JP2006029154A - Abnormality diagnosing device and abnormality diagnosing system for screw compressor - Google Patents

Abnormality diagnosing device and abnormality diagnosing system for screw compressor Download PDF

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JP2006029154A
JP2006029154A JP2004206820A JP2004206820A JP2006029154A JP 2006029154 A JP2006029154 A JP 2006029154A JP 2004206820 A JP2004206820 A JP 2004206820A JP 2004206820 A JP2004206820 A JP 2004206820A JP 2006029154 A JP2006029154 A JP 2006029154A
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abnormality
frequency
abnormality diagnosis
frequency component
screw compressor
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JP4511886B2 (en
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Makoto Henmi
真 辺見
Hiroshi Ota
広志 太田
Masayuki Kasahara
雅之 笠原
Hitoshi Nishimura
仁 西村
Yoichi Inoue
陽一 井上
Satoshi Miura
悟史 三浦
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Hitachi Industrial Equipment Systems Co Ltd
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an abnormality diagnosing device, for diagnosing an abnormality which may occur in a screw compressor when the abnormality is very small, and diagnosing a position where the abnormality occurs. <P>SOLUTION: The abnormality diagnosing device comprises: a sensor 2 detecting a periodic phenomenon existing along with drive of the screw compressor 1; a specific frequency component intensity extraction means 6 converting periodic phenomenon data acquired by the sensor into time fluctuation data of the intensity of a first marked frequency component set from a frequency of unique periodic phenomenon at a normal time of parts to be diagnosed in which abnormality may occur; a frequency component analysis means 7 analyzing the frequency component of data acquired by the specific frequency component intensity extraction means; and an abnormality determination means 8 determining, based on the frequency analysis data, existence or nonexistence of an abnormality by comparing a preset reference value with the intensity of a second marked frequency component of the frequency analysis data set on the basis of a frequency of a periodic phenomenon existing when a predicted abnormality occurs in the parts to be diagnosed. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、一対圧縮ロータの噛み合い回転により流体を圧縮するスクリュー圧縮機で発生する異常を診断するための異常診断装置およびこれを用いた異常診断システムに関する。   The present invention relates to an abnormality diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing an abnormality occurring in a screw compressor that compresses fluid by meshing rotation of a pair of compression rotors, and an abnormality diagnosis system using the abnormality diagnosis device.

圧縮機などの回転機械で発生する異常の診断については、診断対象の回転機械が発する機械的振動や音響などの周期現象のデータを取得し、その周期現象データを利用して異常の診断を行う手法が知られている。例えば特許文献１に開示の「空気調和機における騒音診断装置」では、室外ファンと圧縮機それぞれの騒音データに基づいて異常の有無を診断するようにしている。また特許文献２には、スクリュー圧縮機に取り付けた振動測定手段からの測定データを正常運転時のそれと比較することで異常を判定する手法が開示されている。また特許文献３には、回転中の軸受の振動を周波数分析することにより軸受の損傷を診断する「軸受診断装置」が開示されている。この軸受診断装置では、振動データを周波数帯域ごとの時系列信号に変換し、それぞれの時系列信号の最大値、実効平均値を求めるとともに周波数分析を行う。そして最大値および実効平均値を判定基準と比較することで軸受の異常発生を判定し、周波数分析において観測された周波数より異常位置の特定を行うようにしている。   For diagnosis of abnormalities occurring in rotating machines such as compressors, obtain data on periodic phenomena such as mechanical vibrations and sounds generated by the rotating machine being diagnosed, and diagnose abnormalities using the periodic phenomenon data. Techniques are known. For example, in the “noise diagnosis device for an air conditioner” disclosed in Patent Document 1, the presence or absence of abnormality is diagnosed based on the noise data of the outdoor fan and the compressor. Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for determining an abnormality by comparing measurement data from vibration measurement means attached to a screw compressor with that during normal operation. Patent Document 3 discloses a “bearing diagnosis device” that diagnoses bearing damage by analyzing the frequency of vibration of a rotating bearing. In this bearing diagnostic device, vibration data is converted into a time-series signal for each frequency band, and the maximum value and effective average value of each time-series signal are obtained and frequency analysis is performed. Then, by comparing the maximum value and the effective average value with the determination criteria, the occurrence of abnormality in the bearing is determined, and the abnormal position is identified from the frequency observed in the frequency analysis.

特開平５−９９４７５号公報JP-A-5-99475 特開２００２−９９３２０号公報JP 2002-99320 A 特開２００３−５０１５７号公報JP 2003-50157 A

回転機械の異常診断では、回転機械に発生する異常をその発生位置も含めてできるだけ小さいうちに診断できるようにすることが望まれ、特にスクリュー圧縮機においてはその要望が強い。すなわちスクリュー圧縮機では一対圧縮ロータの噛み合い回転により流体を圧縮する構造となっており、圧縮ロータに異常を発生すると、それが大きな損傷をもたらしてその修理に多大な費用を要することになる、といった事態に結びつく可能性が高く、したがって異常をその発生位置も含めてできるだけ小さいうちに診断できるようにする必要が大きい。   In the abnormality diagnosis of a rotating machine, it is desired to be able to diagnose an abnormality occurring in the rotating machine as small as possible including the position where the abnormality occurs, particularly in the case of a screw compressor. That is, the screw compressor has a structure in which the fluid is compressed by the meshing rotation of the pair of compression rotors. If an abnormality occurs in the compression rotor, it causes great damage and requires a great deal of repair cost. Therefore, there is a high possibility that an abnormality can be diagnosed within as little as possible including the position where the abnormality occurred.

