ｍ２の範囲のものが好ましい。
In addition, as a method of adjusting and producing the photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400-700 nm of the nonwoven fabric covering material for photoselective agriculture of this invention in the range of 78-90%, the kind of the said red absorption pigment | dye to add and mix | blend In addition, the adjustment of the blending addition amount is involved, and in that case, when the intended cultivation effect is taken into consideration, the addition amount of the red absorbing pigment is preferably 0.01 to 0.5%, more preferably 0.05. A blending adjustment of ~ 0.4% is preferred.
In addition, as a method of adjusting the photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm of the photoselective agricultural nonwoven fabric covering material within the range of 78 to 90%, other than that, the nonwoven fabric itself has its original light transmittance. Factors, that is, the constituent resin of the nonwoven fabric, fiber diameter, basis weight, etc. In that case, considering the material strength and various performances in addition to the desired light transmittance, the constituent resins are polypropylene, polyamide, and polyester. (Each is a single component) or a two-layer component of polyester (core) / polyethylene (sheath) is preferable, and the fiber diameter of the produced nonwoven fabric is preferably in the range of 1 to 15d, The basis weight of the nonwoven fabric is preferably in the range of 10 to 30 g / m 2 .
尚、本発明の光選択性農業用不織布被覆材には農業用被覆資材として必要な各種添加剤、例えば紫外線吸収剤、酸化防止剤、耐候安定剤、滑剤、各種界面活性剤等を適宜添加することができる。 In addition, various additives necessary as an agricultural coating material, for example, ultraviolet absorbers, antioxidants, weathering stabilizers, lubricants, various surfactants, and the like are appropriately added to the photoselective agricultural nonwoven fabric coating material of the present invention. be able to.
本発明の光選択性農業用不織布被覆材は、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲で、かつ標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする６００〜７００ｎｍの赤色光の光量子束透過量をＲ、標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする７００〜８００ｎｍの遠赤色光の光量子束透過量をＦＲとしたときの両者の比（Ｒ／ＦＲ）が０．９２〜１．００の範囲にあることを特徴とする光選択透過性農業用不織布被覆材であるが、光合成有効放射透過率が７８〜９０％の範囲で、かつ、Ｒ／ＦＲ比を０．９２〜１．００の範囲とすることで、植物が本来必要とされる太陽光量を十分に確保するとともに、被覆内の光質環境を長日条件環境に変えることができ、これにより、植物が体内に本来有する光受容物質に作用する。特に、その光受容体の１種であるフィトクロム（赤色光吸収型構造体（不活性型）と遠赤色光吸収型構造体(活性型)の可逆構造体）に強く作用して、植物の生長（栄養生長、生殖生長）に影響を与えることができる。
その結果、作物に該光選択性農業用不織布被覆材を被覆することで、所定の作物、例えば葉栽類の栄養生長促進（生育促進）や、短日性植物の生殖生長促進（花芽分化促進）を行うことが期待される。
The photoselective agricultural non-woven coating material of the present invention has a photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm in the range of 78 to 90% and a photon flux transmission amount of red light of 600 to 700 nm based on the standard light source D65. R and the ratio (R / FR) is in the range of 0.92 to 1.00, where R is the photon flux transmission amount of 700 to 800 nm far-red light with reference to the standard light source D65 as FR. Although it is the light selective transmission agricultural non-woven fabric covering material characterized in that the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance is in the range of 78-90% and the R / FR ratio is in the range of 0.92-1.00. It is possible to secure a sufficient amount of sunlight necessary for the plant, and to change the light quality environment in the coating to a long-day condition environment, thereby acting on a photoreceptor substance that the plant originally has in the body. In particular, it strongly acts on phytochrome (a reversible structure of red light absorption structure (inactive type) and far red light absorption type structure (active type)), which is one of its photoreceptors, to grow plants. Can affect (vegetative growth, reproductive growth).
As a result, by covering the crop with the non-woven coating material for photoselective agriculture, promotion of vegetative growth (growth promotion) of predetermined crops such as leafy plants, promotion of reproduction growth of short-day plants (promotion of flower bud differentiation) ) Is expected to do.
本発明の被覆材料を園芸施設に適用する方法としては、該被覆材料で作物全体あるいは作物の一部に対して、周囲全面、あるいは光が入射してくる少なくとも一面を被覆する方法であれば特に限定されるものではないが、例えば、上記の方法で作製した該被覆材をトンネルハウスに用いる方法、内張り被覆材に用いる方法、べた掛け資材に用いる方法、袋掛け資材に用いる方法等、各種方法を用いることができる。 As a method of applying the coating material of the present invention to a horticultural facility, the entire material or a part of the crop is covered with the coating material as long as it covers the entire surrounding surface or at least one surface on which light is incident. Although not limited, for example, various methods such as a method of using the coating material produced by the above method for a tunnel house, a method of using a lining coating material, a method of using a flat hanging material, a method of using a bag hanging material, etc. Can be used.
