JP2006016996A - Valve system characteristic control device of internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Valve system characteristic control device of internal combustion engine Download PDF

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JP2006016996A
JP2006016996A JP2004193443A JP2004193443A JP2006016996A JP 2006016996 A JP2006016996 A JP 2006016996A JP 2004193443 A JP2004193443 A JP 2004193443A JP 2004193443 A JP2004193443 A JP 2004193443A JP 2006016996 A JP2006016996 A JP 2006016996A
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exhaust valve
valve
internal combustion
combustion engine
deterioration
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Sunao Murase
直 村瀬
Hiroki Ichinose
宏樹 一瀬
Yuichi Kato
雄一 加藤
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Toyota Motor Corp
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Toyota Motor Corp
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  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a valve system characteristic control device capable of restraining deterioration of combustion. <P>SOLUTION: This valve system characteristic control device is applied to a valve system device 1 furnished with an electromagnetic drive device 17 capable of changing an opening time area of an exhaust valve 16 of an internal combustion engine 2. Additionally, it is furnished with a combustion deterioration judging means 18 to judge combustion deterioration of the internal combustion engine 2 and an exhaust valve drive control means 18 to control the electromagnetic drive device 17 so that the opening time area of the exhaust valve 16 of the internal combustion engine 2 becomes large in the case when the combustion deterioration is judged by the combustion deterioration judging means. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、排気弁の開き時間面積を変更可能な排気弁駆動手段を備えた動弁装置に適用される内燃機関の動弁特性制御装置に関する。   The present invention relates to a valve operating characteristic control apparatus for an internal combustion engine applied to a valve operating apparatus having an exhaust valve driving means capable of changing an opening time area of an exhaust valve.

従来から、内燃機関の排気弁を任意の時期に開閉可能な動弁装置が知られている。この種の動弁装置を制御する制御装置として、例えば内燃機関の始動時の未燃燃料の排出を抑制するために排気弁を遅開き、早閉じするようにして排気弁の開弁期間を短くするものがある(特許文献1)。同様に、始動時の排気浄化を良好にするため排気弁の開弁期間を短くするものがある(特許文献2)。その他本発明に関連する先行技術文献として、特許文献3〜6が存在する。   2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, a valve gear that can open and close an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine at an arbitrary time is known. As a control device for controlling this type of valve operating device, for example, in order to suppress the discharge of unburned fuel at the start of the internal combustion engine, the exhaust valve is opened slowly and closed early to shorten the valve opening period. (Patent Document 1). Similarly, there is one that shortens the valve opening period of the exhaust valve in order to improve the exhaust gas purification at the start (Patent Document 2). In addition, Patent Documents 3 to 6 exist as prior art documents related to the present invention.

特開平10−252511号公報Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-252511 特開平8−28226号公報JP-A-8-28226 特開平6−346725号公報JP-A-6-346725 特開2001−342856号公報JP 2001-342856 A 特開2003−120348号公報JP 2003-120348 A 特開2001−140611号公報JP 2001-140611 A

このような装置は、内燃機関の始動時に排気ガスを筒内に留めることができるので未燃燃料の排出を低減できる。しかしながら、排気弁の開弁期間を短くして排気弁の閉じ状態を維持するものであるため、筒内に残留した排気の影響によって燃焼が悪化するおそれがある。   Such an apparatus can reduce the discharge of unburned fuel because the exhaust gas can be kept in the cylinder when the internal combustion engine is started. However, since the valve opening period of the exhaust valve is shortened to maintain the closed state of the exhaust valve, the combustion may be deteriorated by the influence of the exhaust gas remaining in the cylinder.

そこで、本発明は燃焼の悪化を抑制可能な動弁特性制御装置を提供することを目的とする。   In view of the above, an object of the present invention is to provide a valve operating characteristic control device capable of suppressing deterioration of combustion.

本発明の動弁特性制御装置は、内燃機関の排気弁の開き時間面積を変更可能な排気弁駆動手段を備えた動弁装置に適用される動弁特性制御装置であって、前記内燃機関の燃焼悪化を判定する燃焼悪化判定手段と、前記燃焼悪化判定手段により燃焼悪化が判定された場合に、前記内燃機関の排気弁の開き時間面積が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御する排気弁駆動制御手段と、を具備することにより、上述した課題を解決する(請求項1)。   A valve operating characteristic control apparatus according to the present invention is a valve operating characteristic control apparatus applied to a valve operating apparatus having an exhaust valve driving means capable of changing an opening time area of an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine. Combustion deterioration determining means for determining deterioration of combustion, and an exhaust for controlling the exhaust valve driving means so that an opening time area of the exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine is increased when the combustion deterioration is determined by the combustion deterioration determining means. By providing the valve drive control means, the above-mentioned problem is solved.

この発明によれば、予定した運転状態が得られない等の内燃機関の燃焼悪化を燃焼悪化判定手段により検知できる。燃焼悪化が判定された場合には、排気弁の開き時間面積を大きくすることにより、排気される筒内ガス量が増加して燃焼性を改善することができる。なお、この発明において排気弁の開き時間面積とは、排気弁の作用角に排気弁のリフト量を乗じたものである。従って、開き時間面積を大きくする場合には、排気弁のリフト量を変更せずに排気弁の作用角を大きくする場合、排気弁の作用角を変更せずに排気弁のリフト量を大きくする場合、及び排気弁の作用角とリフト量の両者を大きくする場合のいずれも含まれる。   According to the present invention, the combustion deterioration of the internal combustion engine, such as failure to obtain the planned operating state, can be detected by the combustion deterioration determination means. When it is determined that the combustion has deteriorated, by increasing the opening time area of the exhaust valve, the amount of in-cylinder gas to be exhausted can be increased and the combustibility can be improved. In this invention, the exhaust valve opening time area is obtained by multiplying the working angle of the exhaust valve by the lift amount of the exhaust valve. Therefore, when increasing the opening time area, when increasing the operating angle of the exhaust valve without changing the lift amount of the exhaust valve, increasing the lift amount of the exhaust valve without changing the operating angle of the exhaust valve. And the case where both the operating angle and the lift amount of the exhaust valve are increased are included.

