JP2006114312A - Charging method of lead acid storage battery - Google Patents

Charging method of lead acid storage battery Download PDF

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JP2006114312A
JP2006114312A JP2004299859A JP2004299859A JP2006114312A JP 2006114312 A JP2006114312 A JP 2006114312A JP 2004299859 A JP2004299859 A JP 2004299859A JP 2004299859 A JP2004299859 A JP 2004299859A JP 2006114312 A JP2006114312 A JP 2006114312A
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JP4747549B2 (en
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Tetsushi Kajikawa
哲志 梶川
Hiroyuki Imai
宏之 今井
Yasuyuki Yoshihara
靖之 吉原
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Panasonic Holdings Corp
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Matsushita Electric Industrial Co Ltd
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To perform appropriately charging without excess and deficiency regardless of the state before charging of a lead acid storage battery, even in the case the internal resistance and charging efficiency have been changed by repeated charge and discharge of the lead acid storage battery. <P>SOLUTION: This is a charging method which has a charging step of N (N is a natural number of 3 or more) stages and in which the charging current is reduced at each charging step and based on the measurement of the charging electricity amount C<SB>1</SB>and the battery temperature T of a first stage, the charging time t<SB>N</SB>of the Nth stage is determined. When charging with a charging time t<SB>N</SB>of a prescribed value t<SB>c</SB>has been carried out consecutively for a prescribed number of times (r), the charging time t<SB>N</SB>of the Nth charging stage in the next charging is established at least at the prescribed value t<SB>c</SB>or more regardless of the foregoing. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、鉛蓄電池の充電方法、特に電動車用といったサイクル用途に用いられる鉛蓄電池の充電方法に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a method for charging a lead storage battery, and more particularly to a method for charging a lead storage battery used for cycle applications such as for electric vehicles.

鉛蓄電池の充電方法として、充電中、一定の電流で充電する定電流充電の一種である定電流多段充電が用いられている。これは、充電電流を充電の進行に伴い段階的に減少させる方式である。この方式は最終の電流が小さいので水の分解が少なく、また電池温度の上昇が少ないという利点がある。   As a method for charging a lead storage battery, constant current multistage charging, which is a kind of constant current charging in which charging is performed at a constant current during charging, is used. This is a method in which the charging current is gradually reduced as the charging progresses. This method has the advantages that the final current is small, so there is little water decomposition and there is little increase in battery temperature.

近年では、鉛蓄電池の充電方法は鉛蓄電池の能力を十分に発揮させる上で、過不足のない適正な充電が求められている。そこで、上記のような定電流多段充電において、過不足のない適正な充電を行うために、様々な充電方法が提案されてきた。   In recent years, the lead-acid battery charging method is required to be charged appropriately without excess or deficiency in order to fully demonstrate the ability of the lead-acid battery. Therefore, various charging methods have been proposed in order to perform appropriate charging without excess or deficiency in constant current multistage charging as described above.

例えば、特許文献１では、１段目において、鉛蓄電池を所定の充電電流で充電し、電池電圧が所定値に達した時点で２段目に移行し、２段目では１段目の充電電流よりも段階的に低い充電電流で定電流充電を行う２段定電流充電において、２段目の充電時間ｔ2を１段目の充電時間ｔ1を基準として設定制御し、放電電気量に一定の定数を乗じることにより設定した必要電気量を充電する。ここでは、鉛蓄電池の放電時にその放電電流、放電時間を測定し、放電電気量を積算し、放電電気量に一定の係数を乗じることにより設定した必要電気量を充電する。 For example, in Patent Document 1, in the first stage, the lead storage battery is charged with a predetermined charging current, and when the battery voltage reaches a predetermined value, the process proceeds to the second stage, and in the second stage, the first stage charging current. In two-stage constant-current charging, in which constant-current charging is performed at a stepwise lower charging current, the second-stage charging time t 2 is set and controlled based on the first-stage charging time t 1 , and the discharge electricity quantity is constant. The required amount of electricity set by multiplying the constant is charged. Here, when the lead storage battery is discharged, its discharge current and discharge time are measured, the amount of discharge electricity is integrated, and the required amount of electricity set by multiplying the amount of discharge electricity by a certain coefficient is charged.