しかし、上記のような従来の技術では、このようなスクリュー圧縮機における異常診断についての要求に対して十分に応えることができない。すなわち特許文献１における、騒音レベルの比較で異常を診断する手法では、これをスクリュー圧縮機に適用しても、異常をその発生位置の特定とともに微小なうちに診断することが困難である。また特許文献２における、振動データの周波数スペクトルを正常データと比較する手法も微小な異常の診断にはあまり適していない。また特許文献３に開示の手法は、異常の発生位置の特定を可能とするものの、異常発生位置の特定のために診断時点における周期現象の周波数、例えば圧縮ロータの回転周波数を特定する必要のあるスクリュー圧縮機にこれを適用しても、異常発生位置の十分な特定を期待できない。   However, the conventional technology as described above cannot sufficiently meet the demand for abnormality diagnosis in such a screw compressor. That is, in the method of diagnosing an abnormality by comparing noise levels in Patent Document 1, even if this is applied to a screw compressor, it is difficult to diagnose the anomaly while specifying its occurrence position. Also, the method of comparing the frequency spectrum of vibration data with normal data in Patent Document 2 is not very suitable for diagnosing minute abnormalities. In addition, although the method disclosed in Patent Document 3 enables specification of an abnormality occurrence position, it is necessary to specify a frequency of a periodic phenomenon at the time of diagnosis, for example, a rotation frequency of a compression rotor, in order to specify the abnormality occurrence position. Even if this is applied to a screw compressor, it is not possible to expect sufficient identification of the position where the abnormality occurs.

本発明は、以上のような事情を背景になされたものであり、スクリュー圧縮機に発生する可能性のある異常を微小なうちにその発生位置も含めて診断することを可能とする異常診断装置の提供を目的とし、またそのような異常診断装置を用いた異常診断システムの提供を目的としている。   The present invention has been made in the background as described above, and is capable of diagnosing abnormalities that may occur in a screw compressor, including the position where the abnormalities occur, even if they are minute. The purpose is to provide an abnormality diagnosis system using such an abnormality diagnosis apparatus.

上記目的のために本発明では、一対の圧縮ロータの噛み合い回転により流体を圧縮するスクリュー圧縮機の異常を診断するための異常診断装置において、前記スクリュー圧縮機の駆動に伴って生じる周期現象を検出するセンサ、前記センサで得られる周期現象データを、異常が発生する可能性のある診断対象部品に対し、当該診断対象部品の正常時における固有な周期現象の周波数から設定される第１の注目周波数の成分についてその強度の時間変動データに変換する特定周波数成分強度抽出手段、前記特定周波数成分強度抽出手段で得られるデータの周波数成分分析を行う周波数成分分析手段、および前記周波数成分分析手段による周波数分析データについて、前記診断対象部品に予測される異常が発生したことにより生じる周期現象の周波数から設定される第２の注目周波数の成分についてその強度を予め設定の基準値と比較することで異常の有無を判定する異常判定手段を備えたことを特徴としている。   For the above purpose, in the present invention, in an abnormality diagnosis device for diagnosing abnormality of a screw compressor that compresses fluid by meshing rotation of a pair of compression rotors, a periodic phenomenon that occurs as the screw compressor is driven is detected. A first attention frequency set from the frequency of a specific periodic phenomenon when the diagnostic target part is normal with respect to a diagnostic target part in which abnormality may occur. Specific frequency component intensity extracting means for converting the component of the component into time fluctuation data of the intensity, frequency component analyzing means for performing frequency component analysis of data obtained by the specific frequency component intensity extracting means, and frequency analysis by the frequency component analyzing means For data, the frequency of periodic phenomena caused by the occurrence of a predicted abnormality in the diagnosis target part It is characterized by comprising abnormality determining means for determining the presence or absence of an abnormality that the component of the second target frequency set from a few compared with the reference value set in advance the intensity.

また本発明では上記のような異常診断装置で前記一対の圧縮ロータを診断対象部品とするについて、前記一対の圧縮ロータのそれぞれに接続されて互いに噛み合うようにされている一対のタイミングギアに生じる噛み合い強度の変動における周波数を前記第１の注目周波数とするようにしている。   Further, in the present invention, in the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above, the pair of compression rotors are parts to be diagnosed, and the meshing generated in the pair of timing gears connected to each of the pair of compression rotors and meshing with each other. The frequency in the intensity fluctuation is set as the first frequency of interest.

また本発明では上記のような異常診断装置について、前記センサで得られる周期現象データに基づいて前記圧縮ロータの回転数を検出する回転数検出手段を設け、当該回転数検出手段で検出した回転数に基づいて前記第１の注目周波数を設定できるようにしている。   In the present invention, the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above is provided with a rotation speed detection means for detecting the rotation speed of the compression rotor based on the periodic phenomenon data obtained by the sensor, and the rotation speed detected by the rotation speed detection means. The first frequency of interest can be set based on the above.

また本発明では上記のような異常診断装置について、前記特定周波数成分強度抽出手段は、ウェーブレット変換により前記データ変換を行うものとしている。   In the present invention, in the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above, the specific frequency component intensity extraction means performs the data conversion by wavelet conversion.

また本発明では上記のような異常診断装置について、前記スクリュー圧縮機をその起動後に定格回転数よりも低い回転数の低速回転数で一定時間運転させ、その低速回転数時に異常診断を行うものとしている。   Further, in the present invention, the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above is configured such that the screw compressor is operated for a certain period of time at a low rotation speed lower than the rated rotation speed after starting and the abnormality diagnosis is performed at the low rotation speed. Yes.