本発明の動弁特性制御装置において、前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記排気弁の開き時期の進角及び前記排気弁の閉じ時期の遅角の少なくともいずれか一方が実行されるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御してもよい(請求項2)。この場合には排気弁の開弁期間が長くなるので、筒内ガスの排気が促進されて燃焼性が改善する。   In the valve operating characteristic control apparatus according to the present invention, the exhaust valve drive control means may be configured to execute at least one of an advance angle of the opening timing of the exhaust valve and a delay angle of the closing timing of the exhaust valve. The valve driving means may be controlled (claim 2). In this case, since the valve opening period of the exhaust valve becomes longer, the exhaust of the in-cylinder gas is promoted and the combustibility is improved.

また、本発明の動弁特性制御装置において、前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記排気弁のリフト量が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御してもよい(請求項3)。この場合にも、排気弁のリフト量が大きくなることにより、筒内ガスを排気する際の押出し抵抗を低減することができるので、排気が更に促進されて燃焼性を改善することができる。   In the valve operating characteristic control apparatus of the present invention, the exhaust valve drive control means may control the exhaust valve drive means so that a lift amount of the exhaust valve becomes large. Also in this case, since the lift amount of the exhaust valve is increased, the extrusion resistance when exhausting the in-cylinder gas can be reduced, so that the exhaust is further promoted and the combustibility can be improved.

本発明の動弁特性制御装置において、前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記内燃機関の始動時に前記排気弁の開き時間面積を減少させた場合において、前記燃焼悪化判定手段により燃料悪化が判定されたときに、前記排気弁の開き時間面積が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御してもよい(請求項4)。この形態によれば、内燃機関の始動時の未然燃料(未然HC)の排出を抑え、なおかつ燃焼悪化を抑制することができる。   In the valve characteristic control apparatus of the present invention, the exhaust valve drive control means determines that the fuel deterioration has been determined by the combustion deterioration determination means when the exhaust valve opening time area is reduced when the internal combustion engine is started. In some cases, the exhaust valve driving means may be controlled so that an opening time area of the exhaust valve is increased. According to this aspect, it is possible to suppress the discharge of fuel (HC) before starting the internal combustion engine and to suppress the deterioration of combustion.

以上説明したように、本発明によれば、燃焼悪化が判定された場合に内燃機関の排気弁の開き時間面積が大きくなるように排気弁駆動手段が制御されるので、燃焼の悪化を抑制できる。   As described above, according to the present invention, when the deterioration of combustion is determined, the exhaust valve driving means is controlled so as to increase the opening time area of the exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine, so that the deterioration of combustion can be suppressed. .

(第1実施形態)
図1は、本発明が適用された動弁装置1を備えた4サイクルの多気筒レシプロ式内燃機関2の概略を示している。内燃機関2は、複数(図では1のみを示す)の気筒3aが形成されたシリンダブロック3と、シリンダブロック3の上部に取り付けられ、吸気ポート4a及び排気ポート4bがそれぞれ2つずつ形成されたシリンダヘッド4とを備えている。シリンダブロック3には、クランクシャフト5が回転可能に支持されている。各気筒3a内に収められたピストン6とクランクシャフト5とはコンロッド7を介して連結され、ピストン6の上下運動はクランクシャフト5の回転運動に変換される。シリンダヘッド4には、吸気ポート4aに対応した位置に吸気通路8が、排気ポート4bに対応した位置に排気通路9がそれぞれ設けられ、各気筒3aに形成された燃料室10に臨むようにして点火プラグ11が設けられている。排気通路9には、三元触媒等の排気浄化触媒12を備えた触媒コンバータ13が取り付けられ、点火プラグ11には、イグナイタ等を備えたプラグ駆動装置14が取り付けられている。また、シリンダヘッド4には、各吸気ポート4aを開閉動作する吸気弁15と、各排気ポート4bを開閉する排気弁16とが設けられている。動弁装置1は、これらの弁15,16をそれぞれ開閉駆動し、開閉時期及びリフト量をそれぞれ変化させる弁駆動手段としての電磁駆動装置17を備えている。各弁に対して設けられた電磁駆動装置17は全て同一構造である。電磁駆動装置17の詳細は後述する。
(First embodiment)
FIG. 1 schematically shows a four-cycle multi-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine 2 equipped with a valve gear 1 to which the present invention is applied. The internal combustion engine 2 is attached to a cylinder block 3 in which a plurality of cylinders 3a (only one is shown in the figure) 3a are formed, and an upper part of the cylinder block 3, and two intake ports 4a and two exhaust ports 4b are formed. And a cylinder head 4. A crankshaft 5 is rotatably supported on the cylinder block 3. The piston 6 housed in each cylinder 3 a and the crankshaft 5 are connected via a connecting rod 7, and the vertical movement of the piston 6 is converted into the rotational movement of the crankshaft 5. The cylinder head 4 is provided with an intake passage 8 at a position corresponding to the intake port 4a and an exhaust passage 9 at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 4b. 11 is provided. A catalytic converter 13 having an exhaust purification catalyst 12 such as a three-way catalyst is attached to the exhaust passage 9, and a plug driving device 14 having an igniter or the like is attached to the spark plug 11. The cylinder head 4 is provided with an intake valve 15 that opens and closes each intake port 4a and an exhaust valve 16 that opens and closes each exhaust port 4b. The valve operating apparatus 1 includes an electromagnetic drive device 17 as valve drive means for driving the valves 15 and 16 to open and close and to change the opening and closing timing and the lift amount, respectively. All the electromagnetic drive devices 17 provided for each valve have the same structure. Details of the electromagnetic drive device 17 will be described later.

