JP2006087822A - Method for preventing sick building syndrome, and its product - Google Patents
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、大気や室内の環境汚染対策、特に人体の健康に支障をきたすシックハウス症候群に対する防御方法及びその製品に関する。
さらに、本発明はシックハウス症候群の原因物質と見られるホルムアルデヒド雰囲気を消失せしめる方法及び、消失のための成分を含有する製品に関する。
The present invention relates to a countermeasure for air pollution and indoor environmental pollution, and more particularly to a method for protecting against sick house syndrome that impedes human health and a product thereof.
Furthermore, the present invention relates to a method for eliminating a formaldehyde atmosphere that is considered to be a causative substance of sick house syndrome, and a product containing a component for disappearance.
最近の科学の進歩に伴って、各種化学物質の存在が増加しており、これら化学物質と人間との関係は切っても切り離せないものであるが、特に各種化学物質の人間の生活環境に及ぼす影響、とりわけ化学物質による大気や室内等の空気の環境汚染による影響は健康維持の上で無視できる問題ではなくなっている。大気や室内等の空気汚染の人体への影響の典型的な例としては、化学物質過敏症やシックハウス症候群が挙げられる。 With the recent progress of science, the presence of various chemical substances has increased, and even though the relationship between these chemical substances and human beings is inseparable, the effects of various chemical substances on the human living environment are particularly important. The influence, especially the influence of environmental pollution of air in the atmosphere and indoors caused by chemical substances, is no longer a problem that can be ignored for health maintenance. Typical examples of the effects of air pollution on the human body such as air and indoors include chemical sensitivity and sick house syndrome.
化学物質過敏症は、人によっては住居内に限らずあらゆる環境において化学物質に過敏に反応し、排気ガスやタバコの煙等大気中の化学物質をはじめ、化粧品や洗剤等に含まれる微量の化学物質にも反応する。
これに対して、シックハウス症候群は、住居内での知覚症状が多く、住宅の新築や改装工事後、住宅建材から室内に発生する揮発性化学物質やダニアレルゲンが原因で体調不良又は健康障害を引き起こすと言われているが、未だその定義は明確にされていない。前者の化学物質過敏症が人の体質、体調等によって左右されるのに対して、後者のシックハウス症候群は、体質や体調に関係なく、人体に悪影響を及ぼすものであり、その主な症状としては頭痛、喉の痛み、鼻炎、嘔吐、呼吸障害、めまい、皮膚炎等が挙げらているが、病気としてのメカニズムと治療法も解明されておらず、医療分野でも対応が整備されていないのが現状である。
Chemical hypersensitivity, depending on the person, reacts to chemical substances in all environments, not just in the home, and is a trace amount of chemicals contained in cosmetics and detergents, as well as chemical substances in the atmosphere such as exhaust gas and cigarette smoke. Reacts to substances.
On the other hand, sick house syndrome has many perceived symptoms in the house and causes poor health or health problems due to volatile chemicals and mite allergens generated from the building materials after the construction or renovation of the house. However, its definition has not yet been clarified. Whereas the former chemical sensitivity is affected by the physical condition and physical condition of the person, the latter sick house syndrome has an adverse effect on the human body regardless of the physical condition and physical condition. Headache, sore throat, rhinitis, vomiting, respiratory distress, dizziness, dermatitis, etc. are mentioned, but the mechanism and treatment method as a disease has not been elucidated, and there is no correspondence in the medical field Currently.
シックハウス症候群の発症の原因としては、日常生活の上でもっとも多い時間（睡眠時間を含む）を過ごす住居内の化学物質汚染によるものが多いと考えられており、現に新築・リフォーム後に突然発症したという例が多数報告されている。とりわけ主婦層が多いと言われていることから、住環境に大きく起因している可能性が指摘されている。 The cause of sick house syndrome is thought to be mostly due to chemical contamination in the house that spends the most time in daily life (including sleeping hours). Many examples have been reported. In particular, it is said that there are many housewives, so it has been pointed out that it may be caused by the living environment.
