JP2006098111A - Power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus - Google Patents

Power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus Download PDF

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JP2006098111A
JP2006098111A JP2004281849A JP2004281849A JP2006098111A JP 2006098111 A JP2006098111 A JP 2006098111A JP 2004281849 A JP2004281849 A JP 2004281849A JP 2004281849 A JP2004281849 A JP 2004281849A JP 2006098111 A JP2006098111 A JP 2006098111A
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power
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current
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voltage
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JP4371025B2 (en
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Hisashi Iwase
久 岩瀬
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Yokogawa Electric Corp
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Yokogawa Electric Corp
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To highly accurately measure efficiency by reducing the effects of measurement errors due to input resistance of a measuring system, which can not be reduced even by changing connections, in the efficiency measurement of a power converter such as an inverter. <P>SOLUTION: This power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus is provided with an input power measuring part for measuring input power on the basis of a voltage and a current on the input side of the power converter, an output power measuring part for measuring output power on the basis of a voltage and a current on the output side of the power converter, a current measuring part for measuring a current on the output power side, a voltage measuring part for measuring a voltage on the output power side, and an operation part for performing power conversion efficiency operation which negates measurement errors due to input resistance of a measuring system on the basis of measured values of the input power, the output power, and the voltage and the current on the output power side. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は電力変換効率測定装置に関するものであり、詳しくは、インバータなどの電力変換器の効率測定における誤差の軽減に関するものである。   The present invention relates to a power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus, and more particularly to reduction of errors in measuring efficiency of a power converter such as an inverter.

特許文献１は、電力計の電流入力部のような電流測定装置に関するものであり、電流センサまたはその周辺部分における電圧降下の補正に関する技術が開示されている。
具体的には、電流センサまたはその周辺部分における計器損失を測定することにより高精度の電流測定を行うことについて開示されているが、本発明のように効率測定時の測定誤差を小さくすることについての記載はない。 Patent Document 1 relates to a current measurement device such as a current input unit of a wattmeter, and discloses a technique related to correction of a voltage drop in a current sensor or a peripheral portion thereof.
Specifically, it has been disclosed to perform highly accurate current measurement by measuring instrument loss in the current sensor or its peripheral part, but to reduce the measurement error during efficiency measurement as in the present invention. There is no description.

特開２００３−３０２４２９JP 2003-302429 A

近年のモータを組み込んだ電気機器、例えばエアコンでは、電力変換器としてインバータを用いてモータの回転数を任意に調整できるように構成されている。これにより、従来モータの回転をオン・オフさせることにより行われていた断続的な温度調節に対して連続的なきめ細かい温度調節ができるようになり、消費電力の低減効果も大きいことから省エネルギーの面からも評価されている。   2. Description of the Related Art A recent electric device incorporating a motor, such as an air conditioner, is configured so that the number of rotations of the motor can be arbitrarily adjusted using an inverter as a power converter. As a result, it becomes possible to perform continuous and fine temperature control for intermittent temperature control that has been performed by turning the rotation of the motor on and off in the past. It is evaluated from.

ところで、このようなインバータの効率ηを測定するのにあたっては、インバータの入力電力Ｐ１と出力電力Ｐ２を測定し、次式で求めている。
η＝（Ｐ２/Ｐ１）×１００（％） (1) By the way, in measuring the efficiency η of such an inverter, the input power P1 and the output power P2 of the inverter are measured and obtained by the following equation.
η = (P2 / P1) × 100 (%) (1)