内燃機関2にはエンジンコントロールユニット(ECU)18が設けられている。ECU18は、内燃機関2を所定の運転状態に維持するために必要な各種の演算及び動作制御を実行する。例えば、ECU18は目標空燃比や目標トルクが得られるように内燃機関2の運転状態に応じて燃料噴射弁19からの燃料噴射量や燃料噴射時期、点火プラグ11による点火時期、電磁駆動装置17を備えた動弁装置1による吸気弁15及び排気弁16のそれぞれの開閉時期及びリフト量等の各種の運転パラメータについて目標値を設定し、これらの運転パラメータが得られるように各部の動作を制御する。こうした制御を実行するため、ECU18は各種のセンサの出力を参照する。そのセンサとしては、機関回転数(回転速度)に対応した信号を出力するクランク角センサ20、冷却水温度に対応した信号を出力する冷却水温センサ21、気筒内の燃焼圧力に対応した信号を出力する燃焼圧センサ22、排気通路9に設けられ排気温度に対応した信号を出力する排気温センサ23等がある。   The internal combustion engine 2 is provided with an engine control unit (ECU) 18. The ECU 18 executes various calculations and operation controls necessary for maintaining the internal combustion engine 2 in a predetermined operating state. For example, the ECU 18 sets the fuel injection amount and fuel injection timing from the fuel injection valve 19, the ignition timing by the spark plug 11, and the electromagnetic drive device 17 in accordance with the operating state of the internal combustion engine 2 so that the target air-fuel ratio and target torque are obtained. Target values are set for various operating parameters such as opening / closing timings and lift amounts of the intake valve 15 and the exhaust valve 16 by the provided valve operating device 1, and the operation of each part is controlled so that these operating parameters are obtained. . In order to execute such control, the ECU 18 refers to outputs of various sensors. The sensors include a crank angle sensor 20 that outputs a signal corresponding to the engine speed (rotational speed), a coolant temperature sensor 21 that outputs a signal corresponding to the coolant temperature, and a signal corresponding to the combustion pressure in the cylinder. There are a combustion pressure sensor 22 that performs this, an exhaust temperature sensor 23 that is provided in the exhaust passage 9 and outputs a signal corresponding to the exhaust temperature.

図2は、排気弁16を駆動する電磁駆動装置17の構成を模式的に示したものである。電磁駆動装置17は円筒状に形成されたハウジング170を備えており、ハウジング170には、リング状に形成された二つの電磁石171,172がバルブステム16aに取り付けられた磁性体のプランジャ173を挟んで対向した状態で、かつ互いに離間するようにしてそれぞれ配置されている。電磁石171,172の中空部171a,172aには、プランジャ173を中立位置(排気弁16が中間開度となる位置)に付勢するように二つのバルブスプリング174,174がプランジャ173を挟むようにしてそれぞれ設けられている。このため、電磁石171の励磁によりプランジャ173には図2の上方に向かう力が作用してバルブノーズ16bがバルブシート175に押し付けられて排気弁16が閉弁される。一方、電磁石172の励磁によりプランジャ173には図2の下方に向かう力が作用してバルブノーズ16bがバルブシート175から離れて排気弁16が開弁される。   FIG. 2 schematically shows the configuration of the electromagnetic drive device 17 that drives the exhaust valve 16. The electromagnetic drive device 17 includes a housing 170 formed in a cylindrical shape. The housing 170 sandwiches a magnetic plunger 173 in which two electromagnets 171 and 172 formed in a ring shape are attached to the valve stem 16a. Are arranged so as to face each other and to be separated from each other. In the hollow portions 171a and 172a of the electromagnets 171 and 172, two valve springs 174 and 174 sandwich the plunger 173 so as to urge the plunger 173 to a neutral position (a position where the exhaust valve 16 has an intermediate opening), respectively. Is provided. For this reason, the upward force of FIG. 2 acts on the plunger 173 by excitation of the electromagnet 171, the valve nose 16 b is pressed against the valve seat 175, and the exhaust valve 16 is closed. On the other hand, the downward force of FIG. 2 acts on the plunger 173 by the excitation of the electromagnet 172, the valve nose 16b is separated from the valve seat 175, and the exhaust valve 16 is opened.

図1に示したドライバ24は排気弁16の開閉時期を指定するECU18からの信号に応じて電磁石171,172へ交互に励磁電流を供給する。これにより、排気弁16はECU18が指示した時期に開閉駆動される。また、ドライバ24はECU18から排気弁16リフト量を指定する信号を受け取ると、その信号に応じて電磁石172に供給する励磁電流を変化させる。プランジャ173に作用する力はドライバ24によって供給される励磁電流が大きいほど増加するので、排気弁16のリフト量はECU18によって指示された値に制御される。なお、このような電流制御だけでなく、電圧制御やデューティー制御等の電力を可変にする制御により排気弁16のリフト量を制御してもよい。以上は吸気弁15についても同様である。   The driver 24 shown in FIG. 1 alternately supplies an excitation current to the electromagnets 171 and 172 in accordance with a signal from the ECU 18 that designates the opening / closing timing of the exhaust valve 16. Thereby, the exhaust valve 16 is driven to open and close at a time designated by the ECU 18. Further, when the driver 24 receives a signal designating the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 from the ECU 18, the driver 24 changes the excitation current supplied to the electromagnet 172 according to the signal. Since the force acting on the plunger 173 increases as the excitation current supplied by the driver 24 increases, the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 is controlled to a value instructed by the ECU 18. Note that the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 may be controlled not only by such current control but also by control for varying power, such as voltage control and duty control. The same applies to the intake valve 15.