本発明について、以下の具体的な実施例および比較例により、さらに詳細に説明する。
尚、実施例中の４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率、標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする６００〜７００ｎｍの赤色光の光量子束透過量（Ｒ）、標準光源Ｄ６５を基準とする７００〜８００ｎｍの遠赤色光の光量子束透過量（ＦＲ）の比（Ｒ／ＦＲ値）は、日立製作所製分光光度計（Ｕ−３５００）を用いて測定した透過量の分光透過率より計算して得た。
The present invention will be described in more detail with reference to the following specific examples and comparative examples.
In the examples, photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance of 400 to 700 nm, 600 to 700 nm red light photon flux transmission amount (R) based on the standard light source D65, and 700 to 800 nm far light of the standard light source D65 as a reference. The ratio (R / FR value) of the photon flux transmission amount (FR) of red light was obtained by calculation from the spectral transmittance of the transmission amount measured using a Hitachi spectrophotometer (U-3500).
（実施例１）
銅フタロシアニンブルー０．２重量部とポリプロピレン（融点１６０℃）１００重量部を２３０℃で溶融混合した後、スパンボンド成形機を用いて、目付け１９ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径１０ｄの着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は８４％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は０．９６であった。
（実施例２）
実施例１において、銅フタロシアニンブルーの配合量を０．１重量部に変更して、実施例１と同様の方法にて目付け１９ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径１０ｄの着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は８７％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は０．９９であった。
（実施例３）
実施例１において、赤色吸収色素成分をアントラキノン化合物類のインダンスロンブルー０．２重量部に代えて、実施例１と同様の方法にて目付け２０ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径９ｄの着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は８２％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は０．９８であった。
（実施例４）
実施例１において、不織布樹脂構成を芯部樹脂をポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂１００重量部、鞘部樹脂を銅フタロシアニンブルー０．２重量部と低密度ポリエチレン樹脂（融点１２５℃）１００重量部からなる組成で、層比が芯部：鞘部＝３：１の２層構成の繊維を作製して、これをスパンボンド成形機を用いて、目付け１５ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径６ｄのポリエステル系着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は８２％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は０．９９であった。
Example 1
After 0.2 parts by weight of copper phthalocyanine blue and 100 parts by weight of polypropylene (melting point: 160 ° C.) were melt-mixed at 230 ° C., a colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 19 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 10 d was produced using a spunbond molding machine. . As a result of measuring light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 84%, and the R / FR value was 0.96.
(Example 2)
In Example 1, the amount of copper phthalocyanine blue was changed to 0.1 parts by weight, and a colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 19 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 10 d was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of measuring the light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 87%, and the R / FR value was 0.99.
(Example 3)
A colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 20 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 9d was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that 0.2 parts by weight of anthraquinone compounds, Indanthrone Blue, was used as the red absorbing pigment component. did. As a result of measuring light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 82%, and the R / FR value was 0.98.
Example 4
In Example 1, the non-woven resin composition is composed of 100 parts by weight of polyethylene terephthalate resin as the core resin, 0.2 parts by weight of copper phthalocyanine blue as the sheath resin, and 100 parts by weight of low density polyethylene resin (melting point 125 ° C.). A two-layered fiber having a layer ratio of core: sheath = 3: 1 was prepared, and a polyester-based colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 15 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 6d was prepared using a spunbond molding machine. . As a result of measuring light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 82%, and the R / FR value was 0.99.
（比較例１）
実施例１において、赤色吸収色素成分を配合しないで、同様の方法にて目付け１９ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径１０ｄの着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は９２％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は１．０８であった。
（比較例２）
実施例１において、銅フタロシアニンブルーの配合量を０．６重量部に変更して、実施例１と同様の方法にて目付け１９ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径３ｄの着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は６８％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は０．７２であった。
（比較例３）
実施例４において、不織布樹脂構成を芯部樹脂をポリエチレンテレフタレート樹脂１００重量部、鞘部樹脂を低密度ポリエチレン樹脂（融点１２５℃）１００重量部からなる組成で、層比が芯部：鞘部＝３：１の構成の繊維を作製して、これをスパンボンド成形機を用いて、目付け１５ｇ／ｍ２、繊維径６ｄのポリエステル系着色不織布を作製した。この不織布１ｍ２に対して、赤色吸収色素成分としてチオニンブルーＧＯを０．０２ｇ／水１リットルの比率で加圧加熱含浸法にて色素を繊維の表面にコーティングを行い、着色不織布を作製した。本不織布を分光光度計にて光線透過特性を測定した結果、４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率は８３％、Ｒ／ＦＲ値は１．０２であった。
(Comparative Example 1)
In Example 1, a colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 19 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 10 d was produced in the same manner without blending the red absorbing pigment component. As a result of measuring light transmission characteristics of the nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 92%, and the R / FR value was 1.08.
(Comparative Example 2)
In Example 1, the compounding amount of copper phthalocyanine blue was changed to 0.6 parts by weight, and a colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 19 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 3d was produced in the same manner as in Example 1. As a result of measuring the light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 68%, and the R / FR value was 0.72.