図２は従来のインバータの効率測定における接続関係の一例を示す説明図である。図２において、電源１はインバータ２を介してモータなどの負荷３に接続され、例えばモータを任意の回転数で回転駆動する。インバータ２の入力側には電圧入力部Ｖ１が並列接続されるとともに、電源１と直列に電流入力部Ａ１が接続されている。インバータ２の出力側にはモータ３と並列に電圧入力部Ｖ２が接続されるとともに、負荷３と直列に電流入力部Ａ２が接続されている。これら電流入力部Ａ１、Ａ２は交流電流を測定出力し、電圧入力部Ｖ１、Ｖ２は交流電圧を測定出力する。   FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of a connection relationship in efficiency measurement of a conventional inverter. In FIG. 2, a power source 1 is connected to a load 3 such as a motor via an inverter 2, and drives the motor to rotate at an arbitrary rotational speed, for example. A voltage input unit V 1 is connected in parallel to the input side of the inverter 2, and a current input unit A 1 is connected in series with the power source 1. On the output side of the inverter 2, a voltage input unit V <b> 2 is connected in parallel with the motor 3, and a current input unit A <b> 2 is connected in series with the load 3. These current input parts A1 and A2 measure and output alternating current, and the voltage input parts V1 and V2 measure and output alternating voltage.

図３は図２の接続関係に基づき効率測定を行うための構成例を示すブロック図である。電流入力部Ａ１は入力抵抗ＲA1を有し、電圧入力部Ｖ１は入力抵抗ＲV1を有し、電流入力部Ａ２は入力抵抗ＲA2を有し、電圧入力部Ｖ２は入力抵抗ＲV2を有している。これら電流入力部Ａ１の測定出力と電圧入力部Ｖ１の測定出力は電力測定部４に入力されて入力電力Ｐ１が測定され、電流入力部Ａ２の測定出力と電圧入力部Ｖ２の測定出力は電力測定部５に入力されて出力電力Ｐ２が測定される。これら電力測定部４と電力測定部５は、アナログ演算あるいはデジタル演算によりそれぞれ入力電力Ｐ１と出力電力Ｐ２を算出し、これら算出した入力電力Ｐ１と出力電力Ｐ２をデジタル値に変換してＣＰＵ６に入力する。ＣＰＵ６は効率ηを演算し、効率ηの演算結果を表示部７に表示する。 FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration example for performing efficiency measurement based on the connection relation of FIG. The current input unit A1 has an input resistor R A1 , the voltage input unit V1 has an input resistor R V1 , the current input unit A2 has an input resistor R A2 , and the voltage input unit V2 has an input resistor R V2 is doing. The measurement output of the current input unit A1 and the measurement output of the voltage input unit V1 are input to the power measurement unit 4 to measure the input power P1, and the measurement output of the current input unit A2 and the measurement output of the voltage input unit V2 are power measurement. The output power P2 is input to the unit 5 and measured. The power measuring unit 4 and the power measuring unit 5 calculate the input power P1 and the output power P2 by analog calculation or digital calculation, respectively, convert the calculated input power P1 and output power P2 into digital values, and input them to the CPU 6. To do. The CPU 6 calculates the efficiency η and displays the calculation result of the efficiency η on the display unit 7.

ところで、前述のように、電流入力部Ａ２には入力抵抗ＲA2が存在し、電圧入力部Ｖ２は入力抵抗ＲV2が存在することから、入力抵抗ＲV2に印加されている電圧をＶ、入力抵抗ＲA2を流れる電流をＡとすると、入力抵抗ＲV2で消費される電力ＰV2は、
ＰV2＝（Ｖ×Ｖ）/ＲV2 （Ｗ） (2)
になり、入力抵抗ＲA2で消費される電力ＰA2は、
ＰA2＝ＲA2×Ｉ×Ｉ （Ｗ） (3)
になる。
これにより、これら入力抵抗ＲV2と入力抵抗ＲA2で消費される電力ＰV2A2の合計は次のようになる。
ＰV2A2＝ＰV2＋ＰA2 （Ｗ） (4) Incidentally, as described above, there is an input resistance R A2 is the current input A2, since the voltage input V2 to the presence of the input resistance R V2, the voltage applied to the input resistor R V2 V, input When the current flowing through the resistor R A2 and a, is the power P V2 dissipated by the input resistor R V2,
P V2 = (V × V) / R V2 (W) (2)
Becomes, the power P A2 to be consumed by the input resistor R A2 is
P A2 = R A2 × I × I (W) (3)
become.
As a result, the sum of the power P V2A2 consumed by the input resistor R V2 and the input resistor R A2 is as follows.
P V2A2 = P V2 + P A2 (W) (4)