上述したように、ECU18は内燃機関2の運転状態に応じて、目標となる点火時期や排気弁16の開閉時期及びリフト量がそれぞれ得られるように点火プラグ11及び動弁装置1を制御する。内燃機関2の始動時では、ECU18は点火時期を大幅に遅角させるとともに排気弁16の開き時間面積を減少させて、未燃HCの排出を抑制している。図3に示したように、本実施形態では、排気弁16のリフト量を変更せずに、開弁時期を30°CA(クランク角度)遅角させ、かつ閉弁時期を20°CA進角させて排気弁16の開き時間面積を減少させている。つまり、排気弁16の作用角のみ減少させている。これにより、気筒3a内での未燃HCの燃焼が促進されるともに、燃焼ガスが気筒3a内に閉じ込められて未燃HCの排出が抑制される。内燃機関2の点火時期については、圧縮行程の上死点後15°CAへ大幅に遅角され、気筒3a内の温度を上昇させて未燃HCの燃焼を更に促進している。なお、図3中、BDCは下死点、TDCは上死点をそれぞれ示す(他の図についても同様)。   As described above, the ECU 18 controls the spark plug 11 and the valve gear 1 so that the target ignition timing, the opening / closing timing of the exhaust valve 16 and the lift amount can be obtained according to the operating state of the internal combustion engine 2. When the internal combustion engine 2 is started, the ECU 18 significantly retards the ignition timing and reduces the opening time area of the exhaust valve 16 to suppress the discharge of unburned HC. As shown in FIG. 3, in this embodiment, without changing the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16, the valve opening timing is retarded by 30 ° CA (crank angle) and the valve closing timing is advanced by 20 ° CA. Thus, the opening time area of the exhaust valve 16 is reduced. That is, only the operating angle of the exhaust valve 16 is reduced. As a result, the combustion of unburned HC in the cylinder 3a is promoted, and the combustion gas is confined in the cylinder 3a and the discharge of unburned HC is suppressed. The ignition timing of the internal combustion engine 2 is greatly retarded to 15 ° CA after the top dead center of the compression stroke, and the temperature in the cylinder 3a is increased to further promote the combustion of unburned HC. In FIG. 3, BDC indicates a bottom dead center and TDC indicates a top dead center (the same applies to other drawings).

本実施形態では、このような制御によって内燃機関2の始動時の未燃HC排出を抑制しているが、排気弁16の開き時間面積を減少させた状態が維持されると気筒3a内に残留する残留ガスの影響によって燃焼悪化を招くおそれがある。そこで、本実施形態では、図4に示したように、内燃機関2の始動後に燃焼悪化を検出した場合には排気弁16の開弁時期を38°CA進角させるとともに、閉弁時期を20°CA遅角させて排気弁16の開き時間面積を大きくし、気筒3a内に残留する残留ガスを減らして燃焼悪化を抑制している。そして、排気通路9の温度がHC酸化反応温度以上となるような暖気状態になった場合には、点火時期を圧縮行程の上死点後5°CAに進角させてアイドル回転数を安定化させる。なお、図3及び図4に示した数値は一形態を例示したものであり、これらの数値は状況に応じて適宜に定めることができる。以下、ECU18が実行する具体的な処理を説明する。   In the present embodiment, the unburned HC emission at the start of the internal combustion engine 2 is suppressed by such control, but if the state in which the open time area of the exhaust valve 16 is reduced is maintained, it remains in the cylinder 3a. There is a risk of causing deterioration of combustion due to the influence of residual gas. Therefore, in the present embodiment, as shown in FIG. 4, when combustion deterioration is detected after the internal combustion engine 2 is started, the valve opening timing of the exhaust valve 16 is advanced by 38 ° CA and the valve closing timing is set to 20 °. The opening time area of the exhaust valve 16 is increased by retarding the angle CA, and the residual gas remaining in the cylinder 3a is reduced to suppress the deterioration of combustion. When the exhaust passage 9 becomes warmer than the HC oxidation reaction temperature, the ignition timing is advanced to 5 ° CA after the top dead center of the compression stroke to stabilize the idle speed. Let Note that the numerical values shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 4 exemplify one form, and these numerical values can be appropriately determined according to the situation. Hereinafter, specific processing executed by the ECU 18 will be described.

図5は、内燃機関2の始動時の未燃HCの排出抑制とともに、始動後の燃焼悪化の抑制を実現するためにECU18が所定の周期で実行する制御ルーチンの一例を示している。図5のルーチンにおいて、ECU18は、ステップS1で排気弁16の開弁時期が遅角(遅開き)され、閉弁時期が進角(早閉じ)されるように、動弁装置1を制御して排気弁16の作用角を小さくする。そして、点火時期が大幅に遅角されるようにプラグ駆動装置14を制御する。これらの制御は、内燃機関2の始動要求に応じて開始され、予め設定した又は始動に影響するパラメータを考慮して算出された排気弁16の開閉時期及び点火プラグ16による点火時期に基づいて実行される。具体的な開閉時期及び点火時期は図3に示したとおりである。   FIG. 5 shows an example of a control routine executed by the ECU 18 in a predetermined cycle in order to realize the suppression of the unburned HC emission at the start of the internal combustion engine 2 and the suppression of the deterioration of combustion after the start. In the routine of FIG. 5, the ECU 18 controls the valve gear 1 so that the valve opening timing of the exhaust valve 16 is retarded (slowly opened) and the valve closing timing is advanced (early closed) in step S1. Thus, the operating angle of the exhaust valve 16 is reduced. Then, the plug driving device 14 is controlled so that the ignition timing is significantly retarded. These controls are started in response to a start request of the internal combustion engine 2 and are executed based on the opening / closing timing of the exhaust valve 16 and the ignition timing by the spark plug 16 calculated in consideration of parameters set in advance or affecting the start. Is done. The specific opening / closing timing and ignition timing are as shown in FIG.

