JP2005291191A - Direct injection 4-cycle engine with combustion and expansion stroke longer than its compression stroke - Google Patents

Direct injection 4-cycle engine with combustion and expansion stroke longer than its compression stroke Download PDF

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JP2005291191A
JP2005291191A JP2004134813A JP2004134813A JP2005291191A JP 2005291191 A JP2005291191 A JP 2005291191A JP 2004134813 A JP2004134813 A JP 2004134813A JP 2004134813 A JP2004134813 A JP 2004134813A JP 2005291191 A JP2005291191 A JP 2005291191A
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piston
stroke
dead center
cylinder
exhaust
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JP4223987B2 (en
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Morihiro Shiroma
盛博 城間
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Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To control an exhaust control valve directly with a piston itself without other control means, in a method wherein a stroke of a piston in a combustion and explosion stroke is longer than a stroke in a compression stroke of a direct 4-cycle engine. <P>SOLUTION: Since an exhaust port is formed in a side wall of a cylinder to install the exhaust control valve at a position between a top dead center and a bottom dead center of the piston, structure of a cylinder head is not complicated, and the exhaust port in the cylinder side wall can be closed by a motion of the piston itself, not so that timing between the motion of the piston and opening/closing the exhaust control valve is off. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2006,JPO&NCIPI

Description

本発明は、直噴4サイクルエンジンにおいて、爆発行程より吸入行程を長くして、効率を高めることになる。The present invention increases the efficiency of the direct injection four-cycle engine by making the intake stroke longer than the explosion stroke.

従来のエンジンにおいては、爆発行程の時、爆発によって完全(十分)に膨張してしまう前に排気行程に移行してしまい、爆発によって発生したエネルギーを十分にピストンやクランク、シャフトへと伝えられないままに排出してしまうという問題があった。そこで、特開2003−201873号公報において開示されているように、圧縮行程の時、本当に圧縮する行程よりも、膨張の時、本当に膨張する行程の方を、ピストンのストロークで言うならば長くとる方法が提案されている。この手法によると、前記のような問題が解消され、「圧縮比<膨張比」の比率の割合も高くとれ、膨張行程もスムーズに行われる。
特開2003−201873
In the conventional engine, during the explosion stroke, the exhaust stroke is transferred before it is fully expanded due to the explosion, and the energy generated by the explosion cannot be sufficiently transmitted to the piston, crank, and shaft. There was a problem that it was discharged as it was. Therefore, as disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2003-201873, the stroke that really expands at the time of expansion is longer than the stroke that really compresses at the time of the compression stroke. A method has been proposed. According to this method, the above-described problems are solved, the ratio of “compression ratio <expansion ratio” can be increased, and the expansion stroke can be performed smoothly.
JP 2003-201873 A

しかしながら、この手法は、シリンダーヘッドに多数の弁を設ける必要がある。すなわち、混合気専用の吸気弁や排気弁のほかに、吸気行程の時、上死点で開き下死点で閉じる弁、圧縮行程の時、下死点で開き上死点での手前で閉じる弁、圧縮行程の時、下死点で開き上死点の手前の間で閉じる弁を開け過ぎた時の対策として、爆発行程の時、膨張しすぎて回転の抵抗になる前に開き、下死点で閉じる、空気専用の吸気弁を設けるので、シリンダーヘッドの構成が複雑となり、所定の精度を維持することが困難である。また、さらに大きな問題は、ピストンの動きと連動させて前記の各弁の開閉を制御する必要があるが、そのタイミングの実現が困難である。したがって、期待通りの動作と性能を発揮させるのは極めて困難である。However, this approach requires providing a number of valves on the cylinder head. That is, in addition to the intake / exhaust valves dedicated to the air-fuel mixture, the valve opens at the top dead center during the intake stroke and closes at the bottom dead center, and opens at the bottom dead center during the compression stroke and closes at the top of the top dead center. When the valve is in the compression stroke, the valve opens at the bottom dead center and closes before the top dead center. Since an air-only intake valve that closes at the dead point is provided, the configuration of the cylinder head is complicated, and it is difficult to maintain a predetermined accuracy. Further, a bigger problem is that it is necessary to control the opening and closing of each valve in conjunction with the movement of the piston, but it is difficult to realize the timing. Therefore, it is extremely difficult to achieve the expected operation and performance.