また、インバータ２で消費される電力をＰINV、負荷３で消費される電力をＰL、電圧入力部Ｖ１で消費される電力をＰV1、電流入力部Ａ１で消費される電力をＰA1とすると、測定器の測定誤差を除くとすれば、出力電力Ｐ２については、
Ｐ２＝ＰV2＋ＰL （Ｗ） (5)
の関係が成立し、入力電力Ｐ１については、
Ｐ１＝ＰV1＋ＰINV＋ＰV2A2＋ＰL （Ｗ） (6)
の関係が成立する。 Also, the power consumed by the inverter 2 is P INV , the power consumed by the load 3 is P L , the power consumed by the voltage input unit V1 is P V1 , and the power consumed by the current input unit A1 is P A1 . Then, if the measurement error of the measuring instrument is excluded, the output power P2 is
P2 = P V2 + P L (W) (5)
And the input power P1 is
P1 = P V1 + P INV + P V2A2 + P L (W) (6)
The relationship is established.

インバータ２の効率を測定する目的は、本来の効率をηTRUEとすると、
ηTRUE＝ＰL×１００/（ＰINV＋ＰL）（％） (7)
を求めることである。
ところが、図２の接続により測定されるインバータ２の効率ηは、
η＝（ＰV2＋ＰL）×１００/（ＰV1＋ＰINV＋ＰV2A2＋ＰL）（％） (8)
になる。 The purpose of measuring the efficiency of inverter 2 is to set the original efficiency to η TRUE
η TRUE = P L × 100 / (P INV + P L ) (%) (7)
Is to seek.
However, the efficiency η of the inverter 2 measured by the connection of FIG.
η = (P V2 + P L ) × 100 / (P V1 + P INV + P V2A2 + P L ) (%) (8)
become.

ここで、図２における接続を図４のように変更して、電源１と並列に電圧入力部Ｖ１を接続するとともにインバータ２の入力側に電流入力部Ａ１を直列接続し、インバータ２の出力側には並列に電圧入力部Ｖ２を接続するとともに負荷３と直列に電流入力部Ａ２を接続すると、図４の接続により測定されるインバータ２の効率ηは、
η＝（ＰA2＋ＰL）×１００/（ＰA1＋ＰINV＋ＰV2A2＋ＰL）（％） (9)
になる。 Here, the connection in FIG. 2 is changed as shown in FIG. 4, the voltage input unit V1 is connected in parallel with the power source 1, and the current input unit A1 is connected in series to the input side of the inverter 2, and the output side of the inverter 2 is connected. When the voltage input unit V2 is connected in parallel and the current input unit A2 is connected in series with the load 3, the efficiency η of the inverter 2 measured by the connection of FIG.
η = (P A2 + P L ) × 100 / (P A1 + P INV + P V2A2 + P L ) (%) (9)
become.

図２の結線を図４のように変えることにより、効率の式に含まれるＰV1とＰA1、ＰV2とＰV2が変わるため、測定者がこれらＰV1とＰA1、ＰV2とＰA2のどちらの影響が大きくなるかを考慮して結線を決めることにより、これらの影響を低減できる。
ところが、ＰV2A2の項については、結線を変えても低減することはできず、測定誤差として残存することになり、高精度の効率測定の阻害要因になっている。 By changing the connection of FIG. 2 as shown in FIG. 4, P V1 and P A1 , P V2 and P V2 included in the efficiency equation change, and the measurer can change these P V1 and P A1 , P V2 and P A2. These influences can be reduced by determining the connection in consideration of which of these effects will be greater.
However, the term P V2A2 cannot be reduced even if the connection is changed, and remains as a measurement error, which is an impediment to high-precision efficiency measurement.

本発明は、これらの従来の問題点を解決するものであって、その目的は、インバータなどの電力変換器の効率測定において、結線を変えても低減できない測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差の影響を小さくして、高精度の効率測定を実現することにある。   The present invention solves these conventional problems. The purpose of the present invention is to measure the effect of measurement error due to the input resistance of a measurement system that cannot be reduced by changing the connection in the efficiency measurement of a power converter such as an inverter. Is to realize highly accurate efficiency measurement.