シックハウス症候群の発症の時期とその可能性については、個人差もあり、それが原因解明の妨げにもなっているようある。このように化学物資による室内空気汚染等により、居住者にさまざまな体調不良が生じている状態が、数多く報告されている。症状が多様で、症状発生の仕組みは未解明の部分が多いが、主な原因は健材等に含まれる有機化学物質やホルムアルデヒドが引き起こすと考えられることから、シックハウス症候群と呼ばれている。 There are individual differences in the timing and likelihood of the onset of sick house syndrome, which seems to hinder understanding the cause. As described above, there are many reports of various illnesses in residents due to indoor air pollution caused by chemicals. Symptoms vary and the mechanism of symptom occurrence is unclear, but the main cause is thought to be caused by organic chemicals and formaldehyde contained in healthy materials, so it is called sick house syndrome.
シックハウス症候群の原因物質は、建材や接着剤等に用いられる化学物質等であり、ホルムアルデヒドのほかに、トルエンやアルコール類、さらに殺虫剤や防かび剤、白アリ駆除剤等のさまざまな化学物質、タバコの煙、ダニやカビ等がある。
しかしながら、特にホルムアルデヒドは、分子量３０の化合物で、フリーで存在する場合、きわめて気散しやすく、無色の刺激臭を有する気体である。現在、国内年間生産量が概ね１３０万トンのうち、約２５％程度がユリアメラミン樹脂やフェノールアルデヒド樹脂系の接着剤として合板やクロス等に使用されている。
The causative substances of sick house syndrome are chemical substances used in building materials and adhesives, etc. In addition to formaldehyde, various chemical substances such as toluene, alcohols, insecticides, fungicides, white ant control agents, Cigarette smoke, ticks and molds.
However, formaldehyde, in particular, is a compound having a molecular weight of 30 and is a gas having a colorless irritating odor when it is present in a free state and is very easily diffused. Currently, about 25% of the annual domestic production of about 1.3 million tons is used for plywood and cloth as urea melamine resin and phenol aldehyde resin adhesives.
接着剤としての使用が多いため、これらの接着剤を使用した製品、とりわけ壁材、しっくい材、室内塗装剤、障子、畳、床材、カーペット、家具類等の建材等から、遊離のホルムアルデヒドが放出されて室内汚染をもたらしていると考えられている。
ホルムアルデヒドの健康への被害については、急性の影響ではホルムアルデヒドの臭気閾値（５０％の人が臭気を感じる程度）は０．０５〜０．０６ｐｐｍで、０．１３ｐｐｍを超えると粘膜等に刺激症状があらわれ、４ｐｐｍで不快感や目、鼻、喉の刺激、５０ｐｐｍでは皮膚や肺に炎症が起こり、１００ｐｐｍ以上で死亡する。このホルムアルデヒドは、発ガン性が認められて、一般住宅の日本での基準は、ＷＨＯ「世界保健機構」の方針と同じ、「２５℃の条件で濃度は０．０８ｐｐｍ」とかなり厳しい基準となっている。
Since it is often used as an adhesive, free formaldehyde is produced from products using these adhesives, especially wall materials, plaster materials, interior coating agents, shoji, tatami mats, flooring materials, carpets, furniture and other building materials. It is believed that it has been released to cause indoor pollution.
As for the health damage of formaldehyde, the odor threshold of formaldehyde (the extent that 50% of people feel odor) is 0.05 to 0.06 ppm for acute effects. Appears at 4 ppm, discomfort, irritation of eyes, nose and throat, 50 ppm causes inflammation of skin and lungs, and dies at 100 ppm or more. This formaldehyde is recognized as carcinogenic, and the standard in Japan for general housing is the same as the WHO “World Health Organization” policy, “Concentration is 0.08 ppm at 25 ° C.”, which is a fairly strict standard. ing.
このようなホルムアルデヒドを主とするシックハウス症候群の対策として、ホルムアルデヒドを含む接着剤を使用した家具、接着剤、合板、断熱材やビニールクロス等を避けるのがベストであるが、今や、このような手段は到底取り得ないので、やむを得ず、こまめな掃除、換気扇等による多頻度の室内空気の換気等の対策が取られているが、有効な対策とは言えない。
しかしながら、最近は、建材等に含まれるシックハウス症候群の原因物質、特にホルムアルデヒドを積極的に分解する技術、例えば、建築材料として光触媒及び吸着剤をコロイド状の結合材とともに建築材料表面に皮膜形成させて脱臭、防汚、抗菌性を付与させて分解させる方法(特許文献１:特開平９−３００５１５号公報)も報告されたが、未だ満足できるような成果は得られなかった。
It is best to avoid furniture, adhesives, plywood, heat insulating materials, vinyl cloth, etc. that use formaldehyde-containing adhesives as a countermeasure against sick house syndrome, which is mainly composed of formaldehyde. However, it is unavoidable to take frequent measures such as frequent cleaning and ventilation of indoor air with a ventilation fan, but it is not an effective measure.