次にECU18はステップS2において、燃焼圧センサ22の検出信号を参照し、燃焼悪化の判定、この例では現在の燃焼圧Pが燃焼悪化判定用燃焼圧P0よりも小さいか否かを判定する。燃焼悪化判定用燃焼圧P0は、正常な燃焼と認められる燃焼圧力域の下限値であり、例えば予め設定されてECU18のROMに記憶されている。燃焼悪化は、例えば燃焼圧、排気温及び機関回転数等が目標値まで上がらない場合等の予定した運転状態が得られない状態として表面化する。そこで、本実施形態では燃焼圧Pが燃焼悪化判定用燃焼圧P0を下回る場合を燃焼悪化検出の判定基準とした。判定基準は燃焼悪化に影響するパラメータに基づいて適宜に定めてよく、排気温や機関回転数に基づいて燃焼悪化を判定してもよい。排気温は排気温センサ23の検出信号を、機関回転数はクランク角センサ20の検出信号を参照することによりそれぞれ取得できる。ステップS2で、燃焼悪化を判定したとき、即ち燃焼圧Pが燃焼悪化判定用燃焼圧P0よりも小さいと判定した場合には、ECU18は処理を次のステップS3に進める。一方、燃焼悪化を判定しない場合には、これ以降の処理をスキップして今回のルーチンを終了する。   Next, in step S2, the ECU 18 refers to the detection signal of the combustion pressure sensor 22 to determine the deterioration of combustion, in this example, whether or not the current combustion pressure P is smaller than the combustion pressure P0 for determining deterioration of combustion. The combustion deterioration determination combustion pressure P0 is a lower limit value of a combustion pressure range that is recognized as normal combustion, and is set in advance and stored in the ROM of the ECU 18, for example. Combustion deterioration appears as a state in which the planned operating state cannot be obtained, for example, when the combustion pressure, the exhaust temperature, the engine speed, etc. do not rise to the target values. Therefore, in this embodiment, the case where the combustion pressure P is lower than the combustion deterioration determination combustion pressure P0 is used as a criterion for detection of combustion deterioration. The determination criterion may be appropriately determined based on a parameter that affects the deterioration of combustion, and the deterioration of combustion may be determined based on the exhaust temperature or the engine speed. The exhaust temperature can be obtained by referring to the detection signal of the exhaust temperature sensor 23, and the engine speed can be obtained by referring to the detection signal of the crank angle sensor 20. When it is determined in step S2 that the combustion has deteriorated, that is, when it is determined that the combustion pressure P is smaller than the combustion deterioration determination combustion pressure P0, the ECU 18 advances the process to the next step S3. On the other hand, if the combustion deterioration is not determined, the subsequent processing is skipped and the current routine is terminated.

ステップS3では、ECU18は排気弁16の作用角が大きくなるように動弁装置1を制御する。この例では、図4に示したように排気弁16リフト量を変更せずに開弁時期を進角させるとともに、閉弁時期を遅角させる。これにより、気筒3a内に残留する残留ガスを減じて燃焼悪化を抑制、即ち燃焼性を改善できる。次に、ECU18はステップS4において内燃機関2の暖機状態の判定、この例では機関温度Tengが暖機判定用温度T1以上であるか否かを判定する。暖機判定用温度T1は、排気通路9にてHCを酸化可能となるような機関温度域の下限値に設定するとよい。気筒3a内から排出された未燃HCが排気通路9で酸化されるためである。機関温度Tengは冷却水温で代用できるので、冷却水温センサ21の検出信号を参照することによりこれを取得できる。内燃機関2が暖機状態、即ち機関温度Tengが暖機判定用温度T1以上であると判定した場合には、ECU18は処理を次のステップS5に進める。一方、機関温度Tengが暖機判定用温度T1未満であるときは、ステップS5をスキップして今回のルーチンを終了する。ステップS5では、ECU18は点火時期が進角されるようにプラグ駆動装置14を制御して今回のルーチンを終了する。具体的な点火時期の進角値は図4に示した通りである。   In step S3, the ECU 18 controls the valve gear 1 so that the operating angle of the exhaust valve 16 is increased. In this example, the valve opening timing is advanced and the valve closing timing is retarded without changing the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 as shown in FIG. Thereby, the residual gas remaining in the cylinder 3a can be reduced to suppress the deterioration of combustion, that is, the combustibility can be improved. Next, in step S4, the ECU 18 determines whether the internal combustion engine 2 is warmed up. In this example, the ECU 18 determines whether the engine temperature Teng is equal to or higher than the warm-up determination temperature T1. The warm-up determination temperature T1 may be set to a lower limit value of the engine temperature range in which HC can be oxidized in the exhaust passage 9. This is because the unburned HC discharged from the cylinder 3a is oxidized in the exhaust passage 9. Since the engine temperature Teng can be substituted by the cooling water temperature, it can be obtained by referring to the detection signal of the cooling water temperature sensor 21. When it is determined that the internal combustion engine 2 is in the warm-up state, that is, the engine temperature Teng is equal to or higher than the warm-up determination temperature T1, the ECU 18 advances the process to the next step S5. On the other hand, when the engine temperature Teng is lower than the warm-up determination temperature T1, step S5 is skipped and the current routine is terminated. In step S5, the ECU 18 controls the plug driving device 14 so that the ignition timing is advanced, and ends the current routine. The specific advance value of the ignition timing is as shown in FIG.