さらに、特許文献２では、上述の２段定電流充電において、１段目の充電時間ｔ1と電池温度Ｔに基づいて２段目の充電時間ｔ2を決定することにより、鉛蓄電池に過不足のない適正な充電を行うことが示されている。
特開平７−７８６３７号公報 特開平１１−８９１０４号公報 Further, in Patent Document 2, in the above-described two-stage constant current charging, the lead-acid battery is excessive or insufficient by determining the second-stage charging time t 2 based on the first-stage charging time t 1 and the battery temperature T. It has been shown to perform a proper charge without.
JP-A-7-78637 JP 11-89104 A

しかしながら、上記したような従来の充電方法では、以下のような課題を有していた。すなわち、電池温度が一定しない使用条件では１段目から２段目への切替え電圧を温度補正することにより１０〜４０℃の範囲では鉛蓄電池への充電電気量を適正な範囲とすることが可能である。ところが、切替え電圧の温度補正のみでは、１０℃を下回るような低温領域では充電不足、４０℃を上回るような高温領域では過充電となり、適正な電気量を充電することが困難であった。   However, the conventional charging method as described above has the following problems. In other words, under usage conditions where the battery temperature is not constant, the amount of electricity charged to the lead-acid battery can be set to an appropriate range in the range of 10 to 40 ° C by correcting the temperature of the switching voltage from the first stage to the second stage. It is. However, with only the temperature correction of the switching voltage, charging is insufficient in a low temperature region below 10 ° C., and overcharging is performed in a high temperature region above 40 ° C., making it difficult to charge an appropriate amount of electricity.

さらに、鉛蓄電池を製造した直後と、その後充放電サイクルを繰り返した後では、鉛蓄電池の内部抵抗が上昇したり、充電効率が低下しているため、同じ１段目充電時間と電池温度であっても、２段目の適正な充電量も変化している。したがって、製造直後の鉛蓄電池において、適正な充電電気量が確保できる設定とした場合、充放電サイクルを繰り返すうちに充電不足が生じて容量低下を起こしてしまう。   Furthermore, immediately after manufacturing the lead storage battery and after repeating the charge / discharge cycle thereafter, the internal resistance of the lead storage battery has increased or the charging efficiency has decreased. However, the appropriate charge amount in the second stage has also changed. Therefore, in the lead storage battery immediately after manufacture, when setting is made such that an appropriate amount of charge electricity can be secured, shortage of charge occurs while the charge / discharge cycle is repeated, resulting in a decrease in capacity.

そのため、充放電サイクルを繰り返した後でも充電不足を起こさないように初期の過充電量を多めに設定した場合、過充電によって急激にサイクル寿命が低下するという課題があり、適正な充電量の設定は極めて困難であった。   Therefore, if the initial overcharge amount is set to a large value so as not to cause insufficient charge even after repeated charge / discharge cycles, there is a problem that the cycle life is suddenly reduced due to overcharge, and setting an appropriate charge amount Was extremely difficult.

本発明は、鉛蓄電池の充電前の状態にかかわらず、また、鉛蓄電池を繰り返して充放電することによって、その内部抵抗や充電効率が変化した場合においても、過不足のない適正な充電を行う鉛蓄電池の充電方法を提供するものである。   The present invention performs appropriate charging without excess or deficiency, regardless of the state before charging of the lead storage battery, or by repeatedly charging and discharging the lead storage battery, even when its internal resistance or charging efficiency changes. A method for charging a lead storage battery is provided.

上記目的を達成するために、本発明の請求項１に係る発明は、Ｎ（Ｎ≧３以上の自然数）段の充電ステップを有し、１段からＮ−１段の充電ステップにおいて、ｋを２≦ｋ≦Ｎ−１である自然数としたときに、ｋ−１段目の充電ステップで鉛蓄電池を充電電流Ｉk-1で電池電圧ＶがＶｒに到達するまで充電し、ｋ段目の充電ステップに移行し、ｋ段目の充電ステップにおいて、前記鉛蓄電池をＩk-1＞Ｉkである充電電流Ｉkで電池電圧ＶがＶｒになるまで充電し、１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔを計測し、充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔに応じてＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを決定し、Ｎ−１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電流をＩN-1としたときに、ＩN-1≧ＩNである充電電流ＩNで前記鉛蓄電池を前記充電時間ｔN間充電する鉛蓄電池の充電方法であって、充電回数を計測するステップを有し、前記充電時間ｔNが所定値ｔc未満である充電が所定回数（ｒ）連続して行われた場合、前記にかかわらず、次回の充電におけるＮ段目の充電ステップの充電時間ｔNを少なくとも前記所定値ｔc以上に設定することを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の充電方法を示すものである。 In order to achieve the above object, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention has N (N ≧ N is a natural number greater than or equal to 3) stages of charging steps, and k is set to 1 to N−1 stages of charging steps. When the natural number is 2 ≦ k ≦ N−1, the lead storage battery is charged with the charging current I k−1 in the k− 1th charging step until the battery voltage V reaches Vr. In the charging step of the k-th stage, the lead storage battery is charged with the charging current I k satisfying I k-1 > I k until the battery voltage V becomes Vr. The charging electric quantity C 1 and the battery temperature T are measured, the N-th charging time t N is determined according to the charging electric quantity C 1 and the battery temperature T, and the charging current in the N−1th charging step is expressed as I when the N-1, between I N-1 ≧ I N a is the charge current I N at the lead-acid battery the charging time t N charge A method for charging a lead-acid battery, comprising the step of measuring the number of times of charging, and when the charging time t N is less than a predetermined value t c and is continuously performed a predetermined number of times (r), though, shows a charging method for lead-acid batteries and setting at least the predetermined value or more t c a charging time t N of the charging step of the N-th stage in the next charging.