However, recently, technology that actively decomposes the causative agent of sick house syndrome contained in building materials, especially formaldehyde, for example, a photocatalyst and an adsorbent as a building material are formed on the surface of the building material together with a colloidal binder. Although a method for deodorizing, antifouling and decomposing by imparting antibacterial properties (Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 9-300515) has also been reported, satisfactory results have not yet been obtained.
一方、ニコチン等の物質、炭化物、タール状物質やトイレの臭気の除去に関する方法は多用されており、例えば可溶性のパラジウム化合物を多糖類化合物と併用してタバコに用いる方法(特許文献２:特開昭５７−３３５８７号公報)、麦飯石のコロイド状微粒子を吸収性繊維材料に含浸させて吸収させる方法(特許文献３:特開昭５５−１１２３７０号公報)が開示されている。また、タバコの臭いの主成分であるアセトアルデヒドに脱臭性能を有する還元金属の微粒子のコロイドを有する合成ゼオライトで除去する方法(特許文献４:特開平５−１６８９１５号公報)、喫煙物品の刻みラップ部シーム用接着剤としてポリビニルアルコールを保護コロイドとして酢酸ビニル共重合体を用いる方法(特許文献５:特開２０００−２７０８３０公報、特許文献６:特開２０００−２７０８３１公報)が公知である。 On the other hand, methods relating to removal of substances such as nicotine, carbides, tar-like substances, and toilet odors are widely used. JP-A-57-33587) and a method of impregnating absorbent fiber material with colloidal fine particles of barleystone and absorbing them (Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 55-112370) are disclosed. Further, a method of removing acetaldehyde, which is a main component of tobacco odor, with synthetic zeolite having a colloid of reduced metal fine particles having deodorizing performance (Patent Document 4: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. Hei 5-168915), a cut wrap portion of a smoking article A method using polyvinyl alcohol as a seam adhesive and a vinyl acetate copolymer as a protective colloid is known (Patent Document 5: JP 2000-270830 A, Patent Document 6: JP 2000-270831 A).
しかしながら、喫煙に関関係しない空気汚染物質の除去は、空気清浄ユニットの主要部に活性炭フィルターを用いる(特許文献７:特開昭５８−１２７０３０号公報)、過酸化物と水溶性珪酸塩からなるコロイダルシリカによるカビ取り剤(特許文献８:特開昭６２−１００５９８号公報)、二酸化チタン微粒子を用いてその光触媒作用により環境汚染物質を分解する方法(特許文献９:特開平１１−４７６１１公報)が開示されている。 However, the removal of air pollutants not related to smoking uses an activated carbon filter in the main part of the air purification unit (Patent Document 7: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-127030), which consists of a peroxide and a water-soluble silicate. Mold removing agent by colloidal silica (Patent Document 8: JP-A-62-100598), a method for decomposing environmental pollutants by photocatalytic action using titanium dioxide fine particles (Patent Document 9: JP-A-11-47611) Is disclosed.
さらに、一般的な消臭を目的とした技術は、ハロゲン化銀カラー感光材料に対してホルムアルデヒド類と反応して固定化する化合物の添加(特許文献１０:特開昭６２−１７７５３８号公報)、同じく環状アミド化合物の添加(特許文献１１:特開平１１−２４９２６８号公報)、コロイダル五酸化アンチモンを用いた脱臭剤(特許文献１２:特開平２−１７４９３２号公報)、ゼオライトを含有した脱臭塗料（特許文献１３:特開平６−５７１７２号公報）、脱臭フィルター(特許文献１４:特開平１１−１２８６６７号公報、特許文献１５:特開２００１−１７０１４９公報)、光触媒の粒子のコロイダルシリカ又はアルミナゾルへの担持(特許文献１６:特開２００２−１４３６９２号公報)、酸化チタンへの白金族元素の担持(特許文献１７:特開２００３−２１０９８４号公報)がしられるが、ホルムアルデヒドの消臭の対応としては満足すべきものではなかった。 Furthermore, a general technique for deodorization is the addition of a compound that reacts with formaldehyde to fix to a silver halide color light-sensitive material (Patent Document 10: JP-A-62-177538), Similarly, addition of a cyclic amide compound (Patent Document 11: JP-A-11-249268), deodorizing agent using colloidal antimony pentoxide (Patent Document 12: JP-A-2-174932), deodorizing paint containing zeolite ( Patent Document 13: JP-A-6-57172), deodorizing filter (Patent Document 14: JP-A-11-128667, Patent Document 15: JP-A-2001-170149), colloidal silica or alumina sol of photocatalyst particles. Support (Patent Document 16: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-143692), Support of platinum group element on titanium oxide (Patent Document 17: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2003-2) No. 10984), but it was not satisfactory as a countermeasure for deodorizing formaldehyde.