本発明の技術的課題は、このような問題に着目し、圧縮行程のストロークよりも爆発行程のストロークを大きくする手法において、他の制御手段を必要とせずに、ピストン自体で直接に調節排気バルブを制御可能とすることにある。The technical problem of the present invention pays attention to such a problem, and in the method of making the stroke of the explosion stroke larger than the stroke of the compression stroke, the control exhaust valve is directly adjusted by the piston itself without requiring any other control means. Is to be controllable.

本発明の技術的課題は次のような手段によって解決される。請求項1は、ピストンの上死点と下死点との間の位置において、シリンダーの側壁に排気口を開けて、調節排気バルブを設けてなることを特徴とする爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジンである。The technical problem of the present invention is solved by the following means. According to a first aspect of the present invention, the explosion stroke is longer than the compression stroke, wherein an exhaust port is opened in the side wall of the cylinder and a control exhaust valve is provided at a position between the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston. This is a direct injection 4-cycle engine.

このように、ピストンの上死点と下死点との間の位置において、シリンダーの側壁に排気口を開けて、調節排気バルブを設けてあるため、従来のようにシリンダーヘッドに調節排気バルブを設けた構造に比べて、シリンダーヘッドの構成が複雑化せず、またピストン自体の動きによって、シリンダー側壁の排気口を閉じることができ、ピストンの動きと調節排気バルブの開閉のタイミングがずれるといった問題が発生しない。In this way, at the position between the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston, the exhaust port is opened in the side wall of the cylinder, and the adjustment exhaust valve is provided. Compared to the structure provided, the configuration of the cylinder head is not complicated, and the exhaust of the cylinder side wall can be closed by the movement of the piston itself, and the timing of opening and closing the movement of the piston and the adjustment exhaust valve is shifted. Does not occur.

請求項2は、前記の調節排気バルブが、ピストンが吸入行程を終えて下死点に達する時点で開弁し、次いでピストンが上昇して圧縮行程に移行する過程において、ピストンが前記のシリンダー側壁の排気口を通過することで、前記の排気口と調節排気バルブがピストン自体で閉じられる構造となっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジンである。このように、ピストンが上昇して圧縮行程に移行する際に、ピストンがシリンダー側壁の排気口を通過することによって、排気口と調節排気バルブがピストン自体で閉じられるため、ピストンの動きと調節排気バルブの開閉のタイミングがずれるといった問題が発生しない。According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the process in which the control exhaust valve opens when the piston reaches the bottom dead center after finishing the intake stroke, and then the piston moves up to the compression stroke, the piston moves to the cylinder side wall. 2. The direct injection four cycles in which the explosion stroke is longer than the compression stroke, wherein the exhaust port and the regulating exhaust valve are closed by the piston itself by passing through the exhaust port. It is an engine. In this way, when the piston rises and shifts to the compression stroke, the exhaust port and the regulated exhaust valve are closed by the piston itself by passing through the exhaust port on the cylinder side wall. There is no problem that the timing of opening and closing the valve is shifted.

請求項1のように、ピストンの上死点と下死点との間の位置において、シリンダーの側壁に排気口を開けて、調節排気バルブを設けてあるため、従来のようにシリンダーヘッドに調節排気バルブを設けた構造に比べて、シリンダーヘッドの構成が複雑化せず、またピストン自体の動きによって、シリンダー側壁の排気口を閉じることができ、ピストンの動きと調節排気バルブの開閉のタイミングがずれるといった問題が発生しない。Since the exhaust port is opened in the side wall of the cylinder at the position between the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston as in claim 1 and the adjusting exhaust valve is provided, the cylinder head is adjusted as in the conventional case. Compared to a structure with an exhaust valve, the structure of the cylinder head is not complicated, and the exhaust of the cylinder side wall can be closed by the movement of the piston itself, and the timing of the movement of the piston and the opening and closing of the adjustment exhaust valve The problem of shifting does not occur.