本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法は、上記の構成を有し、定電流多段充電の最終段の充電時間を適切に制御することにより、過充電量を低減し、かつ充電不足を抑制する。これにより、広範な温度範囲や使用条件においても、サイクル使用における充電電気量を適切に制御でき、鉛蓄電池のサイクル寿命特性を顕著に改善できる。   The method for charging a lead storage battery of the present invention has the above-described configuration, and appropriately controls the charging time of the final stage of constant current multistage charging, thereby reducing the overcharge amount and suppressing insufficient charging. Thereby, even in a wide temperature range and use conditions, the charge electricity amount in cycle use can be appropriately controlled, and the cycle life characteristics of the lead storage battery can be remarkably improved.

以下、本発明の実施の形態を、図面を参照しながら説明する。   Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

図１は本発明の鉛蓄電池の第１の実施形態による充電方法における充電パターンを示す図である。   FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a charging pattern in the charging method according to the first embodiment of the lead storage battery of the present invention.

本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電パターンは図１に示したような、Ｎ段（Ｎは３以上の自然数）の充電ステップから構成される。１段目からＮ−１段目間は、電池電圧が検知電圧Ｖｒに到達したことを検知し、次段の充電ステップに以降する。すなわち、ｋを２≦ｋ≦Ｎ−１である自然数としたときに、ｋ−１段目の充電ステップで鉛蓄電池を充電電流Ｉk-1で電池電圧ＶがＶｒに到達するまで充電し、次段であるｋ段目の充電ステップに移行し、ｋ段目の充電ステップにおいて、鉛蓄電池をＩk-1＞Ｉkである充電電流Ｉkで電池電圧ＶがＶｒになるまで充電を行う。Ｎ−１段目の充電ステップにおいて、電池電圧ＶがＶｒに到達した時点でＮ段目の充電ステップに以降する。このように、充電電流を段階的に減少させることにより、各充電ステップでの電池からのガス発生と、これによる電解液中の水分減少と電池内部抵抗の増大を抑制する。 The charge pattern of the lead storage battery of the present invention is composed of N steps (N is a natural number of 3 or more) of charge steps as shown in FIG. Between the first stage and the (N-1) th stage, it is detected that the battery voltage has reached the detection voltage Vr, and the subsequent charging step is performed. That is, when k is a natural number satisfying 2 ≦ k ≦ N−1, the lead storage battery is charged with the charging current I k−1 at the charging step of k−1 stage until the battery voltage V reaches Vr. The process proceeds to the k-th charging step, which is the next stage. In the k-th charging step, the lead storage battery is charged with the charging current I k satisfying I k−1 > I k until the battery voltage V reaches Vr. . In the (N-1) th charging step, when the battery voltage V reaches Vr, the Nth charging step is followed. In this way, by gradually reducing the charging current, gas generation from the battery at each charging step, thereby reducing moisture in the electrolyte and increasing battery internal resistance are suppressed.

充電ステップ数Ｎを増加させることにより、充電電流をより徐々に低下させることができるので、同一電気量を充電する時間はより短くできる。しかしながら、充電ステップ数Ｎを増加させると充電制御が複雑となる。実用上、充電ステップ数は３段、最大でも７〜８段でよい。   By increasing the number N of charging steps, the charging current can be gradually decreased, so that the time for charging the same amount of electricity can be shortened. However, increasing the number of charging steps N complicates charging control. Practically, the number of charging steps may be 3 steps, 7 to 8 steps at the maximum.

Ｎ段目の充電ステップでは、前段の充電電流ＩN-1としたときに、この充電電流ＩN-1以下の充電電流値ＩNで充電を行う。すなわち、ＩN-1≧ＩNとする。ここで、Ｎ段目の充電ステップにおける充電時間は、１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔを計測し、この充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔに応じてＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを決定する。なお、充電電流が一定である場合には、充電電気量の計測に換えて、一段目の充電時間ｔ1を計測し、Ｉ1×ｔ1として充電電気量Ｃ1を求めてもよい。 In the Nth charging step, charging is performed at a charging current value I N equal to or lower than the charging current I N-1 when the charging current I N-1 is set to the preceding stage. That is, I N-1 ≧ I N. Here, the charging time in the charging step of the N-th stage, the charged electricity quantity C 1 and the battery temperature T in the charging step of the first stage is measured, the N-th stage according to the charged electricity quantity C 1 and the battery temperature T to the determine the charging time t N. If the charging current is constant, the charging time t 1 of the first stage may be measured instead of measuring the charging charge, and the charging charge C 1 may be obtained as I 1 × t 1 .