このような課題を達成するために、本発明のうち請求項１記載の発明は、
電力変換器の入力側の電圧と電流に基づき入力電力を測定する入力電力測定部と、
電力変換器の出力側の電圧と電流に基づき出力電力を測定する出力電力測定部と、
出力電力側の電流を測定する電流測定部と、
出力電力側の電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
これら入力電力と出力電力と出力電力側の電圧と電流の測定値に基づき、測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差を打ち消す電力変換効率演算を行う演算部、
を設けたことを特徴とする電力変換効率測定装置である。 In order to achieve such a problem, the invention according to claim 1 of the present invention is:
An input power measurement unit that measures input power based on the voltage and current on the input side of the power converter;
An output power measurement unit that measures output power based on the voltage and current on the output side of the power converter;
A current measuring unit for measuring the current on the output power side;
A voltage measuring unit for measuring the voltage on the output power side;
Based on these measured values of input power, output power and voltage and current on the output power side, a calculation unit that performs power conversion efficiency calculation that cancels measurement errors due to input resistance of the measurement system,
It is the power conversion efficiency measuring device characterized by providing.

本発明のうち請求項２記載の発明は、請求項１記載の電力変換効率測定装置において、
前記演算部は、次式の効率演算を行うことを特徴とする。
η＝Ｐ２×１００/（Ｐ１−ＲA2×ＩA2×ＩA2−（（ＶV2×ＶV2）/ＲV2））（％）
η：電力変換器の効率
Ｐ２：電力変換器の出力電力
Ｐ１：電力変換器の入力電力
ＲA2：電力変換器の出力側電流測定系統の内部抵抗
ＩA2：電力変換器の出力側電流測定値
ＶV2：電力変換器の出力側電圧測定値
ＲV2：電力変換器の出力側電圧測定系統の内部抵抗 The invention according to claim 2 of the present invention is the power conversion efficiency measuring device according to claim 1,
The calculation unit performs an efficiency calculation of the following equation.
η = P2 × 100 / (P1−R A2 × I A2 × I A2 − ((V V2 × V V2 ) / R V2 )) (%)
η: Efficiency of power converter P2: Output power of power converter P1: Input power of power converter R A2 : Internal resistance of output current measurement system of power converter I A2 : Measured value of output current of power converter V V2 : Power converter output side voltage measurement value R V2 : Power converter output side voltage measurement system internal resistance

本発明によれば、結線を変えても低減できない測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差の影響を小さくすることができ、電力変換器の効率測定を高精度で行える。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the influence of the measurement error by the input resistance of the measurement system | strain which cannot be reduced even if it changes wiring can be made small, and the efficiency measurement of a power converter can be performed with high precision.

以下、本発明を図面を用いて詳細に説明する。図１は本発明に基づく電力測定装置の接続関係の一例を示す説明図であって、図３と共通する部分には同一の符号を付けている。図１が図３と異なる点は、電流入力部Ａ２に電流測定部８を接続してその測定結果をＣＰＵ６に入力し、電圧入力部Ｖ２に電圧測定部９を接続してその測定結果をＣＰＵ６に入力していることである。   Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. FIG. 1 is an explanatory view showing an example of the connection relationship of the power measuring apparatus according to the present invention, and the same reference numerals are given to the parts common to FIG. 1 differs from FIG. 3 in that the current measurement unit 8 is connected to the current input unit A2, the measurement result is input to the CPU 6, the voltage measurement unit 9 is connected to the voltage input unit V2, and the measurement result is sent to the CPU 6. Is that you have entered

なお、本発明を用いて例えばインバータの効率を測定するものとすると、その接続関係は従来の図２と同一になる。すなわち、電源１はインバータ２を介してモータ３に接続され、モータ３を任意の回転数で回転駆動する。インバータ２の入力側には電圧入力部Ｖ１が並列接続されるとともに、電源１と直列に電流入力部Ａ１が接続されている。インバータ２の出力側にはモータ３と並列に電圧入力部Ｖ２が接続されるとともに、負荷３と直列に電流入力部Ａ２が接続されている。以下の説明では適宜図２も参照する。   If, for example, the efficiency of the inverter is measured using the present invention, the connection relationship is the same as in FIG. That is, the power source 1 is connected to the motor 3 via the inverter 2 and rotationally drives the motor 3 at an arbitrary rotational speed. A voltage input unit V 1 is connected in parallel to the input side of the inverter 2, and a current input unit A 1 is connected in series with the power source 1. On the output side of the inverter 2, a voltage input unit V <b> 2 is connected in parallel with the motor 3, and a current input unit A <b> 2 is connected in series with the load 3. In the following description, FIG.