以上の実施形態では、ECU18が本発明の動弁特性制御装置に相当し、ECU18は燃焼悪化判定手段及び排気弁駆動制御手段としてそれぞれ機能する。図6は本実施形態の動作結果を示したものであり、同一の時間軸に対して機関回転数Ne、点火時期、排気弁16の閉弁時期(EVC)、排気弁16の開弁時期(EVO)、排気温度、及び排出HCのそれぞれの変化が比較例とともに示されている。比較例は上述した実施形態の制御を実行しない場合の一例である。なお、図中の点火時期のA5,A15は上死点後クランク角を、閉弁時期(EVC)の17は上死点前クランク角及びA3は上死点後クランク角を、開弁時期(EVO)の53,45,15は下死点前クランク角を、それぞれ意味する。また、図中Aは始動時を、図中Bは暖機判定後をそれぞれ示している。この図から明らかなように、始動時Aにおいては排出HCが大幅に低減されるとともに、始動後から暖機判定後Bにおいて安定した機関回転数Neが保持されて燃焼悪化が抑制されている。また、本実施形態では、燃焼悪化が抑制されることにより始動時に空燃比をリッチにする必要がないので、HCの排出を更に削減できる。   In the above embodiment, the ECU 18 corresponds to the valve operating characteristic control device of the present invention, and the ECU 18 functions as a combustion deterioration determining means and an exhaust valve drive control means. FIG. 6 shows the operation result of the present embodiment. The engine speed Ne, the ignition timing, the exhaust valve 16 closing timing (EVC), and the exhaust valve opening timing (EV) with respect to the same time axis. Each change in EVO), exhaust temperature, and exhaust HC is shown along with a comparative example. The comparative example is an example when the control of the above-described embodiment is not executed. In the drawing, ignition timings A5 and A15 are crank angles after top dead center, valve closing timing (EVC) 17 is crank angle before top dead center, and A3 is crank angle after top dead center, and valve opening timing ( EVO) 53, 45 and 15 mean the crank angle before the bottom dead center, respectively. In the figure, A indicates the time of starting, and B in the figure indicates after warm-up determination. As is apparent from this figure, at the time of start A, the exhaust HC is greatly reduced, and after the start of warm-up, a stable engine speed Ne is maintained and B is suppressed from deteriorating combustion. Further, in the present embodiment, since it is not necessary to make the air-fuel ratio rich at the start-up by suppressing the deterioration of combustion, HC emissions can be further reduced.

(第2実施形態)
次に本発明の第2実施形態について説明する。この実施形態は燃焼悪化が判定されたときに排気弁のリフト量を大きくするものである。内燃機関2及び動弁装置1の構成は図1及び図2と同一である。図7は本実施形態においてECU18が実行する制御ルーチンを示したフローチャートである。この図から明らかなように多くの点で図5と共通する。図5と同一処理については同一の符号を付して重複説明を省略する。ECU18は内燃機関2の燃焼悪化を判定した場合には、ステップS11において排気弁16のリフト量が大きくなるように動弁装置1を制御する。図8はリフト量を大きくした場合の排気弁18のリフト波形である。この図に示されているように、最大リフト量を5.3mmから7.7mmへ増大させている。本実施形態のように排気弁16のリフト量を増大させて、排気弁16の開き時間面積を大きくすることにより、排気押出し損失による抵抗を抑制することができるので燃焼悪化の抑制、即ち燃焼性を改善することができる。本実施形態の場合も第1実施形態と同様に、ECU18が本発明の動弁特性制御装置に相当し、ECU18は燃焼悪化判定手段及び排気弁駆動制御手段としてそれぞれ機能する。
(Second Embodiment)
Next, a second embodiment of the present invention will be described. In this embodiment, the lift amount of the exhaust valve is increased when combustion deterioration is determined. The configurations of the internal combustion engine 2 and the valve gear 1 are the same as those in FIGS. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing a control routine executed by the ECU 18 in the present embodiment. As is clear from this figure, it is common to FIG. 5 in many respects. The same processes as those in FIG. 5 are denoted by the same reference numerals, and redundant description is omitted. When the ECU 18 determines that the combustion of the internal combustion engine 2 has deteriorated, the ECU 18 controls the valve gear 1 so that the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 is increased in step S11. FIG. 8 is a lift waveform of the exhaust valve 18 when the lift amount is increased. As shown in this figure, the maximum lift amount is increased from 5.3 mm to 7.7 mm. By increasing the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 and increasing the opening time area of the exhaust valve 16 as in this embodiment, it is possible to suppress resistance due to exhaust extrusion loss, thereby suppressing deterioration of combustion, that is, combustibility. Can be improved. In the present embodiment, as in the first embodiment, the ECU 18 corresponds to the valve operating characteristic control device of the present invention, and the ECU 18 functions as a combustion deterioration determining means and an exhaust valve drive control means.