また、請求項2のように、ピストンが上昇して圧縮行程に移行する際に、ピストンがシリンダー側壁の排気口を通過することによって、排気口と調節排気バルブがピストン自体で閉じられるため、ピストンの動きと調節排気バルブの開閉のタイミングがずれるといった問題が発生しない。Further, as described in claim 2, when the piston moves up to the compression stroke, the exhaust port and the regulating exhaust valve are closed by the piston itself by passing the exhaust port of the cylinder side wall. There is no problem that the timing of the opening and closing of the control exhaust valve is shifted.

次に本発明による爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジンが実際上どのように具体化されるか実施形態を説明する。図1は、本発明による爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジンにおけるシリンダー部の構成を示す模式断面図である。1はシリンダーであり、ピストン2が内蔵されている。シリンダーの上部にはシリンダーヘッド3が形成されていて、吸入バルブ4と排気バルブ5、燃料噴射器8、点火プラグ9が設けてある。また、シリンダーの側壁1sには、ピストンの上死点Aと下死点Bとの間の位置Cにおいて排気口6を開けてあり、この排気口6に調節排気バルブ7を設けてある。この調節排気バルブ7の構成は特に限定されないが、図示例の場合は、シリンダー室1aに連通する調節排気バルブ室7aに弁座7sが形成されており、この弁座7sを開閉する弁体7vを設けてある。したがって、排気口6は、ピストン2の上下動によって開閉されるが、弁座7sは弁体7vによって開閉される。なお、弁体7vは従来通りシリンダーヘッド3に設けてある吸入バルブや排気バルブの開閉をするカムまたは、油圧によって駆動されるが、排気口6が閉じる際のタイミングが重要であって、弁座7sの開閉の微妙なタイミングは問題とならない。Next, an embodiment of how the direct injection four-cycle engine according to the present invention in which the explosion stroke is longer than the compression stroke will be practically described. FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a configuration of a cylinder portion in a direct injection four-cycle engine in which an explosion stroke according to the present invention is longer than a compression stroke. Reference numeral 1 denotes a cylinder in which a piston 2 is built. A cylinder head 3 is formed in the upper part of the cylinder, and an intake valve 4, an exhaust valve 5, a fuel injector 8, and a spark plug 9 are provided. Further, an exhaust port 6 is opened at a position C between the top dead center A and the bottom dead center B of the piston on the side wall 1 s of the piston, and a regulating exhaust valve 7 is provided at the exhaust port 6. The configuration of the regulated exhaust valve 7 is not particularly limited. In the illustrated example, a valve seat 7s is formed in the regulated exhaust valve chamber 7a communicating with the cylinder chamber 1a, and a valve body 7v that opens and closes the valve seat 7s. Is provided. Therefore, the exhaust port 6 is opened and closed by the vertical movement of the piston 2, but the valve seat 7s is opened and closed by the valve body 7v. The valve body 7v is driven by a cam or hydraulic pressure that opens and closes an intake valve and an exhaust valve provided in the cylinder head 3 as usual, but the timing when the exhaust port 6 is closed is important. The delicate timing of opening and closing for 7s does not matter.