１段目の充電電気量Ｃ1を計測することにより、充電前の電池の放電深度が推測できる。すなわち、放電深度が深い場合、１段目の充電電気量Ｃ1が増加する。深い放電深度の電池に適切な充電電気量を供給するため、Ｎ段目での充電電気量を増大させるよう、Ｎ段目の充電時間ｔNをより長く制御する。また、１段目の充電電気量Ｃ1が減少した場合には、電池の放電深度が浅いと推測できるため、Ｎ段目での充電電気量を減少させるよう、Ｎ段目の充電時間ｔNをより短く制御する。このようにｔNを制御することにより、電池の放電深度に応じた適切な充電電気量を電池に供給し、電池の過充電や充電不足を抑制する。 By measuring the first stage charge amount C 1 , the depth of discharge of the battery before charging can be estimated. That is, when the discharge depth is deep, the first stage charge amount C 1 increases. In order to supply an appropriate amount of charge electricity to a battery having a deep discharge depth, the N-th stage charging time t N is controlled to be longer so as to increase the amount of charge electricity at the N-th stage. Further, when the amount of charged electricity C 1 at the first stage is reduced, it can be estimated that the discharge depth of the battery is shallow. Therefore, the charging time t N at the Nth stage is set so as to reduce the amount of charged electricity at the Nth stage. Is controlled shorter. By controlling t N in this way, an appropriate amount of charge electricity corresponding to the discharge depth of the battery is supplied to the battery, and overcharging and insufficient charging of the battery are suppressed.

また、本発明では、Ｎ段目の充電時間を前記した１段目の充電電気量Ｃ1に加えて、１段目の充電ステップにおける電池温度Ｔによっても制御する。電池温度Ｔが上昇した場合、充電効率が増大し、電池に充電すべき充電電気量は減少する。反対に、電池温度Ｔが下降した場合、充電効率は低下し、電池に充電すべき充電電気量は増加する。本発明では、電池温度Ｔによる充電効率の変化を補正するため、同一の充電電気量Ｃ1において、電池温度Ｔの上昇とともに、Ｎ段目の充電時間ｔNを減少させ、電池温度Ｔの下降とともに充電時間ｔNを増加させる。これにより、電池温度Ｔが変化しても、電池の充電不足や過充電を抑制することができる。 In the present invention, the charging time of the N-th stage is controlled by the battery temperature T in the first-stage charging step in addition to the first-stage charging electricity amount C 1 . When the battery temperature T rises, the charging efficiency increases, and the amount of charge electricity that should be charged in the battery decreases. On the other hand, when the battery temperature T decreases, the charging efficiency decreases, and the amount of electricity to charge the battery increases. In the present invention, in order to correct the change in charging efficiency due to the battery temperature T, the N-th charging time t N is decreased and the battery temperature T is decreased with the increase in the battery temperature T at the same charge electricity amount C 1 . At the same time, the charging time t N is increased. Thereby, even if the battery temperature T changes, insufficient charging or overcharging of the battery can be suppressed.

本発明では、Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔから充電時間ｔNを決定するために、予め図２に示したようなＣ1，Ｔ−ｔNマップを設定しておき、Ｃ1値と電池温度Ｔから充電時間ｔNを決定することができる。なお、充電時間ｔNの設定は、初期状態の電池において、放電電気量に対して適切な充電電気量が確保できる時間とする。なお、放電電気量に対して適切な充電電気量は１０５〜１２５％であるが、この比率は電池品種毎に変わるため、電池毎に都度設定すべきである。 In the present invention, in order to determine the charging time t N from C 1 and the battery temperature T, a C 1 , T−t N map as shown in FIG. 2 is set in advance, and the C 1 value and the battery temperature T From this, the charging time t N can be determined. The charging time t N is set to a time during which an appropriate amount of charging electricity can be secured with respect to the amount of discharging electricity in the battery in the initial state. In addition, although the suitable charge electricity amount with respect to the discharge electricity amount is 105 to 125%, since this ratio changes for each battery type, it should be set for each battery.

なお、図２に示したような、充電時間ｔNを段階的に変更するマップにかえて、マップ内の一部もしくはすべての領域において、充電電気量Ｃ1および電池温度Ｔに対してｔNを連続して変化するマップとすることもできる。 In place of the map in which the charging time t N is changed stepwise as shown in FIG. 2, in some or all regions in the map, t N with respect to the charge electricity amount C 1 and the battery temperature T Can be a continuously changing map.

本発明においては、充電回数を計測するステップを有し、１充電毎に充電時間ｔNが所定値ｔc未満であったかどうかの判定を行い、ｔNがｔc未満であった充電が所定回数（ｒ）連続した場合、次回の充電におけるｔN値を強制的にｔc以上の値に設定する。 In the present invention, the method includes a step of measuring the number of times of charging, and for each charging, it is determined whether or not the charging time t N is less than a predetermined value t c , and charging where t N is less than t c is a predetermined number of times. (R) When continuous, the t N value in the next charge is forcibly set to a value equal to or greater than t c .