本発明では、後述するように金及び／又は銀コロイドをホルムアルデヒドの消失に利用することを特徴とするものであるが、ここで使用する金や銀等の貴金属類のコロイドの製造法は、本出願前に周知である。
例えば、銀コロイドについては、その製造法は周知である(特許文献１８：特開２００１−２２３２７４号公報、特許文献１９：特開２００１−１００３４２号公報、特許文献２０：特開平１０−３２８６６９号公報、特許文献２１:特開平１０−０６６８６１号公報、特許文献２２：特開平２−０１１７０８号公報、特許文献２３：特開平１−１０４３４０号公報、特許文献２４:特開平１−１０４３３９号公報、特許文献２５：特開平１−１０４３３８号公報、特許文献２６：特開平１−１０４３３７号公報)。また、銀コロイドの利用については、抗菌性、殺菌性、防黴性に着目した適用が知られている(特許文献３３：特開２００４−１６１６３２号公報、特許文献：特開２００２−２９３７０５号公報、特許文献：特開２００１−２４０４２６号公報、特許文献３６：特開平４−３２１６２８号公報)が、ホルムアルデヒドを酸化分解によって消失することについての報告はない。
The present invention is characterized in that gold and / or silver colloid is used for disappearance of formaldehyde as described later. The method for producing a colloid of noble metals such as gold and silver used here is It is well known before filing.
For example, as for colloidal silver, its production method is well known (Patent Document 18: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-223274, Patent Document 19: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-100342, and Patent Document 20: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 10-328669. Patent Document 21: JP-A-10-066861; Patent Document 22: JP-A-2-011708; Patent Document 23: JP-A-1-104340; Patent Document 24: JP-A-1-104339; Patent (Reference 25: JP-A-1-104338, Patent Document 26: JP-A-1-104337). As for the use of silver colloid, application focusing on antibacterial properties, bactericidal properties, and antifungal properties is known (Patent Document 33: JP-A No. 2004-161632, Patent Document: JP-A No. 2002-293705). However, there is no report on the disappearance of formaldehyde by oxidative decomposition (Patent Document: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2001-240426, Patent Document 36: Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 4-321628).
一方、金コロイドの製造も多くの場合、銀コロイドの製造法が適用されるが、その利用例は少なく、免疫学的キット (特許文献２７:特開２０００−２８６１０号公報、特許文献２８：特開２０００−２８６１１号公報)、尿中抗体測定による感染症病原診断用キット(特許文献２９：特開平１１−１１８７９８号公報)、サルモネラ菌の抗体測定法等の生体物質の検出・分析法への適用(特許文献３０：特開平１１−２３５７６号公報)、金コロイドを感度向上のために用いたガスセンサー素子(特許文献３１：特開平１０−３００７０６号公報)、金コロイドを導電性炭素材料に担持させた燃料電池用電極触媒(特許文献３２：特開２００２−３０５００１号公報)に示されているが、銀コロイドの場合と同様にホルムアルデヒドを分解・消失させるためのレドックス反応促進に用いていることは知られていない。 On the other hand, in many cases of producing colloidal gold, a method for producing silver colloid is applied. (Application No. 2000-28611), kit for diagnosis of infectious diseases by urinary antibody measurement (Patent Document 29: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 11-118798), application to detection and analysis methods of biological substances such as antibody measurement method of Salmonella (Patent Document 30: JP-A-11-23576), gas sensor element using gold colloid for improving sensitivity (Patent Document 31: JP-A-10-300706), supporting gold colloid on a conductive carbon material The fuel cell electrode catalyst (Patent Document 32: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-305001) is used to decompose and eliminate formaldehyde in the same manner as in the case of silver colloid. It is not known to have used in the redox reaction promotion.