また本発明では上記他の目的のために、上記のような異常診断装置を、ネットワークを介して監視センタに接続して異常診断システムを構成するものとしている。   Further, in the present invention, for the above-mentioned other purposes, the abnormality diagnosis system as described above is configured by connecting the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above to a monitoring center via a network.

本発明では、スクリュー圧縮機における周期現象を利用して異常診断をなすについて第１の注目周波数と第２の注目周波数を設定し、これらの注目周波数を基に診断を行うようにしている。このため異常が発生した場合にそれを微小なうちに検知することが可能となり、またその発生位置が例えば圧縮ロータであると特定することも確実に行えるようになり、スクリュー圧縮機に対する異常診断の有効性を大幅に高めることができる。   In the present invention, the first attention frequency and the second attention frequency are set for making an abnormality diagnosis using a periodic phenomenon in the screw compressor, and the diagnosis is performed based on these attention frequencies. For this reason, if an abnormality occurs, it can be detected in a very small amount, and the occurrence position can be reliably identified, for example, as a compression rotor. Effectiveness can be greatly increased.

以下、本発明を実施する上で好ましい形態について説明する。図１に一実施形態によるスクリュー圧縮機の異常診断装置の構成を模式化して示す。異常診断装置は、スクリュー圧縮機１を異常診断対象としており、センサ２、増幅器３、Ａ／Ｄ変換器４、回転数検出手段５、特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６、周波数成分分析手段７、異常判定手段８および異常判定データベース９を備えている。   Hereinafter, preferred embodiments for carrying out the present invention will be described. FIG. 1 schematically shows the configuration of an abnormality diagnosis device for a screw compressor according to an embodiment. The abnormality diagnosis device targets the screw compressor 1 as an abnormality diagnosis, and includes a sensor 2, an amplifier 3, an A / D converter 4, a rotation speed detection means 5, a specific frequency component intensity extraction means 6, a frequency component analysis means 7, an abnormality. A determination unit 8 and an abnormality determination database 9 are provided.

本実施形態における異常診断対象のスクリュー圧縮機１は、図２にその構造を模式化して示すように、対にして設けられる第１の圧縮ロータ（雄型圧縮ロータ）１１と第２の圧縮ロータ（雌型圧縮ロータ）１２、第１の圧縮ロータ１１の回転軸に接続された第１のタイミングギア１３、第１のタイミングギア１３に噛み合うようにして第２の圧縮ロータ１２の回転軸に接続された第２のタイミングギア１４、ロータ駆動用の電動モータ１５、吸入側配管に設けられる吸入弁１６、および吐出側配管に設けられる吐出弁１７を備え、一対の圧縮ロータ１１、１２の噛み合い回転により空気などの流体を圧縮する構成となっている。第１、第２の両タイミングギア１３、１４は、オイルフリーの場合に設けられる要素であり、第１、第２の両圧縮ロータ１１、１２を非接触で回転させて潤滑油を不要とする場合に、その非接触回転のタイミングをとる機能を負っている。したがってオイルフリーでないスクリュー圧縮機ではこうした要素は設けられないことになる。   As shown schematically in FIG. 2, the screw compressor 1 subject to abnormality diagnosis in the present embodiment has a first compression rotor (male compression rotor) 11 and a second compression rotor provided in pairs. (Female compression rotor) 12, first timing gear 13 connected to the rotation shaft of the first compression rotor 11, connected to the rotation shaft of the second compression rotor 12 so as to mesh with the first timing gear 13 The second timing gear 14, the electric motor 15 for driving the rotor, the suction valve 16 provided in the suction side pipe, and the discharge valve 17 provided in the discharge side pipe, and the meshing rotation of the pair of compression rotors 11, 12 are provided. Therefore, a fluid such as air is compressed. Both the first and second timing gears 13 and 14 are elements provided in the case of oil-free, and the first and second compression rotors 11 and 12 are rotated in a non-contact manner so that no lubricating oil is required. In some cases, it has the function of timing the non-contact rotation. Therefore, a screw compressor that is not oil-free cannot be provided with such elements.

まず本実施形態による異常診断装置でなされる異常診断処理の基本について説明する。スクリュー圧縮機は、その駆動に伴って、機械的な振動、音響（騒音）あるいは駆動電流の変動などの周期現象を各部品に生じる。異常診断は、こうした周期現象について、異常が発生する可能性のある診断対象の部品に対し、診断対象の部品の正常時における固有な周期現象の周波数に対応する第１の注目周波数と、その部品に予測される異常が発生したことにより生じる周期現象の周波数に対応する第２の注目周波数を設定する。そして、センサ２で検出した周期現象データをまず特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６にて第１の注目周波数の成分についての強度の時間変動データに変換する。次いでその強度の時間変動データについて周波数成分分析手段７にて周波数分析を行う。それから異常判定手段８にて、周波数分析で得られたデータについて、第２の注目周波数の成分の強度を予め設定の基準値と比較し、それが基準値を超えているか否かにより異常の有無を判定する。   First, the basics of abnormality diagnosis processing performed by the abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to the present embodiment will be described. As the screw compressor is driven, a periodic phenomenon such as mechanical vibration, sound (noise), or fluctuation in driving current occurs in each component. In the abnormality diagnosis, with respect to such a periodic phenomenon, a first target frequency corresponding to a frequency of a specific periodic phenomenon when the diagnosis target part is normal, and the part thereof, with respect to a diagnosis target part in which abnormality may occur A second frequency of interest corresponding to the frequency of the periodic phenomenon that occurs due to the occurrence of a predicted abnormality is set. Then, the periodic phenomenon data detected by the sensor 2 is first converted by the specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6 into time variation data of the intensity of the component of the first frequency of interest. Next, the frequency component analysis means 7 performs frequency analysis on the time variation data of the intensity. Then, the abnormality determination means 8 compares the intensity of the component of the second frequency of interest with a preset reference value for the data obtained by frequency analysis, and whether or not there is an abnormality depending on whether or not it exceeds the reference value. Determine.