本発明は、以上の実施形態に限定されず、種々の形態にて実施してよい。排気弁の開き時間面積を大きくするためには、ECU18が排気弁16の作用角(開閉時期)及びリフト量の両者が大きくなるように動弁装置1を制御する形態としてもよい。図9はリフト量及び作用角をともに大きくした場合のリフト波形である。上述した動弁装置1は作用角及びリフト量をECU18の指示により自在に制御できるので、このような制御も実現することができる。この例によれば、気筒3a内に残留する残留ガスの排出が促進されるとともに、排気押出し損失による抵抗が抑制されるので、燃焼性の改善効果を更に向上できる。また、排気弁16の作用角を大きくする際には、排気弁16の開弁時期の進角のみ、又は閉弁時期の遅角のみが実行されるように制御してもよい。   The present invention is not limited to the above embodiment, and may be implemented in various forms. In order to increase the opening time area of the exhaust valve, the ECU 18 may control the valve operating apparatus 1 so that both the operating angle (opening / closing timing) and the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 are increased. FIG. 9 is a lift waveform when the lift amount and the working angle are both increased. Since the valve operating apparatus 1 described above can freely control the operating angle and the lift amount according to instructions from the ECU 18, such control can also be realized. According to this example, discharge of residual gas remaining in the cylinder 3a is promoted, and resistance due to exhaust extrusion loss is suppressed, so that the combustibility improvement effect can be further improved. Further, when the operating angle of the exhaust valve 16 is increased, control may be performed so that only the advance angle of the valve opening timing or only the retard angle of the valve closing timing is executed.

また、制御対象の動弁装置として、排気弁16の作用角及びリフト量の少なくとも一方を制御可能なものであればその形態は問わない。例えば図10〜図12に示したように、内燃機関200のカム軸201に、カムノーズ202aの高さがカム軸201の中心軸線に沿って漸次高くなるようなカム202(図11)を設けるとともに、カム軸201を軸線方向にシフト可能なカムシフト装置203を設けるようにして動弁装置100を構成してもよい。図12はカムシフト装置203の具体例を示したものであり、カム軸201の一端側には磁性体製のスライダ204がカム軸201と軸線方向に一体に移動可能に設けられている。スライダ204の周囲には電磁石205が設けられ、その電磁石205とスライダ204との間にはカム軸201を図12の右方に押し付けるコイルばね206が設けられている。電磁石205の励磁によりスライダ204には図12の左方に向かう力が作用し、その力は励磁電流が大きいほど増加する。図10に示したドライバ240はECU18からカム軸201の軸線方向の位置を指定する信号を受け取り、その信号に応じて電磁石205の励磁電流を変化させる。これにより、カム軸201の軸線方向の位置がECU18にて指示された位置に制御される。つまり、この例では、ECU18がカム軸201の位置を指示することによって排気弁16の作用角及びリフト量が制御される。この例において、カム202及びカムシフト装置203は本発明の排気弁駆動手段として機能する。   Further, the valve operating device to be controlled is not limited as long as it can control at least one of the working angle and the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16. For example, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 12, the cam shaft 201 of the internal combustion engine 200 is provided with a cam 202 (FIG. 11) in which the height of the cam nose 202 a gradually increases along the central axis of the cam shaft 201. The valve gear 100 may be configured by providing a cam shift device 203 that can shift the cam shaft 201 in the axial direction. FIG. 12 shows a specific example of the cam shift device 203. A slider 204 made of a magnetic material is provided on one end side of the cam shaft 201 so as to be movable integrally with the cam shaft 201 in the axial direction. An electromagnet 205 is provided around the slider 204, and a coil spring 206 is provided between the electromagnet 205 and the slider 204 to press the cam shaft 201 to the right in FIG. Due to the excitation of the electromagnet 205, a force toward the left in FIG. 12 acts on the slider 204, and the force increases as the excitation current increases. The driver 240 shown in FIG. 10 receives a signal designating the position of the camshaft 201 in the axial direction from the ECU 18 and changes the exciting current of the electromagnet 205 in accordance with the signal. Thereby, the position of the camshaft 201 in the axial direction is controlled to the position instructed by the ECU 18. That is, in this example, when the ECU 18 indicates the position of the camshaft 201, the operating angle and the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 are controlled. In this example, the cam 202 and the cam shift device 203 function as exhaust valve driving means of the present invention.

また、動弁装置として、図13に示したように、内燃機関300のカム302をステッピングモータ等の電動モータ303で正転逆転可能に駆動する動弁装置101を用いてもよい。この動弁装置101によれば電動モータ303の動作をECU18によって制御することにより、カム302の位相を自在に変更できるので排気弁16の作用角及びリフト量をともに制御可能となる。なお図13中、符号304はカム軸を、305は電動モータ303のモータギアを、306はカム駆動ギアを、307は中間ギアをそれぞれ示す。電動モータ303の回転はモータギア305、中間ギア307を介してカム駆動ギア306に所定の減速比にて伝達される。この例において、カム302及び電動モータ303は本発明の排気弁駆動手段として機能する。   Further, as shown in FIG. 13, a valve operating apparatus 101 that drives the cam 302 of the internal combustion engine 300 by an electric motor 303 such as a stepping motor so as to be capable of normal rotation and reverse rotation may be used. According to this valve operating apparatus 101, the operation of the electric motor 303 is controlled by the ECU 18 so that the phase of the cam 302 can be freely changed, so that both the operating angle and the lift amount of the exhaust valve 16 can be controlled. In FIG. 13, reference numeral 304 denotes a cam shaft, 305 denotes a motor gear of the electric motor 303, 306 denotes a cam drive gear, and 307 denotes an intermediate gear. The rotation of the electric motor 303 is transmitted to the cam drive gear 306 through the motor gear 305 and the intermediate gear 307 at a predetermined reduction ratio. In this example, the cam 302 and the electric motor 303 function as exhaust valve driving means of the present invention.

以上では内燃機関の始動時に排気弁の開き時間面積を減少させた場合を前提として説明したが、本発明はこれに限定されず、何らかの原因で内燃機関の燃焼悪化が生じた場合にも本発明を適用することができる。   The above description is based on the assumption that the exhaust valve opening time area is reduced when the internal combustion engine is started. However, the present invention is not limited to this, and the present invention is also applied to the case where the combustion deterioration of the internal combustion engine occurs for some reason. Can be applied.