上記状況に鑑み、シックハウス症候群の主原因物質であるホルムアルデヒドを、分解等の手段で消失させることは社会的貢献度の極めて高い技術である。
そこで、ホルムアルデヒドを消失させるのに大きな労力を必要とせず、経済的で実施できる消失技術が完成することにより、当該技術の適用範囲が増大し、有益性がますます高くなる。
本発明者は、金及び／又は銀コロイドを対象製品に含ませる、あるいは金及び／又は銀コロイドを当該製品に対して噴霧することにより、シックハウス症候群の主要因と考えられている遊離のホルムアルデヒドは容易に分解されて無害な炭酸ガスと水に変化することに着目することとなった。
そこで、本発明では、シックハウス症候群の原因物質であるホルムアルデヒドを含む製品から、ホルムアルデヒドを消失して、人体に影響を与えなくすることを課題とする。
In view of the above situation, eliminating formaldehyde, which is the main causative substance of sick house syndrome, by means of decomposition or the like is a technology with extremely high social contribution.
Thus, the completion of an economical and practicable disappearance technique that does not require great effort to eliminate formaldehyde increases the scope of application of the technique and increases its usefulness.
The present inventor has found that free formaldehyde, which is considered to be the main cause of sick house syndrome, is obtained by including gold and / or silver colloid in the target product or spraying gold and / or silver colloid on the product. It was noticed that it was easily decomposed and turned into harmless carbon dioxide and water.
Therefore, an object of the present invention is to eliminate formaldehyde from a product containing formaldehyde, which is a causative substance of sick house syndrome, so as not to affect the human body.
本発明は、金及び／又は銀コロイドを用いてシックハウス症候群の主原因であるホルムアルデヒドを酸化分解して消失させることを特徴とするものである。
すなわち、本発明は、フリーのホルムアルデヒドを含む素材、例えば、壁紙、接着剤、建材等の製品に対して、本発明の金及び／又は銀コロイドを接触させることが必要であり、金及び／又は銀コロイドを噴霧したり、配合したり、組成の一部に含ませることによって、シックハウス症候群対策とするものである。
The present invention is characterized in that formaldehyde, which is the main cause of sick house syndrome, is oxidatively decomposed and disappeared using gold and / or silver colloid.
That is, the present invention requires that the gold and / or silver colloid of the present invention is brought into contact with a material containing free formaldehyde, for example, a product such as wallpaper, adhesive, or building material. By spraying or blending silver colloid or including it in a part of the composition, it is a measure against sick house syndrome.
本発明は以下の基本的構成よりなる。
(1)金及び／又は銀コロイドを用いてホルムアルデヒド雰囲気を消失せしめる方法。
(2)金及び／又は銀コロイドを遊離ホルムアルデヒド含有の建材に対して噴霧することを特徴とする(1)記載の方法。
(3)金及び／銀コロイドを構成成分として担持させてなることを特徴とする製品。
(4)接着剤であることを特徴とする(3)の製品。
(5)建材であることを特徴とする(3)の製品。
(6)壁紙、壁材、しっくい材、室内塗装剤、障子、畳、床材、カーペット又は家具類から選ばれた(3)〜(5)のいずれかに記載の製品。
The present invention has the following basic configuration.
(1) A method for eliminating a formaldehyde atmosphere using gold and / or silver colloid.
(2) The method according to (1), wherein the gold and / or silver colloid is sprayed on the building material containing free formaldehyde.
(3) A product characterized by supporting gold and / or silver colloid as a constituent component.
(4) The product according to (3), which is an adhesive.
(5) The product according to (3), which is a building material.
(6) The product according to any one of (3) to (5) selected from wallpaper, wall material, plaster material, indoor coating agent, shoji, tatami mat, flooring material, carpet, or furniture.