以下ではこのような異常診断を圧縮ロータについて行う場合を例として、異常診断装置の各構成要素の機能とともに具体的に説明する。センサ２は、スクリュー圧縮機１に取り付けられ、スクリュー圧縮機１における上述のような周期現象を検出し、その周期現象に関するアナログ信号を出力する。センサ２の出力アナログ信号の例を図３に示す。このセンサ２からのアナログ信号は増幅器３で増幅され、増幅器３で増幅されたアナログ信号はＡ／Ｄ変換器４によりデジタル信号に変換される。   Hereinafter, the case where such an abnormality diagnosis is performed on the compression rotor will be described as an example together with the function of each component of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus. The sensor 2 is attached to the screw compressor 1, detects the above-described periodic phenomenon in the screw compressor 1, and outputs an analog signal related to the periodic phenomenon. An example of the output analog signal of the sensor 2 is shown in FIG. The analog signal from the sensor 2 is amplified by the amplifier 3, and the analog signal amplified by the amplifier 3 is converted into a digital signal by the A / D converter 4.

回転数検出手段５は、スクリュー圧縮機１における圧縮ロータの実際の回転数（回転速度）を求める。回転数検出手段５による回転数の検出は、センサ２が検出する周期現象に基づいて行う。具体的には、周期現象データについて例えば周波数成分ごとの強度を分析し、強度のピークを持つ周波数から圧縮ロータの実回転数を求めるなどの手法で行うことができる。この回転数検出手段５で求めた圧縮ロータの実回転数は、圧縮ロータに関する異常診断における第１の注目周波数の設定の基になる。第１の注目周波数は、センサ２が検出する周期現象に基づいてなす異常診断における基本的なパラメータであり、その基になる圧縮ロータの実回転数を異常診断で用いるのと同じ周期現象データから回転数検出手段５により求める構成は、異常診断の精度を高める上で有効である。すなわち、例えばエンコーダなどの回転数検出手段を別途設ける場合は、その回転数検出手段からの回転数データに伝達途中で誤差などを生じる可能性があるが、本実施形態のような構成であると、そうした可能性を排除でき、異常診断の精度をより高めることができる。   The rotational speed detection means 5 obtains the actual rotational speed (rotational speed) of the compression rotor in the screw compressor 1. The detection of the rotation speed by the rotation speed detection means 5 is performed based on a periodic phenomenon detected by the sensor 2. Specifically, for example, the intensity of each frequency component of the periodic phenomenon data is analyzed, and the actual rotational speed of the compression rotor is obtained from the frequency having the intensity peak. The actual rotational speed of the compression rotor obtained by the rotational speed detection means 5 is a basis for setting the first frequency of interest in abnormality diagnosis relating to the compression rotor. The first frequency of interest is a basic parameter in abnormality diagnosis made based on the periodic phenomenon detected by the sensor 2, and is based on the same periodic phenomenon data as that used in the abnormality diagnosis based on the actual rotational speed of the compression rotor as a basis. The configuration obtained by the rotational speed detection means 5 is effective in increasing the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis. That is, for example, when a rotation speed detection unit such as an encoder is separately provided, an error may occur in the rotation speed data from the rotation speed detection unit in the course of transmission. , Such a possibility can be eliminated, and the accuracy of abnormality diagnosis can be further improved.

特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６は、センサ２からの周期現象データを、圧縮ロータの実回転数に相関して設定される第１の注目周波数による周期現象成分の強度の時間変動データに変換する。図２のスクリュー圧縮機１は圧縮ロータ１１、１２が非接触である。このようなスクリュー圧縮機１の場合は、圧縮ロータ１１、１２の回転に伴うタイミングギア１３、１４の回転でタイミングギア１３、１４にその歯数に相関して生じる噛み合い強度の変動についての周波数を第１の注目周波数とするのが好ましい。タイミングギア１３、１４における噛み合い強度の変動は、スクリュー圧縮機１の起動時であれば、以下のようにして生じる。すなわちスクリュー圧縮機１は、その起動時においては吸入弁１６が閉じられた状態で運転される。この場合、吸入側は吸入弁１６から圧縮ロータまではほぼ真空状態となっており、吐出側は大気開放している。このため、圧縮ロータのかみ合い周期にあわせて吐出側から圧縮ロータへの逆流を周期的に生じ、これによる空気圧の変動に伴う荷重が圧縮ロータにかかり、これに応じて噛み合い強度の変動をタイミングギアに生じる。   The specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6 converts the periodic phenomenon data from the sensor 2 into time fluctuation data of the intensity of the periodic phenomenon component at the first frequency of interest set in correlation with the actual rotational speed of the compression rotor. In the screw compressor 1 of FIG. 2, the compression rotors 11 and 12 are not in contact with each other. In the case of such a screw compressor 1, the frequency about the fluctuation | variation of the mesh | engagement intensity | strength which arises in the timing gears 13 and 14 in correlation with the number of teeth by rotation of the timing gears 13 and 14 accompanying rotation of the compression rotors 11 and 12 is set. The first frequency of interest is preferable. When the screw compressor 1 is started, the change in the meshing strength in the timing gears 13 and 14 occurs as follows. That is, the screw compressor 1 is operated with the suction valve 16 closed at the time of starting. In this case, the suction side is substantially in a vacuum state from the suction valve 16 to the compression rotor, and the discharge side is open to the atmosphere. For this reason, backflow from the discharge side to the compression rotor is periodically generated in accordance with the meshing cycle of the compression rotor, and a load due to the variation of the air pressure is applied to the compression rotor, and the variation of the meshing strength according to this is changed to the timing gear. To occur.