図１および図２において、電流入力部Ａ１の測定出力と電圧入力部Ｖ１の測定出力は電力測定部４に入力され、電力測定部４はインバータ２の入力電力Ｐ１を測定する。電流入力部Ａ２の測定出力と電圧入力部Ｖ２の測定出力は電力測定部５に入力され、電力測定部５はインバータ２の出力電力Ｐ２を測定する。電流測定部８は電力測定部５に入力される交流電流値ＩA2を測定し、電圧測定部９は電力測定部５に入力される交流電圧値ＶV2を測定する。これら電力測定部４と電力測定部５と電流測定部８と電圧測定部９は、それぞれの測定結果をデジタル信号に変換してＣＰＵ６に入力する。ＣＰＵ６は次式に基づき効率ηを演算し、効率ηの演算結果を表示部７に表示する。
η＝Ｐ２×１００/（Ｐ１−ＲA2×ＩA2×ＩA2−（（ＶV2×ＶV2）/ＲV2））（％）
(10) 1 and 2, the measurement output of the current input unit A1 and the measurement output of the voltage input unit V1 are input to the power measurement unit 4, and the power measurement unit 4 measures the input power P1 of the inverter 2. The measurement output of the current input unit A2 and the measurement output of the voltage input unit V2 are input to the power measurement unit 5, and the power measurement unit 5 measures the output power P2 of the inverter 2. The current measuring unit 8 measures the alternating current value I A2 input to the power measuring unit 5, and the voltage measuring unit 9 measures the alternating voltage value V V2 input to the power measuring unit 5. The power measuring unit 4, the power measuring unit 5, the current measuring unit 8, and the voltage measuring unit 9 convert each measurement result into a digital signal and input it to the CPU 6. The CPU 6 calculates the efficiency η based on the following equation, and displays the calculation result of the efficiency η on the display unit 7.
η = P2 × 100 / (P1−R A2 × I A2 × I A2 − ((V V2 × V V2 ) / R V2 )) (%)
(Ten)

ここで、ＲA2とＲV2は測定器内部の抵抗であって既知であり、ＩA2とＶV2は測定値であることから、結線を変えても低減できない測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差ＰV2A2について、次式が成り立つ。
ＰV2A2≒ＲA2×ＩA2×ＩA2−（（ＶV2×ＶV2）/ＲV2）） (11) Here, R A2 and R V2 are known resistances inside the measuring instrument, and I A2 and V V2 are measured values. Therefore, measurement error P due to the input resistance of the measurement system that cannot be reduced even if the connection is changed. For V2A2 , the following equation holds:
P V2A2 ≒ R A2 × I A2 × I A2 − ((V V2 × V V2 ) / R V2 )) (11)

すなわち、インバータ２の出力電力Ｐ２を測定する電力測定部５に入力される交流電流値ＩA2を電流測定部８で測定するとともに電力測定部５に入力される交流電圧値ＶV2を電圧測定部９で測定してこれらの測定結果をデジタル信号に変換し、インバータ２の入力電力Ｐ１の測定値および出力電力Ｐ２測定値とともにＣＰＵ６に入力することにより、ＣＰＵ６はこれら測定値を用いて(10)式に基づく効率ηの演算を行うことができる。 That is, the alternating current value I A2 input to the power measuring unit 5 that measures the output power P2 of the inverter 2 is measured by the current measuring unit 8 and the alternating voltage value V V2 input to the power measuring unit 5 is measured as the voltage measuring unit. These measurement results are converted into digital signals after being measured at 9, and input to the CPU 6 together with the measured values of the input power P1 and the output power P2 of the inverter 2, so that the CPU 6 uses these measured values (10) The efficiency η can be calculated based on the equation.