本発明では、金及び／又は銀コロイドを対象製品に含ませる、あるいは金及び／又は銀コロイドを当該製品に対して噴霧することにより、シックハウス症候群の主要因と考えられている遊離のホルムアルデヒドは容易に分解されて無害な炭酸ガスと水に変化するメカニズムを利用するものである。材料の高価な貴金属である金や銀は、最少限の使用量に押さえることができる。これは、コロイドのような微粒子にして用いることにより金属質量に対する表面積が著しく増大するため、経済的にレドックス反応による酸化を促進することが可能となり、シックハウス症候群の有効な対策となるという顕著な効果が発揮される。 In the present invention, free formaldehyde, which is considered to be the main cause of sick house syndrome, can be easily obtained by including gold and / or silver colloid in the target product or spraying gold and / or silver colloid on the product. It uses a mechanism that is decomposed into harmless carbon dioxide and water. Gold and silver, which are expensive noble metals, can be kept to a minimum amount. This is because the surface area with respect to the metal mass is remarkably increased by using it as fine particles such as colloid, so that oxidation by the redox reaction can be promoted economically, which is an effective measure for sick house syndrome. Is demonstrated.
ホルムアルデヒドは、安価で素材性能を得やすいアミノ樹脂、フェノール樹脂、メラミン樹脂等を合成する際にメチロール化反応に用いられ、これらの高分子組成物質から、長期にわたって漸次未反応のホルムアルデヒドが放出されることによる。したがって、未反応ホルムアルデヒドを分解・消失させるには、ホルムアルデヒドの反応性が大きいことに着目して、他の環境を汚染しない物質に変換することが最も適切であると思われる。本発明は、かかる考え方に基づいて酸化触媒活性の大きい金及び／又は銀コロイドを用いてホルムアルデヒドを分解・消失させるシックハウス症候群の対策を講じたものである。 Formaldehyde is used for the methylolation reaction when synthesizing amino resins, phenol resins, melamine resins, etc. that are inexpensive and easy to obtain material performance. From these polymer composition substances, unreacted formaldehyde is gradually released over a long period of time. It depends. Therefore, in order to decompose and eliminate unreacted formaldehyde, it is most appropriate to convert it into a substance that does not pollute other environments, focusing on the high reactivity of formaldehyde. Based on this concept, the present invention takes measures against sick house syndrome in which formaldehyde is decomposed and eliminated using gold and / or silver colloids having high oxidation catalytic activity.
しかるに、酸化触媒に用いられる金や銀のような貴金属は、金属としての安定性は良好であるけれども著しく高価であり、シックハウス症候群のような安価な対策の求められる用途には適さない。そこで、本発明では、これらの貴金属をコロイド状態にして単位質量当たりの表面積を著しく増大させて、貴金属質量当たりのその触媒活性を向上させて用いることの着想に基づくものである。
一般に、コロイド粒子は、粒子直径が１〜５００ｎｍの範囲にあり、１０３〜１０９の原子を含んでおり、分散技術の進歩により容易に得ることが可能で多くの技術分野で用いられている。
However, noble metals such as gold and silver used for the oxidation catalyst are extremely expensive although they have good stability as metals, and are not suitable for uses such as sick house syndrome requiring an inexpensive measure. Therefore, the present invention is based on the idea of using these noble metals in a colloidal state by significantly increasing the surface area per unit mass and improving the catalytic activity per noble metal mass.
In general, colloidal particles have a particle diameter in the range of 1 to 500 nm, contain 10 3 to 10 9 atoms, can be easily obtained by advancement of dispersion technology, and are used in many technical fields. .
一般に、ホルムアルデヒドは空気中の酸素とは反応しないが、本発明に用いられる金及び／又は銀コロイドが存在すると、ホルムアルデヒドが空気中の酸素と反応して蟻酸が生成し、その後、直ちに蟻酸は酸化されて二酸化炭素と水になる。このように金及び／又は銀コロイドは[化１]の反応式で示されるように酸化反応の触媒として作用し、有害なホルムアルデヒドを無害な二酸化炭素と水に分解してホルムアルデヒドを消失させる作用である。 In general, formaldehyde does not react with oxygen in the air, but in the presence of gold and / or silver colloid used in the present invention, formaldehyde reacts with oxygen in the air to form formic acid, and then formic acid is immediately oxidized. To carbon dioxide and water. As described above, the gold and / or silver colloid acts as a catalyst for the oxidation reaction as shown in the reaction formula of [Chemical Formula 1], and decomposes harmful formaldehyde into harmless carbon dioxide and water to eliminate formaldehyde. is there.
このときの作用を反応式で示すと以下のとおりである。
The action at this time is represented by the following reaction formula.