第１の注目周波数の設定は、異常判定データベース９に格納されているデータを用いて行われる。すなわち異常判定データベース９には、例えば圧縮ロータの回転数、タイミングギアの歯数および第１の注目周波数の関係をテーブル化したデータが格納されており、このデータから圧縮ロータの実回転数に相関したタイミングギアの周期現象についての第１の注目周波数を求める。   The setting of the first frequency of interest is performed using data stored in the abnormality determination database 9. That is, the abnormality determination database 9 stores, for example, data that tabulates the relationship between the rotation speed of the compression rotor, the number of teeth of the timing gear, and the first frequency of interest, and correlates with the actual rotation speed of the compression rotor from this data. A first frequency of interest for the periodic phenomenon of the timing gear is obtained.

このように、圧縮ロータ１１、１２の異常診断における第１の注目周波数をタイミングギア１３、１４の周期現象から設定するのは、圧縮ロータ１１、１２に生じる異常をより確実に診断できるようにするためである。圧縮ロータ１１、１２の噛み合いは非接触であるため、例えば一方の圧縮ロータの表面に異物が固着し、その部分だけが他方の圧縮ロータと接触する状態になっている、といった異常を生じても、その異常による周期現象は圧縮ロータ１１、１２における正常時の周期現象に対してそれほど大きな変化をもたらさないことがある。一方、タイミングギア１３、１４は、このような異常が圧縮ロータ１１、１２に生じると、その影響を受けて圧縮ロータ１１、１２の異常による周期現象をよりクリアーに発現させる。このような関係から、圧縮ロータ１１、１２の診断における第１の注目周波数をタイミングギア１３、１４の周期現象について設定することで、圧縮ロータ１１、１２に生じる異常をより確実に診断できるようになる。   Thus, setting the first frequency of interest in the abnormality diagnosis of the compression rotors 11 and 12 based on the periodic phenomenon of the timing gears 13 and 14 makes it possible to more reliably diagnose the abnormality occurring in the compression rotors 11 and 12. Because. Since the meshing of the compression rotors 11 and 12 is non-contact, even if an abnormality occurs, for example, foreign matter is fixed on the surface of one compression rotor and only that portion is in contact with the other compression rotor. The periodic phenomenon due to the abnormality may not cause a great change with respect to the normal period phenomenon in the compression rotors 11 and 12. On the other hand, when such an abnormality occurs in the compression rotors 11 and 12, the timing gears 13 and 14 are affected by the influence and cause the periodic phenomenon due to the abnormality of the compression rotors 11 and 12 to appear more clearly. From such a relationship, the first attention frequency in the diagnosis of the compression rotors 11 and 12 is set for the periodic phenomenon of the timing gears 13 and 14 so that the abnormality occurring in the compression rotors 11 and 12 can be more reliably diagnosed. Become.

特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６によるデータ変換にはいくつかの手法が可能である。好ましい一つは、ウェーブレット変換を用いる手法である。他の好ましい一つは、ショートタイムＦＦＴ（高速フーリエ変換）による手法である。これらの手法の他に、特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６をフィルタ構造で形成してろ波処理を行う手法も可能である。なおウェーブレット変換やショートタイムＦＦＴあるいはろ波処理はよく知られている手法であるので、それらについての説明は省略する。   Several methods are possible for data conversion by the specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6. One preferable method is a method using wavelet transform. Another preferable one is a technique using a short time FFT (Fast Fourier Transform). In addition to these methods, a method of performing the filtering process by forming the specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6 with a filter structure is also possible. Since wavelet transform, short time FFT or filtering is a well-known technique, description thereof will be omitted.

本実施形態では特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６によるデータ変換をウェーブレット変換で行っている。ウェーブレット変換は、広い周波数範囲について十分な時間分解能を持つデータが得られるという特性がある。これは圧縮ロータの回転数が変動する条件下で精度の高い異常診断を行う上で有用な特性である。したがって特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６によるデータ変換の手法としてはウェーブレット変換が特に好ましいといえる。   In the present embodiment, data conversion by the specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6 is performed by wavelet conversion. The wavelet transform has a characteristic that data having sufficient time resolution can be obtained over a wide frequency range. This is a useful characteristic for highly accurate abnormality diagnosis under conditions where the rotational speed of the compression rotor varies. Therefore, it can be said that the wavelet transform is particularly preferable as a data conversion method by the specific frequency component intensity extracting means 6.