一般に電池の使用時間が長くなると、その内部抵抗が増加し、充電効率が低下する。内部抵抗の増加により、充電電圧が上昇するため、１段目の充電ステップの充電時間が短く、充電電気量Ｃ1が減少する。その結果、電池の放電深度は実際よりも浅いと判定され、ｔNをより短く設定され、充電効率の低下と相まって電池が充電不足に陥る危険性がある。 In general, as the battery usage time increases, the internal resistance increases and the charging efficiency decreases. Since the charging voltage increases due to the increase in internal resistance, the charging time of the first charging step is short, and the amount of charged electricity C 1 decreases. As a result, discharge depth of the battery is determined to be actually shallower than are shorter set to t N, there is a risk that combined battery and decrease in the charging efficiency falls insufficiently charged.

本発明では、充電回数を計測するステップを有し、この計測ステップにより、ｔNが所定値ｔc未満であった充電が所定回数（ｒ）連続した場合、次回の充電におけるＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを所定値ｔc以上とする。これにより、電池内部抵抗が増加した場合にも、適切な頻度で充電時間ｔNを強制的に増加させることにより、電池の充電不足を抑制することができる。 In the present invention, the method includes a step of measuring the number of times of charging, and when the charging in which t N is less than the predetermined value t c continues for a predetermined number of times (r) by this measuring step, the N-th stage charging in the next charging is performed. The time t N is set to a predetermined value t c or more. Thus, even when the battery internal resistance increases, the battery charging shortage can be suppressed by forcibly increasing the charging time t N at an appropriate frequency.

所定回数（ｒ）は大きいほど、全体の過充電量が少なくなるため、過充電量による電池の劣化は少なくなるが、前記したように、電池の内部抵抗の増大や、放電状態で放置された場合は、充電不足が進行しやすくなる。一方、所定回数（ｒ）が小さいほど、過充電量が増加しやすくなる。したがって、所定回数（ｒ）は電池が搭載された機器が実際に使われる頻度と、次回の使用までの放置期間と電池の自己放電量を勘案して、適切な回数を決めることが好ましく、例えば３〜６回程度に設定することができる。   As the predetermined number of times (r) is larger, the overall overcharge amount is reduced, so that the deterioration of the battery due to the overcharge amount is reduced. However, as described above, the internal resistance of the battery is increased or the battery is left in a discharged state. In this case, insufficient charging is likely to proceed. On the other hand, the smaller the predetermined number of times (r), the easier the overcharge amount increases. Therefore, the predetermined number (r) is preferably determined in consideration of the frequency with which a battery-equipped device is actually used, the leaving period until the next use, and the amount of self-discharge of the battery. It can be set to about 3 to 6 times.

本発明例および比較例による鉛蓄電池の充電方法により、１２Ｖ６０Ａｈの制御弁式鉛蓄電池を６個直列にした組電池のサイクル寿命試験をおこなった。試験条件は以下の２パターンとした。   A cycle life test of an assembled battery in which six control valve type lead acid batteries of 12V60Ah were connected in series was conducted by the method of charging lead acid batteries according to the present invention example and the comparative example. The test conditions were the following two patterns.

（試験パターン１）
パターン１のサイクル寿命試験は、２０Ａ×１時間放電＋１８０Ａ×３分２０秒間放電と、以下に示す本発明例１、比較例２もしくは比較例３による充電で構成される充放電サイクルを行う。この充放電サイクルの５０サイクル毎に２５℃で２０Ａ定電流放電（放電終止電圧９．９Ｖ）を行い、容量推移を確認した。なお、試験温度は５０サイクル毎に変え、２５℃で５０サイクル→４５℃で５０サイクル→２５℃で５０回→０℃で５０サイクルという温度サイクルを行った。 (Test pattern 1)
The cycle life test of the pattern 1 is a charge / discharge cycle composed of 20 A × 1 hour discharge + 180 A × 3 minutes 20 seconds discharge and charging according to Invention Example 1, Comparative Example 2 or Comparative Example 3 shown below. 20 A constant current discharge (discharge end voltage 9.9 V) was performed at 25 ° C. every 50 cycles of this charge / discharge cycle, and the capacity transition was confirmed. The test temperature was changed every 50 cycles, and a temperature cycle of 50 cycles at 25 ° C. → 50 cycles at 45 ° C. → 50 cycles at 25 ° C. → 50 cycles at 0 ° C. was performed.