図2は、図1のシリンダーにおける各部の動作を順次示す断面図であり、(A)から(B)(C)…の順に動作するものとする。この図において、(A)は、(F)の排気行程の終了後にピストン2が上死点に達し、次の吸入行程に移行する時点であり、吸入バルブ4は開き、排気バルブ5は閉じている。この状態からピストン2は下降し始め、クランクは右回転するが、ピストン2が下死点に達すると、(B)の状態となる。すなわち、(A)からBの状態に移行する間に、吸入バルブ4から外気をシリンダー室1a中に吸入する。そして、(B)のように、下死点に達した時点で、吸入バルブ4が閉じ、調節排気バルブ7が開く。したがって、続いてピストンが上昇する際に、シリンダー室中の空気は調節排気バルブ7から外部に押し出されるが、ピストンが第2下死点を通過する(C)の時点で調節排気バルブ7が閉じられることになる。FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view sequentially showing the operation of each part in the cylinder of FIG. 1, and is assumed to operate in the order of (A) to (B) (C). In this figure, (A) is the time when the piston 2 reaches top dead center after the end of the exhaust stroke of (F) and shifts to the next intake stroke. The intake valve 4 is opened and the exhaust valve 5 is closed. Yes. From this state, the piston 2 starts to descend and the crank rotates to the right, but when the piston 2 reaches bottom dead center, the state (B) is reached. That is, outside air is sucked into the cylinder chamber 1a from the suction valve 4 during the transition from the state (A) to the state B. Then, as shown in (B), when the bottom dead center is reached, the intake valve 4 is closed and the regulating exhaust valve 7 is opened. Therefore, when the piston is subsequently raised, the air in the cylinder chamber is pushed out from the regulated exhaust valve 7, but the regulated exhaust valve 7 is closed when the piston passes the second bottom dead center (C). Will be.

そして、ピストンがさらに上昇することによって圧縮行程が始まり、シリンダー室中に残っている空気が圧縮される。そして、(D)のように上死点に達した時点で、燃料が噴射されると共に、点火プラクグで点火されて爆発する。この時点から爆発行程が始まり、爆発力でピストンは(E)の下死点まで下降し、クランクを右回転させる。こうして(E)の下死点に達した時点で排気バルブ5が開き、次の(F)の状態に移行する間に、シリンダー室内の排気が行われる。そして、ピストンが上死点に達した時点で排気バルブ5が閉じて、再度吸入バルブ4が開き、(A)の状態となって、新鮮な外気をシリンダー室中に吸入する。Then, when the piston further rises, the compression stroke starts, and the air remaining in the cylinder chamber is compressed. When the top dead center is reached as shown in (D), fuel is injected and ignited by an ignition plug to explode. From this point of time, the explosion stroke begins, and the piston moves down to the bottom dead center of (E) by the explosion force and rotates the crank clockwise. Thus, when the bottom dead center of (E) is reached, the exhaust valve 5 is opened, and the cylinder chamber is exhausted while shifting to the next state (F). When the piston reaches the top dead center, the exhaust valve 5 is closed and the intake valve 4 is opened again. The state (A) is entered, and fresh outside air is sucked into the cylinder chamber.

以上のような動作に繰り返しによって、本発明によるエンジンは連続回転してクランクを駆動する。図示の動作において、従来は(A)のピストンの上死点から(B)の下死点に達する間が吸入行程であり、次の(C)を経て(D)の時点まで圧縮行程となるのに対し、本発明の場合は、(B)下死点の状態から(C)の排気口6が閉じられるまで吸入行程に相当し、以後(C)〜(D)までの短期間だけが圧縮行程となる。その後の爆発行程と排気行程と従来と変わり無いが、圧縮行程が短縮されたことによって、相対的に見た場合、圧縮行程よりも爆発行程が長くなったことになる。By repeating the operation as described above, the engine according to the present invention continuously rotates to drive the crank. In the illustrated operation, the suction stroke is conventionally performed from the top dead center of the piston (A) to the bottom dead center of (B), and the compression stroke is reached through (C) to (D). On the other hand, in the case of the present invention, it corresponds to the intake stroke from the state of (B) bottom dead center until the exhaust port 6 of (C) is closed, and only a short period from (C) to (D) thereafter. The compression process. Subsequent explosion strokes and exhaust strokes are the same as in the past, but the compression stroke is shortened, so that when viewed relatively, the explosion stroke is longer than the compression stroke.