圧縮ロータの異常診断を行う場合の第１の注目周波数としては、タイミングギアのかみ合い周波数が挙げられる。圧縮ロータ異常が生じ、その部分で二つの圧縮ロータが互いに接触する場合には、それに合わせてタイミングギアのかみ合い強度も変動する。したがって、周期現象データのタイミングギアかみ合い周波数成分強度の時間変動を分析することで圧縮ロータの異常を診断することが出来る。スクリュー圧縮機１の運転時における周期現象データのタイミングギアかみ合い周波数成分強度の時間変動例を図４と図５に示す。これらは、第１の圧縮ロータ１１の歯数が５で第２の圧縮ロータ１２の歯数が４である場合の例である。図４の波形は、圧縮ロータに異常がない場合の波形であり、圧縮ロータのかみ合わせ周波数に対応した時間間隔Δｔ３を周期としてほぼ同じ強度で強弱を繰り返す。圧縮機の吐出圧がロータのかみ合わせ周波数で脈動し、これに合わせてタイミングギアのかみ合い強度が変動するために、これが強度変化としても現れるのである。   As the first frequency of interest when the abnormality diagnosis of the compression rotor is performed, the meshing frequency of the timing gear can be cited. When an abnormality occurs in the compression rotor and the two compression rotors come into contact with each other at that portion, the meshing strength of the timing gear varies accordingly. Therefore, the abnormality of the compression rotor can be diagnosed by analyzing the time variation of the frequency gear intensity of the timing gear meshing of the periodic phenomenon data. FIG. 4 and FIG. 5 show examples of time variation of the timing gear meshing frequency component intensity of the periodic phenomenon data during the operation of the screw compressor 1. These are examples when the number of teeth of the first compression rotor 11 is five and the number of teeth of the second compression rotor 12 is four. The waveform of FIG. 4 is a waveform when there is no abnormality in the compression rotor, and repeats strength with almost the same intensity with a time interval Δt3 corresponding to the meshing frequency of the compression rotor as a cycle. The discharge pressure of the compressor pulsates at the meshing frequency of the rotor, and the meshing strength of the timing gear fluctuates accordingly. This also appears as a change in strength.

一方、図５の波形は、圧縮ロータ１１の特定歯面に異常のある場合の波形であり、正常の場合よりも大きなピーク値が時間間隔Δｔ２の周期で現れる波形となっている。この波形は、上述した圧縮ロータ表面への異物の固着による異常でもたらされたものである。こうした異常があると、両圧縮ロータの部分接触時にタイミングギアの噛み合い強度が大きくなり、それが正常の場合よりも大きなピーク値となって圧縮ロータ１１の回転周波数に応じた時間間隔Δｔ２の周期で正常時の波形に重なった状態でパルス状に現れる。   On the other hand, the waveform of FIG. 5 is a waveform when the specific tooth surface of the compression rotor 11 is abnormal, and is a waveform in which a larger peak value appears in the period of the time interval Δt2 than when it is normal. This waveform is caused by the abnormality due to the adhesion of foreign matter to the surface of the compression rotor described above. If there is such an abnormality, the meshing strength of the timing gear increases at the time of partial contact between the two compression rotors, which becomes a larger peak value than in the normal case, and at a period of time interval Δt2 corresponding to the rotation frequency of the compression rotor 11. Appears in a pulsed manner in a state where it overlaps the normal waveform.

周波数成分分析手段７は、特定周波数成分強度抽出手段６で得られたデータについて周波数分析を行う。その周波数分析には、ウェーブレット変換による手法や高速ＦＦＴによる手法を用いることができる。図５の例のデータを周波数成分分析手段７で周波数分析すると、図６に示すような周波数スペクトルが得られる。この周波数スペクトルは、第１の注目周波数ｆ３の成分にピークのある分布を含むとともに、時間間隔Δｔ２を周期とする周波数つまり上述の第２の注目周波数ｆ２の成分およびその高調波成分にピークのある分布を含む。異常診断は、このような周波数分析結果を異常判定手段８で判定することで行う。具体的には、第２の注目周波数における強度を異常判定データベース９に格納の基準値と比較し、その強度が基準値を超えていれば異常発生と判定する。   The frequency component analyzing unit 7 performs frequency analysis on the data obtained by the specific frequency component intensity extracting unit 6. For the frequency analysis, a method using wavelet transform or a method using high-speed FFT can be used. When the frequency analysis is performed on the data of the example of FIG. 5 by the frequency component analyzing means 7, a frequency spectrum as shown in FIG. 6 is obtained. This frequency spectrum includes a distribution having a peak in the component of the first target frequency f3, and has a peak in the frequency having the period of the time interval Δt2, that is, the component of the second target frequency f2 and its harmonic component. Includes distribution. The abnormality diagnosis is performed by determining such a frequency analysis result by the abnormality determination means 8. Specifically, the intensity at the second frequency of interest is compared with a reference value stored in the abnormality determination database 9, and if the intensity exceeds the reference value, it is determined that an abnormality has occurred.

ここで、第２の注目周波数は、上述のように発生した異常による周期現象の周波数に対応しており、発生する異常のタイプごとに、例えばスクリュー圧縮機の型式や使用履歴などを考慮して設定されることになる。そして異常判定のための基準値も異常タイプごとの第２の注目周波数に対応して設定される。このような第２の注目周波数と基準値の組み合わせは、異常判定データベース９にテーブル化したデータとして格納されている。   Here, the second frequency of interest corresponds to the frequency of the periodic phenomenon due to the abnormality that has occurred as described above, and for example, the type of screw compressor and the history of use are considered for each type of abnormality that occurs. Will be set. A reference value for determining an abnormality is also set corresponding to the second frequency of interest for each abnormality type. Such combinations of the second frequency of interest and the reference value are stored in the abnormality determination database 9 as tabulated data.