本発明が適用された動弁装置を備えた4サイクルの多気筒レシプロ式内燃機関の概略を示した図。The figure which showed the outline of the 4-cycle multi-cylinder reciprocating type internal combustion engine provided with the valve gear to which this invention was applied. 図1の電磁駆動装置の構成を模式的に示した図。The figure which showed typically the structure of the electromagnetic drive device of FIG. 第1実施形態に係る始動時の排気弁と吸気弁のリフト波形及び点火時期を示した図。The figure which showed the lift waveform and ignition timing of the exhaust valve and intake valve at the time of the start which concern on 1st Embodiment. 第1実施形態に係る燃焼悪化判定後の排気弁と吸気弁のリフト波形及び点火時期を示した図。The figure which showed the lift waveform and ignition timing of the exhaust valve and intake valve after the combustion deterioration determination which concerns on 1st Embodiment. 内燃機関の始動時の未燃HCの排出抑制及び始動後の燃焼悪化の抑制を実現するためにECUが実行する制御ルーチンの一例を示したフローチャート。The flowchart which showed an example of the control routine which ECU performs in order to implement | achieve the suppression of discharge | emission of unburned HC at the time of start-up of an internal combustion engine, and suppression of the combustion deterioration after start-up. 第1実施形態の動作結果を比較例とともに示した図。The figure which showed the operation result of 1st Embodiment with the comparative example. 第2実施形態に係る制御ルーチンの一例を示したフローチャート。The flowchart which showed an example of the control routine which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. 第2実施形態に係る燃焼悪化判定後の排気弁と吸気弁のリフト波形及び点火時期を示した図。The figure which showed the lift waveform and ignition timing of the exhaust valve and intake valve after the combustion deterioration determination which concerns on 2nd Embodiment. リフト量及び作用角をともに大きくした場合のリフト波形と、点火時期を示した図。The figure which showed the lift waveform at the time of making both a lift amount and a working angle large, and ignition timing. 動弁装置の第1の他の形態を示した図。The figure which showed the 1st other form of the valve operating apparatus. 図10のカムの詳細を示した図。The figure which showed the detail of the cam of FIG. 図10のカムシフト装置の詳細を示した図。The figure which showed the detail of the cam shift apparatus of FIG. 動弁装置の第2の他の形態を示した図。The figure which showed the 2nd other form of the valve operating apparatus.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1、100、101 動弁装置
2 内燃機関
16 排気弁
17 電磁駆動装置(排気弁駆動手段)
18 エンジンコントロールユニット(燃焼悪化判定手段、排気弁駆動制御手段)
202 カム(排気弁駆動手段)
203 カムシフト装置(排気弁駆動手段)
302 カム(排気弁駆動手段)
303 電動モータ(排気弁駆動手段)
1, 100, 101 Valve train 2 Internal combustion engine 16 Exhaust valve 17 Electromagnetic drive device (exhaust valve drive means)
18 Engine control unit (combustion deterioration determination means, exhaust valve drive control means)
202 Cam (exhaust valve drive means)
203 Cam shift device (exhaust valve drive means)
302 cam (exhaust valve drive means)
303 Electric motor (exhaust valve driving means)

Claims (4)

内燃機関の排気弁の開き時間面積を変更可能な排気弁駆動手段を備えた動弁装置に適用される動弁特性制御装置であって、
前記内燃機関の燃焼悪化を判定する燃焼悪化判定手段と、前記燃焼悪化判定手段により燃焼悪化が判定された場合に、前記内燃機関の排気弁の開き時間面積が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御する排気弁駆動制御手段と、を具備することを特徴とする内燃機関の動弁特性制御装置。
A valve operating characteristic control device applied to a valve operating device having an exhaust valve driving means capable of changing an opening time area of an exhaust valve of an internal combustion engine,
Combustion deterioration determining means for determining deterioration of combustion of the internal combustion engine, and the exhaust valve driving means so that the opening time area of the exhaust valve of the internal combustion engine is large when the combustion deterioration is determined by the combustion deterioration determining means. And an exhaust valve drive control means for controlling the valve operating characteristic control device for an internal combustion engine.
前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記排気弁の開き時期の進角及び前記排気弁の閉じ時期の遅角の少なくともいずれか一方が実行されるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の動弁特性制御装置。   The exhaust valve drive control means controls the exhaust valve drive means so that at least one of an advance angle of the exhaust valve opening timing and a delay angle of the exhaust valve close timing is executed. The valve operating characteristic control device according to claim 1. 前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記排気弁のリフト量が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の動弁特性制御装置。   2. The valve operating characteristic control apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust valve drive control means controls the exhaust valve drive means so that a lift amount of the exhaust valve is increased. 前記排気弁駆動制御手段は、前記内燃機関の始動時に前記排気弁の開き時間面積を減少させた場合において、前記燃焼悪化判定手段により燃料悪化が判定されたときに、前記排気弁の開き時間面積が大きくなるように前記排気弁駆動手段を制御することを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の動弁特性制御装置。
The exhaust valve drive control means reduces the opening time area of the exhaust valve when the deterioration of fuel is determined by the combustion deterioration determining means when the opening time area of the exhaust valve is reduced when the internal combustion engine is started. The valve operating characteristic control apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the exhaust valve driving means is controlled so as to increase.
JP2004193443A 2004-06-30 2004-06-30 Valve system characteristic control device of internal combustion engine Pending JP2006016996A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6292276B1 (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-03-14 マツダ株式会社 Variable valve gear for engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP6292276B1 (en) * 2016-10-19 2018-03-14 マツダ株式会社 Variable valve gear for engine

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