上記反応式で示される酸化反応は、先の非特許文献１に開示されているように、ナノメーターオーダーの金コロイドが反応触媒として作用することを示している。 The oxidation reaction represented by the above reaction formula indicates that a colloidal gold of nanometer order acts as a reaction catalyst as disclosed in the previous Non-Patent Document 1.
以下に本発明のホルムアルデヒドの酸化分解・消失の効果を実施例に基づき説明するが、本発明は、これに限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the effects of oxidative decomposition / disappearance of formaldehyde according to the present invention will be described based on examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
シックハウス症候群の主要原因物質であるホルムアルデヒドに着目して２０℃における消失する濃度を測定して消失効果を比較検討した。試験方法は、試料を１０ｃｍ×１０ｃｍ大きさの綿布に含浸させた後、乾燥して試験容器として５リットルテトラバックにホルムアルデヒド濃度１５ｐｐｍのガスを３リットル入れて経時のホルムアルデヒド濃度を検知管で測定した。
試料１：金コロイド２００ｐｐｍを含浸させて乾燥した綿布。
試料２：銀コロイド２５００ｐｐｍを含浸させて乾燥した綿布。
試料３：チタンコロイド６００ｐｐｍを含浸させて乾燥した綿布。
試料４：金属コロイドを含浸させないで乾燥した綿布。
試料５：空試験（試験容器内に何らの試料も入れない）。
Focusing on formaldehyde, the main causative agent of sick house syndrome, the disappearance effect at 20 ° C. was measured to compare the disappearance effect. The test method was as follows: a sample was impregnated into a 10 cm × 10 cm cotton cloth, dried, and a test vessel was filled with 3 liters of a gas having a formaldehyde concentration of 15 ppm in a 5 liter tetrabag, and the formaldehyde concentration over time was measured with a detector tube. .
Sample 1: Cotton cloth impregnated with 200 ppm of gold colloid and dried.
Sample 2: Cotton cloth impregnated with 2500 ppm of silver colloid and dried.
Sample 3: Cotton cloth impregnated with 600 ppm titanium colloid and dried.
Sample 4: Cotton cloth dried without impregnation with metal colloid.
Sample 5: Blank test (no sample in the test container).
試験結果を表１に示す。 The test results are shown in Table 1.
（表中の数値は、ｐｐｍ）
上記表は、財団法人日本紡績検査協会近畿事業所作成データ（図１、図２）による。
(The values in the table are ppm)
The above table is based on data created by the Japan Spinning Inspection Association Kinki Plant (Figs. 1 and 2).
［結果の総括］
上記の表１を図示すると、図３のとおりである。
図３によれば、試料５；空試験（試験容器内に何らの試料も入れない）の場合は当然ながら、ホルムアルデヒドは消失することはないが、試料４；無処理乾操布の場合には、ホルムアルデヒドが消失しているが、これは試料綿布に若干量吸着され、雰囲気中のホルムアルデヒドが減少しているものと考えられる。さらに、試料３(チタン処理布)の場合も、ホルムアルデヒドが減少しているが、試料２(銀処理布)、試料１(金処理布)に比して減少率は少ない。ちなみに、３０分後に試料３はホルムアルデヒド残量3.5ｐｐｍに対して試料２(銀コロイド処理布)のホルムアルデヒド残量は2.5ｐｐｍで見掛上、試料３と試料４（無処理布）との差よりは、大きくはないが、人体に生じる症状又は人体の健康を損ねるホルムアルデヒドの量を考慮すると、残量の3.5ｐｐｍと2.5ｐｐｍの差は大きな意味をもつ。
以上の結果から、金コロイド(試料１)又は銀コロイドを含浸させた綿布をホルムアルデヒド雰囲気に接触させることによるホルムアルデヒドの消失効果の大きいことが確認された。
[Summary of results]
The above Table 1 is illustrated in FIG.
According to FIG. 3, sample 5; in the case of a blank test (no sample is put in the test container), of course, formaldehyde does not disappear, but in the case of sample 4; Although formaldehyde has disappeared, it is considered that a small amount is adsorbed on the sample cotton cloth and formaldehyde in the atmosphere is reduced. Further, in the case of Sample 3 (titanium-treated cloth), formaldehyde is reduced, but the reduction rate is smaller than those of Sample 2 (silver-treated cloth) and Sample 1 (gold-treated cloth). By the way, after 30 minutes, the amount of formaldehyde in sample 2 (silver colloid-treated cloth) is 2.5 ppm compared to the amount of formaldehyde remaining in 3.5 ppm, and apparently the difference between sample 3 and sample 4 (untreated cloth) Is not significant, but the difference between 3.5 ppm and 2.5 ppm in the remaining amount is significant, considering the amount of formaldehyde that affects the symptoms or health of the human body.