（試験パターン２）
パターン２のサイクル寿命試験は、２０Ａ×１時間放電＋１８０Ａ×３分２０秒間放電と、以下に示す本発明例１、比較例２もしくは比較例３による充電で構成される充放電サイクルを行う。この充放電サイクルの５０サイクル毎に２５℃で２０Ａ定電流放電（放電終止電圧９．９Ｖ）を行い、容量推移を確認した。なお、試験温度は５０サイクル毎に変え、２５℃で５０サイクル→４５℃で５０サイクル→２５℃で５０サイクル→０℃で５０サイクルという温度サイクルを行った。そして、パターン２ではこの５０サイクル毎に行われる２０Ａ放電による容量確認の後に、試験電池を４０℃において２週間放電状態で放置した後、再び充電を行うサイクルとした。これは実使用時において、電池が使用され、充電されない状態で放置された場合を想定した。 (Test pattern 2)
The cycle life test of pattern 2 is a charge / discharge cycle composed of 20 A × 1 hour discharge + 180 A × 3 minutes 20 seconds discharge and charging according to Invention Example 1, Comparative Example 2 or Comparative Example 3 shown below. 20 A constant current discharge (discharge end voltage 9.9 V) was performed at 25 ° C. every 50 cycles of this charge / discharge cycle, and the capacity transition was confirmed. The test temperature was changed every 50 cycles, and a temperature cycle of 50 cycles at 25 ° C. → 50 cycles at 45 ° C. → 50 cycles at 25 ° C. → 50 cycles at 0 ° C. was performed. In pattern 2, after confirming the capacity by 20 A discharge performed every 50 cycles, the test battery was left in a discharged state at 40 ° C. for 2 weeks and then charged again. This is based on the assumption that the battery is used and left uncharged during actual use.

（本発明例）
前記した本発明の第１の実施形態によるものであり、図１に示した充電パターンにおいて、段数Ｎを５とした。１段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ1値を１２Ａ、２段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ2値を６Ａ、以下、３段目はＩ3＝３Ａ、４段目はＩ4＝１．５Ａ、５段目はＩ5＝１．２Ａとした。また各充電ステップで次のステップに切替える検知電圧Ｖｒは、電池温度Ｔ（℃）により制御を行い、Ｖｒ＝[２．４＋（２５−Ｔ）×０．００５]Ｖ／セルとした。ｔ5の所定時間ｔc＝２．５時間、所定回数ｒ＝４とした。 (Example of the present invention)
According to the first embodiment of the present invention described above, the number N of stages is set to 5 in the charging pattern shown in FIG. The charging current I 1 value of the first charging step is 12A, the charging current I 2 value of the second charging step is 6A, the third stage is I 3 = 3A, the fourth stage is I 4 = 1. 5A, 5 stage was I 5 = 1.2A. The detection voltage Vr to be switched to the next step in each charging step is controlled by the battery temperature T (° C.), and is set to Vr = [2.4+ (25−T) × 0.005] V / cell. The predetermined time t 5 is t c = 2.5 hours, and the predetermined number of times r is 4.

図２に示した１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電気量Ｃ1および電池温度ＴとＮ段目の充電時間ｔNとの関係を示すマップに基づき、充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔに応じて５段目の充電時間ｔ5を決定して充電した。そして、ｔ5が所定時間２．５時間未満の場合、すなわち、１．５時間もしくは０．５時間の場合が連続して４回続いた場合、次回の充電における充電時間ｔ5を所定時間ｔcである２．５時間とする制御を行った。 Based on the charge amount C 1 and the battery temperature T in the first charging step shown in FIG. 2 and the relationship between the N-th charging time t N and the charging amount C 1 and the battery temperature T. The fifth charging time t 5 was determined and charged. When t 5 is less than 2.5 hours, that is, when 1.5 hours or 0.5 hours continues four times continuously, the charging time t 5 in the next charging is changed to the predetermined time t. Control was carried out to c for 2.5 hours.

（比較例１）
比較例１の構成は、本発明例と同様の図１に示した充電パターンにおいて、５段目の充電時間ｔ5を図２に示したマップのみによって決定した。すなわち、本発明例では充電時間ｔ5が２．５時間未満、すなわち１．５時間もしくは０．５時間になった充電が４回連続した場合に、次回の充電を２．５時間としたが、比較例１では、そのような回数の計測は行わず、充電時間Ｃ1および電池温度Ｔと図２のマップのみにしたがって充電時間ｔ5を決定した。 (Comparative Example 1)
In the configuration of Comparative Example 1, in the charging pattern shown in FIG. 1 similar to the example of the present invention, the charging time t 5 at the fifth stage was determined only by the map shown in FIG. That is, in the example of the present invention, when the charging time t 5 is less than 2.5 hours, that is, when charging is 1.5 hours or 0.5 hours four times continuously, the next charging is set to 2.5 hours. In Comparative Example 1, the number of times was not measured, and the charging time t 5 was determined according to only the charging time C 1 and the battery temperature T and the map of FIG.

なお、１段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ1値を１２Ａ、２段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ2値を６Ａ、以下、３段目はＩ3＝３Ａ、４段目はＩ4＝１．５Ａ、５段目はＩ5＝１．２Ａとした。また各充電ステップで次のステップに切替える検知電圧Ｖｒは、電池温度Ｔ（℃）により制御を行い、Ｖｒ＝[２．４＋（２５−Ｔ）×０．００５]Ｖ／セルとした。 Note that the charging current I 1 value of the first charging step is 12 A, the charging current I 2 value of the second charging step is 6 A, hereinafter, the third stage is I 3 = 3 A, the fourth stage is I 4 = 1.5A, 5th stage was I 5 = 1.2A. The detection voltage Vr to be switched to the next step in each charging step is controlled by the battery temperature T (° C.), and is set to Vr = [2.4+ (25−T) × 0.005] V / cell.