以上のように本発明では、スクリュー圧縮機における周期現象を利用して異常診断をなすについて第１の注目周波数と第２の注目周波数を設定し、これらの注目周波数を基に診断を行うようにしている。このため単に周期現象の強弱だけでは検知できない小さな異常も検知することが可能となり、さらにその異常が発生している位置の特定も可能となり、異常診断の有効性を大幅に高めることができる。   As described above, in the present invention, the first attention frequency and the second attention frequency are set for performing abnormality diagnosis using the periodic phenomenon in the screw compressor, and diagnosis is performed based on these attention frequencies. ing. For this reason, it is possible to detect even a small abnormality that cannot be detected only by the intensity of the periodic phenomenon, and it is also possible to specify the position where the abnormality has occurred, and the effectiveness of abnormality diagnosis can be greatly enhanced.

図７に異常診断装置によるスクリュー圧縮機に対する異常診断のタイムスケジュールの例を示す。この例では、スクリュー圧縮機の起動後に定格回転数よりも遅い回転数の低速回転数で一定時間運転するようにし、その低速回転数時に異常診断を行うようにしている。このように起動時に低速回転を行わせて異常診断をなすようにすることで、異常発生によるスクリュー圧縮機の損傷などを未然に防止できるようになる。すなわち圧縮ロータの表面に異物が固着するなどの異常を発生した状態で定格回転数による運転を行うと、圧縮ロータが焼きついて損傷し、さらにはその影響でロータハウジングなどにも損傷が拡大し、その修理に多大な費用を要する状態を招くおそれがある。これに対し、本実施形態のように低速回転数で異常診断を行い、異常を検知したら、それ以上のスクリュー圧縮機の運転を止めて異常原因を除く処置を施せるようにすることで、異常が多大な費用を要する損傷に結びつくようなことを未然に防止することができる。   FIG. 7 shows an example of an abnormality diagnosis time schedule for the screw compressor by the abnormality diagnosis apparatus. In this example, after the screw compressor is started, operation is performed for a certain period of time at a low speed that is slower than the rated speed, and abnormality diagnosis is performed at the low speed. In this way, by performing a low speed rotation at the time of startup and making an abnormality diagnosis, it is possible to prevent damage to the screw compressor due to the occurrence of an abnormality. In other words, if operation is performed at the rated speed while an abnormality such as foreign matter sticking to the surface of the compression rotor occurs, the compression rotor will burn and be damaged, and the damage will also expand to the rotor housing, etc. There is a risk of incurring a state of costly repair. On the other hand, if the abnormality diagnosis is performed at a low rotational speed as in the present embodiment and the abnormality is detected, the operation of the screw compressor is stopped further so that the abnormality can be removed and the abnormality can be performed. It is possible to prevent the occurrence of damage that requires a great deal of cost.

図８に上記のような異常診断装置を用いた異常診断システムの実施形態の例を示す。異常診断システムは、異常診断装置を、ネットワーク２０を介して監視センタ２１に接続した構成とされ、異常診断装置による診断結果が随時監視センタ２１に送られる。またこの異常診断システムでは、異常診断装置では診断できていない異常がスクリュー圧縮機に何らかの方法で発見された場合に、その異常も異常診断装置で診断できるように、異常診断装置の異常判定データベース９に監視センタ２１からの遠隔操作で必要な更新を施すことも行える。具体的にいうと、異常診断装置では診断できていない異常を例えばスクリュー圧縮機の保守管理員などが発見した場合には、異常診断装置が周波数分析手段７からの出力データを監視センタ２１に送信する。これを受けた監視センタでは送信されたデータを基に、必要なデータ更新を異常判定値データベース９に施す。こうした更新は、監視センタ２１に接続されている複数の異常診断装置に共通するものである場合であれば、それら複数の異常診断装置に対して共通になされる。このような異常診断システムを構築することにより、異常診断装置にいわば学習機能を持たせることが可能となり、診断対象の異常の範囲を順次拡大することが可能となる。   FIG. 8 shows an example of an embodiment of an abnormality diagnosis system using the abnormality diagnosis apparatus as described above. The abnormality diagnosis system is configured such that an abnormality diagnosis device is connected to the monitoring center 21 via the network 20, and a diagnosis result by the abnormality diagnosis device is sent to the monitoring center 21 as needed. Further, in this abnormality diagnosis system, when an abnormality that cannot be diagnosed by the abnormality diagnosis apparatus is found in the screw compressor by any method, the abnormality determination database 9 of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus can be also diagnosed by the abnormality diagnosis apparatus. In addition, necessary updates can be performed by remote control from the monitoring center 21. More specifically, when an abnormality that cannot be diagnosed by the abnormality diagnosis device is discovered, for example, by a maintenance staff of the screw compressor, the abnormality diagnosis device transmits output data from the frequency analysis means 7 to the monitoring center 21. To do. In response to this, the monitoring center performs necessary data update on the abnormality determination value database 9 based on the transmitted data. If such update is common to a plurality of abnormality diagnosis apparatuses connected to the monitoring center 21, it is made common to the plurality of abnormality diagnosis apparatuses. By constructing such an abnormality diagnosis system, it is possible to give the abnormality diagnosis apparatus a learning function, and it is possible to sequentially expand the range of abnormality to be diagnosed.

本発明は、スクリュー圧縮機に対する異常診断の有効性を大幅に高めるものであり、スクリュー圧縮機の分野に広く適用することができる。   The present invention greatly enhances the effectiveness of abnormality diagnosis for screw compressors and can be widely applied to the field of screw compressors.