From the above results, it was confirmed that the disappearance effect of formaldehyde by contacting a cotton cloth impregnated with gold colloid (sample 1) or silver colloid in a formaldehyde atmosphere was large.
遊離ホルムアルデヒドを含有する壁紙１平方メートルを噴霧口を備えて密閉可能な２ｍ四方のボックス内に入れて、ボックス内温度を２５℃に保った。ボックス内のホルムアルデヒド濃度を測定したところ７ｐｐｍであった。噴霧口から金濃度２００ｐｐｍの金コロイド溶液を噴霧し、１時間後のホルムアルデヒドを測定したところ０．０２ｐｐｍであった（ホルムアルデヒド減少率は99.71％） One square meter of wallpaper containing free formaldehyde was placed in a 2m square box with a spray nozzle and sealed, keeping the temperature in the box at 25 ° C. The formaldehyde concentration in the box was measured and found to be 7 ppm. A colloidal gold solution with a gold concentration of 200 ppm was sprayed from the spraying port, and the formaldehyde measured after 1 hour was 0.02 ppm (formaldehyde reduction rate was 99.71%)
遊離ホルムアルデヒドを含有する厚さ３ｍｍのフェノール樹脂版０．２平方メートルを２ｃｍ平方に切断した小片を実施例２の容器に入れ、温度を４０℃とした後、室温２５℃まで冷却した状態で容器内ホルムアルデヒド濃度を測定したところ２３ｐｐｍであった。実施例２と同様に５００ｐｐｍ銀濃度の銀コロイド溶液を噴霧して７時間経過後のホルムアルデヒド濃度を測定した。ホルムアルデヒド濃度は０．０５ｐｐｍまで低下していた（ホルムアルデヒド減少率は99.78％）。 A small piece of 2 cm square of a phenol resin plate having a thickness of 3 mm containing free formaldehyde was cut into 2 cm squares and placed in the container of Example 2, and the temperature was 40 ° C. The formaldehyde concentration was measured and found to be 23 ppm. In the same manner as in Example 2, a silver colloid solution having a silver concentration of 500 ppm was sprayed, and the formaldehyde concentration after 7 hours was measured. The formaldehyde concentration had dropped to 0.05 ppm (formaldehyde reduction rate was 99.78%).
ホルムアルデヒドを含む接着剤を用いて接着した床材５００ｇを細断して実施例２に示す容器内に室温で３ヶ月間放置しておいた。容器内のホルムアルデヒド濃度を測定した結果、８ｐｐｍであった。そこで、容器の噴霧口から金濃度２００ｐｐｍ、銀濃度２００ｐｐｍの金及び銀コロイド混合溶液を噴霧して、１ヶ月後の容器内ホルムアルデヒドを測定したところ、０．０４ｐｐｍに低下していた（ホルムアルデヒドの減少率は99.5％）。
また、容器内のガス５リットルを１０ｍｌの蒸留水に通気してガス中に存在する可能性のある蟻酸を液体クロマトで測定したが、蟻酸は認められなかった。この結果から、ホルムアルデヒドは、酸化分解して炭酸ガスと水になり、無害化したものと考えられる。
500 g of the flooring material bonded using an adhesive containing formaldehyde was shredded and left in the container shown in Example 2 at room temperature for 3 months. As a result of measuring the formaldehyde concentration in the container, it was 8 ppm. Therefore, when the gold and silver colloid mixed solution having a gold concentration of 200 ppm and a silver concentration of 200 ppm was sprayed from the spray port of the container and the formaldehyde in the container was measured after one month, it was reduced to 0.04 ppm (decrease in formaldehyde) The rate is 99.5%).
Further, formic acid that may be present in the gas was measured by aeration of 5 liters of gas in the vessel through 10 ml of distilled water, but no formic acid was observed. From this result, it is considered that formaldehyde is oxidatively decomposed into carbon dioxide gas and water and rendered harmless.
Claims (6)
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