（比較例２）
比較例２の構成は、比較例１の構成において、５段目の充電時間ｔ5を図３に示したマップによって決定するものとした。この図３に示したマップは図２のマップに比較して充電時間を長く設定することによって、電池内部抵抗の増大によっても、充電電気量が確保される設定とした。 (Comparative Example 2)
In the configuration of Comparative Example 2, the fifth charging time t 5 in the configuration of Comparative Example 1 is determined by the map shown in FIG. The map shown in FIG. 3 is set such that the amount of charge electricity is ensured by increasing the battery internal resistance by setting the charging time longer than the map of FIG.

なお、比較例２も、本発明例１および比較例１と同様、１段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ1値を１２Ａ、２段目の充電ステップの充電電流Ｉ2値を６Ａ、以下、３段目はＩ3＝３Ａ、４段目はＩ4＝１．５Ａ、５段目はＩ5＝１．２Ａとした。また各充電ステップで次のステップに切替える検知電圧Ｖｒは、電池温度Ｔ（℃）により制御を行い、Ｖｒ＝[２．４＋（２５−Ｔ）×０．００５]Ｖ／セルとした。 In Comparative Example 2, the charging current I 1 value of the first charging step is 12A, the charging current I 2 value of the second charging step is 6A, and the like, as in Invention Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, The third stage was I 3 = 3A, the fourth stage was I 4 = 1.5A, and the fifth stage was I 5 = 1.2A. The detection voltage Vr to be switched to the next step in each charging step is controlled by the battery temperature T (° C.), and is set to Vr = [2.4+ (25−T) × 0.005] V / cell.

本発明例、比較例１および比較例２についてそれぞれ試験パターン１および試験パターン２によるサイクル寿命試験の結果を図４に示す。図４より明らかなように、本発明例によるものは、いずれの試験パターンにおいても９５０〜１０００サイクルと比較例と対して極めて良好な寿命特性を有していることがわかる。   FIG. 4 shows the results of the cycle life test using Test Pattern 1 and Test Pattern 2 for the inventive example, Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2, respectively. As is apparent from FIG. 4, it can be seen that the sample according to the example of the present invention has a very good life characteristic with respect to the comparative example of 950 to 1000 cycles in any test pattern.

一方、比較例１のものは、充放電サイクルが連続する試験パターン１では、６６０サイクル程度の寿命特性が得られたものの、充放電サイクル中に放電状態での放置が入る試験パターン２においては、充電不足により、急激に容量低下し、４５０サイクルで寿命となった。これは、充放電サイクル中の放電状態の放置により、電池の内部抵抗が増加し、その結果、１段目の充電電気量Ｃ1が低下し、それに伴い、５段目での充電時間ｔ5が短い設定が連続するため、さらに充電不足が進行したものである。 On the other hand, in the test pattern 2 in which the charge / discharge cycle is continuous in the test pattern 1 in the comparative example 1, a life characteristic of about 660 cycles was obtained, but in the test pattern 2 in which the discharge state is left in the charge / discharge cycle, Due to insufficient charging, the capacity suddenly decreased and the life was reached after 450 cycles. This is because the internal resistance of the battery is increased by leaving the discharge state during the charge / discharge cycle, and as a result, the first stage charge electricity amount C 1 is lowered, and accordingly, the charge time t 5 at the fifth stage is reduced. However, since short settings continue, insufficient charging has further progressed.

また、比較例２のものは、充放電サイクル中に放電状態での放置が入る試験パターン２においては、７００サイクルの寿命特性が得られたものの、充放電サイクルが連続する試験パターン１では、過充電により、早期に容量低下し、３００サイクルで寿命となった。試験パターン２では、内部抵抗の増加によっても、５段目充電時間ｔ5が比較例１のものと比較して長いため、充電不足を抑制できる。ところが、放電状態の放置がない、試験パターン１では過充電となり、１００サイクルまでは電池の容量は増加するものの、その後急激に容量低下した。 Further, in the case of test pattern 2 in which the battery was left in a discharged state during the charge / discharge cycle, 700 cycles of life characteristics were obtained, but in test pattern 1 in which the charge / discharge cycle continued, Due to the charging, the capacity was quickly reduced and the life was reached after 300 cycles. In test pattern 2, the shortage of charging can be suppressed because the fifth stage charging time t 5 is longer than that of Comparative Example 1 even when the internal resistance increases. However, in the test pattern 1 in which the discharged state was not left, the battery was overcharged, and the battery capacity increased until 100 cycles, but then the capacity rapidly decreased.