そして、(C)から(D)までの圧縮が行われるシリンダー室の容積は、従来より格段と小さくなり、燃費も大幅に節減される。爆発行程から得られるパワーは犠牲になるものの、燃費に対する出力は向上するので、エネルギー効率が改善されることになり、資源の有効利用を実現できる。なお、図示の調節排気バルブ7の構造は一例であって、シリンダー側壁に開けた排気口の外に設けた開閉バルブであれば足りる。And the volume of the cylinder chamber in which the compression from (C) to (D) is performed becomes much smaller than before, and the fuel consumption is greatly reduced. Although the power obtained from the explosion process is sacrificed, the output for fuel efficiency is improved, so that energy efficiency is improved and effective use of resources can be realized. It should be noted that the illustrated structure of the control exhaust valve 7 is an example, and an open / close valve provided outside the exhaust port opened in the cylinder side wall is sufficient.

以上のように、本発明によると、圧縮行程のストロークよりも爆発膨張行程のストロークを大きくしてエネルギー効率の向上を実現するために、他の制御手段を必要とせずに、ピストン自体で直接に調節排気バルブを制御できるため、タイミングのずれなどの問題が解消され、円滑かつ正確な制御が可能となる。その結果、エネルギー効率の良いエンジンが実現され、資源の有効利用が達成される。As described above, according to the present invention, in order to increase the stroke of the explosion / expansion stroke more than the stroke of the compression stroke and realize the improvement of energy efficiency, the piston itself directly does not need another control means. Since the regulated exhaust valve can be controlled, problems such as timing shift are solved, and smooth and accurate control is possible. As a result, an energy efficient engine is realized, and effective use of resources is achieved.

本発明による爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジンにおけるシリンダー部の構成を示す模式断面図である。It is a schematic cross section which shows the structure of the cylinder part in the direct injection 4 cycle engine whose explosion stroke by this invention is longer than a compression stroke. 図1のシリンダーにおける各部の動作を順次示す断面図であり、(A)から(B)(C)…の順に動作するものとする。It is sectional drawing which shows sequentially the operation | movement of each part in the cylinder of FIG. 1, and shall operate | move in order of (A) to (B) (C) ....

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 シリンダー
1a シリンダー室
1s シリンダー側壁
2 ピストン
3 シリンダーヘッド
4 吸入バルブ
5 排気バルブ
6 排気口
7 調節排気バルブ
7a 調節排気バルブ室
7s 弁座
7v 弁体
8 燃料噴射器
9 点火プラグ
P1 上死点
P2 下死点
P3 第2下死点
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Cylinder 1a Cylinder chamber 1s Cylinder side wall 2 Piston 3 Cylinder head 4 Intake valve 5 Exhaust valve 6 Exhaust port 7 Adjusted exhaust valve 7a Adjusted exhaust valve chamber 7s Valve seat 7v Valve body 8 Fuel injector 9 Spark plug P1 Top dead center P2 Bottom Dead center P3 2nd bottom dead center

Claims (2)

ピストンの上死点と下死点との間の位置において、シリンダーの側壁に排気口を開けて、調節排気バルブを設けてなることを特徴とする爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジン。A direct-injection four-cycle engine with an explosion stroke longer than the compression stroke, characterized in that an exhaust port is opened in the side wall of the cylinder at a position between the top dead center and the bottom dead center of the piston, and a regulating exhaust valve is provided. . 前記の調節排気バルブが、ピストンが吸入行程を終えて下死点に達する時点で開弁し、次いでピストンが上昇して圧縮行程に移行する過程において、ピストンが前記のシリンダー側壁の排気口を通過することで、前記の排気口と調節排気バルブがピストン自体で閉じられる構造となっていることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の爆発行程が圧縮行程より長い直噴4サイクルエンジン。The adjusting exhaust valve opens when the piston reaches the bottom dead center after completing the intake stroke, and then the piston passes through the exhaust port on the cylinder side wall in the process of the piston rising and moving to the compression stroke. The direct-injection four-cycle engine according to claim 1, wherein the exhaust port and the regulated exhaust valve are closed by the piston itself.
JP2004134813A 2004-03-31 2004-03-31 Direct-injection 4-cycle engine with an explosion stroke longer than the compression stroke Expired - Lifetime JP4223987B2 (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101305821B1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-09-06 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 Variable compression ratio engine

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101305821B1 (en) * 2012-02-14 2013-09-06 한양대학교 에리카산학협력단 Variable compression ratio engine

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