以上説明したように、(10)式の演算を行うことにより、(11)式で表すことができる従来の図３の構成では結線を変えても低減できなかった測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差ＰV2A2を差し引くことができ、従来に比べて高精度の効率測定が実現できる。 As explained above, the measurement error due to the input resistance of the measurement system that could not be reduced by changing the connection in the conventional configuration of FIG. 3 that can be expressed by the equation (11) by performing the calculation of the equation (10). P V2A2 can be subtracted, and high-efficiency efficiency measurement can be realized compared to the conventional method.

なお、上記実施例ではインバータの効率を測定する例について説明したが、インバータに限るものではなく、各種の電力変換器の効率測定の高精度化に有効である。   In addition, although the example which measures the efficiency of an inverter was demonstrated in the said Example, it is not restricted to an inverter, It is effective for the highly accurate efficiency measurement of various power converters.

本発明に基づき効率測定を行うための構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example for performing efficiency measurement based on this invention. 従来のインバータの効率測定における接続関係の一例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows an example of the connection relation in the efficiency measurement of the conventional inverter. 図２の接続関係に基づき電力測定を行うための構成例を示すブロック図である。It is a block diagram which shows the structural example for performing electric power measurement based on the connection relation of FIG. 従来のインバータの効率測定における接続関係の他の例を示す説明図である。It is explanatory drawing which shows the other example of the connection relation in the efficiency measurement of the conventional inverter.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ 電源
２ インバータ
３ 負荷（モータ）
４，５ 電力測定部
６ ＣＰＵ
７ 表示部
８ 電流測定部
９ 電圧測定部
1 Power supply 2 Inverter 3 Load (motor)
4,5 Power measurement unit 6 CPU
7 Display unit 8 Current measurement unit 9 Voltage measurement unit

Claims (2)

電力変換器の入力側の電圧と電流に基づき入力電力を測定する入力電力測定部と、
電力変換器の出力側の電圧と電流に基づき出力電力を測定する出力電力測定部と、
出力電力側の電流を測定する電流測定部と、
出力電力側の電圧を測定する電圧測定部と、
これら入力電力と出力電力と出力電力側の電圧と電流の測定値に基づき、測定系統の入力抵抗による測定誤差を打ち消す電力変換効率演算を行う演算部、
を設けたことを特徴とする電力変換効率測定装置。 An input power measurement unit that measures input power based on the voltage and current on the input side of the power converter;
An output power measurement unit that measures output power based on the voltage and current on the output side of the power converter;
A current measuring unit for measuring the current on the output power side;
A voltage measuring unit for measuring the voltage on the output power side;
Based on these measured values of input power, output power and voltage and current on the output power side, a calculation unit that performs power conversion efficiency calculation that cancels measurement errors due to input resistance of the measurement system,
A power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus characterized by comprising: 前記演算部は、次式の効率演算を行うことを特徴とする請求項１記載の電力変換効率測定装置。
η＝Ｐ２×１００/（Ｐ１−ＲA2×ＩA2×ＩA2−（（ＶV2×ＶV2）/ＲV2））（％）
η：電力変換器の効率
Ｐ２：電力変換器の出力電力
Ｐ１：電力変換器の入力電力
ＲA2：電力変換器の出力側電流測定系統の内部抵抗
ＩA2：電力変換器の出力側電流測定値
ＶV2：電力変換器の出力側電圧測定値
ＲV2：電力変換器の出力側電圧測定系統の内部抵抗
The power conversion efficiency measuring apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the calculation unit performs an efficiency calculation of the following formula.
η = P2 × 100 / (P1−R A2 × I A2 × I A2 − ((V V2 × V V2 ) / R V2 )) (%)
η: Efficiency of power converter P2: Output power of power converter P1: Input power of power converter R A2 : Internal resistance of output current measurement system of power converter I A2 : Measured value of output current of power converter V V2 : Power converter output side voltage measurement value R V2 : Power converter output side voltage measurement system internal resistance
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