以上から、本発明による鉛蓄電池の充電方法によれば、機器の実際の使用を想定した、充放電サイクル中に放電状態の放置が入る試験パターン２においても、最終のＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを適切に制御することにより、充電不足を抑制し、優れた寿命特性を得られることがわかる。また、連続して充放電が行われる使用形態においても優れた寿命特性が得られることがわかる。 From the above, according to the lead-acid battery charging method according to the present invention, the final N-stage charging time t also in the test pattern 2 in which the discharge state is left during the charge / discharge cycle, assuming actual use of the device. It can be seen that by controlling N appropriately, insufficient charging can be suppressed and excellent life characteristics can be obtained. Moreover, it turns out that the outstanding life characteristic is acquired also in the usage type in which charging / discharging is performed continuously.

以上、説明してきたように、本発明の鉛蓄電池の充電方法は、電動車用鉛蓄電池等の、サイクル用途で用いられる鉛蓄電池の充電方法として好適である。   As described above, the method for charging a lead storage battery of the present invention is suitable as a method for charging a lead storage battery used in cycle applications, such as a lead storage battery for an electric vehicle.

本発明の第１の実施形態における充電パターンを示す図The figure which shows the charge pattern in the 1st Embodiment of this invention 充電電気量Ｃ1および電池温度ＴからＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを求めるマップを示す図Shows a map for determining the charging time t N of the N-th stage from the charged electricity amount C 1 and the battery temperature T 比較例２における充電電気量Ｃ1および電池温度ＴからＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを求めるマップを示す図Shows a map for determining the charging time t N of the N-th stage from the charged electricity amount C 1 and the battery temperature T in Comparative Example 2 本発明例および比較例の充電方法による寿命試験結果を示す図The figure which shows the life test result by the charging method of this invention example and a comparative example

Claims (1)

Ｎ（Ｎ≧３以上の自然数）段の充電ステップを有し、
１段からＮ−１段の充電ステップにおいて、ｋを２≦ｋ≦Ｎ−１である自然数としたときに、ｋ−１段目の充電ステップで鉛蓄電池を充電電流Ｉk-1で電池電圧ＶがＶｒに到達するまで充電して、ｋ段目の充電ステップに移行し、
ｋ段目の充電ステップにおいて、前記鉛蓄電池をＩk-1＞Ｉkである充電電流Ｉkで電池電圧ＶがＶｒになるまで充電し、
１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔを計測し、
充電電気量Ｃ1と電池温度Ｔに応じてＮ段目の充電時間ｔNを決定し、
Ｎ−１段目の充電ステップにおける充電電流をＩN-1としたときに、ＩN-1≧ＩNである充電電流ＩNで前記鉛蓄電池を前記充電時間ｔN間充電する鉛蓄電池の充電方法であって、
充電回数を計測するステップを有し、
前記充電時間ｔNが所定値ｔc未満である充電が所定回数（ｒ）連続して行われた場合、前記にかかわらず、次回の充電におけるＮ段目の充電ステップの充電時間ｔNを少なくとも前記所定値ｔc以上に設定することを特徴とする鉛蓄電池の充電方法。 N (natural number greater than or equal to 3) stages of charging steps,
In the charging step from the first stage to the N−1 stage, when k is a natural number satisfying 2 ≦ k ≦ N−1, the lead storage battery is charged at the charging current I k−1 at the charging step of the k−1th stage. Charge until V reaches Vr, move to the kth charging step,
In the k-th charging step, the lead storage battery is charged with a charging current I k satisfying I k-1 > I k until the battery voltage V becomes Vr,
Measure the amount of electricity C 1 and the battery temperature T in the first charging step,
The N-th charging time t N is determined according to the amount of charge C 1 and the battery temperature T,
The charging current in the N-1 stage of the charging step when the I N-1, the lead-acid battery to be charged between I N-1 ≧ I N a is the charge current I N at the lead-acid battery the charging time t N Charging method,
A step of measuring the number of times of charging,
When the charging in which the charging time t N is less than the predetermined value t c is continuously performed a predetermined number of times (r), the charging time t N of the N-th charging step in the next charging is at least equal to the above. a method of charging a lead-acid battery and setting the above predetermined value t c.
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CN101800336A (en) * 2010-03-24 2010-08-11 衡阳瑞达电源有限公司 Valve-control sealed lead acid battery quick formation method
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CN101800336A (en) * 2010-03-24 2010-08-11 衡阳瑞达电源有限公司 Valve-control sealed lead acid battery quick formation method
CN102136613A (en) * 2011-02-18 2011-07-27 江苏技术师范学院 Valve-regulated lead-acid battery equalizing charge method
CN102263305A (en) * 2011-05-31 2011-11-30 江苏永达电源股份有限公司 Charging process for valve-regulated lead-acid storage battery
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JPWO2014057603A1 (en) * 2012-10-10 2016-08-25 パナソニックＩｐマネジメント株式会社 Fuel cell system including fuel cell and lead acid battery, and charging method thereof
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