(Comparative Example 3)
In Example 4, the non-woven resin composition is composed of 100 parts by weight of the polyethylene resin terephthalate resin as the core resin and 100 parts by weight of the low-density polyethylene resin (melting point 125 ° C.) as the sheath resin, and the layer ratio is core: sheath = A fiber having a configuration of 3: 1 was prepared, and a polyester-based colored nonwoven fabric having a basis weight of 15 g / m 2 and a fiber diameter of 6d was prepared using a spunbond molding machine. The nonwoven fabric 1m 2 was coated with a dye on the surface of the fiber by pressure heating impregnation at a ratio of 0.02 g / water 1 liter of thionine blue GO as a red absorbing dye component to prepare a colored nonwoven fabric. As a result of measuring light transmission characteristics of this nonwoven fabric with a spectrophotometer, the photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance at 400 to 700 nm was 83%, and the R / FR value was 1.02.
（栽培試験）
実施例１、実施例２、比較例１、比較例２、比較例３で得られた着色不織布を用いて、２００３年１２月初旬から２００４年３月下旬までの栽培期間（不織布の被覆期間：１月初旬から３月中旬、被覆方法：トンネル掛け、栽培場所：三重県一志郡嬉野町）でホウレンソウ栽培を行った。その際、被覆終了後に不織布被覆材を回収して水洗して汚れを落とした後、分光光度計を用いて４００〜７００ｎｍの光合成有効放射透過率、およびＲ／ＦＲ値を測定した。
また、栽培終了後での収穫されたホウレンソウの１０株当りの重量を計測した。その結果を表１に示す。
この結果から、本発明実施例の不織布によれば、展張前から展張後においても７８％以上の光合成有効放射透過率を保持しつつ、長期展張後においてもＲ／ＦＲ値の変化が少なく、そのためホウレンソウの収穫量においても、無被覆の場合、無色不織布を用いた場合（比較例１）、本発明の範囲外の着色不織布を用いた場合（比較例２、比較例３）に比べて、格段に優れた効果を有していることが確認される。
(Cultivation test)
Using the colored nonwoven fabrics obtained in Example 1, Example 2, Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2, and Comparative Example 3, the cultivation period from the beginning of December 2003 to the end of March 2004 (nonwoven fabric coating period: From early January to mid-March, spinach cultivation was carried out in a covering method: tunneling, cultivation place: Ureshino-cho, Isshi-gun, Mie Prefecture). At that time, after the coating was completed, the nonwoven fabric coating material was collected, washed with water to remove dirt, and then a photosynthesis effective radiation transmittance and an R / FR value of 400 to 700 nm were measured using a spectrophotometer.
Moreover, the weight per 10 strains of the harvested spinach after completion of cultivation was measured. The results are shown in Table 1.
From this result, according to the nonwoven fabric of the embodiment of the present invention, the R / FR value hardly changed even after long-term stretching, while maintaining a photosynthetic effective radiation transmittance of 78% or more even before and after stretching. Also in the amount of spinach harvested, when uncoated, when using a colorless non-woven fabric (Comparative Example 1), when compared with using a colored non-woven fabric outside the scope of the present invention (Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3), It is confirmed that it has an excellent effect.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2010073423A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Kamahara Masataka | Mechanism for protecting cultivation house from wind |
| WO2013022045A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | 三井化学株式会社 | Agricultural covering material |
| WO2014046070A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-27 | 三井化学株式会社 | Covering material for agricultural use, and method for producing same |
| CN106296753A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州师范大学 | A kind of method extracting lichen coverage based on Lab color space algorithm |
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| JP2001148951A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-06-05 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Near infrared radiation screening and coating material having improved plant growth |
| JP2001231381A (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-28 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Light property-changing/selective covering material for agriculture and horticulture |
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Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2001148951A (en) * | 1999-11-22 | 2001-06-05 | Kureha Chem Ind Co Ltd | Near infrared radiation screening and coating material having improved plant growth |
| JP2001231381A (en) * | 2000-02-18 | 2001-08-28 | Nippon Soda Co Ltd | Light property-changing/selective covering material for agriculture and horticulture |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2010073423A1 (en) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | Kamahara Masataka | Mechanism for protecting cultivation house from wind |
| WO2013022045A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2013-02-14 | 三井化学株式会社 | Agricultural covering material |
| CN103732054A (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2014-04-16 | 三井化学株式会社 | Agricultural covering material |
| US20140173981A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2014-06-26 | Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. | Agricultural covering material |
| JPWO2013022045A1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2015-03-05 | 三井化学株式会社 | Agricultural coating |
| KR101606296B1 (en) * | 2011-08-08 | 2016-03-24 | 미쓰이 가가쿠 가부시키가이샤 | Agricultural covering material |
| WO2014046070A1 (en) * | 2012-09-19 | 2014-03-27 | 三井化学株式会社 | Covering material for agricultural use, and method for producing same |
| CN106296753A (en) * | 2016-07-26 | 2017-01-04 | 杭州师范大学 | A kind of method extracting lichen coverage based on Lab color space algorithm |
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