一実施形態による異常診断装置の構成を模式化して示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the abnormality diagnosis apparatus by one Embodiment. スクリュー圧縮機の構成を模式化して示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the composition of a screw compressor. センサから出力される信号の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the signal output from a sensor. 特定周波数成分強度抽出装置から出力される、異常のない場合の信号の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the signal when there is no abnormality output from a specific frequency component intensity | strength extraction apparatus. 特定周波数成分強度抽出装置から出力される、異常のある場合の信号の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the signal in the case of abnormality output from a specific frequency component intensity | strength extraction apparatus. 周波数成分分析装置から出力される信号の例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the signal output from a frequency component analyzer. 異常診断のタイムスケジュールの例を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the example of the time schedule of abnormality diagnosis. 一実施形態による異常診断システムの構成を模式化して示す図である。It is a figure which shows typically the structure of the abnormality diagnosis system by one Embodiment.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

１ スクリュー圧縮機
２ センサ
５ 回転数検出手段
６ 特定周波数成分強度抽出手段
７ 周波数成分分析手段
８ 異常判定手段
１１ 第１の圧縮ロータ
１２ 第２の圧縮ロータ
１３ タイミングギア
１４ タイミングギア
２０ ネットワーク
２１ 監視センタ
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Screw compressor 2 Sensor 5 Rotation speed detection means 6 Specific frequency component intensity extraction means 7 Frequency component analysis means 8 Abnormality determination means 11 1st compression rotor 12 2nd compression rotor 13 Timing gear 14 Timing gear 20 Network 21 Monitoring center

Claims (6)

一対の圧縮ロータの噛み合い回転により流体を圧縮するスクリュー圧縮機の異常を診断するための異常診断装置において、
前記スクリュー圧縮機の駆動に伴って生じる周期現象を検出するセンサ、前記センサで得られる周期現象データを、異常が発生する可能性のある診断対象部品に対し、当該診断対象部品の正常時における固有な周期現象の周波数から設定される第１の注目周波数の成分についてその強度の時間変動データに変換する特定周波数成分強度抽出手段、前記特定周波数成分強度抽出手段で得られるデータの周波数成分分析を行う周波数成分分析手段、および前記周波数成分分析手段による周波数分析データについて、前記診断対象部品に予測される異常が発生したことにより生じる周期現象の周波数から設定される第２の注目周波数の成分についてその強度を予め設定の基準値と比較することで異常の有無を判定する異常判定手段を備えたことを特徴とする異常診断装置。 In an abnormality diagnosis apparatus for diagnosing abnormality of a screw compressor that compresses fluid by meshing rotation of a pair of compression rotors,
A sensor for detecting a periodic phenomenon that occurs when the screw compressor is driven, and a periodic phenomenon data obtained by the sensor, with respect to a diagnostic target part that may cause an abnormality. Specific frequency component intensity extraction means for converting the component of the first frequency of interest set from the frequency of a periodic phenomenon into time-varying data of the intensity, and frequency component analysis of data obtained by the specific frequency component intensity extraction means About the frequency component analysis means, and the frequency analysis data obtained by the frequency component analysis means, the intensity of the component of the second frequency of interest set from the frequency of the periodic phenomenon caused by the occurrence of a predicted abnormality in the diagnostic object part Is provided with an abnormality determination means for determining the presence or absence of abnormality by comparing the value with a preset reference value. And an abnormal diagnostic device. 前記一対の圧縮ロータを診断対象部品とするについて、前記一対の圧縮ロータのそれぞれに接続されて互いに噛み合うようにされている一対のタイミングギアに生じる噛み合い強度の変動における周波数を前記第１の注目周波数とするようにされている請求項１に記載の異常診断装置。   When the pair of compression rotors are parts to be diagnosed, a frequency in a variation in meshing strength generated in a pair of timing gears connected to each of the pair of compression rotors and meshing with each other is defined as the first target frequency. The abnormality diagnosis device according to claim 1, which is configured as described above. 前記センサで得られる周期現象データに基づいて前記圧縮ロータの回転数を検出する回転数検出手段を備え、当該回転数検出手段で検出した回転数に基づいて前記第１の注目周波数を設定できるようにされている請求項１または請求項２に記載の異常診断装置。   Rotational speed detection means for detecting the rotational speed of the compression rotor based on periodic phenomenon data obtained by the sensor is provided, and the first frequency of interest can be set based on the rotational speed detected by the rotational speed detection means. The abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the abnormality diagnosis apparatus is configured. 前記特定周波数成分強度抽出手段は、ウェーブレット変換により前記データ変換を行うようにされている請求項１〜請求項３のいずれか１項に記載の異常診断装置。   The abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the specific frequency component intensity extraction unit performs the data conversion by wavelet conversion. 前記スクリュー圧縮機をその起動後に定格回転数よりも低い回転数の低速回転数で一定時間運転させ、その低速回転数時に異常診断を行うようにされている請求項１〜請求項４のいずれか１項に記載の異常診断装置。   5. The screw compressor according to claim 1, wherein the screw compressor is operated for a certain period of time at a low rotational speed lower than a rated rotational speed after being started, and abnormality diagnosis is performed at the low rotational speed. The abnormality diagnosis device according to item 1. 請求項１〜請求項５のいずれか１項に記載の異常診断装置を、ネットワークを介して監視センタに接続して構成された異常診断システム。
An abnormality diagnosis system configured by connecting the abnormality diagnosis apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5 to a monitoring center via a network.
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